May 2003 Metropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates

Youngstown-Warren, OH MSA


For metropolitan area definitions used by the OES survey, see the MSA definitions page.

These estimates are calculated with data collected from employers in all industry sectors in the Youngstown-Warren, OH MSA, a metropolitan statistical area in Ohio. These and other data elements, including the 10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th percentile wages are available in the downloadable Excel files (XLS).

Links to OES estimates for other areas and States

SOC Major Groups in the Youngstown-Warren, OH MSA:

Click on the SOC code number to view an occupational profile.

All Occupations
Wage Estimates
SOC Code Number Occupation Title Employment (1) Median Hourly Mean Hourly Mean Annual (2) Mean RSE (3)
00-0000 All Occupations 225,580 $12.62 $15.58 $32,410 2.2 %
 
 
Management Occupations
Wage Estimates
SOC Code Number Occupation Title Employment (1) Median Hourly Mean Hourly Mean Annual (2) Mean RSE (3)
11-0000 Management Occupations 9,140 $29.77 $35.42 $73,680 1.5 %
  11-1011 Chief Executives 570 $54.62 $63.17 $131,390 3.3 %
  11-1021 General and Operations Managers 3,170 $31.53 $38.12 $79,290 2.6 %
  11-2011 Advertising and Promotions Managers 70 $21.85 $32.14 $66,850 23.5 %
  11-2021 Marketing Managers 90 $35.10 $36.56 $76,050 5.3 %
  11-2022 Sales Managers 220 $28.42 $34.51 $71,780 5.1 %
  11-2031 Public Relations Managers 40 $26.32 $30.93 $64,340 10.4 %
  11-3011 Administrative Services Managers 220 $24.34 $27.17 $56,510 4.6 %
  11-3021 Computer and Information Systems Managers 210 $30.09 $30.87 $64,220 4.2 %
  11-3031 Financial Managers 530 $31.67 $38.20 $79,460 4.3 %
  11-3040 Human Resources Managers 190 $28.31 $30.91 $64,290 4.3 %
  11-3051 Industrial Production Managers 490 $33.25 $34.52 $71,810 6.4 %
  11-3061 Purchasing Managers 110 $28.18 $30.77 $64,010 6.1 %
  11-3071 Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers 110 $29.35 $29.70 $61,780 3.7 %
  11-9021 Construction Managers 260 $29.19 $35.35 $73,520 6.4 %
  11-9031 Education Administrators, Preschool and Child Care Center/Program 110 $13.59 $15.81 $32,880 8.4 %
  11-9032 Education Administrators, Elementary and Secondary School 540 (4) (4) $64,100 3.2 %
  11-9033 Education Administrators, Postsecondary 90 $32.80 $38.43 $79,930 5.4 %
  11-9041 Engineering Managers 230 $38.32 $39.57 $82,310 3.4 %
  11-9051 Food Service Managers 540 $15.28 $15.88 $33,040 3.7 %
  11-9061 Funeral Directors 100 $21.58 $23.77 $49,430 6.3 %
  11-9111 Medical and Health Services Managers 510 $27.90 $33.21 $69,070 5.3 %
  11-9131 Postmasters and Mail Superintendents 60 $24.97 $25.21 $52,430 1.5 %
  11-9141 Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers 50 $42.83 $40.46 $84,150 8.5 %
  11-9151 Social and Community Service Managers 130 $20.84 $21.55 $44,830 3.3 %
 
Business and Financial Operations Occupations
Wage Estimates
SOC Code Number Occupation Title Employment (1) Median Hourly Mean Hourly Mean Annual (2) Mean RSE (3)
13-0000 Business and Financial Operations Occupations 5,900 $19.76 $22.04 $45,840 3.8 %
  13-1022 Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products 210 $17.68 $18.67 $38,820 6.9 %
  13-1023 Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products 300 $20.36 $22.22 $46,210 5.1 %
  13-1031 Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators 260 $16.20 $19.12 $39,770 13.1 %
  13-1041 Compliance Officers, Except Agriculture, Construction, Health and Safety, and Transportation 150 $22.01 $21.79 $45,320 5.3 %
  13-1051 Cost Estimators 440 $19.98 $22.23 $46,230 4.7 %
  13-1071 Employment, Recruitment, and Placement Specialists 150 $15.81 $17.41 $36,220 5.2 %
  13-1072 Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists 90 $19.29 $21.02 $43,720 3.3 %
  13-1073 Training and Development Specialists 230 $19.98 $20.94 $43,550 4.2 %
  13-1111 Management Analysts 70 $27.52 $36.09 $75,060 22.7 %
  13-2011 Accountants and Auditors 1,190 $22.88 $25.72 $53,500 2.9 %
  13-2021 Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate (6) $23.11 $22.79 $47,390 4.5 %
  13-2041 Credit Analysts 40 $19.72 $22.51 $46,820 7.1 %
  13-2051 Financial Analysts 60 $26.73 $27.19 $56,550 10.2 %
  13-2052 Personal Financial Advisors (6) (5) $72.23 $150,240 23.4 %
  13-2072 Loan Officers 340 $19.25 $23.05 $47,950 6.9 %
  13-2081 Tax Examiners, Collectors, and Revenue Agents 80 $22.06 $23.11 $48,060 5.8 %
  13-2082 Tax Preparers 110 $15.25 $14.70 $30,580 5.7 %
 
