Table 1-64: Travel Time Index,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Points change,,,
Population group,Urban area,1982,1985,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,Short-term              1997-2002,,Long-term              1982-2002,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Points,Ranka,Points,Ranka
Medium,"Akron, OH",1.02,1.02,1.04,1.05,1.05,1.07,1.07,1.06,1.09,1.11,1.11,1.11,1.10,1.10,1.09,-2,80,7,68
Medium,"Albany-Schenectady, NY",1.06,1.02,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.05,(R) 1.05,1.05,1.06,1.06,(R) 1.06,1.07,2,50,1,85
Medium,"Albuquerque, NM",1.04,1.06,1.10,(R) 1.11,1.13,1.14,1.18,1.21,1.23,1.24,1.26,1.26,(R) 1.23,(R) 1.22,1.19,-4,84,14,37
Small,"Allentown-Bethlehem, PA-NJ",1.06,1.08,1.11,1.12,1.11,1.12,1.13,1.13,1.14,1.15,1.15,1.13,1.14,1.14,1.15,0,65,8,62
Small,"Anchorage, AK",1.04,1.05,1.05,1.05,1.04,1.03,1.04,1.03,1.03,1.03,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.05,1.05,2,48,1,84
Large,"Atlanta, GA",1.08,1.11,1.14,1.13,1.14,1.18,1.24,1.26,1.29,1.31,1.34,1.32,(R) 1.35,(R) 1.37,1.42,8,8,31,3
Medium,"Austin, TX",1.08,(R) 1.10,1.12,1.13,1.12,(R) 1.14,1.17,1.20,1.23,1.26,1.24,1.26,(R) 1.26,(R) 1.30,1.31,4,25,21,24
Small,"Bakersfield, CA",1.01,1.01,1.03,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.05,1.05,1.06,1.05,1.06,1.06,1.06,1,60,5,71
Large,"Baltimore, MD",1.07,1.10,1.21,1.20,1.19,1.20,1.22,1.24,1.24,1.26,1.25,1.26,(R) 1.27,(R) 1.30,1.36,8,10,27,13
Small,"Beaumont, TX",1.03,1.03,1.03,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.03,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.05,1.06,1.05,1.06,1.07,3,34,4,78
Medium,"Birmingham, AL",1.05,1.05,1.06,1.06,1.07,1.08,1.10,1.11,(R) 1.12,1.13,1.15,(R) 1.15,(R) 1.15,(R) 1.15,1.16,3,38,10,51
Very large,"Boston, MA-NH-RI",1.14,1.18,1.27,1.27,1.29,1.34,(R) 1.36,1.37,1.37,1.39,1.41,1.43,(R) 1.43,(R) 1.45,1.45,4,23,27,11
Small,"Boulder, CO",1.02,1.03,1.03,1.03,1.04,1.05,1.05,(R) 1.06,1.06,1.07,1.08,1.08,1.09,(R) 1.09,1.09,2,51,7,68
Medium,"Bridgeport-Stamford, CT-NY",1.05,1.08,1.15,1.13,1.15,1.15,1.17,1.19,1.18,1.21,1.24,1.28,1.27,1.28,1.28,6,17,22,21
Small,"Brownsville, TX",1.02,1.03,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.05,1.05,1.05,1.06,1.07,1.07,1.08,1.08,1.07,1,61,5,73
Large,"Buffalo, NY",1.03,1.03,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.05,1.07,1.08,1.08,1.08,4,26,5,75
Small,"Cape Coral, FL",1.04,1.05,1.09,1.10,1.11,1.11,1.12,1.12,1.13,1.14,1.14,1.14,(R) 1.14,(R) 1.14,1.17,3,39,13,42
Small,"Charleston-North Charleston, SC",1.08,1.10,1.15,1.15,1.16,1.15,1.14,1.14,1.13,1.15,1.17,1.17,(R) 1.18,(R) 1.17,1.18,3,40,9,54
