United States Department of Agriculture
Natural Resources Conservation Service
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Table 16. Profile of potential CAFOs, derived from the 1997 Census of Agriculture *

1,000 EPA animal units 750 EPA animal units 500 EPA animal units 300 EPA animal units
Amount Percent of total for farms with confined livestock types Amount Percent of total for farms with confined livestock types Amount Percent of total for farms with confined livestock types Amount Percent of total for farms with confined livestock types
Number of farms 11,398 4.8% 16,897 7.1% 27,012 11.4% 44,366 18.7%
Percent that primarily produce crops 0.2% 0.2% 0.3% 0.6%
Percent that primarily produce livestock 94.0% 92.8% 90.4% 85.8%
Number of farms by dominant livestock type:
Fattened cattle 1,766 9.9% 2,181 12.3% 2,982 16.8% 4,448 25.0%
Milk cows 1,450 1.5% 2,053 2.2% 3,425 3.6% 7,230 7.6%
Swine 3,924 7.6% 5,431 10.5% 8,271 16.0% 13,825 26.7%
Farrow-finish** 1,791 2,547 4,123 7,513
Grow-finish** 1,985 2,672 3,829 5,774
Farrow** 148 212 319 538
Turkeys 388 11.7% 650 19.6% 1,128 34.1% 2,003 60.5%
Broilers 2,945 16.6% 5,325 30.0% 9,268 52.1% 13,694 77.0%
Layers 546 11.1% 713 14.5% 987 20.1% 1,420 28.9%
Pullets 125 8.2% 196 12.8% 368 24.0% 711 46.4%
Veal 12 7.1% 17 10.1% 34 20.2% 69 41.1%
Confined heifers 242 6.3% 331 8.6% 549 14.3% 966 25.1%
Total agricultural sales ($) 41,612,719,837 46.1% 46,803,407,925 51.9% 53,990,058,155 59.8% 62,247,146,870 69.0%
Sales per farm 3,650,879 2,769,924 1,998,743 1,403,037
Livestock sales ($) 40,421,733,048 51.0% 45,253,604,870 57.1% 51,772,600,059 65.3% 58,823,823,880 74.2%
Sales per farm:
Mean 3,546,388 2,678,204 1,916,652 1,325,876
25th percentile 1,059,606 828,000 586,300 373,287
50th percentile (median) 1,510,469 1,174,898 875,000 607,611
75th percentile 2,614,725 1,992,600 1,436,984 1,031,801
90th percentile 5,500,000 3,980,800 2,769,867 1,946,800
95th percentile 10,983,000 7,247,832 4,821,400 3,240,000
Dollar value for sale of:
Cattle other than fattened cattle 1,023,604,897 24.9% 1,174,737,740 28.6% 1,474,731,105 35.9% 1,877,369,257 45.8%
Fattened cattle 17,122,605,326 84.7% 17,444,953,032 86.3% 17,887,949,434 88.5% 18,427,802,297 91.1%
Dairy products 4,817,922,724 25.4% 5,642,639,401 29.7% 6,976,059,340 36.7% 9,040,243,783 47.6%
Hogs and pigs 7,676,788,204 55.8% 8,532,027,550 62.0% 9,654,521,867 70.2% 11,007,852,819 80.0%
Chicken and turkey products 9,752,180,693 44.3% 12,428,137,586 56.5% 15,734,928,147 71.5% 18,410,985,099 83.7%
Specialty livestock products 6,003,016 21.4% 6,380,368 22.8% 14,524,533 51.9% 16,734,000 59.8%
Horses, ponies, mules, burros, donkeys 1,282,479 4.3% 2,513,185 8.4% 3,580,675 12.0% 5,257,772 17.6%
Sheep and goat products 21,345,709 24.2% 22,216,008 25.1% 26,304,958 29.8% 37,578,853 42.5%
Animal units:
Fattened cattle 8,054,276 84.6% 8,201,598 86.2% 8,406,448 88.3% 8,657,463 91.0%
Beef cows 580,686 12.7% 729,383 16.0% 1,004,344 22.0% 1,394,393 30.5%
Other beef cattle 3,238,360 54.0% 3,401,121 56.7% 3,681,519 61.4% 4,053,264 67.6%
Milk cows 2,798,343 22.8% 3,286,626 26.8% 4,074,118 33.2% 5,359,939 43.7%
Other dairy cattle 562,326 20.1% 659,076 23.5% 826,967 29.5% 1,109,515 39.6%
Hogs and pigs 4,559,021 53.7% 5,062,908 59.6% 5,747,293 67.7% 6,610,933 77.9%
Chickens 2,032,327 50.7% 2,531,669 63.1% 3,128,935 78.0% 3,595,434 89.6%
Turkeys 962,703 45.7% 1,194,667 56.8% 1,502,895 71.4% 1,864,350 88.6%
All types 22,788,043 45.8% 25,067,048 50.4% 28,372,518 57.0% 32,645,291 65.6%
End-of-year inventory:
Sheep and goats 69,723 8.9% 79,542 10.2% 116,138 14.9% 175,755 22.5%
Horses, ponies, mules, burros, donkeys 10,866 5.6% 14,244 7.3% 20,889 10.7% 31,604 16.2%
* Information in the Census of Agriculture is not adequate to precisely identify a farm as a CAFO. Potential CAFOs were estimated based on the livestock type and the estimated number of animals on the farm.
** Farrowing farms were swine farms with hogs for breeding comprising more than 75 percent of the swine animal units. Grow-finish farms were swine farms with hogs for slaughter comprising more than 75 percent of the swine animal units. Remaining swine farms were classified as farrow-finish farms.

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