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Astronaut Photography of Earth - Display Record

ISS007-E-16813

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	File Name	File Size (bytes)	Width	Height	Annotated	Cropped	Purpose	Comments
View	ISS007-E-16813.JPG	81640	540	405	Yes	Yes	NASA's Earth Observatory web site
View	ISS007-E-16813.JPG	81640	540	405	Yes	Yes	NASA's Earth Observatory web site
View	ISS007-E-16813.JPG	84666	540	450			Photographic Highlights	(resized 540 px images)
View	ISS007-E-16813.JPG	90058	639	435	No	No
View	ISS007-E-16813_2.JPG	242347	922	768			Photographic Highlights	(actual files used)
View	ISS007-E-16813.JPG	1092799	1000	830	No	Yes	NASA's Earth Observatory web site	Color adjusted

Large Images to Request for Downloading

	File Name	File Size (bytes)	Width	Height	Annotated	Cropped	Purpose	Comments
Request	ISS007-E-16813.JPG	1186731	3032	2064	No	No
Request	ISS007-E-16813.JPG	3894691	3032	2064	No	No	NASA's Earth Observatory web site	color corrected
Request	ISS007-E-16813_2.JPG	5332504	6144	4068	No	No	Presentation	Earth Sciences Results Briefing/Ed Lu

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Electronic Image Data

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Identification

Mission: ISS007 Roll: E Frame: 16813 Mission ID on the Film or image: ISS007
Country or Geographic Name: USA-HAWAII
Features: OAHU, HONOLULU, DIAMOND HEAD
Center Point Latitude: 21.5 Center Point Longitude: -158.0 (Negative numbers indicate south for latitude and west for longitude)
Stereo: (Yes indicates there is an adjacent picture of the same area)
ONC Map ID: JNC Map ID:

Camera

Camera Tilt: 32
Camera Focal Length: 800mm
Camera: E4: Kodak DCS760C Electronic Still Camera
Film: 3060E : 3060 x 2036 pixel CCD, RGBG array.

Quality

Film Exposure:
Percentage of Cloud Cover: 25 (11-25)

Nadir

Date: 20031008 (YYYYMMDD)GMT Time: 214155 (HHMMSS)
Nadir Point Latitude: 19.7, Longitude: -159.1 (Negative numbers indicate south for latitude and west for longitude)
Nadir to Photo Center Direction: Northeast
Sun Azimuth: 157 (Clockwise angle in degrees from north to the sun measured at the nadir point)
Spacecraft Altitude: 203 nautical miles (376 km)
Sun Elevation Angle: 62 (Angle in degrees between the horizon and the sun, measured at the nadir point)
Orbit Number: 3877

Captions

Honolulu: The Expedition 7 crew on the International Space Station is set to come home to Earth in about a week. Crew member Ed Lu considers Honolulu to be his hometown, and the view from a recent overpass clearly inspired him to photograph the city.

Honolulu is striking for the way it is bound by surrounding geography. Built-up fingers of the city extend northeast onto the steep volcanic slopes and surround the volcanic craters of Punchbowl and Diamond Head, leaving undeveloped only parklands and the steepest ridges. They are both tuff cones that formed as magma from the erupting volcano came in contact with ground water at a time when sea levels were higher than they are now. As the water turned to steam, it caused an explosion that formed a hill of ash with a broad crater in the center.

In Hawaiian, Punchbowl Crater was known as Pu’owaina, or, “Hill of Sacrifice,” and was a site of royal burials. Punchbowl is also the site of the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific. The area includes over 38,000 graves of U.S. service men and women beginning with casualties of the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. Ellison Onizuka, one of the Space Shuttle Challenger crew killed in 1986, is also buried there.

Diamond Head was called Le’ahi in Hawaiian or “Brow of the yellowfin tuna (ahi)”. British sailors in the 1700s saw calcite crystals sparking on the crater and gave it its English name. One of the major “must see” tourist destinations on Oahu, Diamond Head is managed as a Hawaii State Monument, and plans are in place to reduce vehicle traffic and restore the natural vegetation.

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