Dixit, V.P. (1977). Action of monochlorohydrin on
epididymis of dog. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology
15(3): 233-235. ISSN: 0019-5189.
NAL Call Number: 442.8 IN2
Descriptors: castration, chlorohydrins, dogs, epididymis,
ligation, male, alpha chlorohydrin
Dixit, V. P. (1986). Antifertility effects of solasodine (C27 H 43 0
2 N) obtained from solanum-xanthocarpum berries in male rats and dogs. Journal
of Steroid Biochemistry 25(Supplement): 27.
ISSN: 0022-4731.
NAL Call Number: QD426.A1J6
Descriptors: abstract, oral administration, rats, dogs,
infertility, inhibition of spermatogenesis and sperm motility, solasodine,
plant origin, inhibition of testosterone release
Dixit, V.P. (1977). Chemical sterilization of male dogs: synergistic
action of alpha-chlorohydrin (U-5897) with danazol on the testes and
epididymides of dog. Acta Europaea Fertilitatis 8(2): 167-173. ISSN: 0587-2421.
Descriptors: animals, chlorohydrins, danazol, dogs, drug
synergism, epididymis, leydig cells, organ weight, pregnadienes, sterilization,
alpha chlorohydrin
Dixit, V.P. and S.K. Bhargava (1983). Reversible contraception like activity of embelin
in male dogs (Canis indicus Linn). Andrologia 15(5):
486-494. ISSN: 0303-4569.
NAL Call Number: QP253.A5
Abstract: In order to evaluate the long term metabolic
effect of embelin on the testes, adult male dogs were fed with embelin (80
mg/kg b.w. each other day) for 100 days. Loss in weights of testes and
spermatogenic elements was noticed. The epididymides were devoid of spermatozoa
but the functional morphology remain unaltered. 250
days of recovery period brings about normal spermiogenesis with all 1-8 cell
stages. Epididymal milieu showed functional physiology. A three tiered finding
accompanying histology, tissue biochemistry and blood/serum profile of dogs
treated with embelin showed that 100 days therapy inhibits spermatogenesis,
whereas 250 days recovery restores it. Sexual potency and libido of the animals
did not change. A reversible male contraception with the help of a plant
benzoquinone (embelin) is promising.
Descriptors: oral contraceptives, benzoquinones, embelin,
dogs, reversible contraception, males, testis weight, spermatogenesis
Dixit, V.P., C.L. Gupta, and M. Agrawal (1977). Testicular degeneration and necrosis induced by
chronic administration of cannabis extract in dogs. Endokrinologie
69(3): 299-305. ISSN: 0013-7251.
NAL Call Number: QP187.A1E53
Abstract: 1. Daily administration of cannabis extract
(12.5 mg/kg body wt. for 30 days) produced a complete arrest of spermatogenesis
in dogs. Distinct degenerative effects were produced in the form of extensive
fibrosis and exfoliation of the seminiferous elements. 2. RNA, protein and
sialic acid contents of the testis and epididymides were reduced after cannabis
extract administration, whereas, testicular cholesterol and enzyme phosphatase
were elevated. 3. Serum transaminases were slightly elevated, whereas the
alkaline phosphatase and haemoglobin/haematocrit values were in normal range.
4. Histophysiological examination of the liver did not show any damage. 5.
Reduced androgen production was reflected in low levels of sialic acid in the
testis and epididymides, and shrunken Leydig cell nuclei and luminal epididymal
epithelium. 6. In conclusion: Cannabis extract at 12.5 mg/kg body wt. dose
level did not cause severe damage to the vital organs but it produced an
effective inhibition of spermatogenesis in male dogs in 30 days and thus
induces an antifertility state. The possibility of an adverse effect of
frequent marihuana use on male reproductive organ functioning in man is
alarming.
Descriptors: inhibition of spermatogenesis, cannabis,
degenerative effects, anti-fertility state, animal models, dogs
Dixit, V.P. and N.K. Lohiya (1975). Chemical sterilization: effects of a single high
dose of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol on the testes and
epididymides of dog. Acta Europaea Fertilitatis 6(1): 57-62. ISSN: 0587-2421.
