BTS | Table 1-66: Annual Highway Congestion Cost

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Table 1-66: Annual Highway Congestion Cost

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Population group	Urban area	Annual congestion cost per capita ($)										Annual congestion cost ($ millions)
Population group	Urban area	1998 Value	1999 Value	2000 Value	2001 Value	2002 Value	1998 Rank	1999 Rank	2000 Rank	2001 Rank	2002 Rank	1998 Value	1999 Value	2000 Value	2001 Value	2002 Value	1998 Rank	1999 Rank	2000 Rank	2001 Rank	2002 Rank
Medium	Akron, OH	141	144	139	133	116	57	61	61	61	69	76	78	76	73	64	58	64	66	66	67
Medium	Albany-Schenectady, NY	(R) 78	(R) 89	(R) 98	(R) 110	110	(R) 73	(R) 74	(R) 73	(R) 70	71	(R) 39	(R) 46	(R) 51	(R) 57	58	(R) 71	(R) 69	(R) 70	(R) 69	69
Medium	Albuquerque, NM	(R) 397	(R) 430	(R) 322	(R) 319	267	(R) 14	(R) 11	(R) 31	(R) 31	42	(R) 224	(R) 245	(R) 184	(R) 181	154	(R) 37	(R) 39	(R) 45	47	50
Small	Allentown-Bethlehem, PA-NJ	132	108	126	121	128	60	67	64	67	67	76	63	69	71	76	58	67	67	67	66
Small	Anchorage, AK	(R) 31	(R) 30	(R) 31	(R) 43	46	(R) 85	(R) 85	(R) 85	(R) 85	84	8	8	(R) 8	(R) 12	13	(R) 83	(R) 83	(R) 84	(R) 83	82
Large	Atlanta, GA	(R) 514	(R) 468	(R) 527	(R) 491	573	(R) 3	(R) 10	(R) 8	(R) 10	6	(R) 1,438	(R) 1,337	(R) 1,567	(R) 1,467	1,716	(R) 11	(R) 12	(R) 10	(R) 11	11
Medium	Austin, TX	(R) 316	(R) 391	(R) 434	(R) 465	461	(R) 21	(R) 19	(R) 14	13	17	(R) 231	(R) 291	(R) 334	(R) 374	387	(R) 36	(R) 33	(R) 30	29	29
Small	Bakersfield, CA	(R) 53	(R) 52	(R) 65	(R) 69	69	(R) 78	(R) 82	(R) 80	(R) 81	80	(R) 20	(R) 20	(R) 26	(R) 28	30	(R) 77	(R) 77	(R) 77	(R) 76	75
Large	Baltimore, MD	(R) 280	(R) 294	(R) 329	(R) 381	466	(R) 28	(R) 32	(R) 29	(R) 22	15	(R) 603	(R) 634	(R) 716	(R) 842	1,069	(R) 21	(R) 22	20	19	16
Small	Beaumont, TX	(R) 89	(R) 98	(R) 103	(R) 105	140	(R) 68	(R) 69	(R) 71	(R) 72	61	(R) 12	(R) 14	(R) 15	(R) 15	20	(R) 80	(R) 81	(R) 80	(R) 81	80
Medium	Birmingham, AL	(R) 198	(R) 211	(R) 225	(R) 236	248	(R) 42	(R) 42	(R) 41	(R) 43	44	(R) 131	(R) 140	(R) 151	(R) 158	168	48	(R) 47	(R) 48	(R) 50	49
Very large	Boston, MA-NH-RI	(R) 396	(R) 430	(R) 451	(R) 480	475	15	(R) 11	(R) 11	(R) 11	13	(R) 1,194	(R) 1,299	(R) 1,366	(R) 1,453	1,440	(R) 13	(R) 13	(R) 12	(R) 12	12
Small	Boulder, CO	(R) 68	(R) 69	(R) 77	(R) 89	88	(R) 75	(R) 77	(R) 79	(R) 75	73	(R) 7	8	9	(R) 10	9	(R) 84	(R) 83	(R) 83	(R) 84	84
Medium	Bridgeport-Stamford, CT-NY	212	261	275	303	301	37	36	36	35	36	165	205	220	248	256	45	42	40	37	41