Computer and Mathematical Science Occupations
Wage Estimates
SOC Code Number Occupation Title Employment (1) Median Hourly Mean Hourly Mean Annual (2) Mean RSE (3)
15-0000 Computer and Mathematical Science Occupations 2,390 $24.06 $25.34 $52,700 3.5 %
  15-1021 Computer Programmers 600 $22.21 $23.79 $49,480 4.3 %
  15-1031 Computer Software Engineers, Applications (6) $34.41 $35.50 $73,840 2.4 %
  15-1032 Computer Software Engineers, Systems Software 30 $37.70 $37.42 $77,830 4.9 %
  15-1041 Computer Support Specialists 350 $16.32 $18.67 $38,840 7.9 %
  15-1051 Computer Systems Analysts 320 $26.15 $30.33 $63,090 6.4 %
  15-1061 Database Administrators (6) $30.25 $29.81 $62,000 3.1 %
  15-1071 Network and Computer Systems Administrators 270 $23.87 $24.23 $50,400 5.5 %
  15-1081 Network Systems and Data Communications Analysts (6) $19.85 $20.53 $42,710 2.6 %
 
Architecture and Engineering Occupations
Wage Estimates
SOC Code Number Occupation Title Employment (1) Median Hourly Mean Hourly Mean Annual (2) Mean RSE (3)
17-0000 Architecture and Engineering Occupations 2,340 $24.11 $24.78 $51,550 3.1 %
  17-1011 Architects, Except Landscape and Naval 90 $27.01 $27.49 $57,170 7.7 %
  17-1022 Surveyors 90 $16.19 $17.28 $35,930 6.6 %
  17-2051 Civil Engineers 110 $29.08 $30.05 $62,500 3.4 %
  17-2071 Electrical Engineers 140 $24.44 $25.37 $52,780 3.1 %
  17-2072 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 70 $27.45 $28.73 $59,760 3.7 %
  17-2112 Industrial Engineers 430 $32.09 $31.52 $65,570 2.5 %
  17-2131 Materials Engineers 90 $26.48 $26.41 $54,940 3.4 %
  17-2141 Mechanical Engineers 260 $24.57 $26.17 $54,430 2.8 %
  17-3011 Architectural and Civil Drafters 90 $18.86 $19.47 $40,490 4.0 %
  17-3012 Electrical and Electronics Drafters 70 $15.25 $16.10 $33,490 5.4 %
  17-3013 Mechanical Drafters 170 $15.70 $17.25 $35,880 5.1 %
  17-3022 Civil Engineering Technicians 120 $19.33 $19.54 $40,640 3.9 %
  17-3023 Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technicians 110 $17.95 $19.07 $39,660 3.2 %
  17-3026 Industrial Engineering Technicians 80 $17.92 $18.46 $38,410 3.6 %
  17-3027 Mechanical Engineering Technicians 60 $19.68 $19.49 $40,550 4.2 %
  17-3031 Surveying and Mapping Technicians 40 $14.90 $15.87 $33,000 9.3 %
 
Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations
Wage Estimates
SOC Code Number Occupation Title Employment (1) Median Hourly Mean Hourly Mean Annual (2) Mean RSE (3)
19-0000 Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations 570 $21.82 $22.73 $47,270 3.6 %
  19-2031 Chemists (6) $16.24 $18.94 $39,400 4.2 %
  19-3021 Market Research Analysts 70 $23.63 $28.67 $59,640 9.1 %
  19-3031 Clinical, Counseling, and School Psychologists 160 $26.45 $27.26 $56,700 6.8 %
 
Community and Social Services Occupations
Wage Estimates
SOC Code Number Occupation Title Employment (1) Median Hourly Mean Hourly Mean Annual (2) Mean RSE (3)
21-0000 Community and Social Services Occupations 2,300 $15.64 $16.52 $34,350 2.4 %
  21-1011 Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors 60 $13.65 $14.24 $29,630 3.3 %
  21-1012 Educational, Vocational, and School Counselors 410 $22.03 $21.25 $44,210 4.7 %
  21-1014 Mental Health Counselors 150 $16.01 $17.03 $35,420 4.3 %
  21-1021 Child, Family, and School Social Workers 400 $15.12 $15.20 $31,610 3.4 %
  21-1022 Medical and Public Health Social Workers 270 $16.14 $16.42 $34,160 2.7 %
  21-1023 Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers 240 $15.00 $15.26 $31,740 4.5 %
  21-1093 Social and Human Service Assistants 240 $9.15 $10.28 $21,390 4.1 %
  21-2011 Clergy 90 $13.59 $15.15 $31,500 4.6 %
 
Legal Occupations
Wage Estimates
SOC Code Number Occupation Title Employment (1) Median Hourly Mean Hourly Mean Annual (2) Mean RSE (3)
23-0000 Legal Occupations 1,060 $25.83 $30.55 $63,550 8.2 %
  23-1011 Lawyers 590 $32.91 $40.13 $83,480 7.6 %
  23-2011 Paralegals and Legal Assistants 100 $15.73 $15.93 $33,140 4.0 %
  23-2092 Law Clerks (6) $14.69 $13.95 $29,010 14.1 %
  23-2093 Title Examiners, Abstractors, and Searchers 40 $10.44 $10.91 $22,700 5.1 %
 