Abstract: A single high dose (70 mg/kg) of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (alpha-chlorohydrin) caused pathological
degeneration in the testes of dog when examined after 33 days. The seminiferous
tubules were depleted of spermatogenic elements. Epididymal epithelium was
regressed, the lumen was empty and the passage through the duct was unimpaired.
Alpha-chlorohydrin inhibited the synthesis of RNA and sialic acid of the testes
and epididymides. A single high dose of alpha-chlorohydrin increased the total
cholesterol/g of wet testis tissue which could be correlated with the
testicular atrophy. Antiandrogenic nature of the compound has been discussed.
Descriptors: chlorohydrins, cholesterol, dogs, epididymis,
leydig cells, male, biosynthesis of RNA, sialic acid, spermatogonia,
sterilization, alpha chlorohydrin
Dixit, V.P., N.K. Lohiya, and M. Agawal (1975). Effects of alpha-chlorohydrin on the testes and
epididymides of dog: a preliminary study. Fertility and Sterility
26(8): 781-785. ISSN: 0015-0282.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 F41
Abstract: Chronic administration of alpha-chlorohydrin (8
mg/kg for 30 days, caused lesions in the testis of dog. Seminiferous tubules
presented marked degenerative changes. Leydig cell hypertrophy was conspicuous.
Epididymal epithelium was regressed and the lumen was devoid of spermatozoa.
Obstruction of the epididymal lumen was not seen. Alpha-chlorohydrin inhibited
the synthesis of RNA and sialic acid in the testis, caput epidiymis, corpus
epididymis, and cauda epididymis. The total cholesterol per gram of testis was
increased significantly after alpha-chlorohydrin administration. The
anti-androgenic nature of alpha-chlorohydrin is suggested.
Descriptors: anti-fertility, chlorohydrins, dogs, spermatozoa,
drug effects on spermatogenesis, seminiferous tubules, anti-androgenic
Dixit, V.P., N.K. Lohiya, M. Arya, and M. Agrawal
(1975). Chemical
sterilization of male dogs after a single intra-testicular injection of
"Danazol". Folia Biologica 23(3): 305-310. ISSN: 0015-5497.
NAL Call Number: 442.8 F71
Descriptors: 17-a-ethinyl testosterone, intratesticular injection,
testes effects, RNA synthesis inhibitor, sialic acid depletion, dogs,
testicular atrophy, increase in testicular lipids and cholesterol
Fahim, M.S., M. Wang, M.F. Sutcu, Z. Fahim, and R.S.
Youngquist (1993). Sterilization of dogs with intra-epididymal injection of zinc
arginine. Contraception 47(1): 107-122. ISSN: 0010-7824.
NAL Call Number: RG136.A1C6
Abstract: Condoms and vasectomy are the only fertility
control methods available to males. Fifty million surgical vasectomies have
been performed worldwide. In spite of improvements in the surgical techniques,
the widespread use of vasectomy is limited due mainly to fear of genital
operation. Chemical sterilization offers a promising new approach as an
alternative to surgery. Fifteen sexually mature, mixed breed, male dogs, 2-3
1/2 years of age and weighing 22 +/- 1.8 kg, were divided into two groups. Five
control placebo animals were injected with 0.5 ml of saline into the cauda
epididymis, and ten treated animals were injected with 0.5 ml of 50 mg of zinc
arginine into the cauda epididymis. Semen analysis performed before injection
showed no significant difference between control placebo and treated groups.
The control placebo animals exhibited a significant reduction in sperm motility
one month after injection, which returned to normal within two months, and no
change in semen volume, sperm abnormalities, or sperm concentration analyzed
monthly for twelve months. The zinc arginine-treated animals achieved
azoospermia ninety days after injection. The dogs were sacrificed one year
after injection. There was no significant reduction of reproductive organ
weights of the treated group as compared to the control placebo group. Although
histological examination of the testes revealed normal seminiferous tubules,
there was atrophy of the rete testes of the zinc arginine-treated group and,
thus, increase in connective tissue. Histological examination of epididymides
of the zinc arginine-treated group indicated that none of the cells in the
head, body, and tail of the epididymis and ductus deferens contained sperm; 90%
of the coils were empty and 10% contained amorphous pink cell debris; the coils
decreased in diameter and were lined by cuboidal to columnar epithelium; no
granuloma was observed. There was no significant change in serum testosterone
level of control placebo and treated groups. These results offer the
possibility of a new method of permanent sterilization instead of surgery. Zinc
is considered to be nonmutagenic, noncarcinogenic, and nonteratogenic.