Medium,"Charlotte, NC-SC",(R) 1.07,1.12,1.16,1.18,1.19,1.17,1.16,1.17,(R) 1.19,1.23,1.23,1.24,(R) 1.26,(R) 1.26,1.31,7,15,22,20
Very large,"Chicago, IL-IN",(R) 1.18,1.27,1.36,1.35,1.35,1.34,1.33,1.38,1.44,1.43,1.47,1.47,(R) 1.44,(R) 1.47,1.54,8,11,31,6
Large,"Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN",1.04,1.06,1.12,1.12,1.15,1.15,1.18,1.18,1.20,1.22,1.22,1.23,(R) 1.25,(R) 1.25,1.25,2,45,20,26
Large,"Cleveland, OH",1.02,1.02,1.06,1.06,1.07,1.08,1.10,1.13,1.15,1.17,1.15,1.15,1.13,1.12,1.10,-6,85,8,63
Small,"Colorado Springs, CO",1.02,1.03,1.04,1.04,1.05,1.07,1.08,1.10,1.11,1.14,(R) 1.15,1.18,(R) 1.19,(R) 1.20,1.19,4,22,17,34
Small,"Columbia, SC",1.03,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.05,1.06,1.05,1.05,1,59,2,80
Large,"Columbus, OH",1.03,1.04,1.10,1.11,1.13,1.14,1.17,1.18,1.20,(R) 1.22,1.22,1.22,1.19,(R) 1.18,1.18,-3,82,15,36
Small,"Corpus Christi, TX",1.03,1.03,1.03,1.04,1.04,1.03,1.03,1.03,1.03,1.03,1.04,1.05,1.04,1.05,1.04,1,58,1,83
Very large,"Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX",1.07,1.12,1.18,1.19,1.20,1.20,1.20,1.21,1.22,1.23,(R) 1.26,(R) 1.31,(R) 1.31,(R) 1.31,1.34,9,5,25,16
Medium,"Dayton, OH",1.03,1.04,1.05,1.06,1.06,1.07,1.08,1.10,1.11,1.12,1.12,1.13,1.13,1.11,1.10,-2,79,7,70
Large,"Denver-Aurora, CO",1.10,1.13,1.17,1.19,1.21,1.24,1.24,1.30,1.33,1.37,1.39,1.38,1.42,(R) 1.46,1.40,2,47,27,10
Very large,"Detroit, MI",1.12,1.13,1.28,1.29,1.34,1.36,1.33,(R) 1.32,1.33,1.35,1.36,1.35,(R) 1.33,(R) 1.35,1.36,1,64,21,23
Medium,"El Paso, TX-NM",1.02,1.03,1.04,1.05,1.07,1.07,1.09,(R) 1.08,1.07,(R) 1.09,1.10,1.14,(R) 1.16,(R) 1.17,1.16,6,16,14,41
Small,"Eugene, OR",1.02,1.03,1.04,1.04,1.05,(R) 1.05,1.05,1.05,1.06,1.06,1.07,1.09,1.12,1.11,1.10,4,27,8,63
Medium,"Fresno, CA",1.05,1.05,1.13,1.13,1.13,1.12,1.11,1.13,1.13,1.16,1.18,1.20,(R) 1.19,(R) 1.16,1.15,-1,76,10,53
Medium,"Grand Rapids, MI",1.03,1.03,1.07,1.07,1.09,1.11,1.11,1.10,1.11,1.12,1.15,1.15,1.14,1.14,1.15,3,37,12,46
Medium,"Hartford, CT",(R) 1.04,(R) 1.04,(R) 1.05,(R) 1.06,(R) 1.08,1.07,1.07,(R) 1.08,1.07,(R) 1.10,(R) 1.11,(R) 1.11,(R) 1.11,1.12,1.12,2,53,8,65
Medium,"Honolulu, HI",1.10,1.12,1.21,1.20,1.22,1.21,1.22,1.23,1.23,1.20,1.21,1.21,(R) 1.19,1.19,1.18,-2,78,7,66
Very large,"Houston, TX",1.28,1.39,(R) 1.31,1.25,1.24,1.24,1.26,1.26,1.30,1.34,1.33,1.36,(R) 1.36,(R) 1.37,1.39,4,29,9,61
Large,"Indianapolis, IN",1.03,1.03,1.06,1.08,1.10,1.16,1.20,1.22,1.25,1.26,1.22,1.23,(R) 1.24,(R) 1.25,1.24,-2,77,20,25
Medium,"Jacksonville, FL",1.04,1.05,1.11,1.12,1.14,1.14,1.14,1.18,1.17,1.16,1.14,1.14,1.15,(R) 1.15,1.16,0,65,12,48
Large,"Kansas City, MO-KS",1.01,1.02,1.04,1.04,1.05,1.06,1.07,1.06,1.08,1.09,1.09,1.11,(R) 1.10,(R) 1.10,1.10,1,63,9,55