Education, Training, and Library Occupations
Wage Estimates
SOC Code Number Occupation Title Employment (1) Median Hourly Mean Hourly Mean Annual (2) Mean RSE (3)
25-0000 Education, Training, and Library Occupations 13,500 $17.91 $17.97 $37,380 2.7 %
  25-1011 Business Teachers, Postsecondary 110 (4) (4) $62,200 19.0 %
  25-1021 Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary 50 (4) (4) $51,190 20.1 %
  25-1022 Mathematical Science Teachers, Postsecondary 60 (4) (4) $51,240 18.9 %
  25-1042 Biological Science Teachers, Postsecondary 30 (4) (4) $52,370 9.6 %
  25-1052 Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary 30 (4) (4) $56,330 6.1 %
  25-1066 Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary 50 (4) (4) $54,270 13.9 %
  25-1072 Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary 100 (4) (4) $50,090 9.8 %
  25-1081 Education Teachers, Postsecondary 70 (4) (4) $53,950 6.4 %
  25-1121 Art, Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary 100 (4) (4) $53,890 5.8 %
  25-1124 Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary 30 (4) (4) $43,120 16.8 %
  25-1125 History Teachers, Postsecondary 30 (4) (4) $61,940 10.6 %
  25-1194 Vocational Education Teachers, Postsecondary 110 $15.54 $15.64 $32,520 5.4 %
  25-2011 Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education 540 $7.86 $8.41 $17,490 5.6 %
  25-2012 Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education 290 (4) (4) $41,480 1.8 %
  25-2021 Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education 2,200 (4) (4) $40,650 2.5 %
  25-2022 Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Vocational Education 1,140 (4) (4) $42,060 1.4 %
  25-2023 Vocational Education Teachers, Middle School 40 (4) (4) $43,400 4.1 %
  25-2031 Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Vocational Education 2,100 (4) (4) $42,410 1.7 %
  25-2032 Vocational Education Teachers, Secondary School 350 (4) (4) $47,010 2.7 %
  25-2041 Special Education Teachers, Preschool, Kindergarten, and Elementary School 630 (4) (4) $41,710 1.6 %
  25-2042 Special Education Teachers, Middle School 270 (4) (4) $40,500 1.4 %
  25-2043 Special Education Teachers, Secondary School 410 (4) (4) $40,450 3.9 %
  25-3011 Adult Literacy, Remedial Education, and Ged Teachers and Instructors 70 $13.92 $15.44 $32,120 5.9 %
  25-3021 Self-Enrichment Education Teachers 170 $10.51 $11.38 $23,670 4.4 %
  25-4021 Librarians 510 $20.91 $20.70 $43,060 2.8 %
  25-4031 Library Technicians 630 $13.05 $14.74 $30,660 11.6 %
  25-9031 Instructional Coordinators 210 $23.21 $22.75 $47,310 3.4 %
  25-9041 Teacher Assistants 1,240 (4) (4) $18,070 2.7 %
 
Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations
Wage Estimates
SOC Code Number Occupation Title Employment (1) Median Hourly Mean Hourly Mean Annual (2) Mean RSE (3)
27-0000 Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations 2,060 $12.60 $14.68 $30,530 4.8 %
  27-1023 Floral Designers 200 $8.76 $8.76 $18,210 6.1 %
  27-1024 Graphic Designers 150 $14.34 $15.38 $31,990 5.7 %
  27-1025 Interior Designers 80 $13.90 $15.36 $31,940 12.5 %
  27-1026 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 90 $10.19 $11.93 $24,820 6.1 %
  27-2012 Producers and Directors 60 (4) (4) $33,390 5.2 %
  27-2022 Coaches and Scouts 610 (4) (4) $25,530 4.0 %
  27-3010 Announcers 80 $15.96 $16.73 $34,800 5.8 %
  27-3020 News Analysts, Reporters and Correspondents 130 $19.57 $21.23 $44,160 16.5 %
  27-3031 Public Relations Specialists 100 $20.16 $21.49 $44,690 3.5 %
  27-3041 Editors 80 $22.95 $23.91 $49,720 11.9 %
  27-4012 Broadcast Technicians 60 $14.43 $14.64 $30,440 3.9 %
  27-4021 Photographers 70 $9.32 $11.12 $23,130 14.3 %
  27-4031 Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Motion Picture 50 $18.28 $21.32 $44,340 20.4 %
 
Healthcare Practitioner and Technical Occupations
Wage Estimates
SOC Code Number Occupation Title Employment (1) Median Hourly Mean Hourly Mean Annual (2) Mean RSE (3)
29-0000 Healthcare Practitioner and Technical Occupations 14,940 $19.77 $24.35 $50,660 4.5 %
  29-1020 Dentists 70 (5) $77.88 $161,990 9.8 %
  29-1031 Dietitians and Nutritionists 80 $19.43 $19.77 $41,120 3.5 %
  29-1051 Pharmacists 430 $37.55 $35.82 $74,510 2.4 %
  29-1061 Anesthesiologists (6) (5) $91.39 $190,090 10.4 %
  29-1062 Family and General Practitioners (6) (5) $80.08 $166,570 7.9 %
  29-1063 Internists, General 100 (5) $73.50 $152,890 10.9 %
  29-1067 Surgeons 70 (5) $75.56 $157,160 6.7 %
  29-1071 Physician Assistants (6) $37.67 $35.43 $73,690 5.5 %
  29-1111 Registered Nurses 5,680 $22.04 $22.67 $47,150 3.0 %
  29-1122 Occupational Therapists 150 $25.22 $25.30 $52,620 2.8 %
  29-1123 Physical Therapists 270 $28.30 $28.53 $59,330 2.2 %
  29-1126 Respiratory Therapists 260 $18.83 $18.57 $38,620 1.7 %
  29-1127 Speech-Language Pathologists 230 $22.91 $23.27 $48,400 3.1 %
  29-1131 Veterinarians 80 $36.76 $39.20 $81,530 8.5 %
  29-2011 Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists 350 $23.00 $21.76 $45,250 3.6 %
  29-2012 Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians 260 $12.46 $12.58 $26,160 4.9 %
  29-2021 Dental Hygienists 520 $20.20 $20.45 $42,530 3.3 %
  29-2031 Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians 90 $15.85 $17.14 $35,650 9.3 %
  29-2032 Diagnostic Medical Sonographers 130 $19.46 $19.30 $40,150 1.6 %
  29-2033 Nuclear Medicine Technologists 50 $21.20 $21.54 $44,790 2.1 %
  29-2034 Radiologic Technologists and Technicians 400 $16.83 $17.03 $35,420 1.4 %
  29-2041 Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics 610 $11.19 $11.37 $23,650 4.8 %
  29-2051 Dietetic Technicians 30 $14.95 $14.54 $30,240 2.8 %
  29-2052 Pharmacy Technicians 450 $9.66 $10.34 $21,510 2.7 %
  29-2054 Respiratory Therapy Technicians 40 $15.08 $14.71 $30,600 4.0 %
  29-2055 Surgical Technologists 120 $12.77 $12.74 $26,490 3.1 %
  29-2056 Veterinary Technologists and Technicians 70 $12.60 $12.28 $25,530 5.4 %
  29-2061 Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses 2,290 $15.30 $15.20 $31,610 1.7 %
  29-2071 Medical Records and Health Information Technicians 360 $11.58 $11.32 $23,540 2.0 %
  29-2081 Opticians, Dispensing 100 $11.21 $11.44 $23,790 5.4 %
  29-9010 Occupational Health and Safety Specialists and Technicians 80 $18.55 $18.31 $38,090 4.4 %
  29-9091 Athletic Trainers (6) (4) (4) $41,700 4.0 %
 
