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Astronaut Photography of Earth - Display Record

ISS007-E-15177

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	File Name	File Size (bytes)	Width	Height	Annotated	Cropped	Purpose	Comments
View	ISS007-E-15177.JPG	85729	540	540	Yes	Yes	NASA's Earth Observatory web site
View	ISS007-E-15177.JPG	85729	540	540	Yes	Yes	NASA's Earth Observatory web site
View	ISS007-E-15177.JPG	89503	639	435	No	No
View	ISS007-E-15177.JPG	94149	435	540			Photographic Highlights	(resized 540 px images)
View	ISS007-E-15177_2.JPG	170840	619	768			Photographic Highlights	(actual files used)
View	ISS007-E-15177.JPG	1631259	1000	1236	No	Yes	NASA's Earth Observatory web site	Color adjusted

Large Images to Request for Downloading

	File Name	File Size (bytes)	Width	Height	Annotated	Cropped	Purpose	Comments
Request	ISS007-E-15177.JPG	1211223	3032	2064	No	No
Request	ISS007-E-15177_2.JPG	6344867	6144	4068	No	No	Presentation	Earth Sciences Results Briefing/Ed Lu
Request	ISS007-E-15177.JPG	6732141	3032	2064	No	No	Earth From Space collection	Color adjusted

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Electronic Image Data

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Identification

Mission: ISS007 Roll: E Frame: 15177 Mission ID on the Film or image: ISS007
Country or Geographic Name: BRAZIL
Features: LENCOIS MARANHENSES, DUNES
Center Point Latitude: -2.5 Center Point Longitude: -43.0 (Negative numbers indicate south for latitude and west for longitude)
Stereo: (Yes indicates there is an adjacent picture of the same area)
ONC Map ID: JNC Map ID:

Camera

Camera Tilt: 22
Camera Focal Length: 400mm
Camera: E4: Kodak DCS760C Electronic Still Camera
Film: 3060E : 3060 x 2036 pixel CCD, RGBG array.

Quality

Film Exposure:
Percentage of Cloud Cover: 10 (0-10)

Nadir

Date: 20030921 (YYYYMMDD)GMT Time: 194325 (HHMMSS)
Nadir Point Latitude: -1.7, Longitude: -44.1 (Negative numbers indicate south for latitude and west for longitude)
Nadir to Photo Center Direction: Southeast
Sun Azimuth: 271 (Clockwise angle in degrees from north to the sun measured at the nadir point)
Spacecraft Altitude: 205 nautical miles (380 km)
Sun Elevation Angle: 16 (Angle in degrees between the horizon and the sun, measured at the nadir point)
Orbit Number: 3609

Captions

The area shown here (10 km across) is a small part of the dune field which is now protected as the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, on Brazil’s north coast, about 700 km east of the Amazon River mouth. Persistent winds blow off the equatorial Atlantic Ocean onto Brazil from the east, driving white sand inland from the 100 km stretch of coast (upper margin of the image), to form a large field of dunes. The strongly regular pattern of these dunes is a common characteristic of dune fields. The basic shape of each sand mass, repeated throughout the view, is a crescent-shaped dune. In an area with a rich supply of sand such as coastal Brazil, individual crescents coalesce to form entire chains many miles long. The wind strength and supply of sand are sufficient to keep the dunes active, and thus free of vegetation, despite 1500 mm (60 inches) of rainfall annually. The dark areas between the white dunes are fresh water ponds that draw fisherman to this newly established park.

The characteristic regularity of the dune landscape can be detected downwind (west) for more than 100 km, beyond the present dune field. Now covered by dense forest, the greater extent of this dune field indicates that climates have been substantially drier at the Equator in the recent geological past.

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