Biennial Report to Congress on the Status of GPO Access U.S. Government Printing Office December 31, 2001 For additional information, contact the Office of Congressional and Public Affairs U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, DC 20401 Phone: (202) 512-1991 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In the past two years, GPO Access has remained one of the leading online sources of free, official Government information and the only such system mandated by law. Its publicly available resources, covering all three branches of Government, have grown to encompass more than 2,200 databases through over 80 applications, including the popular Congressional Record, Federal Register, and Code of Federal Regulations. As of December 2001, the Web site provided access to more than 130,000 titles on Government Printing Office (GPO) servers and over 94,000 additional titles through links to other Federal agency Web sites. Due to its efficiency, the cost of the entire GPO Access operation has been much lower than originally estimated. To measure GPO's success in disseminating electronic Government information, the number of document retrievals by users is monitored. Recent statistics indicate that GPO Access fulfills approximately 31 million document retrievals per month, with a total of more than 355 million retrievals during fiscal year 2001 alone. Complementing these figures is the praise extended for the level of service and scope of information on GPO Access. GPO Access has been featured and applauded by LibrarySpot.com and GovSpot.com, and was also recognized with an E-Gov 2001 "Trail Blazer" award in June 2001. Ben's Guide to U.S. Government for Kids, the educational component of GPO Access, also received accolades from many notable organizations, such as the American Library Association, USAToday.com, Skewl Sites Newsletter, FirstGov, HomeworkSpot.com, the Philadelphia Inquirer, and many others. To further the mandates of Public Law 103-40, GPO has taken a number of steps to improve the services it provides to the public. New applications and publications have been added, and improvements have been made to several existing applications. Numerous system enhancements have also been made, including the incorporation of "Akamized" files, the monitoring of referrals from other Web sites, and improvements to the U.S. Government Online Bookstore. Moreover, the initial steps have been taken to develop a GPO Access mirror site in a geographically removed location. In order to support and constantly improve GPO Access, a number of studies were undertaken. Quarterly studies are being conducted with the goal of improving the visibility of GPO Access pages in Internet search engines and directories. In addition, in order to compare the Legislative resources available via GPO Access to resources on other sites, three iterations of the Legislative Resources Comparison Report were also completed in the past two years. Furthermore, GPO Access was reviewed in the "Performance Measures for Federal Agency Websites" report that was conducted by Charles R. McClure et. al. The report stated that GPO Access "could serve as a guideline for other agencies in establishing or amending their Web site development strategies." To achieve its mission and the broader goals of Government, GPO has established partnerships with other Federal agencies and educational institutions to save time, money, and resources. These partnerships provide effective, inexpensive methods of disseminating information while eliminating duplicative efforts. Internet-related services that GPO performs on a reimbursable basis include hosting 17 agency Web sites and over 30 agencies' databases of Government Information Locator Service (GILS) records. Because several customers have requested that GPO upgrade its Internet services to include a LISTSERV capability to enable them associate such a service with their Web sites being hosted by GPO, a LISTSERV mailing list server has been made operational. On January 1, 2002, the long-standing, successful alliance between GPO and the Department of Commerce to provide an online version of the Commerce Business Daily (CBDNet) will come to an end. GPO will, however, continue to maintain the archive of notices. This will ensure that the public continues to have historical reference access to the procurement activities of their government during the five-year life of CBDNet. Maintaining GPO Access user satisfaction is a major concern of GPO. Therefore, GPO educates users about the products and services offered on GPO Access through three primary means: training classes, demonstrations at conferences and trade shows, and the GPO Access User Support Team. During FY 2000 and 2001, GPO staff conducted approximately 25 hands-on training classes and demonstrations for Federal depository librarians, members of Congress, professional organizations, various other groups, and the public, both locally and across the country. The GPO Access User Support Team responded to an average of 6,100 inquiries per month, including approximately 4,000 phone calls and 2,100 e-mail messages. Due to the unique nature of the recent Presidential election, the number of calls and e-mails received by the Team increased dramatically, with over 10,000 user inquiries in December 2000. Many of the improvements that have been made to GPO Access are in response to feedback GPO has received through various channels. On a daily basis, GPO monitors user feedback about GPO Access from telephone calls, e-mail messages, faxes, and letters, which are directed primarily to the GPO Access User Support Team. GPO also uses more formal means of soliciting comments and evaluations. GPO has conducted Usability Studies, numerous User Surveys on both GPO Access and Ben's Guide to U.S. Government for Kids, and several focus groups and open forums throughout the country. GPO continues to improve and add to the services available via GPO Access. The future includes plans for new applications, such as a Statutes at Large application, and the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR) application. The GPO Access Web Committee has taken steps to apply new GPO Access Web Design Guidelines. GPO has also procured equipment and secured a location to conduct hands-on GPO Access training classes and demonstrations at the main GPO facility. OVERVIEW OF GPO ACCESS Public access to Government information has been transformed by an innovative information technology service called GPO Access. Established by Public Law 103-40, the Government Printing Office Electronic Information Access Enhancement Act of 1993, GPO Access offers free electronic access to official information from all three branches of the Federal Government. GPO Access allows people worldwide to access Federal Government information products electronically and to use those products without restriction, unless otherwise noted. It provides access to more than 2,200 databases through over 80 applications, such as the Federal Register and the Congressional Record. More than 130,000 titles are housed on GPO Access servers, and links are provided to over 94,000 additional titles from other agency Web sites, totaling over 224,000 titles. Many electronic documents, which are the official published versions, appear on the day of publication exactly as they appear in print. The immediacy of electronic publishing allows for pre-print updates to existing databases and the provision of products that lack a print equivalent. GPO Access has been carefully designed, developed, and implemented so that it is easy to access and use. Numerous search tools locate Government information products by topic, title, agency, or keyword within one database or across multiple databases. Links direct users to related databases in order to facilitate their searches and to highlight connections among information products. An electronic ordering mechanism allows for the secure online purchase of products from the GPO sales program. GPO uses GPO Access to make online Government information products available to Federal depository libraries and the public with the goal of widespread and equitable information dissemination. Its efforts include providing GPO Access training and user support for Federal depository librarians, Federal agencies, and the general public to increase awareness of the service and promote its usage; identifying and providing links to official Government information on other Federal agency Internet sites; making the information on its servers available to other institutions and organizations; providing bibliographic information, locator tools, and making this information available on GPO servers; and providing electronic information dissemination services for other Federal agencies. To service a large base of users with varying technological capabilities, GPO Access supports a wide range of information dissemination technologies, from the latest Internet applications to dial-up modem access. Methods compatible with technologies to assist users covered by the Americans With Disabilities Act are available. GPO is committed to setting an example for other Federal agencies by ensuring that GPO Access pages and hosted sites meet the accessibility requirements for electronic and information technology set forth in Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act. All efforts are being made to ensure that everyone can access and utilize all that GPO Access offers. In order to accommodate people without computers, more than 1,300 Federal depository libraries throughout the country have public-access workstations for GPO Access usage. This enables users to get assistance at the local level from librarians in using GPO Access. The system's ability to expand to meet the public's needs and to store information indefinitely supports GPO's commitment to provide permanent public access to electronic Federal information products. Recent statistics indicate that GPO Access averages approximately 31 million document retrievals per month, while helping Congress, Federal agencies, and the courts disseminate official Government information quickly, efficiently, and inexpensively. The convenience, timeliness, versatility, and simplicity of GPO Access have rapidly made it an invaluable public resource. GPO ACCESS LEGISLATION Summarized below are the key provisions of Public Law 103-40, the U.S. Government Printing Office Electronic Information Access Enhancement Act of 1993, which charged the Superintendent of Documents with developing mechanisms to enhance public access to a wide range of Federal electronic information products.<> Electronic Directory, Online Access, and Storage Facility The Superintendent of Documents is required to (1) maintain an electronic directory of Federal electronic information; (2) provide a system of online access to the Congressional Record, the Federal Register, and other appropriate publications, as determined by the Superintendent of Documents; and (3) operate an electronic storage facility for Federal electronic information. Collectively, these elements constitute GPO Access. Federal Bulletin Board (FBB) Senate Report 103-27 incorporated the Federal Bulletin Board, which existed prior to Public Law 103-40, into GPO Access. The FBB enables Federal agencies to provide to the public self-service access to Federal information in electronic form.<> Departmental Requests To the extent practicable, the Superintendent of Documents shall accommodate requests by department and agency heads to disseminate their information through GPO Access. In these cases, the publishing agencies will fund the initial publishing costs from their appropriations, as they do with current electronic information products.