Healthcare Support Occupations
Wage Estimates
SOC Code Number Occupation Title Employment (1) Median Hourly Mean Hourly Mean Annual (2) Mean RSE (3)
31-0000 Healthcare Support Occupations 7,870 $9.74 $10.12 $21,060 2.1 %
  31-1011 Home Health Aides 1,370 $8.25 $8.49 $17,660 2.5 %
  31-1012 Nursing Aides, Orderlies, and Attendants 3,780 $9.50 $9.66 $20,090 2.3 %
  31-2011 Occupational Therapist Assistants 140 $16.90 $17.18 $35,740 1.9 %
  31-2021 Physical Therapist Assistants 260 $16.96 $17.04 $35,450 2.2 %
  31-2022 Physical Therapist Aides 60 $11.00 $10.98 $22,840 3.5 %
  31-9091 Dental Assistants 500 $12.45 $12.52 $26,050 2.3 %
  31-9092 Medical Assistants 1,180 $10.08 $9.83 $20,440 3.7 %
  31-9094 Medical Transcriptionists 150 $12.13 $12.08 $25,120 2.4 %
  31-9095 Pharmacy Aides 90 $6.97 $7.90 $16,420 7.2 %
  31-9096 Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers 80 $8.98 $9.67 $20,100 12.9 %
 
Protective Service Occupations
Wage Estimates
SOC Code Number Occupation Title Employment (1) Median Hourly Mean Hourly Mean Annual (2) Mean RSE (3)
33-0000 Protective Service Occupations 5,160 $13.68 $14.37 $29,890 3.7 %
  33-1012 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Police and Detectives 140 $22.84 $22.78 $47,380 3.9 %
  33-1021 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Fire Fighting and Prevention Workers 120 $22.35 $22.59 $46,990 7.1 %
  33-2011 Fire Fighters (6) $12.45 $13.80 $28,690 3.1 %
  33-2021 Fire Inspectors and Investigators 30 $17.39 $16.82 $34,990 10.2 %
  33-3021 Detectives and Criminal Investigators 100 $25.69 $26.13 $54,340 4.1 %
  33-3051 Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers 1,330 $15.91 $15.68 $32,610 7.6 %
  33-9032 Security Guards 1,350 $8.21 $9.81 $20,410 5.6 %
  33-9091 Crossing Guards (6) $6.12 $6.32 $13,150 7.8 %
 
Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations
Wage Estimates
SOC Code Number Occupation Title Employment (1) Median Hourly Mean Hourly Mean Annual (2) Mean RSE (3)
35-0000 Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations 21,290 $6.69 $7.35 $15,290 1.4 %
  35-1011 Chefs and Head Cooks 220 $12.96 $13.97 $29,050 6.0 %
  35-1012 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Food Preparation and Serving Workers 1,600 $9.56 $10.61 $22,060 3.1 %
  35-2011 Cooks, Fast Food 1,400 $6.42 $6.51 $13,530 2.5 %
  35-2012 Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria 1,060 $8.70 $8.90 $18,510 2.1 %
  35-2014 Cooks, Restaurant 960 $8.45 $8.37 $17,400 3.0 %
  35-2015 Cooks, Short Order 440 $8.14 $8.28 $17,220 3.4 %
  35-2021 Food Preparation Workers 2,410 $6.86 $7.40 $15,390 3.1 %
  35-3011 Bartenders 840 $6.63 $7.01 $14,590 3.7 %
  35-3021 Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food 5,340 $6.35 $6.38 $13,280 1.6 %
  35-3022 Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop 970 $6.96 $7.22 $15,010 3.5 %
  35-3031 Waiters and Waitresses 3,250 $6.40 $6.76 $14,060 3.6 %
  35-3041 Food Servers, Nonrestaurant 590 $7.03 $7.57 $15,750 4.1 %
  35-9011 Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers 400 $6.46 $6.76 $14,060 4.1 %
  35-9021 Dishwashers 1,190 $6.45 $6.60 $13,730 2.6 %
  35-9031 Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop 500 $6.78 $7.05 $14,670 2.1 %
 
Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations
Wage Estimates
SOC Code Number Occupation Title Employment (1) Median Hourly Mean Hourly Mean Annual (2) Mean RSE (3)
37-0000 Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations 7,780 $8.49 $9.35 $19,450 2.1 %
  37-1011 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers 230 $12.63 $13.04 $27,120 3.8 %
  37-1012 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping Workers 80 $15.39 $17.48 $36,350 5.7 %
  37-2011 Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 4,460 $8.72 $9.56 $19,880 3.2 %
  37-2012 Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 1,290 $7.91 $8.06 $16,760 2.3 %
  37-3011 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 1,480 $8.07 $8.71 $18,110 3.2 %
  37-3012 Pesticide Handlers, Sprayers, and Applicators, Vegetation 60 $11.41 $11.71 $24,350 6.6 %
  37-3013 Tree Trimmers and Pruners (6) $12.23 $12.11 $25,190 4.3 %
 
Personal Care and Service Occupations
Wage Estimates
SOC Code Number Occupation Title Employment (1) Median Hourly Mean Hourly Mean Annual (2) Mean RSE (3)
39-0000 Personal Care and Service Occupations 3,790 $7.69 $8.43 $17,540 2.3 %
  39-1021 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Personal Service Workers 120 $10.89 $11.74 $24,430 3.5 %
  39-2021 Nonfarm Animal Caretakers 130 $7.95 $8.46 $17,600 7.1 %
  39-3031 Ushers, Lobby Attendants, and Ticket Takers (6) $6.06 $5.92 $12,320 4.7 %
  39-3091 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 200 $6.27 $6.69 $13,910 4.3 %
  39-3093 Locker Room, Coatroom, and Dressing Room Attendants 40 $7.47 $7.77 $16,160 4.3 %
  39-4021 Funeral Attendants 180 $6.68 $7.07 $14,700 8.0 %
  39-5012 Hairdressers, Hairstylists, and Cosmetologists 910 $7.84 $8.70 $18,100 6.6 %
  39-5092 Manicurists and Pedicurists (6) $8.01 $9.09 $18,910 15.5 %
  39-9011 Child Care Workers 740 $7.02 $7.51 $15,630 3.5 %
  39-9021 Personal and Home Care Aides 340 $8.16 $8.28 $17,220 4.9 %
  39-9031 Fitness Trainers and Aerobics Instructors 110 $11.07 $11.06 $23,000 5.4 %
  39-9032 Recreation Workers 370 $7.97 $8.69 $18,080 3.0 %
  39-9041 Residential Advisors (6) $8.12 $8.52 $17,720 5.5 %
 
Sales and Related Occupations
Wage Estimates
SOC Code Number Occupation Title Employment (1) Median Hourly Mean Hourly Mean Annual (2) Mean RSE (3)
41-0000 Sales and Related Occupations 22,470 $8.59 $12.56 $26,130 2.5 %
  41-1011 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Retail Sales Workers 2,260 $14.29 $16.01 $33,310 2.8 %
  41-1012 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Non-Retail Sales Workers 420 $28.52 $31.48 $65,480 3.7 %
  41-2011 Cashiers 6,620 $6.79 $7.06 $14,670 1.0 %
  41-2021 Counter and Rental Clerks 460 $7.60 $9.07 $18,860 6.7 %
  41-2022 Parts Salespersons 420 $8.49 $10.28 $21,380 3.3 %
  41-2031 Retail Salespersons 7,300 $7.87 $9.64 $20,050 4.0 %
  41-3011 Advertising Sales Agents 200 $20.20 $23.37 $48,600 5.5 %
  41-3021 Insurance Sales Agents 430 $16.89 $24.56 $51,090 14.1 %
  41-3031 Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents 330 $29.49 $32.56 $67,720 7.6 %
  41-3041 Travel Agents 80 $13.25 $12.72 $26,460 8.1 %
  41-4011 Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products 190 $26.83 $31.30 $65,100 7.5 %
  41-4012 Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products 2,430 $18.31 $21.61 $44,950 4.0 %
  41-9011 Demonstrators and Product Promoters 80 $9.21 $11.81 $24,570 7.6 %
  41-9022 Real Estate Sales Agents 190 $32.02 $32.78 $68,170 3.5 %
  41-9031 Sales Engineers 70 $27.76 $28.38 $59,040 5.8 %
  41-9041 Telemarketers 310 $8.73 $10.04 $20,890 6.8 %
  41-9091 Door-To-Door Sales Workers, News and Street Vendors, and Related Workers 50 $12.87 $14.05 $29,230 12.5 %
 
