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HYDROGEOLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF ACID MINE
DRAINAGE IN GROUND WATER IN THE VICINITY OF
PENN MINE AND CAMANCHE RESERVOIR, CALAVERAS
COUNTY, CALIFORNIA: SECOND-YEAR SUMMARY, 1992-93

By Scott N. Hamlin and Charles N. Alpers

Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4257

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

METHODS HYDROGEOLOGY WATER QUALITY FLOW RATE AND METAL LOADING OF CONTAMINATED GROUND WATER

SUMMARY

REFERENCES

Appendix 1. Lithologic logs and well-construction data from USGS monitoring wells GS-1 through GS-20 at Penn Mine site

Appendix 2. Geophysical and selected acoustic-televiewer logs from USGS monitoring wells GS-10, -11, -12, -13, -14, -15, -16, and -18 at Penn Mine site

Appendix 3. Flowmeter data from USGS monitoring wells GS-10, -11, and -16, at Penn Mine site, December 1993

Appendix 4. Water-level altitudes from USGS monitoring wells at Penn Mine site, September 1992 to November 1993

CONVERSION FACTORS, WATER-QUALITY INFORMATION, VERTICAL DATUM, AND WELL-NUMBERING SYSTEM

_______________________________________________________________________
Multiply                            By            To obtain
_______________________________________________________________________
acre                               0.4047         hectare
acre                               4,047          square meter
cubic foot per day (ft³/d)         0.02832        cubic meter per day
foot (ft)                          0.3048         meter
foot per day (ft/d)                0.3048         meter per day
foot squared per day (ft²/d)       0.0929         meter squared per day
gallon per day (gal/d)             0.004546       cubic meter per day
gallon per minute (gal/min)        0.06308        liter per second
inch (in.)                         2.54           centimeter
mile (mi)                          1.609          kilometer
square foot (ft²)                  0.09290        square meter
________________________________________________________________________
Temperature is given in degrees Celsius ( C), which can be converted to 
degrees Fahrenheit ( F) by the following equation:

       Temp degrees Fahrenheit = 1.8 temp degrees Celsius + 32.

WATER-QUALITY INFORMATION

Chemical concentrations in water are given in milligrams per liter (mg/L) or micrograms per liter ( g/L). Milligrams per liter is a unit expressing the mass of solute per unit volume (liter) of water. One thousand micrograms per liter is equivalent to 1 milligram per liter. For dissolved solids concentrations less than about 7,000 mg/L, milligrams per liter is equivalent to "parts per million," and micrograms per liter is equivalent to "parts per billion."

VERTICAL DATUM

Sea level: In this report, "sea level" refers to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 a geodetic datum derived from a general adjustment of the first-order level nets of the United States and Canada, formerly called Sea Level Datum of 1929.

Well-Numbering System

Wells are identified and numbered according to their location in the rectangular system for the subdivision of public lands. Identification consists of the township number, north or south; the range number, east or west; and the section number. Each section is divided into sixteen 40-acre tracts lettered consecutively (except I and O), beginning with "A" in the northeast corner of the section and progressing in a sinusoidal manner to "R" in the southeast corner. Within the 40-acre tract, wells are sequentially numbered in the order they are inventoried. The final letter refers to the base line and meridian. In California, there are three base lines and meridians; Humboldt (H), Mount Diablo (M), and San Bernardino (S). All wells in the study area are referenced to the Mount Diablo base line and meridian (M). Well numbers consist of 15 characters and follow the format 004N010E04G002M. In this report, well numbers are abbreviated and written 4N/10E-4G2. Wells in the same township and range are referred to only by their section designation, 4G2. The following diagram shows how the number for well 4N/10E-4G2 is derived.

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