Small	Brownsville, TX	(R) 35	(R) 40	(R) 49	(R) 52	45	(R) 84	(R) 84	(R) 83	(R) 84	85	5	6	(R) 8	(R) 9	8	(R) 85	(R) 85	(R) 84	(R) 85	85
Large	Buffalo, NY	(R) 45	(R) 62	(R) 79	(R) 83	85	(R) 81	(R) 78	(R) 77	(R) 77	76	(R) 49	(R) 68	(R) 87	(R) 93	95	(R) 67	(R) 66	(R) 64	(R) 61	62
Small	Cape Coral, FL	(R) 111	(R) 115	(R) 115	(R) 119	132	(R) 65	(R) 66	(R) 67	(R) 68	64	(R) 30	(R) 32	(R) 34	(R) 36	42	(R) 72	(R) 73	(R) 73	(R) 73	72
Small	Charleston-North Charleston, SC	(R) 169	(R) 185	(R) 203	(R) 193	205	(R) 50	49	45	51	50	(R) 74	(R) 81	(R) 93	(R) 89	95	(R) 60	(R) 62	(R) 62	(R) 63	62
Medium	Charlotte, NC-SC	(R) 276	(R) 303	(R) 361	(R) 363	420	29	(R) 30	(R) 21	26	20	(R) 170	(R) 189	(R) 233	(R) 241	303	(R) 43	(R) 45	(R) 37	(R) 38	34
Very large	Chicago, IL-IN	(R) 415	(R) 416	(R) 424	(R) 455	520	(R) 13	(R) 16	(R) 15	(R) 15	8	(R) 3,345	(R) 3,363	(R) 3,432	(R) 3,692	4,221	3	3	3	3	3
Large	Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN	(R) 273	(R) 290	(R) 326	(R) 339	378	(R) 30	(R) 33	(R) 30	(R) 28	26	(R) 348	(R) 371	(R) 419	(R) 437	500	(R) 25	(R) 27	27	(R) 26	26
Large	Cleveland, OH	(R) 149	(R) 156	(R) 141	(R) 124	110	(R) 54	(R) 57	(R) 60	(R) 65	71	(R) 277	(R) 289	(R) 263	(R) 233	206	31	34	(R) 35	41	43
Small	Colorado Springs, CO	(R) 162	(R) 186	(R) 206	(R) 228	215	(R) 52	(R) 48	44	46	48	(R) 69	(R) 82	(R) 96	(R) 107	102	(R) 63	(R) 60	(R) 61	(R) 57	59
Small	Columbia, SC	51	58	80	70	74	80	80	76	79	79	21	24	33	29	31	76	76	74	75	74
Large	Columbus, OH	(R) 302	(R) 331	(R) 294	(R) 279	276	(R) 25	(R) 26	(R) 35	(R) 37	39	(R) 311	(R) 343	(R) 306	(R) 293	291	(R) 28	(R) 28	(R) 32	(R) 33	36
Small	Corpus Christi, TX	(R) 37	(R) 50	(R) 43	(R) 65	59	(R) 83	(R) 83	(R) 84	(R) 82	82	(R) 12	(R) 16	(R) 14	(R) 21	19	(R) 80	(R) 80	(R) 81	(R) 79	81
Very Large	Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX	(R) 417	(R) 597	(R) 549	(R) 559	627	(R) 12	(R) 2	(R) 5	(R) 8	3	(R) 1,588	(R) 2,342	(R) 2,192	(R) 2,268	2,603	7	4	5	(R) 6	5
Medium	Dayton, OH	180	203	190	173	139	47	45	47	55	62	107	121	113	103	83	52	53	53	58	65
Large	Denver-Aurora, CO	(R) 499	(R) 512	(R) 582	(R) 635	470	(R) 5	8	(R) 3	(R) 3	14	(R) 914	(R) 952	(R) 1,113	(R) 1,287	954	14	16	15	14	18
Very large	Detroit, MI	(R) 429	(R) 420	(R) 413	(R) 457	481	(R) 9	14	(R) 16	(R) 14	12	(R) 1,726	(R) 1,690	(R) 1,661	(R) 1,844	1,939	6	(R) 9	(R) 9	(R) 9	9