Office and Administrative Support Occupations
Wage Estimates
SOC Code Number Occupation Title Employment (1) Median Hourly Mean Hourly Mean Annual (2) Mean RSE (3)
43-0000 Office and Administrative Support Occupations 34,140 $10.77 $11.83 $24,600 1.2 %
  43-1011 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Office and Administrative Support Workers 1,680 $16.60 $17.80 $37,020 1.7 %
  43-2011 Switchboard Operators, Including Answering Service 400 $8.37 $8.94 $18,590 5.9 %
  43-3011 Bill and Account Collectors 460 $12.14 $12.27 $25,520 1.6 %
  43-3021 Billing and Posting Clerks and Machine Operators 990 $10.55 $10.92 $22,710 1.8 %
  43-3031 Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks 2,430 $11.08 $11.63 $24,180 2.0 %
  43-3051 Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks 320 $12.47 $12.68 $26,370 2.3 %
  43-3061 Procurement Clerks 60 $13.03 $13.13 $27,300 5.4 %
  43-3071 Tellers 1,380 $9.03 $9.60 $19,970 2.8 %
  43-4031 Court, Municipal, and License Clerks 210 $14.32 $13.75 $28,610 2.4 %
  43-4041 Credit Authorizers, Checkers, and Clerks 120 $12.40 $14.53 $30,230 7.9 %
  43-4051 Customer Service Representatives 2,130 $12.56 $13.19 $27,440 5.2 %
  43-4071 File Clerks 270 $9.38 $9.50 $19,770 3.1 %
  43-4081 Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks 280 $6.84 $7.08 $14,720 3.0 %
  43-4111 Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Loan (6) $11.40 $11.08 $23,040 2.1 %
  43-4121 Library Assistants, Clerical 890 $7.35 $7.85 $16,320 2.2 %
  43-4131 Loan Interviewers and Clerks 120 $11.16 $11.51 $23,950 3.6 %
  43-4141 New Accounts Clerks 90 $12.27 $11.83 $24,610 2.8 %
  43-4151 Order Clerks 580 $11.65 $12.20 $25,380 3.9 %
  43-4161 Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping 210 $13.53 $13.96 $29,040 1.7 %
  43-4171 Receptionists and Information Clerks 1,610 $8.54 $8.93 $18,570 1.7 %
  43-4181 Reservation and Transportation Ticket Agents and Travel Clerks 70 $9.71 $9.84 $20,460 3.6 %
  43-5021 Couriers and Messengers 170 $8.11 $8.28 $17,230 5.7 %
  43-5031 Police, Fire, and Ambulance Dispatchers 200 $12.90 $12.81 $26,650 2.1 %
  43-5032 Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and Ambulance 350 $15.20 $16.48 $34,290 4.5 %
  43-5051 Postal Service Clerks 170 $19.08 $18.74 $38,970 2.6 %
  43-5052 Postal Service Mail Carriers 750 $19.10 $19.00 $39,520 2.0 %
  43-5053 Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors, and Processing Machine Operators 250 $18.56 $17.22 $35,820 3.5 %
  43-5061 Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks 340 $16.78 $17.19 $35,750 2.7 %
  43-5071 Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic Clerks 1,460 $11.15 $12.60 $26,200 5.9 %
  43-5081 Stock Clerks and Order Fillers 2,940 $8.11 $9.20 $19,130 2.5 %
  43-5111 Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers, Recordkeeping 60 $12.61 $13.67 $28,440 12.4 %
  43-6011 Executive Secretaries and Administrative Assistants 1,660 $13.49 $14.47 $30,110 3.2 %
  43-6012 Legal Secretaries 280 $10.34 $11.03 $22,940 4.1 %
  43-6013 Medical Secretaries 620 $10.64 $10.69 $22,220 2.1 %
  43-6014 Secretaries, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive 4,070 $10.51 $10.99 $22,850 2.4 %
  43-9011 Computer Operators 220 $14.15 $14.73 $30,630 3.4 %
  43-9021 Data Entry Keyers 310 $10.43 $11.38 $23,670 5.8 %
  43-9022 Word Processors and Typists 290 $11.22 $11.45 $23,810 5.8 %
  43-9031 Desktop Publishers 40 $14.87 $13.70 $28,500 14.8 %
  43-9041 Insurance Claims and Policy Processing Clerks 120 $13.74 $14.27 $29,690 3.8 %
  43-9051 Mail Clerks and Mail Machine Operators, Except Postal Service 150 $9.40 $9.23 $19,200 4.8 %
  43-9061 Office Clerks, General 3,720 $9.26 $9.82 $20,420 1.3 %
  43-9071 Office Machine Operators, Except Computer 50 $9.17 $9.24 $19,220 5.2 %
 
Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations
Wage Estimates
SOC Code Number Occupation Title Employment (1) Median Hourly Mean Hourly Mean Annual (2) Mean RSE (3)
45-0000 Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations 230 $8.74 $11.00 $22,880 13.5 %
 
Construction and Extraction Occupations
Wage Estimates
SOC Code Number Occupation Title Employment (1) Median Hourly Mean Hourly Mean Annual (2) Mean RSE (3)
47-0000 Construction and Extraction Occupations 8,180 $19.29 $19.70 $40,990 2.8 %
  47-1011 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers 590 $22.69 $23.91 $49,730 2.8 %
  47-2021 Brickmasons and Blockmasons 140 $22.65 $22.99 $47,830 5.6 %
  47-2031 Carpenters 940 $18.95 $20.14 $41,890 6.4 %
  47-2044 Tile and Marble Setters (6) $12.80 $14.10 $29,320 14.0 %
  47-2051 Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers 360 $15.66 $16.76 $34,860 8.0 %
  47-2061 Construction Laborers 1,000 $18.27 $16.91 $35,180 6.3 %
  47-2071 Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators (6) $17.87 $17.70 $36,820 8.3 %
  47-2073 Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators 300 $23.99 $22.36 $46,510 3.2 %
  47-2081 Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers (6) $17.34 $18.51 $38,510 12.9 %
  47-2111 Electricians 1,230 $24.70 $24.13 $50,190 5.5 %
  47-2121 Glaziers (6) $13.53 $15.32 $31,870 17.5 %
  47-2130 Insulation Workers 70 $11.16 $13.09 $27,240 10.1 %
  47-2141 Painters, Construction and Maintenance 430 $18.78 $18.69 $38,870 6.4 %
  47-2152 Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters 600 $24.56 $23.38 $48,620 4.2 %
  47-2181 Roofers 190 $19.65 $19.19 $39,920 6.6 %
  47-2211 Sheet Metal Workers 280 $26.20 $24.39 $50,720 2.7 %
  47-2221 Structural Iron and Steel Workers 210 $23.47 $22.71 $47,240 3.4 %
  47-3011 Helpers—Brickmasons, Blockmasons, Stonemasons, and Tile and Marble Setters (6) $13.31 $13.42 $27,900 4.6 %
  47-3012 Helpers—Carpenters (6) $10.70 $10.84 $22,560 3.3 %
  47-3014 Helpers—Painters, Paperhangers, Plasterers, and Stucco Masons 30 $12.74 $13.58 $28,240 13.1 %
  47-3016 Helpers—Roofers 30 $12.89 $12.62 $26,260 3.2 %
  47-4041 Hazardous Materials Removal Workers (6) $12.69 $13.23 $27,520 4.5 %
  47-4051 Highway Maintenance Workers 400 $13.87 $13.30 $27,670 6.3 %
 
Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations
Wage Estimates
SOC Code Number Occupation Title Employment (1) Median Hourly Mean Hourly Mean Annual (2) Mean RSE (3)
49-0000 Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations 9,610 $15.98 $17.00 $35,360 4.2 %
  49-1011 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers 860 $20.95 $22.40 $46,590 3.1 %
  49-2092 Electric Motor, Power Tool, and Related Repairers 80 $15.50 $16.02 $33,320 5.1 %
  49-2094 Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Commercial and Industrial Equipment 80 $21.01 $19.66 $40,890 6.0 %
  49-2097 Electronic Home Entertainment Equipment Installers and Repairers (6) $14.73 $17.17 $35,720 6.8 %
  49-2098 Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers (6) $10.78 $10.72 $22,290 8.1 %
  49-3011 Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians 90 $22.28 $21.19 $44,080 6.2 %
  49-3021 Automotive Body and Related Repairers 300 $12.99 $13.63 $28,350 8.4 %
  49-3023 Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics 1,270 $14.39 $14.24 $29,610 4.4 %
  49-3031 Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists 570 $16.00 $16.76 $34,860 3.7 %
  49-3042 Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines 150 $16.54 $16.86 $35,070 7.5 %
  49-3052 Motorcycle Mechanics 40 $12.74 $13.40 $27,880 13.5 %
  49-3093 Tire Repairers and Changers 150 $9.38 $9.30 $19,350 7.7 %
  49-9012 Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door 50 $15.34 $17.01 $35,390 16.3 %
  49-9031 Home Appliance Repairers 70 $12.79 $13.86 $28,830 13.8 %
  49-9041 Industrial Machinery Mechanics 370 $27.68 $25.15 $52,320 6.5 %
  49-9042 Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 2,180 $14.04 $13.98 $29,070 2.3 %
  49-9044 Millwrights 590 $20.22 $22.14 $46,060 7.9 %
  49-9051 Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers 70 $24.84 $24.08 $50,080 3.7 %
  49-9052 Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers (6) $14.01 $15.03 $31,260 3.4 %
  49-9091 Coin, Vending, and Amusement Machine Servicers and Repairers 160 $13.46 $12.84 $26,700 4.5 %
  49-9098 Helpers—Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers 120 $12.70 $12.66 $26,340 6.2 %
 