Small,"Laredo, TX",(R) 1.03,1.03,1.03,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.05,1.06,1.07,1.07,1.07,1.07,1.08,1.07,0,65,4,78
Large,"Las Vegas, NV",1.07,(R) 1.10,1.23,1.25,1.24,1.24,1.28,1.27,1.30,1.33,1.33,1.34,(R) 1.34,(R) 1.35,1.35,2,56,26,14
Small,"Little Rock, AK",1.02,1.02,1.02,1.03,1.03,1.03,1.03,1.03,1.04,1.04,1.05,1.06,1.05,1.07,1.06,2,49,4,77
Very large,"Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA",1.30,1.35,1.80,1.79,1.76,1.73,1.64,1.72,1.78,1.77,1.83,1.80,(R) 1.76,(R) 1.77,1.77,0,65,36,1
Medium,"Louisville, KY-IN",1.09,1.09,1.08,1.10,1.13,1.15,1.16,1.16,1.19,1.21,(R) 1.22,1.24,1.24,1.22,1.24,2,44,14,39
Medium,"Memphis, TN-MS-AR",1.03,1.04,1.09,1.09,1.11,1.11,1.14,1.17,1.18,1.20,1.20,1.19,(R) 1.20,(R) 1.21,1.22,2,54,18,29
Very Large,"Miami, FL",(R) 1.09,(R) 1.11,(R) 1.20,(R) 1.21,(R) 1.26,(R) 1.26,(R) 1.26,(R) 1.28,(R) 1.29,(R) 1.30,(R) 1.31,(R) 1.34,(R) 1.35,(R) 1.37,1.40,8,12,28,8
Large,"Milwaukee, WI",1.05,1.07,1.12,1.12,1.15,1.17,1.16,1.19,1.20,1.20,1.22,1.25,(R) 1.25,(R) 1.24,1.24,3,31,18,31
Large,"Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN",1.03,1.06,1.12,1.12,1.14,1.16,1.20,1.22,1.23,1.30,1.32,1.35,(R) 1.32,(R) 1.34,1.34,3,32,30,7
Medium,"Nashville-Davidson, TN",1.07,1.08,(R) 1.09,1.08,1.08,1.09,1.12,1.13,1.14,1.16,1.15,1.18,1.18,1.18,1.19,3,42,11,49
Medium,"New Haven, CT",1.03,1.04,1.06,1.06,1.07,1.08,1.09,1.09,1.07,1.09,1.12,1.13,1.14,1.17,1.14,5,21,11,50
Large,"New Orleans, LA",1.10,1.14,1.16,1.19,1.18,1.16,1.20,1.20,1.20,1.19,1.19,1.20,1.18,(R) 1.17,1.18,-1,75,7,66
Very large,"New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT",1.13,1.16,1.31,1.28,1.27,1.28,1.31,1.33,1.34,1.36,1.36,1.40,(R) 1.38,(R) 1.38,1.40,3,33,24,18
Large,"Oklahoma City, OK",1.02,1.03,1.03,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.06,1.07,1.09,1.09,1.11,1.09,1.10,1.11,2,52,9,56
Medium,"Omaha, NE-IA",1.04,1.06,1.09,1.10,1.11,1.10,1.12,1.12,1.14,(R) 1.13,1.14,1.15,1.15,(R) 1.16,1.17,4,30,13,42
Large,"Orlando, FL",1.09,1.15,1.16,1.19,1.19,1.21,1.20,1.21,1.22,1.24,1.27,1.27,(R) 1.28,(R) 1.31,1.29,4,24,18,30
Medium,"Oxnard-Ventura, CA",1.04,1.07,1.10,1.09,1.10,1.10,1.14,1.15,1.16,1.14,1.14,1.19,1.19,1.21,1.20,5,18,15,35
Small,"Pensacola, FL-AL",1.03,1.04,1.08,1.09,1.09,1.11,(R) 1.10,1.11,1.10,1.12,1.12,1.12,1.14,1.12,1.12,0,65,9,60
Very large,"Philadelphia, PA-NJ-DE-MD",(R) 1.13,1.14,(R) 1.19,1.20,(R) 1.22,1.20,1.21,(R) 1.23,(R) 1.26,(R) 1.26,(R) 1.33,(R) 1.32,(R) 1.30,(R) 1.35,1.35,7,13,19,27
Large,"Phoenix, AZ",1.13,1.15,1.22,1.24,1.27,1.27,1.28,1.24,1.30,1.33,1.31,(R) 1.38,(R) 1.38,(R) 1.40,1.35,2,56,19,27
Large,"Pittsburgh, PA",1.08,1.09,1.10,1.09,1.09,1.09,1.09,1.10,1.10,1.10,1.11,1.12,1.10,1.10,1.10,0,65,2,82