<> Consultation The Superintendent of Documents shall consult with GPO Access users and other providers of similar information services to assess the quality and value of its system, in light of users' needs. Fees The Superintendent of Documents may charge reasonable fees for the use of GPO Access, except to Federal depository libraries, which shall have access at no charge. <> If fees are charged, they must be set so as to recover the incremental cost of dissemination. <> Status & Biennial Reports By June 30, 1994, the Public Printer shall submit to Congress a report on the status of GPO Access. Beginning in 1995, the Public Printer must submit to Congress a biennial report on the status of GPO Access by December 31 of each odd-numbered year. This report shall include a description of the functions of the service, including a statement of cost savings in comparison with traditional forms of information distribution. Operational Deadline GPO Access shall be operational by June 8, 1994. GPO ACCESS OBJECTIVES To implement the legislative mandate, the following objectives have been established for the program. GPO Access allows users to locate official government electronic products available via the Internet and to order these products online. The product line includes, beyond legislative information, many important products from the executive and judicial branches such as the Federal Register, the Code of Federal Regulations, the Commerce Business Daily, and Supreme Court opinions, as well as Government Information Locator Service (GILS) records for a growing number of Federal agencies. The primary objectives of GPO Access are as follows: - Provide access to Federal Government information in electronic formats. - Provide electronic document delivery and online interactive services that are well-designed, easy to use, and available to the public without charge through the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP). - Provide access to Federal Government information that is official and complete. GPO secures the integrity of its databases to ensure against unauthorized changes in text or graphics. - Provide locator tools that assist users in finding Government information. - Assure access for a broad spectrum of users with a wide variety of technical capabilities both directly and through an active partnership with Federal depository libraries. - Establish and operate an online interactive service that is capable of rapid expansion to meet the needs of Federal agency publishers and public users. - Make official Government information available to the public without the re-keying of data when possible, and whenever feasible obtain the original document from the publisher in electronic format to help ensure the official nature of the document. - Utilize a variety of dissemination media and methods, including World Wide Web, bulletin board services and online interactive search and retrieval services in order to achieve cost-effective information delivery that is appropriate both to the type of information being disseminated and the needs of users of that information. - Ensure permanent public access of Government information made available through GPO Access and the FDLP via direct provision, the electronic storage facility and development of a distributed networked system of partner institutions. - Provide services to other Federal agencies on a reimbursable basis, to save time, money, and other resources. MEASURES OF SUCCESS GPO measures its online success in numbers and words-Web site usage statistics and verbal and written praise of GPO Access from award committees, Government officials, and general users. Increasing Web Site Usage Of the metrics available for gauging Web site usage, GPO uses document retrievals because they represent units of actual content delivered to users. Document retrievals indicate the number of downloads both of documents within databases and files outside of databases that have been identified as containing Government information content. The more than 26 million retrievals in October 2000 propelled total usage of GPO Access to over 1 billion documents retrieved since the service premiered in 1994. October 2001 produced the highest total month's retrievals to date with more than 36 million documents downloaded. Ben's Guide to U.S. Government for Kids, the educational component of GPO Access, has received nearly 10.3 million retrievals since its debut in December of 1999. Its peak was in October 2001 with over 875,000 retrievals. GPO recorded more than 355 million document retrievals in FY 2001 at an average of 29 million retrievals per month, an increase from an average of 21 million retrievals per month in 1999. This figure reflects more than a 25% increase over the total number of retrievals for FY 2000. The average number of monthly retrievals from GPO Access is currently about 31 million and the average size of these documents is currently about 49Kb. With 2Kb equaling roughly one typewritten page, the average size of a document retrieved from GPO Access equates to some 24.5 typewritten pages. In turn, the average number of monthly retrievals from GPO Access measures almost 1.5 terabytes in size and is equivalent to about 750 million typewritten pages. GPO Access Awards & Commendations The success of GPO Access is visible not only in usage statistics, but also in the numerous awards and commendations that GPO Access has received from organizations, publications, and other Web sites. In the comments that follow, the success of GPO Access in providing and promoting public access to official Federal Government Information is evident. In June 2001, GPO Access was recognized with an E-Gov 2001 "Trail Blazer" award. This award was given to Government organizations that demonstrated "exceptional [electronic government] solutions that merit recognition within the E-Government community." E-Gov.com is a government and technology portal that delivers Government services by publishing digital newsletters and holding conferences related to technology and government, such as E-Gov 2001. In May 2001, LibrarySpot.com , an award-winning library and reference portal, selected the U.S. Supreme Court Web site, which is hosted by GPO Access, to be featured among the best and most useful library and reference sites online. In March 2001, the Congressional Bills database on GPO Access was featured in the Legislative Branch section of GovSpot.com . GovSpot.com is a non-partisan government information portal designed to simplify the search for the best and most relevant government information online. Also, in March 2001, CBDNet was inserted in the e-government global portal . Egov.it was developed by a research team at the University of Naples Federico II, under the sponsorship of the Dipartimento della Funzione Pubblica and was launched in conjunction with the Third Global Conference on Reinventing Government, Naples, March 15-17, 2000. In addition, in March 2001, the FDLP Desktop site was featured on the Internet Law Web site under the heading E-Government Law Links. The Internet Law Web site is a portal that provides links to various categories of resources, including legal issues, Internet law, information technology, e-commerce, and e-government. In January 2001, the Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States database was included in the Current Web Contents Section of the ISI: Fully Integrated e-Information Solutions Site . ISI is a database that provides information in the fields of science, social science, technology, and the arts and humanities. Since its inception, this journal-based resource has reflected the strict guidelines for selection developed by the ISI Editorial Development Staff. In December 2000, Lightspan's StudyWeb , one of the Internet's premier sites for educational resources for students and teachers, selected the U.S. Constitution: Analysis and Interpretation application, available via GPO Access, as one of the best educational resources on the Web. Since 1996, Lightspan has scoured the Internet to select only the finest sites to be included in StudyWeb's listing of educational links. In April 2000, GPO Access was voted one of Library Journal's "Best Reference Web Sites" for 1999. In addition, in April 2000, Forbes.com mentioned GPO Access in an article about the "Best of the Web." Ben's Guide to U.S. Government for Kids Awards Ben's Guide to U.S. Government for Kids, the educational component of GPO Access, has received numerous awards and recognitions for its outstanding commitment to government and education. In October 2000, The Washington Lawyer, a publication for lawyers in the D.C. Metro Area, wrote, "of all the educational resources on the World Wide Web, this is one of the best for teaching young people about such things as historical documents, branches of government, how laws are made, the election process, and much more." Ben's Guide has received recognition from the following notable organizations: - Skewl Sites Newsletter - ConnectingStudents.com - SurfNetKids.com - StudyWeb.com - FirstGov - HomeworkSpot.com - Blue Web'n - Internet Scout Project - The Philadelphia Inquirer - American Library Association - USATODAY.com - Newsletter of the Documents Interest Group of Oregon (DIGOR) ACCOMPLISHMENTS Public access to Government information has continued to be transformed as GPO Access provides the public with electronic access to official Federal information. A number of new applications and improvements to this service have been made in order to facilitate continued use of GPO Access by the public. System Enhancements In March 2001, GPO began working with Akamai, a company specializing in Web site optimization. In order to deliver content faster and more reliably, selected files on GPO Access are retrieved using the Akamai global network of more than 8,500 servers. When a user requests an "Akamaized" file, the Akamai network checks for a cached version of the file on a server within the local region before retrieving content directly from GPO-centralized servers. Users downloading "Akamaized" GPO Access files and Web pages should experience an increase in speed and performance. Employment of the Akamai technology began with graphics files, the Supreme Court Web site and the Federal Register HTML Table of Contents from March 16, 2001 to April 16, 2001. Other areas of GPO Access will use the service in the future. GPO began monitoring the number of referrals to GPO Access from other Web sites in October 2000. The monthly referral reports are created by analyzing log files that record the URL from which a referred user was directed to a particular page on GPO Access. While referral log analysis was initially intended to gather referral information related to the launch of FirstGov, GPO has continued to review referrals in order to learn more about the broad array of commercial, government, educational, and military Web sites directing users to GPO Access. The referral reports are also used to examine the web traffic directed to GPO Access by registered depository Web sites. GPO continues to make improvements to its network in order to provide the fastest possible response times for GPO Access users. Until July 2000, GPO's bandwidth consisted of four T1 lines (each operating at approximately 1.5 megabits a second) totaling 6 megabits. In July 2000 GPO upgraded to a T3 connection, with a bandwidth of 12 megabits and the ability to expand to 45 megabits. On December 18, 2001, GPO expanded the bandwidth to 24 megabits, and now will begin preparing the infrastructure for a future increase to 45 megabits. The multiple T1 lines continue to be maintained in a backup capacity. New Features and Applications Since January 2000, a number of new applications have been added to GPO Access, several of which are listed below (for a list of most popular applications, see Appendix C): - The Davis-Bacon Wage Determinations database makes available wage determinations issued by the U.S. Department of Labor under the Davis-Bacon and Related Acts. GPO Access contains the Davis-Bacon Wage Determinations from March 2, 2001 forward. The Davis-Bacon database offers full search and browse features and is updated every Friday morning by 9:00 am eastern U.S. time. - Deschler's Precedents are the parliamentary precedents of the House of Representatives, compiled by Lewis Deschler, parliamentarian of the U.S. House of Representatives 1928 to 1974. These materials were prepared and published as House Document 94-661 in accordance with Public Law 94-551. Deschler's Precedents currently consists of 31 chapters arranged in the approximate sequential order in which they occurred in the House. Each chapter is subdivided into sections, which constitute the document level on GPO Access. All documents are available as ASCII text and Adobe Acrobat Portable Document Format (PDF) files. - The FirstGov search interface has been added to the GPO Access suite of Finding Aids to provide greater accessibility to Federal Government information. Designed to replace the Pathway Indexer, the agency search engine feature, and the discontinued GovBot, users may now search the Federal Government using the FirstGov search index. Users have the choice to search either the entire Federal Government or just GPO Access pages. - The Hinds' Precedents of the House of Representatives is the compilation of Asher C. Hinds', Clerk at the Speaker's Table of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1895 to 1910, early precedents of the House of Representatives, dating from the First Congress. These materials were prepared and published by authority of the Act of Congress, approved March 4, 1901. GPO Access provides the five volume series, currently consisting of 148 chapters, which is available as ASCII text and PDF files. - Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States is an official series in which Presidential writings, addresses, and