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ISS016-E-5526

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Identification

Mission: ISS016 Roll: E Frame: 5526 Mission ID on the Film or image: ISS016
Country or Geographic Name: MEXICO
Features: ENSENADA,DUST PLUMES
Center Point Latitude: 31.9 Center Point Longitude: -116.3 (Negative numbers indicate south for latitude and west for longitude)
Stereo: (Yes indicates there is an adjacent picture of the same area)
ONC Map ID: JNC Map ID:

Camera

Camera Tilt: High Oblique
Camera Focal Length: 280mm
Camera: E4: Kodak DCS760C Electronic Still Camera
Film: 3060E : 3060 x 2036 pixel CCD, RGBG array.

Quality

Film Exposure:
Percentage of Cloud Cover: 10 (0-10)

Nadir

Date: 20071021 (YYYYMMDD)GMT Time: 192021 (HHMMSS)
Nadir Point Latitude: 37.1, Longitude: -112.5 (Negative numbers indicate south for latitude and west for longitude)
Nadir to Photo Center Direction: Southwest
Sun Azimuth: 182 (Clockwise angle in degrees from north to the sun measured at the nadir point)
Spacecraft Altitude: 182 nautical miles (337 km)
Sun Elevation Angle: 42 (Angle in degrees between the horizon and the sun, measured at the nadir point)
Orbit Number: 3075

Captions

Dust plumes, Baja California, Mexico

In October 2007, strong, dry Santa Ana winds raised a major dust plume and several minor plumes on the Baja California peninsula. The light brown dust spread west to the Pacific Ocean (image top right). Because they are warm, dry, and strong, Santa Ana winds reduce soil moisture and famously promote dust storms such as this. On this occasion, the Santa Anas also supported the outbreak of fires in southern California that resulted in significant damage to homes in hilly, wooded country.

Dust plumes are known to start from relatively small, dust-prone areas. Here the plumes rise from the Real del Castillo agricultural valley, which is surrounded by rocky hills in northern Baja California. The valley is 25 miles long, and part of Mexico’s wine-producing region. Specifically, the dust is rising from spreads of loose sediment known as alluvial fans. Small streams from the local hills carry sediment with every rainstorm and deposit it at the foot of small canyons on the east side of the valley. It is notable that the vegetated farmland itself—the small rectangular pattern on the valley floor—protects the soil from the wind and is not producing dust plumes.ISS016-E-005526 (21 Oct. 2007) --- Dust plumes, Baja California, Mexico are featured in this image photographed by an Expedition 16 crewmember on the International Space Station. A major dust plume and several minor plumes were raised during the strong, dry Santa Ana winds of October 2007. The light brown dust was transported west out to the Pacific Ocean (top right). According to meteorologists, Santa Ana winds, because they are warm, dry and strong, reduce soil moisture and generate frequent dust storms such as this. On this occasion, the Santa Anas supported the outbreak of fires in southern California resulting in significant damage to homes in hilly, wooded country. Dust plumes are known to start from relatively small, dust-prone areas. Here the plumes rise from the Real del Castillo agricultural valley--25 miles long, and part of Mexico's wine-producing region--surrounded by rocky hills in northern Baja California. Specifically, the dust is rising from spreads of loose sediment known as alluvial fans. Small streams from the local hills carry sediment with every rainstorm and deposit it at the foot of small canyons on the east side of the valley. It is notable that the vegetated farmland itself--the small rectangular pattern on the valley floor--protects the soil from the wind and is not producing dust plumes.

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