Descriptors: vasectomy, chemical sterilization, canine
model, reduced sperm motility, zinc arginine, permanent sterilization
alternative, serum testosterone
Freeman, C. and D.S. Coffey (1973). Sterility in male animals
induced by injection of chemical agents into the vas deferens. Fertility
and Sterility 24(11): 884-890. ISSN:
0015-0282.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 F41
Descriptors: cadaver, dogs, ethanol, formaldehyde,
granuloma, ligation, sclerosing solutions, sterilization, adverse effects of
vasectomy
Goodpasture, J.C., M.B. Hiller, B. Lewis, K.A.
Walker, and B.H. Vickery (1987). Same
day appearance of orally administered, spermicidal 1-substituted imidazoles in
dog ejaculates. Journal of Andrology 8(4): 230-237. ISSN: 0196-3635.
NAL Call Number: QP253.J6
Abstract: Within hours after administration of high
oral doses of ketoconazole to males of various species, the intact compound
appears in the seminal plasma, leading to immobilization of spermatozoa in
ejaculates collected several hours later. The present report describes in vitro
and in vivo characterization studies of several new compounds identified from a
series of 1-substituted imidazole compounds. Relative rank order of in vitro
potencies of the four compounds studied was RS-29984 greater than RS-90847
greater than RS-41353 greater than RS-68287. Oral administration of single
doses of these compounds ranging between 10 and 95 mg/kg, followed by
ejaculation of the animals at various times after dosing, showed that their
relative potencies for decreasing sperm motility were RS-41353 greater than
RS-68287 = RS-90847 greater than RS-29984. Four hours after animals were given
30 mg/kg of RS-41353, spermatozoa in the ejaculates had zero forward
progression within 30 to 40 minutes after the start of ejaculation. A
preliminary metabolic study indicated that the apparently greater potency of
RS-68287 in vivo than in vitro was probably not due to metabolic activation.
The androgen-suppressing activity of RS-29984 and RS-90847 was shown to be less
than that of ketoconazole. These data indicate that orally active inhibitors of
sperm motility that exert their effects after ejaculation may be feasible, and
suggest that this novel approach to male contraception warrants further
investigation.
Descriptors: immobilization of spermatozoa, male
contraception, dogs, ejaculation, imidazoles, ketoconazole, spermatocidal
agents
Gupta, R.S. and V.P. Dixit (2002). Effects of short term treatment
of solasodine on cauda epididymis in dogs. Indian Journal of
Experimental Biology 40(2): 169-173.
ISSN: 0019-5189.
NAL Call Number: 442.8 IN2
Abstract: Oral administration (80 mg/kg body wt/day for
30 days) of solasodine (extracted and isolated from the berries of the Solanum xanthocarpum) to intact dogs
significantly decreased the epithelial cell height of cauda epididymides. The
cells became atrophic and the lumen was devoid of spermatozoa. Castration
followed by the administration of solasodine further reduced the epithelial
cell height in comparison to castrated controls. Concurrent treatment of
solasodine along with testosterone propionate was unable to restore the normal
epithelial lumen parameters. Total protein, sialic acid, glycogen and acid
phosphatase activities were significantly reduced in solasodine treated cauda
epididymides. These result suggest antiandrogenic
potency of solasodine.
Descriptors: pharmacology, castration, dogs, solasodine,
anti-androgen
Koger, L.M. (1978). Calcium chloride castration.
Modern Veterinary Practice 59(2): 119-121. ISSN: 0362-8140.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 N812
Descriptors: administration and dosage of calcium
chloride, methods of castration, cattle, dogs, evaluation studies, injections,
male, testis
Lipatnikov, V.F. (1972). Khimicheskaya kastratsiya
zhivotnykh. [Chemical castration of animals]. Veterinariia 9:
82-83. ISSN: 0042-4846.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V6426
Descriptors: castration, chemicals, dogs, testis, animals
Note: Language of text: Russian.