Production Occupations
Wage Estimates
SOC Code Number Occupation Title Employment (1) Median Hourly Mean Hourly Mean Annual (2) Mean RSE (3)
51-0000 Production Occupations 30,860 $15.49 $17.00 $35,370 7.7 %
  51-1011 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Production and Operating Workers 2,170 $21.10 $22.24 $46,260 4.1 %
  51-2022 Electrical and Electronic Equipment Assemblers 130 $11.20 $11.28 $23,460 7.1 %
  51-2023 Electromechanical Equipment Assemblers 40 $12.69 $13.65 $28,390 4.1 %
  51-2041 Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters 270 $15.34 $15.85 $32,960 6.6 %
  51-2092 Team Assemblers 2,940 $10.49 $11.55 $24,030 5.0 %
  51-3011 Bakers 490 $8.24 $8.72 $18,130 3.2 %
  51-3021 Butchers and Meat Cutters 240 $13.13 $12.84 $26,710 2.8 %
  51-4011 Computer-Controlled Machine Tool Operators, Metal and Plastic 370 $12.82 $13.47 $28,020 7.4 %
  51-4012 Numerical Tool and Process Control Programmers 40 $16.61 $16.82 $34,980 4.9 %
  51-4021 Extruding and Drawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 410 $13.55 $14.56 $30,280 6.6 %
  51-4022 Forging Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 390 $15.92 $17.30 $35,980 11.9 %
  51-4023 Rolling Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 570 $18.45 $18.24 $37,940 2.6 %
  51-4031 Cutting, Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 1,920 $13.56 $14.93 $31,050 6.9 %
  51-4032 Drilling and Boring Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 230 $10.87 $13.18 $27,420 10.6 %
  51-4033 Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 340 $13.61 $16.78 $34,890 10.2 %
  51-4034 Lathe and Turning Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 170 $19.16 $19.29 $40,120 8.3 %
  51-4035 Milling and Planing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 110 $15.18 $14.86 $30,910 7.1 %
  51-4041 Machinists 1,060 $16.34 $16.25 $33,800 3.2 %
  51-4071 Foundry Mold and Coremakers 70 $12.83 $13.90 $28,910 5.3 %
  51-4121 Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers 840 $13.64 $14.62 $30,410 3.6 %
  51-4191 Heat Treating Equipment Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 210 $16.98 $17.20 $35,780 3.9 %
  51-4193 Plating and Coating Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 100 $14.22 $15.72 $32,700 10.5 %
  51-4194 Tool Grinders, Filers, and Sharpeners 40 $11.24 $12.18 $25,330 4.2 %
  51-5011 Bindery Workers 50 $8.46 $9.36 $19,460 9.7 %
  51-5021 Job Printers 90 $17.89 $21.38 $44,470 19.7 %
  51-5022 Prepress Technicians and Workers 60 $15.63 $15.40 $32,020 5.5 %
  51-5023 Printing Machine Operators 250 $11.30 $11.37 $23,650 5.6 %
  51-6011 Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers 880 $8.02 $8.28 $17,220 3.8 %
  51-6021 Pressers, Textile, Garment, and Related Materials (6) $8.29 $8.35 $17,370 2.7 %
  51-6031 Sewing Machine Operators 380 $9.19 $9.02 $18,770 3.3 %
  51-6093 Upholsterers 40 $10.10 $10.36 $21,540 2.6 %
  51-7011 Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters 110 $12.72 $13.22 $27,500 4.3 %
  51-7041 Sawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Wood 40 $10.52 $10.63 $22,110 10.0 %
  51-7042 Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Except Sawing 80 $11.05 $13.87 $28,850 7.0 %
  51-8021 Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators 40 $14.72 $18.14 $37,720 5.7 %
  51-8031 Water and Liquid Waste Treatment Plant and System Operators 350 $17.39 $16.94 $35,230 2.0 %
  51-9011 Chemical Equipment Operators and Tenders (6) $13.97 $13.62 $28,330 7.6 %
  51-9021 Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders 70 $9.84 $10.93 $22,740 11.8 %
  51-9022 Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand 270 $10.71 $13.27 $27,610 10.5 %
  51-9023 Mixing and Blending Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders 260 $14.55 $14.36 $29,880 4.3 %
  51-9031 Cutters and Trimmers, Hand (6) $10.79 $12.64 $26,290 9.3 %
  51-9032 Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders (6) $14.78 $14.77 $30,720 3.1 %
  51-9041 Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders 480 $16.86 $18.38 $38,230 6.2 %
  51-9051 Furnace, Kiln, Oven, Drier, and Kettle Operators and Tenders 220 $14.38 $14.56 $30,280 3.1 %
  51-9061 Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers 1,390 $20.05 $19.12 $39,780 6.1 %
  51-9083 Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians 110 $8.12 $8.67 $18,030 3.9 %
  51-9111 Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders 320 $9.09 $9.85 $20,490 5.7 %
  51-9121 Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders 330 $12.00 $12.29 $25,570 3.0 %
  51-9122 Painters, Transportation Equipment 100 $12.78 $13.87 $28,860 14.1 %
  51-9123 Painting, Coating, and Decorating Workers 100 $9.82 $9.73 $20,250 7.5 %
  51-9195 Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic 360 $12.81 $12.66 $26,340 3.1 %
  51-9196 Paper Goods Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders 60 $12.41 $12.55 $26,100 2.7 %
  51-9198 Helpers—Production Workers 970 $12.01 $12.55 $26,110 6.5 %
 
Transportation and Material Moving Occupations
Wage Estimates
SOC Code Number Occupation Title Employment (1) Median Hourly Mean Hourly Mean Annual (2) Mean RSE (3)
53-0000 Transportation and Material Moving Occupations 20,020 $11.64 $13.09 $27,230 3.4 %
  53-1021 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Helpers, Laborers, and Material Movers, Hand 400 $18.08 $18.78 $39,060 5.0 %
  53-1031 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Transportation and Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators 410 $20.50 $21.07 $43,830 3.2 %
  53-3021 Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity 70 $10.27 $10.37 $21,570 6.9 %
  53-3022 Bus Drivers, School 1,380 $11.61 $11.18 $23,240 4.2 %
  53-3031 Driver/Sales Workers 650 $9.16 $10.35 $21,530 10.9 %
  53-3032 Truck Drivers, Heavy and Tractor-Trailer 4,100 $15.76 $16.07 $33,420 3.6 %
  53-3033 Truck Drivers, Light Or Delivery Services 1,740 $10.92 $12.48 $25,950 5.2 %
  53-3041 Taxi Drivers and Chauffeurs 140 $7.64 $7.62 $15,850 5.5 %
  53-6031 Service Station Attendants (6) $6.96 $7.50 $15,600 4.4 %
  53-7021 Crane and Tower Operators 280 $14.29 $15.02 $31,240 5.7 %
  53-7032 Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators 90 $14.02 $14.58 $30,320 7.0 %
  53-7051 Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators 1,240 $15.47 $16.76 $34,850 8.9 %
  53-7061 Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment 820 $8.41 $12.74 $26,510 22.9 %
  53-7062 Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand 4,580 $9.23 $10.55 $21,940 3.1 %
  53-7064 Packers and Packagers, Hand 1,610 $7.84 $8.74 $18,180 3.6 %
  53-7081 Refuse and Recyclable Material Collectors 280 $13.78 $13.62 $28,330 4.4 %

About May 2003 National, State, and Metropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates

Estimates for residual, "All Other", occupations are not available.

(1) Estimates for detailed occupations do not sum to the totals because the totals include occupations not shown separately. Estimates do not include self-employed workers.

(2) Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data.

(3) The relative standard error (RSE) is a measure of the reliability of a survey statistic. The smaller the relative standard error, the more precise the estimate.

(4) Hourly wage rates for occupations where workers typically work fewer than 2,080 hours per year are not available.

(5) This wage is equal to or greater than $70.00 per hour or $145,600 per year.

(6) Estimates not released.



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State estimates for Ohio


Ohio's metropolitan area estimates:

May 2003 National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates

May 2003 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates

May 2003 Metropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates

May 2003 National Industry-Specific Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates

List of Occupations in SOC Code Number Order

List of Occupations in Alphabetical Order

Download May 2003 Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates in Zipped Excel files

Technical notes

 

Last Modified Date: May 7, 2004