remarks of a public nature are compiled. Currently, this database contains both volumes of President Clinton's Public Papers from 1993-1999. Previous and subsequent volumes will be added on an incremental basis. - The United States Code is the codification of the general and permanent laws of the United States. GPO Access contains the 2000 and 1994 editions of the U.S. Code. The 2000 edition codifies the laws that were in effect as of January 2, 2001. Currently, Titles 1-20 are available for the 2000 edition, with additional titles to be added when available. Previous supplements are available for research purposes. Improvements to Existing Applications GPO not only added to the total number of applications, databases, and publications on GPO Access, but also made improvements to the methods users can employ to find and retrieve documents. - In addition to the free, online Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), a comprehensive list of CFR Titles available containing order icons is provided to facilitate the ordering process for patrons who would like to purchase individual copies. This checklist is updated on a weekly basis. - The Federal Register 2000 database now contains documents with active links to Web sites referenced in the document text. The active HTTP-link feature will be added to previous Federal Register databases in the future. - A new browse feature has been installed to the U.S. Code which allows users to browse individual U.S. Code titles, down to the section level, for the latest available update. This feature consists of three levels, permitting a more precise and timely search. - The Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents now has a new browse feature, presenting publications from January 8, 2001 forward. - In May 2001, certain enhancements were made to the U.S. Faxwatch service. These enhancements allow Faxwatch users to request documents from the Faxwatch database using any messaging application program interface (MAPI), simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP), or post office protocol 3 (POP3) compliant e-mail client. Users may request any document on the U.S. Faxwatch Service by sending an e-mail message to USFaxwatch@gpo.gov. - In January 2001, the Federal Bulletin Board's World Group Server(tm) was upgraded to the 3.0 version. One of the main features of this new version is its use of the Dynamic HTML document format. Dynamic HTML allows for the presentation of file library contents in an HTML format that can be read by any Web browser. The file library listings are updated in real time and can be viewed immediately. Prior to this enhancement, any changes to the library structure could only be viewed after the bulletin board server was restarted. In July 2001, a second Federal Bulletin Board server was brought online as a fully duplicated backup to ensure continued availability of the Federal Bulletin Board during the infrequent periods of downtime for routine maintenance. U.S. Government Online Bookstore The U.S. Government Online Bookstore serves as the official online bookstore for U.S. Government publications available for purchase from the U.S. Government Printing Office. Available on GPO Access at a new and simplified URL, , the Online Bookstore links to the Sales Product Catalog (SPC), Superintendent of Documents New Sales Product Releases, Best Sellers, locations of U.S. Government bookstores, information about the U.S. Fax Watch service, and links to the Public Documents Distribution Centers in Laurel, MD and Pueblo, CO. Also, a group of Special Collections is available for customers to browse, including a list of CD-ROMs and other electronic products for sale, sales products by topic, the U.S. Government subscriptions catalog, a Regulatory Catalog, and a link to the Federal Consumer Information Center's Web site that sells GPO's products. Customers purchasing items through the online Sales Product Catalog (SPC) are assigned a unique GPO Order Number. Customers can reference this number when contacting GPO's Order Division with questions about their order. A detailed transaction receipt is provided after each order submission and a copy of the transaction receipt is sent to the customer's e-mail address if provided on the online order form. In addition, customers can now choose the American Express payment option when ordering through the SPC. A number of additional enhancements are planned for the Online Bookstore. These include improved system integration to provide the most up-to-date information and to allow for the fastest possible processing of customer orders; the ability for customers to select special shipping options, such as Federal Express online; and the capability for people placing foreign orders to see all price differentials. GPOLISTSERV Through the GPOLISTSERV, GPO users have a quick and easy way to receive up-to-date information on various resources available via GPO Access. Customers can subscribe to e-mail listservs moderated by GPO or hosted on GPO Access for other Federal agencies. Current lists available include the Federal Register Table of Contents and Merit Systems Protection Board Decisions and Studies Lists. The GPOLISTSERV is available at . New Titles by Topic E-Mail Alert Service The New Titles by Topic E-mail Alert Service, one service of the GPOLISTSERV, allows customers to receive e-mail updates when new publications become available for sale from the Superintendent of Documents. Anyone can sign up for one or more of the following lists free of charge: Business Publications, Elementary and Secondary Education, Defense and Security, Health Care, Military History, and Travel and Tourism. This service can also be reached via the U.S. Government Online Bookstore at the following address: . Permanent Public Access and the FDLP Electronic Collection For 140 years, GPO has produced, distributed, and disseminated Federal Government information products. One mission of GPO in the information age is to provide current and future permanent public access to electronic Federal Government information products of public interest or educational value through the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP) and on GPO Access. As directed by Congress, the primary method of making publications available through the FDLP is online dissemination. In accordance with this initiative, GPO continues to take steps to provide permanent public access to these publications. Ensuring permanent access to the broad range of products in the FDLP Electronic Collection (FDLP/EC) includes GPO Access databases, and extends GPO's responsibilities to include other Government information products. The FDLP/EC includes over 224,000 electronic titles, including more than 130,000 titles on GPO Access itself and more than 94,000 additional titles on agency Web sites to which GPO links through electronic finding aids. The FDLP/EC consists of the following elements, all of which are covered by the permanent public access initiative: - Permanent public access to core legislative and regulatory information managed by GPO on GPO servers - Permanent public access to agency information managed on behalf of agencies by GPO on GPO servers - Current access, via GPO's bibliographic data and finding aids, to electronic Government publications that remain on publishing agency servers - Access to electronic Government publications no longer available on publishing agency servers, utilizing archived copies stored at GPO or on partner servers - Tangible electronic Government publications housed in Federal depository libraries Persistent Uniform Resource Locators (PURLs) are assigned to all online resources that will permanently link to a document, wherever it may reside. PURLs are included in the bibliographic records for electronic items cataloged in the Catalog of U.S. Government Publications (CGP) available through GPO Access. Additionally, to assure permanent public access to electronic U.S. Government information, the FDLP is operating an archive of publications that are identified, described, and pointed to as part of the FDLP/EC, when these publications are not part of the FDLP in any other form, nor are they guaranteed to be permanently available by their issuing agency or entity. Users will be directed from GPO's finding aids to the server of the originating agency or entity for as long as the publication is available. At the point that a publication is no longer available from the source, users will be directed automatically to the FDLP/EC Archive, unless it has been removed for reasons of national security, classification, official or administrative use only, or errors in content. In addition to its archiving activities, GPO is actively working with agencies to ensure that publications on agency servers remain freely available over time through a variety of partnership agreements. For instance, GPO and the National Library of Medicine (NLM) reached an agreement that assures permanent public access to many of NLM's most popular and important titles; included in the agreement are PubMed and NLM Locator Plus, online resources that replaced at least eight titles formerly represented in the FDLP in paper or microfiche. For a complete list of partnerships, see the Other Partnerships section under Outreach. GPO's efforts in the area of permanent public access included initiating meetings with other Federal agencies, national libraries, Congressional staff, public interest groups, and other organizations outside of the Government that are concerned with the preservation of and access to Government information produced electronically. The Permanent Public Access Working Group has held a series of meetings in an environment of cooperation among those engaged in related activities. GPO has set up a public Web site on GPO Access that includes information about the Permanent Public Access Working Group and its members, its goals, and links to resources relevant to the topic. It can be found at . The activities related to the permanent public access meetings and creation of the Web site helped increase GPO's visibility in this area. Section 508 In 1998, President Clinton signed the Workforce Investment Act into law. This Act amended Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 to include accessibility requirements for electronic and information technology. Section 508 now requires that electronic and information technology used by the Federal Government, including their Web sites, be made as accessible for people with disabilities as it is for people without disabilities. The Federal Access Board outlined 16 specific accessibility standards implementing Section 508 as it applies to Web pages. The deadline for meeting these standards was June 21, 2001. Although Section 508 currently only applies to executive branch agencies, GPO is committed to ensuring that new and existing GPO Access Web pages along with pages on hosted sites meet the 16 accessibility standards outlined in Section 508. Therefore, GPO is currently working to ensure that existing pages on GPO Access and hosted sites are Section 508-compliant, and that future pages will be created specifically with these accessibility standards in mind. Authentication/PKI GPO is working towards using Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) to ensure that the files available on GPO Access were created by the appropriate authority and re-disseminated securely. Through PKI, documents submitted to GPO electronically will contain a digital signature verifying their authenticity and that they have not been altered. GPO Access users will be able to verify that the electronic file was created as part of the official process through the use of a free plug-in available on the Web site. Currently, GPO has a PKI infrastructure in place and preliminary testing has begun using digitally signed congressional bills. Interactive Training CD-ROM and Revised Training Manual A CD-ROM version of the GPO Access training booklet was released in August 2000. Copies were distributed to Federal depository libraries and made available for purchase through the U.S. Government Online Bookstore. The CD-ROM version provides an overview of the Web interface, instructions for locating and retrieving information, sample searches in popular applications, interactive elements (such as section quizzes and Web links), and videos that capture examples of document searches and retrievals. Also, an updated print version of the GPO Access Training Manual was released in June 2001. This manual replaced the June 1998 edition and includes an overview of GPO Access, searching strategies, application information, instructions for tracking legislation and regulations, ordering publications through the U.S. Government Online Bookstore, as well as sample exercises. Copies were distributed to