Large,"Portland, OR-WA",1.05,1.07,1.16,1.17,1.20,1.24,1.25,(R) 1.28,1.31,1.35,1.34,1.37,(R) 1.37,(R) 1.39,1.38,2,46,31,4
Medium,"Providence, RI-MA",(R) 1.05,(R) 1.06,(R) 1.10,(R) 1.10,1.10,1.11,(R) 1.11,(R) 1.12,(R) 1.14,(R) 1.21,(R) 1.13,(R) 1.14,(R) 1.15,(R) 1.16,1.20,-1,74,14,38
Medium,"Raleigh-Durham, NC",1.05,1.07,1.12,1.09,1.12,1.12,1.13,1.14,1.13,1.15,1.15,1.15,1.16,1.19,1.18,3,40,12,44
Medium,"Richmond, VA",(R) 1.03,1.03,1.05,(R) 1.06,(R) 1.06,1.07,1.08,(R) 1.11,(R) 1.11,1.10,(R) 1.09,(R) 1.09,(R) 1.07,(R) 1.07,1.08,-2,81,5,75
Large,"Riverside-San Bernardino, CA",1.04,1.08,1.24,1.27,1.29,1.27,1.23,1.26,1.28,1.27,1.31,1.33,(R) 1.33,(R) 1.35,1.39,9,3,34,2
Medium,"Rochester, NY",1.01,1.02,1.03,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.04,1.05,1.05,1.06,1.05,1.06,1.06,1.06,1.06,0,65,5,71
Large,"Sacramento, CA",1.07,1.09,1.20,1.20,1.18,1.19,1.22,1.21,1.24,1.23,1.24,1.26,(R) 1.28,(R) 1.29,1.33,8,9,24,17
Small,"Salem, OR",1.02,1.02,1.04,1.05,1.05,(R) 1.06,1.07,(R) 1.06,(R) 1.07,(R) 1.07,(R) 1.08,(R) 1.08,(R) 1.08,(R) 1.09,1.11,4,28,9,56
Medium,"Salt Lake City, UT",1.03,1.05,1.08,1.10,(R) 1.13,1.13,1.15,1.17,1.17,1.15,1.16,1.17,1.18,(R) 1.24,1.27,10,2,23,19
Large,"San Antonio, TX",1.05,1.08,(R) 1.07,1.07,1.08,1.07,1.08,1.12,1.12,1.13,1.16,(R) 1.22,(R) 1.24,(R) 1.22,1.23,9,6,17,33
Large,"San Diego, CA",1.06,1.09,1.24,1.22,1.23,1.22,1.22,1.22,1.23,1.25,1.26,1.32,(R) 1.32,(R) 1.32,1.39,11,1,31,5
Very large,"San Francisco-Oakland, CA",1.21,1.36,1.50,1.42,1.41,1.44,1.40,1.45,1.45,1.42,1.47,1.49,(R) 1.54,(R) 1.54,1.55,9,4,28,9
Large,"San Jose, CA",1.18,1.30,1.44,1.41,1.34,1.34,1.33,1.34,1.33,1.30,1.34,1.39,1.42,1.43,1.39,7,14,18,32
Medium,"Sarasota-Bradenton, FL",1.12,1.12,1.14,1.16,1.16,1.18,1.19,1.15,1.19,1.19,1.20,1.24,1.22,1.22,1.25,5,19,12,47
Large,"Seattle, WA",(R) 1.07,(R) 1.13,(R) 1.29,(R) 1.33,(R) 1.38,(R) 1.35,(R) 1.34,(R) 1.36,(R) 1.36,(R) 1.40,(R) 1.39,(R) 1.41,(R) 1.35,(R) 1.35,1.35,-4,83,26,14
Small,"Spokane, WA",1.02,1.03,(R) 1.04,1.04,(R) 1.05,(R) 1.08,(R) 1.08,1.06,1.06,1.07,(R) 1.08,1.08,1.08,1.07,1.07,0,65,5,73
Medium,"Springfield, MA-CT",1.05,1.05,1.06,1.06,1.06,1.06,1.05,1.06,1.06,1.06,1.06,1.07,1.07,1.06,1.07,1,61,2,81
Large,"St. Louis, MO-IL",(R) 1.09,(R) 1.12,(R) 1.12,(R) 1.12,(R) 1.14,(R) 1.18,(R) 1.19,(R) 1.21,(R) 1.21,(R) 1.24,(R) 1.23,(R) 1.24,(R) 1.25,(R) 1.22,1.24,0,65,14,39
Large,"Tampa-St. Petersburg, FL",1.19,1.21,1.26,1.29,1.29,1.30,1.32,1.32,1.31,1.29,1.28,1.29,(R) 1.27,(R) 1.31,1.31,2,55,10,52
Medium,"Toledo, OH-MI",1.02,1.02,1.03,1.03,1.03,1.04,1.05,1.06,1.06,1.08,1.08,1.09,1.10,1.11,1.11,3,35,9,56
Medium,"Tucson, AZ",1.06,1.06,1.11,1.13,1.13,1.14,1.15,1.15,(R) 1.15,1.19,1.21,1.21,(R) 1.20,(R) 1.24,1.29,8,7,22,22