Medium	El Paso, TX-NM	(R) 81	(R) 123	(R) 155	(R) 188	175	(R) 72	(R) 64	(R) 58	(R) 52	54	(R) 52	(R) 80	(R) 102	(R) 124	117	(R) 66	(R) 63	(R) 58	(R) 55	56
Small	Eugene, OR	(R) 58	(R) 80	(R) 111	(R) 91	86	(R) 77	(R) 75	(R) 68	(R) 74	75	(R) 13	(R) 18	(R) 24	(R) 21	21	(R) 79	(R) 78	(R) 78	(R) 79	79
Medium	Fresno, CA	(R) 135	(R) 164	(R) 177	(R) 149	143	(R) 59	55	(R) 52	(R) 60	60	(R) 74	(R) 90	(R) 98	(R) 83	84	(R) 60	(R) 59	(R) 59	(R) 65	64
Medium	Grand Rapids, MI	174	178	172	176	191	48	54	54	53	51	87	91	89	92	101	57	58	63	62	61
Medium	Hartford, CT	(R) 122	(R) 127	(R) 134	(R) 161	164	(R) 64	(R) 63	(R) 63	(R) 57	56	(R) 104	(R) 110	(R) 116	(R) 140	143	(R) 53	55	(R) 52	(R) 52	52
Medium	Honolulu, HI	(R) 207	(R) 218	(R) 181	(R) 197	175	(R) 41	(R) 40	(R) 50	(R) 50	54	(R) 145	(R) 152	(R) 126	(R) 138	123	(R) 46	(R) 46	(R) 50	(R) 53	54
Very large	Houston, TX	(R) 459	(R) 562	(R) 534	(R) 565	586	(R) 8	(R) 5	(R) 7	(R) 6	5	(R) 1,524	(R) 1,916	(R) 1,869	(R) 2,051	2,178	(R) 9	7	(R) 8	(R) 8	8
Large	Indianapolis, IN	(R) 300	(R) 299	(R) 342	(R) 371	357	(R) 27	(R) 31	(R) 26	(R) 23	28	(R) 305	(R) 305	(R) 348	(R) 381	369	(R) 29	(R) 32	(R) 29	28	31
Medium	Jacksonville, FL	(R) 232	(R) 239	(R) 248	(R) 267	296	(R) 35	(R) 37	(R) 38	(R) 40	37	(R) 195	(R) 203	(R) 214	(R) 237	269	(R) 40	(R) 43	(R) 42	(R) 39	40
Large	Kansas City, MO-KS	(R) 147	(R) 180	(R) 152	(R) 153	145	(R) 55	(R) 52	(R) 59	(R) 59	58	(R) 202	(R) 251	(R) 215	(R) 218	215	(R) 39	(R) 37	(R) 41	(R) 44	42
Small	Laredo, TX	(R) 53	(R) 58	(R) 54	(R) 70	66	(R) 78	(R) 80	(R) 82	(R) 79	81	(R) 9	(R) 10	(R) 10	(R) 14	13	(R) 82	(R) 82	(R) 82	(R) 82	82
Large	Las Vegas, NV	(R) 262	(R) 288	(R) 298	(R) 271	266	(R) 31	(R) 34	(R) 34	(R) 39	43	(R) 288	(R) 331	(R) 364	(R) 352	364	(R) 30	(R) 30	(R) 28	(R) 30	32
Small	Little Rock, AR	73	99	84	104	84	74	68	75	73	78	23	32	27	35	29	75	73	76	74	77
Very large	Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA	(R) 899	(R) 922	(R) 896	(R) 883	879	1	1	1	1	1	(R)11,066	(R)11,364	(R)11,060	(R)10,915	11,231	1	1	1	1	1
Medium	Louisville, KY-IN	(R) 309	(R) 346	(R) 345	(R) 316	357	23	(R) 22	25	(R) 33	28	(R) 256	(R) 289	(R) 290	(R) 265	302	(R) 34	(R) 34	(R) 33	(R) 36	35
Medium	Memphis, TN-MS-AR	(R) 211	(R) 217	(R) 247	(R) 274	290	(R) 38	(R) 41	(R) 39	(R) 38	38	(R) 204	(R) 211	(R) 240	(R) 269	285	(R) 38	(R) 41	(R) 36	(R) 35	37
Very Large	Miami, FL	(R) 347	(R) 393	(R) 439	(R) 475	512	(R) 17	(R) 18	(R) 13	(R) 12	10	(R) 1,572	(R) 1,814	(R) 2,138	(R) 2,357	2,558	(R) 8	(R) 8	(R) 6	(R) 5	6