Federal depository libraries and made available for purchase through the U.S. Government Online Bookstore. In order to provide the most current training manual possible, the manual and its updates are available from the GPO Access Help page to print and add/replace pages in the booklet. Updates are announced via various listservs, such as DocTech-L, GovDoc-L, Gateways, and DocWorld. GPO staff is currently working on production of a new and updated GPO Access training CD-ROM to replace the August 2000 version. Future versions of the electronic training manual will be made available online. STUDIES UNDERTAKEN In order to support and improve GPO Access, a number of studies were undertaken. The following is a summary of the findings. Search Engine Evaluations One of the most popular ways in which users find the resources available via GPO Access is through major Internet search engines and directories. Therefore, GPO is involved in an ongoing effort to improve the visibility of GPO Access pages in major search engines and directories. The project involves quarterly evaluations of the visibility of seven representative GPO Access pages in 23 search engines and directories. Searches were performed in each search engine using five keyword strings for each of the seven GPO Access pages. For each page, a title search was conducted, along with four other keyword strings based on the keyword metatags of each page, for a total of 35 searches performed in each search engine. To ensure consistency of results, identical searches were performed during each of the evaluations. The seventh and most recent evaluation showed an overall increase in the positioning of GPO Access pages in the 23 search engines studied. Top 30 search returns increased from 29% in the sixth evaluation to 33% in the seventh; top 10 returns increased from 24% to 25%; and top 5 returns increased from 21% to 23%. Of the seven GPO Access pages studied, five increased in percentage of top 30 returns and only two decreased since the sixth evaluation. These increases are signs that the various measures undertaken to improve positioning seem to be working. A description of these measures follows. Based on the feedback given at various Open Forums, the keyword metatags for the seven pages in the project were re-evaluated. The result was a complete revamp of the keyword metatags of these pages. A few specific strategies were followed during this evaluation. The first was the elimination of keyword metatags that seemed to be ineffective or repetitive. The second was to rank the keyword metatags in order of importance. Information gathered from various sources revealed that keywords at the beginning of a list of keyword metatags are considered more important and therefore be weighed more when that page is indexed by search engines. In addition to the re-evaluation of the traditional metatags, GPO is monitoring the emergence of a standardized set of metadata to describe online resources, one of which is Dublin Core. This is an initiative that is attempting to adopt a common set of elements for resource description. Composed of 15 different elements (i.e. Name, Author, Contributor, Coverage, etc.), Dublin Core is intended to be imbedded within the HTML metadata of Web pages, and has the potential to become the standard form of metadata for Web pages. For these reasons, Dublin Core has been inserted into the metadata of a number of GPO Access pages. It was also determined that manual URL submission to search engines was not effective enough to improve positioning. Therefore, GPO has procured a software package and has subscribed to a fee-based service to assist in the process of URL submission. The service submits ten GPO Access URLs to over 1,000 search engines on a monthly basis. The submission software is employed on a periodic basis. After the previously mentioned measures were taken, it was still deemed necessary to learn more about the rapidly changing field of search engines and directories. Therefore, research is being done through a number of channels. First, GPO has subscribed to a fee-based Web site that is maintained by personnel who are considered the leading information experts in the industry. The site provides information on how search engines and directories work, as well as the latest developments in the industry. GPO personnel also obtained information at a recent Search Engine Strategies Conference, at which personnel from many search engines were attendees and speakers. Based on the information gathered from these various channels of research, GPO has implemented a test of paid positioning on the popular search engine GoTo, which powers the paid listings that appear on many other popular search engines. These tests will initially focus on the U.S. Government Online Bookstore portion of GPO Access, the results will be studied, and a decision will be made regarding how to proceed in terms of the rest of the site. GPO will continue to monitor the latest developments in Internet search engines and adjust its strategy accordingly. Quarterly reports will also continue to be generated. Legislative Resources Comparison Report In March 2001, the third in a series of evaluations of legislative resources was conducted to further GPO's efforts to improve coverage of congressional and other legislative information on GPO Access. This report compares the legislative resources available via GPO Access to resources on other sites. This iteration was a continuation of the baseline evaluation in October 1999. This evaluation reviewed the congressional and other legislative branch information available through GPO Access and compared the data to other relevant Government and non-government Web sites. Three factors were analyzed: (1) what resources are available; (2) the scope of the resources; and (3) the source of the resources. To preserve continuity, the same sites were reviewed in all three evaluations to see if any changes had occurred, such as expanded years of coverage or newly added legislative resources. In-depth comparison and analyses were conducted on four Government Web sites: GPO Access, THOMAS (run by the Library of Congress), the House of Representatives Web site , and the Senate Web site . The same comparison and analyses were conducted on three commercial, fee-based Internet services: Congressional Universe, CQ.com, and Lexis-Nexis. The March 2001 comparison yielded these key findings: - Often, even if THOMAS, the House Web site, or the Senate Web site has a particular legislative resource, there is often a link back to GPO Access for other available file formats of a document. There are also disclaimers stating that GPO produces the only "official" version of certain legislation. - GPO Access is still the leader among the compared sites, housing 19 of the 22 legislative resources measured. - GPO Access has not added any new categories of legislative resources since July 2000; however there is now a browse feature for the United States Code, which increases the usability of and access to current legislative resources. - The Statutes at Large are represented as being housed on Lexis-Nexis; however, this is merely a table indexing the Public Laws. - Whereas the commercial sites appeared to be playing "catch-up" in July 2000 by adding more of the resources on GPO Access, no resources have been added to the sites since then. Therefore, none of the sites have gained any ground on GPO Access. - None of the sites houses all 22 legislative resources compared, but GPO Access makes available the greatest number (19) of resources. The tables below present a summary comparison of the number of resources on each service: GPO Access Compared to Government Web sites: GPO Access 19 THOMAS 6 House Web site 4 Senate Web site 3 GPO Access Compared to Non-Government Web sites: GPO Access 19 Lexis-Nexis 16 Congressional Universe 12 CQ.com 8 In comparison to other governmental and commercial sites, GPO Access continues to be the innovative leader and custodian of legislative resources, providing a high level of comprehensive, free legislative information to the public. To get the full report with full analysis and accompanying graphs and tables, please see . Click on Legislative Resources Comparison report. Performance Measures for Federal Agency Websites GPO Access Performance Measures were examined in the "Performance Measures for Federal Agency Websites" report, conducted by Charles R. McClure of Florida State University, J. Timothy Sprehe of SIMA Inc., and Kristen Eschenfelder of the University of Wisconsin, and released on October 1, 2000. The report was funded by the Energy Information Administration, Defense Technical Information Center, and U.S. Government Printing Office. The full text of the report is available on the Federal Bulletin Board at . The main objectives of the study were to identify the current best practices in Federal agency Web site performance monitoring, and to develop standard measures that should be used by Federal agencies to evaluate the services being provided by their Web sites. GPO Access fared well in the review of current practices, with the report suggesting that the strategy for assessing GPO Access "could serve as a guideline for other agencies in establishing or amending their Web site development strategies." PARTNERSHIPS GPO's partnerships with other Federal agencies and depository libraries save time, money, and resources by providing effective, inexpensive methods of disseminating information while eliminating duplicative efforts. The benefits of this type of cooperation are far-reaching, extending to the public, agencies that are directly involved in the partnerships, and the Federal Government as a whole. Client Agencies Internet-related services that GPO performs for other Federal agencies include hosting and maintaining agency Web sites, Government Information Locator Service (GILS) records, databases, and other electronic files. GPO Access currently hosts 17 Federal agency Web sites and databases of GILS records for over 30 agencies. Non-Government Partnerships GPO has agreements with depository libraries to provide online Government information content and services. These include the following: The University of Central Oklahoma (UCO) Chambers Library, in partnership with the Government Printing Office, assumed responsibility for the "Browse Government Internet Sites by Topic" finding aid in 1999. The UCO Chambers Library maintains this locator tool, a browseable list of subject-oriented bibliographies of Government Web sites, and coordinates volunteers from the Federal depository library community to develop or contribute to a topic on a regular basis. In August 2001, the Federal Depository Needs and Offers (N&O) online list service was transferred to the University of North Dakota, Chester Fritz Library, through a partnership agreement. The N&O is a tool used by depository librarians for collection development purposes, in which selective depositories seeking to dispose of publications withdrawn from their collections may list the availability of publications to other depositories. Depository libraries can offer their discards that are over 5 years old through the Needs and Offers site once they have followed their Regional's processes for weeding publications from the depository collection. This service was formerly provided by volunteers from the Federal depository library community. Partnership with the National Library of Medicine As a result of a partnership between GPO and the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the NLM has agreed to provide permanent public access to several of their publications. The permanent and free public access agreement allows these online publications to supersede several paper titles in Federal Depository Libraries: MEDLINE is the National Library of Medicine's bibliographic database, containing information on the fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, and the preclinical sciences. MEDLINE indexes articles from more than 4,300 international biomedical journals, and contains all citations published in Index Medicus. Bibliographic citations are available for publications from 1966 to the present. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus. The National Library of Medicine uses the MeSH thesaurus for indexing articles from biomedical journals; for cataloging books, documents and audiovisuals; for indexing the MEDLINE database; and for headings used as index terms in the Index Medicus. NLM LocatorPlus is the catalog of books, journals, and audiovisuals available through the National Library of Medicine. LocatorPlus also includes access points to other medical research tools. Other Partnerships In addition to NLM, UCO, and North Dakota, GPO has standing partnerships with several Federal agencies and educational institutions to provide online Government information content and services. - The DOE Information Bridge: A component of EnergyFiles that provides free access to full-text reports and bibliographic records of DOE research and development in areas such as physics, chemistry, materials, biology, environmental science, energy technologies, engineering, computer and information science, and renewable energy. This collection includes over 72,000 reports produced by DOE and the DOE contractor research and development community that have been received and processed by OSTI since January 1995. Users can search for and download information electronically. - PubSCIENCE: Allows users to search across a large compendium of peer-reviewed journal literature with a focus on physical sciences and other disciplines of interest to DOE. Searches return abstracts and citations for relevant articles from more than 1,000 separate journal titles. These abstracts and citations contain links to the publishers' servers, where users may retrieve full-text articles through a journal subscription, on a pay-per-view basis, by special arrangement with a publisher, or through a library or commercial provider. Unrestricted access is granted for the full text of some articles. - U.S. State Department Foreign Affairs Network (DOSFAN) Electronic Research Collection: Provides permanent public access to archived, electronic State Department documents made available through a partnership of the U.S. State Department, the University of Illinois at Chicago, and GPO. Other Partnerships - University of North Texas Research Collections: Provides permanent public access to electronic publications from disbanded Federal agencies through a partnership between the University of North Texas and GPO. Currently includes publications from the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations, the Commission on Structural Alternatives for the Federal Courts of Appeals, the National Civil Aviation Review Commission, and the Department of Transportation's Office of Technology Applications' Highway TechNet, among others. - Federal Agency Internet Sites: This tool allows users to search or browse a list of Federal agency Internet sites through a partnership between Louisiana State University and GPO. This list reflects the structure of the Government as identified in The United States Government Manual. - Documents Data Miner: Provides an extensive suite of tools for finding information in the List of Classes of United States Government Publications and other administrative files through a partnership of Wichita State University, the National Institute for Aviation Research, and GPO. - Enhanced Shipping List Service: Enables Federal depository libraries to generate check-in records and call-number labels for depository items through a partnership between the University of New York at Buffalo and GPO. - GPO has also signed a new agency permanent public access agreement with the National Renewable Energy Lab in Golden, CO. for their electronic reports. - GPO is in negotiations for an FDLP site for Census 2000 Summary files. CBDNet In August 1996, GPO entered into a strategic alliance with the Department of Commerce to develop and operate an online version of Commerce Business Daily (CBD) to be known as CBDNet. Through a collaborative effort involving virtually every area of GPO, CBDNet went live on December 6, 1996, receiving wide acclaim. Since then, CBDNet has operated in a consistently award-winning manner while achieving the original alliance goals of utilizing available information technology to create a system that worked better, cost less, and expanded the availability of procurement information. CBDNet stands as a lesson in cooperation not only between two agencies, but also within GPO itself. A recent change in the Federal procurement process will bring about the end of this successful alliance on January 1, 2002. After the CBDNet system is used by the Federal contracting officials to submit notices for publication in the final edition of Commerce Business Daily (dated January 4, 2002) the submission portion of the system will be shut down. All of the notices validated for publication in the final issue will remain accessible in the active database for the required 15 days, until they pass into the archive database and the active database will be shut down. The archive database will remain permanently accessible to the public through GPO Access. This will ensure that the public continues to have historical reference access to the procurement activities of their Government during the five-year life of CBDNet. While usage will not be as great as the millions of notices traditionally retrieved each month from the active database, usage patterns for the archive database prove that it is an important and necessary resource for GPO Access users. TRAINING & USER SUPPORT The three primary means by which GPO educates users about the products and services offered on GPO Access are training classes, demonstrations at conferences and trade shows, and the GPO Access User Support Team. Training Classes & Demonstrations The continued and rapid growth of GPO Access has translated into a number of requests for training classes and demonstrations to help educate users about electronic products and services. In addition, GPO has participated in many trade shows. During FY 00 and FY 01, staff from the Office of Electronic Information Dissemination Services (EIDS) conducted approximately 25 hands-on training classes and demonstrations on GPO Access for Federal depository librarians, members of Congress, and the general public, both locally and across the country. Recent sessions were conducted in Pasadena, Indianapolis, Minneapolis, San Francisco, and Atlanta. (Refer to Appendix G for a full list of training sites and conferences). By combining multiple activities in the course of one trip, GPO was able to maximize coverage of the widest possible geographic area with minimal costs. Consequently, GPO Access training classes are scheduled generally only in conjunction with trips where exhibits are planned at trade shows. User Support Team Users needing assistance with GPO Access can contact the GPO Access User Support Team. These highly trained specialists are available Monday through Friday (except Federal holidays) from 7:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. On average, the Team receives 6,100 inquiries per month, including approximately 4,000 phone calls and 2,100 e-mail messages. Due to the unique nature of the recent Presidential election, the number of calls and e-mails received by the Team increased dramatically. During the month of December 2000, for example, the Team responded to over 10,000 user inquiries. Despite this large volume, the Team was able to respond to the additional load in a timely and expert fashion. The Team may be reached via: E-mail: gpoaccess@gpo.gov Phone: 1-888-293-6498 (toll-free) 202-512-1530 (DC Area) Fax: 202-512-1262 USER FEEDBACK On a daily basis, GPO monitors user feedback about GPO Access from telephone calls, e-mail messages, faxes, and letters. GPO also uses more formal means of soliciting comments about and evaluations of its online products and services, such as user surveys and focus groups. Many of the improvements that have been made to GPO Access are in response to feedback GPO staff has received through these channels. Usability Testing In the ongoing process of gathering user feedback, two sessions of usability tests of GPO Access were performed, one coinciding with the Computers in Libraries Conference on March 14-16, 2001 and the other with the 2001 Fall Depository Council Meeting. The usability tests involved watching participants who use the site perform a series of scripted tasks on GPO Access. The participants were asked to perform tasks of varying degrees of difficulty within a specified period of time. These tasks assessed various areas of GPO Access including the U.S. Government Online Bookstore, Code of Federal Regulations, the Help feature, as well as overall site layout and ease of use. The testing sessions were videotaped for future reference and analysis by GPO staff. Usability testing continuously proves to be a very useful way to obtain direct, observable user feedback regarding GPO Access and its usability. One of the volunteers had no previous experience with GPO Access; the others had varying degrees of knowledge and familiarity with the site. The range of experience of the users gave a respectable cross-section of the average user. Many of the problems that users encountered have simple design solutions such as changing the icons at the bottom of the screens to be more apparent as to their function and use. There are plans for future usability studies for GPO Access, including a test to determine which search engines and search terms users employ to find GPO Access and its applications. More usability testing will be completed through partnerships with the library community. GPO Access User Survey On July 25, 2001, a User Survey was posted on GPO Access. It was the fourth annual user survey distributed in an effort to learn about GPO Access users, their usage patterns, and their opinions of GPO Access. By the deadline of September 30, 2001, 478 responses were received. Below, are some of the survey's key findings. - Personal Affiliation: Federal depository library (35%); general public (20%); government (14%); other (13%); academic/education (12%); non-depository library (7%). - Times GPO Access used per month: 10+ (36%); 0-2 (27%); 3-5 (19%); 6-10 (18%). - Gained knowledge of GPO Access: Federal Depository Library (24%); Internet search (20%); link from another site (16%); training class (11%); conference/trade show (5%); other (26%). - The most frequently used Finding Aids were: Catalog of U.S. Government Publications (21%), Government Sites By Topic (16%), Federal Agency Internet Sites (16%), Government Information Products For Sale By Topic (11%), Sales Product Catalog (10%), Government Information on Selected Internet Sites (9%), New Electronic Titles (8%), Government Information Locator Service (8%), and other (1%). - Percentage of the time users find the information they needed: 75%- 100% (46%), 50%-75% (32%); 0%-25% (10%); 25%-50% (8%); never (3%). - GPO Access Site Search page rating: Good (44%), Fair (28%), Excellent (15%), and Poor (14%). Ben's Guide to U.S. Government for Kids Survey In December 2000, GPO posted two user surveys geared toward assessing the effectiveness of Ben's Guide to U.S. Government for Kids and obtaining ideas for further development of the site. One survey was targeted to students from kindergarten through twelfth grade. The second focused on obtaining feedback from parents and educators. The survey was posted for two weeks, and during that time, over 1,000 responses were received. Key findings are summarized below: Feedback from Students: - 39% of the students found the site through a teacher and 43% through an Internet search. - Most students were in either grades 3-5 or 6-8. - According to the students, the most popular sections on Ben's Guide were branches of Government (52%), the election process (46%), and games and activities (46%). - 94% of the students found the sections on Ben's Guide easy to understand. Feedback from Adults: - 57% of the adults surveyed were teachers. - 56% of the adults found the site through the Internet. - Survey participants felt that the most useful sections were branches of Government, the election process, games and activities, curriculum links, and U.S. Government Web sites for kids. - The most requested features to be added according to survey participants were lesson plans, quizzes, as well as alternative versions of the site (i.e. print and online interactive version). - 96% of adults felt the sections on Ben's Guide were written appropriately for the targeted grade ranges. Focus Groups To further improve GPO Access, GPO regularly conducts focus groups throughout the country. These sessions provide insight into how people use GPO Access and how the various services could be revised, improved, and enhanced. Participants include congressional staff, Federal depository librarians, members of trade and professional organizations, private-sector employees, and other public users. All participants were uncompensated volunteers. In May 2001, the U.S. Government Printing Office had the opportunity to gather feedback from local students on Ben's Guide to U.S. Government for Kids. The focus group was conducted in conjunction with the Long Island Library Conference held in Long Island, New York. This was the first time a focus group was conducted about Ben's Guide. Three focus group sessions were conducted that included seventh grade students from Northport Middle School, as well as fifth and first grade students from Ocean Avenue Elementary School. The goal of the focus group was to gather information on the usability and curriculum appropriateness of the site, as well as technical and reading comprehension skills of the students. COSTS & SAVINGS Expenditures and Operating Costs The GPO Access system is much more efficient than originally expected and, consequently, has been less costly than originally estimated by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO). In 1993, the CBO estimated that creating and operating the online computer system would cost approximately $6 million in appropriated funds over the next five years. In addition, it was expected that provisions allowing free online access for Federal depository libraries would cost between $2 million and $10 million per year, assuming appropriation of the necessary funds.