Murty, T.S. and G.A. Sastry (1978). Effect of cadmium chloride
(CdCl2) injection on the histopathology of the testis and the prostate in dogs.
I. Intratesticular procedure. Indian Veterinary Journal 55(5):
368-371. ISSN: 0019-6479.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 IN2
Descriptors: toxicology, male genitalia, castration,
chemosterilants, male infertility, cadmium chloride sterilization, chloride
chemosterilant for dog
Murty, T.S. and G.A. Sastry (1978). Effect of cadmium chloride
(CdCl2) injection on the histopathology of the testis and the prostate in dogs.
II. Subcutaneous procedure. Indian Veterinary Journal 55(10):
815-818. ISSN: 0019-6479.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 IN2
Descriptors: males, castration, cadmium chloride, testes,
dogs, sterilization
Mushtaq, M., S. Kulp, W. Chang, and Y.C. Lin (1996). Gossypol inhibits human chorionic
gonadotropin-stimulated testosterone production by cultured canine testicular
interstitial cells. Research Communications in Molecular Pathology and
Pharmacology 91(3): 259-272. ISSN:
1078-0297.
NAL Call Number: RM1.R4
Abstract: Gossypol (GP) is a natural polyphenolic
compound that possesses antifertility and antisteroidogenic activities in both
males and females. The dog is highly sensitive to GP toxicity, yet GP's effect
on canine testicular steroidogenesis has never been reported. Thus, the present
study examines GP's effects on human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-induced
testosterone (T) production by primary cultured canine testicular interstitial
cells. After decapsulation and enzymatic dissociation of canine testes in
Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium with Ham's Nutrient Mixture F-12 (1:1;
DME/F-12) containing 0.1% collagenase, 0.1% BSA, and 10 micrograms/ml DNase 1
(37 degrees C, 20 min), interstitial cells were isolated by sedimentation and
filtration (140 microns) and then cultured in supplemented DME/F-12 medium (5
micrograms/ml insulin, 5 micrograms/ml transferrin, 5 ng/ml sodium selenite;
DME/F-12/S) containing 0.1% fetal bovine serum (FBS). FBS was used to enhance
cell attachment during the first 24 hours of culture. After 24 hours, the medium
was replaced with serum-free DME/F-12/S and the cells were cultured for an
additional 24 hours. Thereafter, cells were treated with hCG
(0.1 IU/ml) alone and in combination with GP (0.05, 0.5, 2.5 and 5.0 microM).
Media were collected for T radioimmunoassay and cells for protein estimation
after 8, 16 and 24 hours of treatment. Treatment with hCG
significantly (p < 0.05) stimulated T production over that of controls at
all treatment times examined. At 8, 16 and 24 hours, T secretion was elevated
from 0.91 +/- 0.25, 1.32 +/- 0.42, and 1.41 +/- 0.40 pg/microgram protein to
2.36 +/- 0.50, 2.84 +/- 0.60, and 2.82 +/- 0.43 pg/microgram protein,
respectively. At 0.5, 2.5 and 5.0 microM, GP significantly (p < 0.05)
reduced hCG-induced T secretion at 16 and 24 hours of treatment to 1.79 +/-
0.50, 1.62 +/- 0.12, 1.34 +/- 0.16 (16 hr), and 1.53 +/- 0.38, 1.43 +/- 0.11,
1.42 +/- 0.32 (24 hr) pg/microgram protein, respectively. At 8 hours, T
production was reduced by 2.5 and 5.0 microM GP to 1.08 +/- 0.55 and 0.93 +/-
0.61 pg/microgram protein, respectively. GP, however, did not reduce T
production to below basal levels. These results demonstrate the inhibition of
hCG-induced T production by GP in cultured canine testicular interstitial
cells.
Descriptors: gossypol, antifertility, antisteroidogenic,
effects on hCG-induced testosterone production, canine testicular interstitial
cells
Navarrete G, Y.M (1997). Castracion quimica en perros machos con
Digluconato de Clorhexidina al 3% en Dimetil Sulfoxido al 50%. [Chemical castration in male dogs with clorhexidine digluconate at
3% in DMSO [Dymethil Sulfoxide] at 50%]. Dissertation,
Descriptors: dogs, males, castration, chemicals, animal
husbandry methods, gonadectomy, mammals, sex, sterilization, surgical
operations
Note: Language of
text: Spanish.