Large	Milwaukee, WI	(R) 208	(R) 237	(R) 242	(R) 232	220	(R) 40	(R) 38	(R) 40	(R) 44	46	(R) 270	(R) 315	(R) 331	(R) 325	318	(R) 32	(R) 31	31	(R) 32	33
Large	Minneapolis - St. Paul, MN	(R) 373	(R) 429	(R) 363	(R) 407	398	16	(R) 13	(R) 18	(R) 18	23	(R) 865	(R) 1,008	(R) 872	(R) 986	971	15	(R) 15	(R) 18	(R) 17	17
Medium	Nashville-Davidson, TN	(R) 259	(R) 324	(R) 341	(R) 348	390	(R) 33	(R) 28	(R) 27	27	24	(R) 170	(R) 214	(R) 229	(R) 236	273	(R) 43	(R) 40	(R) 39	(R) 40	39
Medium	New Haven, CT	141	187	210	265	207	57	47	42	41	49	73	97	110	142	113	62	57	56	51	57
Large	New Orleans, LA	(R) 173	(R) 182	(R) 172	(R) 174	161	(R) 49	(R) 50	54	54	57	(R) 188	(R) 199	(R) 187	(R) 191	177	(R) 41	(R) 44	(R) 44	(R) 46	47
Very large	New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT	(R) 330	(R) 374	(R) 357	(R) 392	409	(R) 18	20	(R) 22	21	21	(R) 5,415	(R) 6,143	(R) 6,100	(R) 6,725	7,080	2	2	2	2	2
Large	Oklahoma City, OK	(R) 99	(R) 123	(R) 99	(R) 112	132	(R) 66	(R) 64	(R) 72	(R) 69	64	(R) 102	(R) 128	(R) 108	(R) 121	144	(R) 54	(R) 50	(R) 57	56	51
Medium	Omaha, NE-IA	(R) 165	(R) 179	(R) 179	(R) 204	217	51	(R) 53	(R) 51	(R) 49	47	(R) 97	(R) 109	(R) 111	(R) 128	138	(R) 56	(R) 56	54	(R) 54	53
Large	Orlando, FL	(R) 427	(R) 419	(R) 523	(R) 561	486	(R) 10	(R) 15	(R) 9	(R) 7	11	(R) 478	(R) 477	(R) 615	(R) 684	613	(R) 23	(R) 24	(R) 23	(R) 22	23
Medium	Oxnard-Ventura, CA	188	208	264	319	305	43	43	37	31	34	102	134	146	177	172	54	48	49	48	48
Small	Pensacola, FL-AL	(R) 146	(R) 154	(R) 190	(R) 171	176	(R) 56	(R) 59	(R) 47	56	53	(R) 43	(R) 46	(R) 58	(R) 52	55	(R) 68	(R) 69	(R) 68	(R) 70	70
Very large	Philadelphia, PA-NJ-DE-MD	(R) 306	(R) 337	(R) 308	(R) 369	389	(R) 24	(R) 25	(R) 32	(R) 24	25	(R) 1,448	(R) 1,601	(R) 1,470	(R) 1,772	1,871	(R) 10	(R) 10	(R) 11	(R) 10	10
Large	Phoenix, AZ	(R) 323	(R) 407	(R) 407	(R) 450	437	(R) 20	(R) 17	(R) 17	16	18	(R) 825	(R) 1,099	(R) 1,140	(R) 1,305	1,289	16	(R) 14	(R) 14	(R) 13	14
Large	Pittsburgh, PA	(R) 131	(R) 148	(R) 116	(R) 127	115	(R) 61	(R) 60	(R) 66	(R) 63	70	(R) 232	(R) 261	(R) 205	(R) 223	203	(R) 35	(R) 36	(R) 43	(R) 43	44
Large	Portland, OR-WA	(R) 316	(R) 345	(R) 352	(R) 368	367	(R) 21	(R) 23	(R) 23	(R) 25	27	(R) 465	(R) 521	(R) 539	(R) 585	589	(R) 24	23	(R) 24	24	24
Medium	Providence, RI-MA	(R) 158	(R) 206	(R) 192	(R) 223	311	(R) 53	(R) 44	(R) 46	(R) 47	33	(R) 187	(R) 247	(R) 232	(R) 273	384	42	(R) 38	(R) 38	(R) 34	30
Medium	Raleigh-Durham, NC	187	182	209	283	244	44	50	43	36	45	128	128	153	214	191	49	50	46	45	45