<> It was also expected that, beginning in FY 1995, GPO would incur annual costs of $750,000 to keep the directory of publications up-to-date and to maintain the electronic storage facility. The following table presents total GPO Access operating costs and capital expenditures for equipment and software by fiscal year. Operating costs include the recurring costs of providing permanent public access to electronic Government information products housed on GPO servers. Fiscal Year Annual Operating Cost 1994 $ 696,700 1995 $1,294,200 1996 $1,822,028 1997 $2,749,320 1998 $3,149,615 1999 $3,068,083 2000 $3,114,172 2001 $3,126,793 Savings and Benefits GPO Access provides a resource from which users can instantly access a plethora of Federal information free of charge, and it has resulted in cost savings for GPO by reducing distribution of paper copies. In order to meet public expectations for free access to taxpayer-supported information online, GPO Access has been available without charge to users since December 1995. GPO Access has been cost-effective by expanding public access for a much larger audience of users than was previously available through the distribution of paper documents. GPO Access has also resulted in savings for many other Federal agencies that have their web sites hosted on GPO servers. By placing their information on GPO Access, agencies reduce the need to expend additional resources and eliminate duplicative efforts. By providing this service, GPO is also saving other Federal agencies the time and resources it would take for them to house their own information. FUTURE OUTLOOK Many new developments, some of which will require additional resources/funding, are in the works for GPO Access. Some plans for Web site improvements and enhanced training efforts are provided below. Upcoming Applications GPO Access is currently working on creating a new Statues at Large application. The addition of this application will further enhance GPO Access users' ability to track a bill throughout the legislative process. In the near future GPO Access also hopes to add a browseable list of all Congressional Hearings. A browseable list will provide an alternative to the current Congressional Hearings database that utilizes a search function to retrieve documents. GPO is working with the Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration to provide an Electronic Code of Federal Regulations Application (e-CFR), that will be updated daily as opposed to the currently annually updated Code of Federal Regulations application. The e-CFR will consist of two linked databases: the "current Code" and "amendment files." The current Code database will be updated according to the effective dates of amendments published in the Federal Register. As amendments become effective, the changes will be integrated into the current Code database to display the full text of the currently updated CFR. For future-effective amendments, hypertext links will be inserted into the affected sections or parts of the current Code to take users to the pertinent amendment files. Currently, a beta test site of the e-CFR is available via GPO Access. Standardization of Web Pages The GPO Access Web Committee has drafted GPO Access Web Design Guidelines. These guidelines are intended to help standardize the publication of pages on GPO Access; specifically, the Superintendent of Documents home page and related pages. These guidelines will be modified as technologies and accessibility recommendations change. Learning Center GPO has procured equipment and secured a location to conduct hands-on GPO Access training classes and demonstrations at the main GPO facility. This new facility will help to minimize costs and leverage the use of available staff to conduct GPO Access training classes and demonstrations in the Washington, DC area. It is expected that this facility will be used to provide more training on GPO Access to the Federal depository library community, Congressional staff, and other Federal agency personnel who either work in or visit Washington, DC. XML Extensible Markup Language (XML) is an integral component of the transition to the next phase of GPO Access, an enhanced online service that will use standardized data structures to provide additional search and retrieval capabilities. Because the XML structure can be used from the authoring level throughout the publishing process from print and electronic products, regardless of hardware or software, GPO anticipates that it will provide more substantial savings in the Federal sector than the methods that are currently used. In addition to providing new search and retrieval capabilities, the XML database structure will permit: - Creation of databases at the authoring stage that are suitable for print, CD-ROM, and online publication, without data manipulation by GPO, allowing the same information to be extracted, reordered, and merged from structured databases. - Incorporation of data from one publication to another publication that has a different printed format without manipulation (e.g., incorporation of congressional bills into the Congressional Record or of Federal Register documents into the Code of Federal Regulations) - Submission of validated machine-readable data by publishing customers. - Automated composition or "printing on demand" of data that is extracted from electronically disseminated databases in the same format as the "official" print publication or in another format chosen by the user. Software Upgrade GPO is currently seeking a new build/search/retrieval software system for GPO Access. New databases that use this technology, such as the e-CFR, will provide numerous enhancements: - Daily updates to compliment existing WAIS databases - More numerous and specific Boolean operators to aid in query construction - The ability to search multiple specific sections in the body of a document - Enhanced ability to link documents. (e.g., direct links to originating documents in the Federal Register from e-CFR search results) Mirror Site Plans are under development for a GPO Access mirror site, to be housed in a geographically separate location. Initially, the site will consist only of two servers configured to provide offsite storage of GPO data. Subsequent to identifying, procuring, and implementing a replacement for the existing wide area information server (WAIS) search engine, appropriate hardware and connections will be moved to, and/or procured, and then installed at the selected location to permit data to be passed securely to the mirror site. Extensive testing of the transferred data will be performed before the mirror site goes live in a limited capacity. Once the mirror site has been operating at peak levels for data transfer, security, and performance over a predetermined period of time, GPO will explore options for its broader deployment. GPO ACCESS ALIASES The following list provides shortcuts (aliases) that have been established for various GPO Access applications to make the URLs of these applications easy to remember: - Ben's Guide to U.S. Government for Kids - Budget of the United States Government - Bureau of Land Management - Catalog of U.S. Government Publications - Economic Report of the President - Export Administration Regulations - FDLP Desktop - GPO Access - GPO Access Biennial Report - Locate Federal Depository Libraries - New Electronic Titles - National Commission on Terrorism, Countering the Changing Threat of International Terrorism - Office of Management and Budget - U.S. General Accounting Office - U.S. Government Online Bookstore WEB PAGE SAMPLES The following seven Web pages were printed from GPO Access to provide samples of its new format, applications, and other selected features. Note the standardized elements, such as the identifying GPO Access seal and text logo, the navigational toolbar and buttons, and the footer, on many of the new Web pages. - GPO Access home page - Site Search - Online Bookstore - Finding Aids - Federal Bulletin Board entrance page - Questions/Comments Page - Ben's Guide to U.S. Government for Kids home page APPLICATIONS ON GPO ACCESS This alphabetical list highlights the most popular applications on GPO Access. - Budget of the United States Government - Catalog of U.S. Government Publications - Code of Federal Regulations - Commerce Business Daily (CBDNet) - Congressional Bills - Congressional Committee Prints - Congressional Directory - Congressional Documents - Congressional Hearings - Congressional Pictorial Directory - Congressional Record - Congressional Record Index (CRI) - Congressional Reports - Daily House Calendar - Daily Senate Calendar - Davis-Bacon Wage Determinations - Deschler's Precedents - Economic Indicators - Economic Report of the President - Federal Register - Final House Calendar - Final Senate Calendar - GAO Comptroller General Decisions - GAO Reports - Government Information Locator Service (GILS) Records - History of Bills - House Appropriations Committee Hearings - House Journal - House Rules and Manual - List of CFR Sections Affected - Privacy Act Issuances - Public Laws - Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States - Sales Product Catalog - Senate Appropriations Committee Hearings - Senate Manual - U.S. Constitution, Analysis and Interpretation - U.S. Government Manual - U.S. Supreme Court Decisions - Unified Agenda (Semiannual Regulatory Agenda) - United States Code - Ways and Means Committee Prints - Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents STATISTICS Statistical tables, charts, and graphs are maintained on various aspects of GPO Access. Using these resources, GPO is able to analyze its growth and success, as well as to identify areas for improvement. The following statistical measures are included: - GPO Access Retrievals: January 1996 through November 2001 - Online and Tangible Titles Available through GPO: FY 1999-2002 - Cumulative Online Titles Available through GPO Access: April 1998 through November 2001 - GPO Access User Support Team: March 1997 through October 1999 GPO Access Retrievals: January 1996 through November 2001 This table presents monthly totals of document retrievals on GPO Access. During this entire period, retrieval rates increased by an average of 304,958 downloads per month. Month Retrievals January-96 1,956,342 February-96 2,012,502 March-96 2,137,143 April-96 1,947,847 May-96 2,215,555 June-96 2,531,586 July-96 2,430,186 August-96 2,324,419 September-96 2,427,999 October-96 2,880,998 November-96 2,395,494 December-96 2,415,385 January-97 2,813,440 February-97 2,619,294 March-97 4,016,934 April-97 4,549,420 May-97 3,932,660 June-97 4,110,850 July-97 4,674,970 August-97 5,055,587 September-97 6,513,672 October-97 8,195,747 November-97 7,296,710 December-97 7,052,557 January-98 10,532,326 February-98 10,208,373 March-98 13,509,763 April-98 12,350,215 May-98 11,401,457 June-98 13,811,171 July-98 14,295,713 August-98 13,388,403 September-98 15,195,765 October-98 15,516,955 November-98 15,187,908 December-98 16,227,813 January-99 18,218,948 February-99 19,136,768 March-99* 22,162,053 April-99 20,094,842 May-99 20,145,461 June-99 21,249,102 July-99 21,020,675 August-99 19,744,798 September-99 19,610,196 October-99 21,350,991 November-99 21,291,242 December-99 18,075,893 January-00 21,343,968 February-00 23,957,447 March-00 28,848,249 April-00 26,215,474 May-00 24,023,176 June-00 25,258,619 July-00 24,686,455 August-00 24,488,714 September-00 24,262,730 October-00 26,414,308 November-00 28,159,947 December-00 23,581,282 January-01 32,119,447 February-01 28,920,097 March-01 32,150,780 April-01 30,073,626 May-01 30,380,076 June-01 31,937,552 July-01 29,942,390 August-01 31,911,327 September-01 30,351,036 October-01 36,477,548 Total: 1,107,738,376 *Beginning in March 1999, retrievals of static Web pages were included in the count of total document retrievals, which previously consisted only of downloads from databases. While this addition does account for a significant increase, it should