Nshimura, N., N. Kawate, T. Sawada, and J. Mori
(1992). Chemical
castration by a single intratesticular injection of lactic acid in rats and dogs.
Journal of Reproduction and Development 38(4): 263-266. ISSN: 0916-8818.
Descriptors: dogs, rats, castration, lactic acid
injection, testes, spermatogenesis, androgens, sterilization, surgical
operations, urogenital system
Patra, S.P. and P.K. Bose (1990). A new approach for intraovarian
injection of cadmium chloride to perform mass sterilization in adult bitches.
Indian Journal of Animal Health 29(2): 115-117. ISSN: 0019-5057.
NAL Call Number: SF1.I4
Descriptors: surgical operations, ultrastructure, ovaries,
ovariectomy, surgery, dogs, chemosterilization, cadmium chloride
Pineda, M.H. and M.P. Dooley (1984). Surgical and chemical vasectomy
in the cat. American Journal of Veterinary Research 45(2):
291-300. ISSN: 0002-9645.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Am3A
Abstract: Ejaculates of surgically vasectomized cats
had spermatozoa as long as 49 days after vasectomy, indicating that spermatozoa
in the ejaculate from intact cats originated from the epididymides and vasa
deferentia. Intraepididymal injections of an aqueous solution of 4.5%
chlorhexidine digluconate into the caudae of the epididymides induced a lasting
oligospermia or azoospermia in 7 of 8 cats. Of these 7 cats, 4 were azoospermic
and 1 cat had no intact spermatozoa in his ejaculates 140 days after treatment.
The method of chemical vasectomy by intraepididymal injection of sclerosing
agents appears to be safe and may be suitable for large-scale sterilization
programs for controlling the growth of the feline population.
Descriptors: cats, chlorhexidine, comparative study, dogs,
granuloma, oligospermia, population control, spermatozoa, sterilization,
testicular diseases, testis, vasectomy
Pineda, M.H. and D.I. Hepler (1981). Chemical vasectomy in dogs
long-term study. Theriogenology 16(1): 1-12. ISSN: 0093-691X.
Descriptors: nonsurgical sterilization, chlorhexidine,
contraceptive, dog, population control, irreversible azoospermia,
intraepididymal injection
Pineda, M.H., T.J. Reimers, L.C. Faulkner, M.L.
Hopwood, and G.E. Seidel Jr. (1977). Azoospermia in dogs induced by injection of
sclerosing agents into the caudae of the epididymides. American
Journal of Veterinary Research 38(6): 831-838. ISSN: 0002-9645.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Am3A
Abstract: Injections of sclerosing agents into the caudae
of the epididymides of adult and prepubertal dogs induced a long-lasting and
probably irreversible azoospermia. The technique is easy to do and inexpensive,
does not seem to cause undesirable side effects, and appears suitable for
large-scale sterilization programs in male dogs.
Descriptors: chlorhexidine, dimethyl sulfoxide, dogs,
ejaculation, epididymis, formaldehyde, sclerosing solutions, semen,
spermatozoa, sterilization
Rodaski, S., R.R.
Descriptors: chemosterilants, epididymis, epinephrine,
male fertility, spermatozoa, sterilization, toxicity, dogs
Samanta, P.K. (1998). Chemosterilization of stray
dogs. Indian Journal of Animal Health 37(1): 61-62. ISSN: 0019-5057.
NAL Call Number: SF1.I4
Descriptors:
sterilization, calcium chloride, testes, histology, morphology,
seminiferous tubules, interstitial cells, parenchyma, dogs
Wang, W.C., R.F. Lu, S.X. Zhao, and Y.Z. Zhu (1982). [Antifertility effect of
pseudolaric acid B]. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 3(3):
188-192. ISSN: 0253-9756.
Descriptors: plant extracts, pregnancy, animal drug
effects, castration, dogs, chemically induced fetal death, mice, progesterone,
rabbits, rats
Note: Language of text: Chinese.