Medium	Richmond, VA	(R) 184	(R) 156	(R) 124	(R) 123	145	46	(R) 57	(R) 65	(R) 66	58	(R) 136	(R) 117	(R) 97	(R) 100	121	(R) 47	(R) 54	(R) 60	(R) 60	55
Large	Riverside-San Bernardino, CA	(R) 462	(R) 469	(R) 472	(R) 529	561	(R) 7	(R) 9	(R) 10	(R) 9	7	(R) 647	(R) 667	(R) 693	(R) 805	904	19	(R) 20	(R) 21	20	19
Medium	Rochester, NY	(R) 42	(R) 60	(R) 59	(R) 57	55	(R) 82	(R) 79	(R) 81	(R) 83	83	(R) 27	(R) 38	(R) 38	(R) 37	36	(R) 73	(R) 72	(R) 72	(R) 72	73
Large	Sacramento, CA	(R) 248	(R) 277	(R) 308	(R) 308	349	(R) 34	(R) 35	(R) 32	(R) 34	30	(R) 335	(R) 378	(R) 429	(R) 440	526	(R) 26	(R) 26	26	(R) 25	25
Small	Salem, OR	(R) 92	(R) 92	(R) 105	(R) 109	137	(R) 67	(R) 72	(R) 70	(R) 71	63	(R) 18	(R) 18	(R) 21	(R) 23	30	(R) 78	(R) 78	(R) 79	(R) 78	75
Medium	Salt Lake City, UT	(R) 127	(R) 144	(R) 169	(R) 249	304	(R) 62	(R) 61	(R) 56	(R) 42	35	(R) 113	(R) 129	(R) 152	(R) 227	277	51	(R) 49	(R) 47	(R) 42	38
Large	San Antonio, TX	(R) 211	(R) 308	(R) 363	(R) 328	344	(R) 38	(R) 29	(R) 18	(R) 29	32	(R) 260	(R) 382	(R) 454	(R) 414	434	(R) 33	(R) 25	(R) 25	(R) 27	27
Large	San Diego, CA	(R) 260	(R) 339	(R) 349	(R) 395	465	(R) 32	(R) 24	(R) 24	(R) 19	16	(R) 691	(R) 916	(R) 958	(R) 1,098	1,314	(R) 18	17	(R) 16	(R) 16	13
Very large	San Francisco-Oakland, CA	(R) 514	(R) 568	(R) 623	(R) 667	675	(R) 3	(R) 4	2	2	2	(R) 2,064	(R) 2,285	(R) 2,513	(R) 2,697	2,779	4	5	4	4	4
Large	San Jose, CA	(R) 425	(R) 516	(R) 548	(R) 578	518	11	7	6	(R) 5	9	(R) 702	(R) 861	(R) 919	(R) 970	871	(R) 17	18	(R) 17	18	20
Medium	Sarasota-Bradenton, FL	124	157	157	159	187	63	56	57	58	52	64	82	84	85	102	65	60	65	64	59
Large	Seattle, WA	(R) 486	(R) 540	(R) 440	(R) 442	435	(R) 6	(R) 6	(R) 12	(R) 17	19	(R) 1,251	(R) 1,401	(R) 1,146	(R) 1,184	1,175	(R) 12	(R) 11	(R) 13	(R) 15	15
Small	Spokane, WA	(R) 85	(R) 95	(R) 95	(R) 84	88	(R) 70	(R) 70	(R) 74	(R) 76	73	(R) 27	(R) 31	(R) 31	(R) 28	29	(R) 73	(R) 75	(R) 75	(R) 76	77
Medium	Springfield, MA-CT	68	71	78	76	85	75	76	78	78	76	41	43	48	47	55	70	71	71	71	70
Large	St. Louis, MO-IL	(R) 301	(R) 327	(R) 363	(R) 322	348	26	(R) 27	(R) 18	(R) 30	31	(R) 602	(R) 657	(R) 740	(R) 662	719	22	(R) 21	(R) 19	(R) 23	22
Large	Tampa-St Petersburg, FL	(R) 329	(R) 355	(R) 339	(R) 395	399	(R) 19	(R) 21	(R) 28	(R) 19	22	(R) 614	(R) 673	(R) 661	(R) 790	808	(R) 20	(R) 19	(R) 22	21	21
Medium	Toledo, OH-MI	85	95	108	125	124	70	70	69	64	68	42	47	54	63	62	69	68	69	68	68
