PURPOSE
The ARMS is the primary source of information to the U.S.
Department of Agriculture and the public on a broad range
of issues about U.S. agricultural resource use, costs, and
farm sector financial conditions. The ARMS is the only source
of information available for objective evaluation of many
critical issues related to agriculture and the rural economy.
The survey is conducted in collaboration with the Economic
Research Service (ERS).
COVERAGE
The sample is designed to provide coverage of all farms in
the 48 contiguous States plus state level data for 15 major
cash receipts states. The farm population includes all establishments
which produced and sold, or would normally have sold, at least
$1,000 of agricultural products during the previous year.
A sample from the NASS list frame is supplemented by a sample
of area tracts to ensure complete coverage.
CONTENT
The ARMS collects production practices and cost of production
data on selected commodities. The ARMS also collects detailed
whole farm financial information from a representative sample
of farms and ranches across the country. ARMS is collected
in three data collection phases:
The initial phase, ARMS Screening survey, collects general
farm data such as crops grown, livestock inventory, and value
of sales. Screening data are used to qualify (or screen) farms
for the other phases.
The second phase, (Phase II), collects data associated with
agricultural production practices, resource use, and variable
costs of production for specific commodities. Commodities
are surveyed on a predetermined rotation with up to five commodities
surveyed in a given year. Farm operators provide data on fertilizer
and nutrient applications, pesticide applications, pest management
practices, and irrigation.
The final phase, (Phase III) collects whole farm finance,
operator characteristics, and farm household information.
Farm operators provide data on farm operating expenditures,
capital improvements, assets, and debt for agricultural production.
In addition, operators provide data on farm-related income,
government payments, the source and amount of off-farm income,
and characteristics of themselves and their household.
FREQUENCY
The three phase survey is conducted annually. The initial
phase is conducted from May through July. Phase II is conducted
from September through December. Phase III is conducted from
February through April with the reference period the previous
year. Respondents sampled in Phase II are asked to complete
a Phase III report. Data from both phases provide the link
between agricultural resource use and farm financial conditions.
METHODS
Operators are selected to assure adequate coverage by state
and region and to minimize reporting burden. Strata are based
on state, value of agricultural sales and type of farm. Phase
I screening is performed by mail and phone. Operators that
are in business and/or have the commodity of interest are
eligible to be selected for Phase II or Phase III. The commodity
of interest is determined by the ERS. Phases II data are collected
by personal interview. Phase III data are collected by mail,
phone, and personal interview.
PRODUCTS
NASS publishes two reports from ARMS. The first is called
Agricultural Chemical Usage - Field Crops and is released
in May following the Phase II data collection. The second
report is the Farm Production Expenditures, compiled from
the Phase III, is released in August. ERS prepares several
state, regional, and national reports using ARMS data including
Commodity Production Costs and Returns, Farm Operating and
Financial Characteristics and the Annual Report to Congress
on the Status of Family Farms.
USES
Farm organizations, commodity groups, agribusiness, Congress,
and the USDA use information from ARMS to evaluate the financial
performance of farm/ranch businesses and to make policy decisions
affecting agriculture. The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)
uses ARMS data to calculate the farm sector portion of the
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for the nation.
ARMS data provide the necessary background information to
support evaluations of the relationships among agricultural
production, resources and the environment.
SPECIAL FEATURES
The efficiency and strength of the ARMS design allows the
survey to address policy questions relevant to resource use
or financial issues. For example, commodity versions are rotated
every 5-6 years to focus on resource use and production costs
for specific commodities.
RELATED PROGRAMS
Census of Agriculture
Fruit and Vegetable Chemical Use February 2007
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