be noted that, prior to then, static Web pages did not comprise as much Government information content as they currently do. Online and Tangible Titles Available through GPO Fiscal Year 1999-2002 All numbers on this table represent the quantity of titles added or distributed for a given month. With the exception of the totals, which are calculated strictly with the numbers contained in this table, they do not reflect a cumulative count as of that date. Online Titles Month Titles on GPO Access Oct-98 1,783 Nov-98 123 Dec-98 189 Jan-99 135 Feb-99 6,440 Mar-99 1,894 Apr-99 2,142 May-99 976 Jun-99 1,444 Jul-99 1,087 Aug-99 1,043 Sep-99 629 Sep-00 1,172 Oct-99 1,132 Nov-99 1,668 Dec-99 229 Jan-00 396 Feb-00 748 Mar-00 1,036 Apr-00 1,139 May-00 835 Jun-00 1,207 Jul-00 1,377 Aug-00 776 Sep-00 1,172 Oct-00 2,010 Nov-00 656 Dec-00 560 Jan-01 1,207 Feb-01 1,129 Mar-01 3,694 Apr-01 906 May-01 1,322 Jun-01 1,056 Jul-01 977 Aug-01 925 Sep-01 793 Oct-01 917 Nov-01 1,075 Total: 47,999 Month Titles Linked from GPO Access* Oct-98 64 Nov-98 2,266 Dec-98 160 Jan-99 36 Feb-99 -1,949 Mar-99 102 Apr-99 123 May-99 99 Jun-99 99 Jul-99 13,017 Aug-99 80 Sep-99 69 Sep-00 2,170 Oct-99 2,750 Nov-99 53 Dec-99 6,047 Jan-00 52 Feb-00 54 Mar-00 48 Apr-00 62 May-00 5,059 Jun-00 71 Jul-00 4,093 Aug-00 132 Sep-00 2,170 Oct-00 3,485 Nov-00 154 Dec-00 160 Jan-01 426 Feb-01 105 Mar-01 86 Apr-01 124 May-01 100 Jun-01 97 Jul-01 143 Aug-01 144 Sep-01 2,606 Oct-01 6,355 Nov-01 139 Total: 51,051 Month Total Online Titles Oct-98 1,847 Nov-98 2,389 Dec-98 349 Jan-99 171 Feb-99 4,491 Mar-99 1,996 Apr-99 2,265 May-99 1,075 Jun-99 1,543 Jul-99 14,104 Aug-99 1,123 Sep-99 698 Sep-00 3,342 Oct-99 3,882 Nov-99 1,721 Dec-99 6,276 Jan-00 448 Feb-00 802 Mar-00 1,084 Apr-00 1,201 May-00 5,894 Jun-00 1,278 Jul-00 5,470 Aug-00 908 Sep-00 3,342 Oct-00 5,495 Nov-00 810 Dec-00 720 Jan-01 1,633 Feb-01 1,234 Mar-01 3,780 Apr-01 1,030 May-01 1,422 Jun-01 1,153 Jul-01 1,120 Aug-01 1,069 Sep-01 3,399 Oct-01 7,272 Nov-01 1,214 Total: 99,050 Month Percent of Total Titles Oct-98 36% Nov-98 40% Dec-98 12% Jan-99 6% Feb-99 64% Mar-99 33% Apr-99 36% May-99 28% Jun-99 30% Jul-99 83% Aug-99 29% Sep-99 17% Sep-00 71% Oct-99 63% Nov-99 48% Dec-99 67% Jan-00 18% Feb-00 24% Mar-00 33% Apr-00 38% May-00 77% Jun-00 39% Jul-00 77% Aug-00 34% Sep-00 71% Oct-00 81% Nov-00 31% Dec-00 31% Jan-01 58% Feb-01 50% Mar-01 67% Apr-01 51% May-01 53% Jun-01 58% Jul-01 58% Aug-01 54% Sep-01 78% Oct-01 84% Nov-01 53% Total: 55% Tangible Titles Month Paper Titles Oct-98 1,036 Nov-98 776 Dec-98 775 Jan-99 1,143 Feb-99 1,059 Mar-99 1,151 Apr-99 771 May-99 610 Jun-99 1,166 Jul-99 1,024 Aug-99 1,153 Sep-99 1,203 Sep-00 1,010 Oct-99 830 Nov-99 902 Dec-99 969 Jan-00 917 Feb-00 1,084 Mar-00 1,141 Apr-00 816 May-00 1,161 Jun-00 1,065 Jul-00 1,136 Aug-00 1,391 Sep-00 1,010 Oct-00 786 Nov-00 1,015 Dec-00 1,103 Jan-01 856 Feb-01 667 Mar-01 922 Apr-01 490 May-01 523 Jun-01 423 Jul-01 375 Aug-01 660 Sep-01 453 Oct-01 729 Nov-01 664 Total: 34,965 Month Microfiche Titles** Oct-98 2,176 Nov-98 2,756 Dec-98 1,704 Jan-99 1,640 Feb-99 1,464 Mar-99 2,827 Apr-99 3,208 May-99 2,166 Jun-99 2,362 Jul-99 1,799 Aug-99 1,526 Sep-99 2,112 Sep-00 333 Oct-99 1,372 Nov-99 906 Dec-99 2,040 Jan-00 1,073 Feb-00 1,435 Mar-00 1,046 Apr-00 1,073 May-00 547 Jun-00 858 Jul-00 494 Aug-00 306 Sep-00 333 Oct-00 439 Nov-00 604 Dec-00 316 Jan-01 179 Feb-01 425 Mar-01 708 Apr-01 374 May-01 612 Jun-01 347 Jul-01 326 Aug-01 131 Sep-01 265 Oct-01 438 Nov-01 283 Total: 43,003 Month CD-ROM Titles Oct-98 66 Nov-98 33 Dec-98 32 Jan-99 103 Feb-99 51 Mar-99 41 Apr-99 74 May-99 34 Jun-99 55 Jul-99 54 Aug-99 85 Sep-99 54 Sep-00 35 Oct-99 56 Nov-99 60 Dec-99 52 Jan-00 65 Feb-00 57 Mar-00 23 Apr-00 33 May-00 46 Jun-00 86 Jul-00 32 Aug-00 72 Sep-00 35 Oct-00 56 Nov-00 23 Dec-00 66 Jan-01 76 Feb-01 22 Mar-01 41 Apr-01 32 May-01 18 Jun-01 21 Jul-01 30 Aug-01 65 Sep-01 30 Oct-01 27 Nov-01 44 Total: 1,885 Month USGS Titles Oct-00 0 Nov-00 191 Dec-00 88 Jan-01 73 Feb-01 129 Mar-01 170 Apr-01 98 May-01 94 Jun-01 57 Jul-01 70 Aug-01 56 Sep-01 223 Oct-01 178 Nov-01 98 Total: 1,525 Month Total Tangible Titles Oct-98 3,278 Nov-98 3,565 Dec-98 2,511 Jan-99 2,886 Feb-99 2,574 Mar-99 4,019 Apr-99 4,053 May-99 2,810 Jun-99 3,583 Jul-99 2,877 Aug-99 2,764 Sep-99 3,369 Sep-00 1,378 Oct-99 2,258 Nov-99 1,868 Dec-99 3,061 Jan-00 2,055 Feb-00 2,576 Mar-00 2,210 Apr-00 1,922 May-00 1,754 Jun-00 2,009 Jul-00 1,662 Aug-00 1,769 Sep-00 1,378 Oct-00 1,281 Nov-00 1,833 Dec-00 1,573 Jan-01 1,184 Feb-01 1,243 Mar-01 1,841 Apr-01 994 May-01 1,247 Jun-01 848 Jul-01 801 Aug-01 912 Sep-01 971 Oct-01 1,372 Nov-01 1,089 Total: 81,378 Month Percent of Total Titles Oct-98 64% Nov-98 60% Dec-98 88% Jan-99 94% Feb-99 36% Mar-99 67% Apr-99 64% May-99 72% Jun-99 70% Jul-99 17% Aug-99 71% Sep-99 83% Sep-00 29% Oct-99 37% Nov-99 52% Dec-99 33% Jan-00 82% Feb-00 76% Mar-00 67% Apr-00 62% May-00 23% Jun-00 61% Jul-00 23% Aug-00 66% Sep-00 29% Oct-00 19% Nov-00 69% Dec-00 69% Jan-01 42% Feb-01 50% Mar-01 33% Apr-01 49% May-01 47% Jun-01 42% Jul-01 42% Aug-01 46% Sep-01 22% Oct-01 16% Nov-01 47% Total: 45% Month Total Online and Tangible Titles Oct-98 5,125 Nov-98 5,954 Dec-98 2,860 Jan-99 3,057 Feb-99 7,065 Mar-99 6,015 Apr-99 6,318 May-99 3,885 Jun-99 5,126 Jul-99 16,981 Aug-99 3,887 Sep-99 4,067 Sep-00 4,720 Oct-99 6,140 Nov-99 3,589 Dec-99 9,337 Jan-00 2,503 Feb-00 3,378 Mar-00 3,294 Apr-00 3,123 May-00 7,648 Jun-00 3,287 Jul-00 7,132 Aug-00 2,677 Sep-00 4,720 Oct-00 6,776 Nov-00 2,643 Dec-00 2,293 Jan-01 2,817 Feb-01 2,477 Mar-01 5,621 Apr-01 2,024 May-01 2,669 Jun-01 2,001 Jul-01 1,921 Aug-01 1,981 Sep-01 4,370 Oct-01 8,644 Nov-01 2,303 Total: 180,428 * The decrease of nearly two thousand titles in February 1999 is attributed to the discontinuation of the Eric Pilot Project. The increase of over 13,000 titles in July 1999 is due primarily to the addition of titles on the DOE Information Bridge. ** This figure represents the total number of microfiche titles produced both in-house and on contract. Cumulative Online Titles Available through GPO Access April 1998 through November 2001 The figures on this table represent the cumulative number of online titles available through GPO Access as of a given month. Figures were first available for April 1998. Month Titles on GPO Access Apr-98 67,342 May-98 71,064 Jun-98 71,176 Jul-98 71,511 Aug-98 72,589 Sep-98 83,394 Oct-98 85,177 Nov-98 85,300 Dec-98 85,489 Jan-99 85,624 Feb-99 92,064 Mar-99 93,958 Apr-99 96,100 May-99 97,076 Jun-99 98,520 Jul-99 99,607 Aug-99 100,650 Sep-99 101,279 Oct-99 102,411 Nov-99 104,079 Dec-99 104,308 Jan-00 104,704 Feb-00 105,452 Mar-00 106,488 Apr-00 107,627 May-00 108,462 Jun-00 109,669 Jul-00 111,046 Aug-00 111,822 Sep-00 112,994 Oct-00 115,004 Nov-00 115,660 Dec-00 116,220 Jan-01 117,427 Feb-01 118,556 Mar-01 122,250 Apr-01 123,156 May-01 124,478 Jun-01 125,534 Jul-01 126,511 Aug-01 127,436 Sep-01 128,229 Oct-01 129,146 Nov-01 130,221 Month Titles Linked from GPO Access Apr-98 42,204 May-98 43,150 Jun-98 43,582 Jul-98 43,722 Aug-98 44,117 Sep-98 45,281 Oct-98 45,345 Nov-98 47,611 Dec-98 47,771 Jan-99 47,807 Feb-99 45,858 Mar-99 45,960 Apr-99 46,083 May-99 46,182 Jun-99 46,281 Jul-99 59,298 Aug-99 59,378 Sep-99 59,447 Oct-99 62,197 Nov-99 62,250 Dec-99 68,297 Jan-00 68,349 Feb-00 68,403 Mar-00 68,451 Apr-00 68,513 May-00 73,572 Jun-00 73,643 Jul-00 77,736 Aug-00 77,868 Sep-00 80,038 Oct-00 83,523 Nov-00 83,677 Dec-00 83,837 Jan-01 84,263 Feb-01 84,368 Mar-01 84,454 Apr-01 84,578 May-01 84,678 Jun-01 84,775 Jul-01 84,918 Aug-01 85,062 Sep-01 87,668 Oct-01 94,023 Nov-01 94,162 Month Total Apr-98 109,546 May-98 114,214 Jun-98 114,758 Jul-98 115,233 Aug-98 116,706 Sep-98 128,675 Oct-98 130,522 Nov-98 132,911 Dec-98 133,260 Jan-99 133,431 Feb-99 137,922 Mar-99 139,918 Apr-99 142,183 May-99 143,258 Jun-99 144,801 Jul-99 158,905 Aug-99 160,028 Sep-99 160,726 Oct-99 164,608 Nov-99 166,329 Dec-99 172,605 Jan-00 173,053 Feb-00 173,855 Mar-00 174,939 Apr-00 176,140 May-00 182,034 Jun-00 183,312 Jul-00 188,782 Aug-00 189,690 Sep-00 193,032 Oct-00 198,527 Nov-00 199,337 Dec-00 200,057 Jan-01 201,690 Feb-01 202,924 Mar-01 206,704 Apr-01 207,734 May-01 209,156 Jun-01 210,309 Jul-01 211,429 Aug-01 212,498 Sep-01 215,897 Oct-01 223,169 Nov-01 224,383 Note 1: The decrease of nearly two thousand titles linked from GPO Access in February 1999 is attributed to the discontinuation of the Eric Pilot Project. There are no plans to provide permanent access to these titles at this time. Note 2: The increase of over 13,000 titles linked from GPO Access in July 1999 is due primarily to the addition of titles on the DOE Information Bridge. Note 3: The increase of over 5,000 titles linked from GPO Access in May 2000 is due primarily to the addition of titles on the DOE Information Bridge. Note 4: The Titles Linked from GPO Access is subject to change due to pending Department of Energy adjustment for DOE Information Bridge. The expected date for this change is December 2001. GPO Access User Support Team March 1997 through November 2001 This table presents monthly totals of phone calls and e-mail messages answered by the GPO Access User Support Team. Although the Team also responds to inquiries submitted via fax and postal mail, the figures for these submission methods are negligible and therefore not tracked. Month Phone Calls Mar-97 4,265 Apr-97 4,352 May-97 3,582 Jun-97 3,733 Jul-97 4,534 Aug-97 4,060 Sep-97 3,849 Oct-97 4,205 Nov-97 3,481 Dec-97 3,633 Jan-98 4,949 Feb-98 4,533 Mar-98 4,477 Apr-98 4,081 May-98 3,374 Jun-98 4,859 Jul-98 4,786 Aug-98 4,267 Sep-98 5,015 Oct-98 5,364 Nov-98 4,608 Dec-98 4,132 Jan-99 4,490 Feb-99 4,582 Mar-99 5,756 Apr-99 4,748 May-99 3,375 Jun-99 3,771 Jul-99 4,036 Aug-99 4,332 Sep-99 3,600 Oct-99 3,472 Nov-99 3,490 Dec-99 3,023 Jan-00 3,908 Feb-00 4,488 Mar-00 4,618 Apr-00 3,982 May-00 4,341 Jun-00 4,058 Jul-00 3,653 Aug-00 4,207 Sep-00 3,608 Oct-00 3,849 Nov-00 3,409 Dec-00 3,265 Jan-01 4,604 Feb-01 3,764 Mar-01 3,865 Apr-01 3,595 May-01 3,577 Jun-01 3,672 Jul-01 3,646 Aug-01 3,696 Sep-01 2,961 Oct-01 3,212 Nov-01 2,853 Month E-mail Messages Mar-97 1,583 Apr-97 2,127 May-97 1,793 Jun-97 2,039 Jul-97 1,444 Aug-97 1,686 Sep-97 1,816 Oct-97 2,225 Nov-97 1,788 Dec-97 1,469 Jan-98 2,293 Feb-98 1,993 Mar-98 2,201 Apr-98 2,404 May-98 1,609 Jun-98 2,178 Jul-98 2,298 Aug-98 1,924 Sep-98 2,699 Oct-98 2,879 Nov-98 2,428 Dec-98 2,166 Jan-99 2,263 Feb-99 2,088 Mar-99 2,551 Apr-99 2,342 May-99 1,673 Jun-99 1,748 Jul-99 2,013 Aug-99 2,036 Sep-99 1,804 Oct-99 1,911 Nov-99 2,085 Dec-99 1,554 Jan-00 2,279 Feb-00 2,439 Mar-00 2,546 Apr-00 2,086 May-00 2,378 Jun-00 2,131 Jul-00 1,913 Aug-00 2,200 Sep-00 1,836 Oct-00 2,222 Nov-00 2,512 Dec-00 7,259 Jan-01 3,209 Feb-01 1,840 Mar-01 2,202 Apr-01 1,411 May-01 2,216 Jun-01 2,238 Jul-01 2,304 Aug-01 2,103 Sep-01 1,920 Oct-01 2,087 Nov-01 1,927 Month Total Inquiries Mar-97 5,848 Apr-97 6,479 May-97 5,375 Jun-97 5,772 Jul-97 5,978 Aug-97 5,746 Sep-97 5,665 Oct-97 6,430 Nov-97 5,269 Dec-97 5,102 Jan-98 7,242 Feb-98 6,526 Mar-98 6,678 Apr-98 6,485 May-98 4,983 Jun-98 7,037 Jul-98 7,084 Aug-98 6,191 Sep-98 7,714 Oct-98 8,243 Nov-98 7,036 Dec-98 6,298 Jan-99 6,753 Feb-99 6,670 Mar-99 8,307 Apr-99 7,090 May-99 5,048 Jun-99 5,519 Jul-99 6,049 Aug-99 6,368 Sep-99 5,404 Oct-99 5,383 Nov-99 5,575 Dec-99 4,577 Jan-00 6,187 Feb-00 6,927 Mar-00 7,164 Apr-00 6,068 May-00 6,719 Jun-00 6,189 Jul-00 5,566 Aug-00 6,407 Sep-00 5,444 Oct-00 6,071 Nov-00 5,921 Dec-00 10,524 Jan-01 7,813 Feb-01 5,604 Mar-01 6,067 Apr-01 5,006 May-01 5,793 Jun-01 5,910 Jul-01 5,950 Aug-01 5,799 Sep-01 4,881 Oct-01 5,299 Nov-01 4,780 WEB SITES HOSTED BY GPO ACCESS The following Federal agency Web sites are hosted by GPO Access. This list-with links to each site-is available online at . - Equal Employment Opportunity Commission - Federal Labor Relations Authority - Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission - Merit Systems Protection Board - National Council on Disability - National Gambling Impact Study Commission - National Labor Relations Board - National Mediation Board - Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board - Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission - Office of Compliance - Office of Government Ethics - Supreme Court of the United States - U.S.China Security Review Commission - U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century - United States Commission on Civil Rights - United States Trade Deficit Review Commission GILS RECORDS HOSTED BY GPO ACCESS Databases of Government Information Locator Service (GILS) records for the following Federal agencies are hosted by GPO Access. This list-with links to each agency's records-is available online at . - Central Intelligence Agency - Consumer Product Safety Commission - Department of Commerce - Department of State - Department of Treasury - Equal Employment Opportunity Commission - Environmental Protection Agency - Office of Administration, Executive Office of the President - Farm Credit Administration - Federal Communication Commission - Federal Emergency Management Agency - Federal Labor Relations Authority - Federal Maritime Commission - Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission - Federal Reserve Board - Federal Trade Commission - General Services Administration - Government Printing Office - International Trade Commission - Merit Systems Protection Board - National Archives and Records Administration - National Commission on Libraries and Information Science - Office of Government Ethics - Office of Management and Budget - Office of Personnel Management - Overseas Private Investment Corporation - Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation - Railroad Retirement Board - Securities and Exchange Commission - Selective Service System - Social Security Administration - U.S. Commission on Civil Rights - U.S. Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board GPO ACCESS TRAINING SITES/LOCATIONS This table lists the training sites and conferences attended by GPO staff from January 2000 through December 2001 to educate users about the products and services offered on GPO Access. American Library Association -San Antonio, TX, January 2000 Department of State -Washington, DC, February 2000 Drake University -Des Moines, IA, March 2000 Conference of Black Political Scientists -Washington, DC, March 2000 Public Library Association National Conference -Charlotte, NC, March 2000 Depository Library Council Meeting -Newport, RI, April 2000 Texas Library Association -Houston, TX, April 2000 University of Wisconsin -Madison, WI, May 2000 Special Libraries Association -Philadelphia, PA, June 2000 Interagency Depository Seminar -Washington, DC, June 2000 Mississippi GODORT -Jackson, MS, June 2000 American Library Association Annual Conference -Chicago, IL, July 2000 5 State Depository Meeting -Flagstaff, AZ, August 2000 Western New York Library Resources Council -Buffalo, NY, September 2000 Fort Worth Public Library -Fort Worth, TX, September 2000 Federal Depository Library Conference/Council -Arlington, VA, October 2000 Legal Tech 2000 Conference -Atlanta, GA, November 2000 American Library Association Midwinter Conference -Washington, DC, January 2001 Computers in Libraries Conference -Washington, DC, March 2001 Depository Library Council Meeting -San Antonio, TX, April 2001 Long Island Library Conference -Huntington, NY, May 2001 Medical Library Association Conference -Orlando, FL, May 2001 Rollins College -Winter Park, FL, May 2001 Interagency Depository Seminar -Washington, DC, May 2001 American Library Association -San Francisco, CA, June 2001 American Association of Law Libraries -Minneapolis, MN, July 2001 University of Minnesota -Minneapolis, MN, July 2001 University of California -Northridge, CA, November 2001 Internet Librarian 2001 -Pasadena, CA, November 2001 Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis -Indianapolis, IN, November 2001 American Association of School Librarians -Indianapolis, IN, November 2001 GPO ACCESS OPERATING SYSTEM GPO Access resided on multiple Digital AlphaServer 1000A and 1200 computers, running processor speeds of up to 533 Mhz. Many of these servers contain integral Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID) units for high performance and high availability data storage. All servers utilize the Digital UNIX Operating System. The Web and application servers run Web server software created by Netscape Communications Corporation, while the database servers run wide-area information servers (WAIS) software created by WAIS, Incorporated. All of these servers are directly connected to a 100 megabits-per-second (Mbps) FDDI ring, which is connected to the Internet over a partial T3 connection provided by GTE Internetworking. The T3 connection, operating at 12 Mbps, currently averages 55% capacity during peak usage of GPO Access. GPO Access has backup systems, in the event that GPO experiences primary server failures or server shutdowns for routine maintenance. The backup systems are located in a secure, geographically separate GPO facility, and they reside on a 10 Mbps Switched Ethernet LAN segment, which in turn is connected to the primary service FDDI ring via a 100 Mbps fiber-optic uplink. Another backup/archival site, which is located in Kentucky, is hosted on an Alpha 3000/4000 platform running Digital UNIX. WAIS is the primary application in use. The 56 kilobits-per-second Internet connectivity is provided by the University of Kentucky. KEY TERMS Adobe Acrobat Portable Document Format (PDF): A file format developed by Adobe Systems for viewing with free Adobe Acrobat Reader software. It preserves a printed document's original appearance; achieves a high aesthetic quality through the use of text, graphics, photos, and color; and provides full-text search capabilities. It also is independent of computer platform and distribution media. For these reasons, it is one of the primary file formats on GPO Access. Alias: Web address shortcuts, also known as "symbolic links", that can be used in place of the full pathname. On GPO Access, aliases to applications were created to provide short, memorable URLs. Application: A computer program that serves a specific purpose or task, such as accessing the text of congressional bills online. On GPO Access, a single application may be comprised of one or more databases and/or Web pages. For example, the Code of Federal Regulations is one application that relies upon 150 separate databases per year of volumes, while the list of CD-ROMs for sale is one application that contains approximately 200 Web pages. ASCII Text: A file format that contains the raw data of a document without formatting, such as graphics or font formats (e.g., bold, italic, underline). It is one of the primary file formats on GPO Access. ASCII stands for "American Standard Code for Information Interchange." CGI Script: Common Gateway Interface (CGI) is a standard for running programs on a server from a Web page. A CGI script allows these programs to interact with a Web server in real time. On GPO Access, CGI scripts are most often used to retrieve information from a database and format it in HTML. For example, when a user submits a query to the Sales Product Catalog, a CGI script retrieves the relevant sales records from the database and displays them on a search-results Web page. Because a CGI script retrieves information in real time, it may return different results at different times depending on the update schedule of the database; some databases, such as the Sales Product Catalog, are updated nightly. Database: A collection of data that is organized for easy searches, retrievals, and management of its content. On GPO Access, one or more databases may constitute a single application. For example, 150 separate databases comprise each full year of the Code of Federal Regulations application. Dissemination: The act of making Government information products available to Federal depository libraries and/or the public, through either tangible distribution of those products or provision of access to them via an electronic Government information service. Dublin Core: The Dublin Core is an initiative that is attempting to adopt a common set of elements for resource description. Composed of 15 different elements (i.e. Name, Author, Contributor, Scope, etc.), the Dublin Core is intended to be imbedded within the HTML Meta Data of Web pages, and has ambitions of becoming a standard form of Meta Data for Web pages. Encryption: A method of encoding data so that it is unreadable to everyone except the recipient. This technology is used on the Internet principally to ensure private, secure transactions for customers who submit personal information, such as credit-card numbers, to product and service providers. On GPO Access, encryption is used when customers order information products through sales applications, such as the Sales Product Catalog. Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP): A nationwide, geographically dispersed system that consists of libraries acting in partnership with the U.S. Government for the purpose of providing free, local access to Federal Government information for the public. Depository libraries maintain tangible Government information products for use by the public, offer professional assistance in locating and using Government information, and provide local capability for the public to access electronic Government information services, such as GPO Access. This program was established under the provisions of 44 U.S.C. Chapter 19 and is administered by the Superintendent of Documents. Government Information Locator Service (GILS): A decentralized collection of Federal agency-based information locators that assist users in finding and obtaining publicly available Government information resources in tangible and electronic media. Through its GILS application, GPO is attempting to provide a single point of access to all Federal GILS databases. Government Information Product: A publication or other work of the U.S. Government that is conveyed in a tangible medium, such as a book or CD-ROM, or disseminated through an electronic information service established and maintained by a Government agency or its authorized agent, such as GPO Access. Host: To provide the infrastructure for housing a Web site or other electronic resource on a server. For the Web sites hosted by GPO Access, GPO provides the hardware, software, and communication lines required by its servers, but the information content is controlled by the originating agency. HTML: A file format that consists of ASCII text with tags that signal how an Internet browser should display the contents, which may include formatted text, graphics, and hypertext links. While the majority of Web pages on GPO Access are coded in HTML, the file format is increasingly being used for documents on the service as well. HTML stands for "Hypertext Markup Language." Interface: The means by which people interact with something, such as a Web site. On GPO Access, the word "interface" refers generally to a Web page's aesthetic and functional elements, such as text, graphics, layout, links, and search and retrieval options. Metadata: Simply put, metadata is "structured data about data." The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative defines metadata as "descriptive information about an object or resource whether it be physical or electronic." PDF: See "Adobe Acrobat Portable Document Format (PDF)." Permanent Public Access: The maintenance of continual, no-fee, public access to all tangible and intangible Government information products within the scope of the Federal Depository Library Program. Public Key Infrastructure (PKI): A combination of software, encryption technologies, and services that allows organizations to protect the integrity of electronic communications and transactions. Retrieval: On GPO Access, a download of either a document from a database or a file outside of a database that contains Government information content. Screen Capture: A short video clip of a computer screen that records both sound and action. On the GPO Access interactive training CD-ROM, these videos demonstrate how to use the Web site by showing the user every mouse click, scroll, and text input to make from search to retrieval. Section 508: An amendment to the Workforce Rehabilitation Act of 1973 that requires Federal departments and agencies that develop, procure, maintain, or use electronic and information technology to ensure that Federal employees and members of the public with disabilities have access to and use of information and data, comparable to that of the employees and members of the public without disabilities unless it is an undue burden to do so. Server: A computer dedicated to controlling network traffic and resources. GPO Access servers process Web and database information requests and store information for permanent public access. SWAIS: A system that allows users to search ASCII text files through an Internet telnet session or a direct modem dial-up session. SWAIS stands for "simple wide-area information system." WAIS: A distributed information service that allows simple natural-language input, indexed searching for fast document retrieval, and the influence of initial searches on future searches through a "relevance feedback" mechanism. Most of the Government information products on GPO Access are maintained in WAIS databases. WAIS stands for "wide-area information server" and is also the name of the company that developed this software. XML (Extensible Markup Language): A subset of the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) designed to be a standard format for exchanging structured documents and data on the Web.