Medium	Tucson, AZ	(R) 185	(R) 191	(R) 186	(R) 229	269	(R) 45	(R) 46	(R) 49	(R) 45	41	(R) 122	(R) 128	(R) 126	(R) 162	191	50	(R) 50	50	(R) 49	45
Medium	Tulsa, OK	(R) 87	(R) 91	(R) 139	(R) 128	131	(R) 69	(R) 73	(R) 61	(R) 62	66	(R) 66	(R) 70	(R) 111	(R) 103	106	(R) 64	(R) 65	(R) 54	(R) 58	58
Large	Virginia Beach, VA	(R) 219	(R) 229	(R) 177	(R) 218	270	(R) 36	(R) 39	(R) 52	(R) 48	40	(R) 317	(R) 336	(R) 265	(R) 331	412	(R) 27	(R) 29	(R) 34	(R) 31	28
Very large	Washington, DC-VA-MD	(R) 559	(R) 590	(R) 563	(R) 594	600	(R) 2	(R) 3	(R) 4	(R) 4	4	(R) 1,957	(R) 2,089	(R) 2,026	(R) 2,216	2,274	5	6	(R) 7	(R) 7	7
NA	85-Area Average	(R) 368	(R) 401	(R) 399	(R) 420	435	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	(R) 595	(R) 655	(R) 663	(R) 707	743	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
NA	Very Large Area Average	(R) 486	(R) 527	(R) 517	(R) 543	567	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	(R) 2,991	(R) 3,264	(R) 3,257	(R) 3,454	3,652	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
NA	Large Area Average	(R) 306	(R) 337	(R) 341	(R) 358	364	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	(R) 503	(R) 561	(R) 580	(R) 619	639	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
NA	Medium Area Average	(R) 178	(R) 200	(R) 208	(R) 226	238	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	(R) 121	(R) 137	(R) 144	(R) 159	170	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
NA	Small Area Average	(R) 94	(R) 100	(R) 112	(R) 114	116	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	(R) 28	30	(R) 34	(R) 35	36	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA

KEY: NA = not applicable; R = revised.

Very large urban areas - over 3 million population.

Large urban areas - over 1 million and less than 3 million population.

Medium urban areas - over 500,000 and less than 1 million population.

Small urban areas - less than 500,000 population.

NOTES

The urban areas included are those containing over 500,000 people and several smaller places mostly chosen by previous sponsors of the Texas Transportation Institute study on mobility.

The cost of congestion is estimated with a value for each hour of travel time and each gallon of fuel. For a more detailed explanation of the formulas used, see the source document.

SOURCE

1998-2002: Texas Transportation Institute, The 2004 Annual Urban Mobility Report (College Station, TX: 2004), Internet site http://mobility.tamu.edu as of Sep. 13, 2004.