Medium,"Tulsa, OK",1.02,1.03,1.05,1.05,1.05,1.05,1.05,1.06,1.07,1.08,1.09,(R) 1.09,1.12,(R) 1.12,1.11,3,35,9,56
Large,"Virginia Beach, VA",1.08,1.11,(R) 1.14,1.14,1.14,1.13,1.15,1.16,1.18,1.18,1.19,1.19,(R) 1.16,(R) 1.18,1.21,3,43,12,45
Very large,"Washington, DC-VA-MD",1.18,1.23,1.33,1.35,1.37,1.38,1.37,1.40,1.44,1.43,1.46,(R) 1.47,(R) 1.44,(R) 1.46,1.50,5,20,27,12
NA,85-Area Average,(R) 1.12,(R) 1.16,(R) 1.28,(R) 1.27,(R) 1.28,(R) 1.28,(R) 1.27,(R) 1.30,(R) 1.32,(R) 1.32,(R) 1.34,(R) 1.35,(R) 1.34,(R) 1.35,1.37,4,NA,22,NA
NA,Very Large Area Average ,1.19,(R) 1.24,(R) 1.42,(R) 1.41,(R) 1.41,(R) 1.41,(R) 1.38,(R) 1.42,(R) 1.44,(R) 1.45,(R) 1.48,(R) 1.48,(R) 1.47,(R) 1.48,1.50,3,NA,26,NA
NA,Large Area Average ,(R) 1.07,(R) 1.10,(R) 1.17,1.18,(R) 1.19,1.20,(R) 1.21,(R) 1.22,1.24,(R) 1.25,(R) 1.26,(R) 1.28,(R) 1.28,(R) 1.29,1.30,4,NA,21,NA
NA,Medium Area Average ,1.05,1.06,1.09,(R) 1.09,(R) 1.10,1.11,(R) 1.12,(R) 1.13,(R) 1.14,(R) 1.15,(R) 1.15,(R) 1.16,(R) 1.16,(R) 1.17,1.18,3,NA,12,NA
NA,Small Area Average ,(R) 1.04,1.04,1.06,1.06,1.07,1.07,1.07,(R) 1.07,1.08,(R) 1.08,(R) 1.09,1.10,(R) 1.10,(R) 1.10,1.10,2,NA,6,NA
KEY: NA = not applicable; R = revised.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Very large urban areas – over 3 million population.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Large urban areas – over 1 million and less than 3 million population.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Medium urban areas – over 500,000 and less than 1 million population.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Small urban areas – less than 500,000 population.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
a Rank is based on the calculated point change with the highest number corresponding to a rank of 1.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
NOTE,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"The Travel Time Index (TTI) is the ratio of peak period travel time to free flow travel time. The TTI expresses the average amount of extra time it takes to travel in the peak relative to free-flow travel. A TTI of 1.3, for example, indicates a 20-minute free-flow trip will take 26 minutes during the peak travel time periods, a 6-minute (30 percent) travel time penalty.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
SOURCE,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"1982-2002: Texas Transportation Institute, The 2004 Annual Urban Mobility Report (College Station, TX: 2004), Internet site http://mobility.tamu.edu as of Sep. 13, 2004.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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