I. SAMPLING

A. Basic Sampling Theory and Sampling Designs

1. Cochran, W.G. Sampling Techniques, 3rd ed. Toronto: Wiley, 1977.

The classic text on sampling techniques presents a comprehensive account of sampling theory as it has been developed for use in sample surveys. It contains illustrations to show how the theory is applied in practice, and exercises to be worked by the students. Emphasis was placed on mathematical proofs of sampling theory. A fair amount of mathematical and statistical skills in the readers are presupposed by the author.

2. Hájek, J. Sampling From a Finite Population. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1981.

The monograph presents approaches and results in finite population sampling, along with useful approximations. It is supplemented by theoretical considerations and numerical calculations. The book is divided into three sections. Part I deals with basic concepts, featuring a dialogue between the Bayesian and robust approaches. Part II gives a detailed anatomy of methods of sampling and sample correction. Part III evaluates methods of estimation and proposes a general approach to estimation.

3. Hedayat, A.S., & Sinha, B.K. Design and Inference in Finite Population Sampling. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1991.

The book is an introduction to design and inference in survey sampling for students at the senior or graduate level in statistics. Practitioners of survey sampling would also find the theoretical results in the book useful to their work. It starts with a discussion on probability sampling and inference in finite population sampling, followed by descriptions of various kinds of estimators and sampling designs. The last three chapters of the book deal with special topics in sampling: the superpopulation approach to inference in finite population sampling; randomized response; small area estimation, nonresponse problems and resampling techniques.

4. Kish, L. Survey Sampling. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1965.

This is a classic text on survey sampling. It is written for social scientists who need to conduct surveys. The book provides a working knowledge of practical sampling methods. Necessary working formulas and underlying assumptions are given. Readers will also find a variety of examples, with computations laid out in detail. The book consists of three parts. Part 1 deals with the fundamentals of survey sampling, such as basic sampling theory and some commonly used designs. Part 2 discusses special problems and techniques in survey sampling. The author discusses issues like area sampling, multistage sampling and sampling from imperfect frames. Part 3 discusses biases and nonsampling errors, as well as some issues of inference from survey data.

5. Krishnaiah, P.R., & Rao, C.R. Handbook of Statistics, Vol. 6 (Sampling). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1988.

The volume is devoted to the theory and practice of sample surveys. Various authors contributed chapters on the following special topics: Historical account of random sampling methods; overview of survey sampling; optimality of sampling strategies; cost-efficiency of simple random sampling; role of randomization in inference; systematic sampling; repeated sampling over time; theoretical aspects of inference in finite population; interpenetrating subsamples; analysis of contingency tables compiled from survey data; various methods of variance estimation in sample surveys; methodology of ratio and regression estimation; special survey techniques in environmental and ecological studies; sampling methods in marketing research; methods for controlling and estimating observational errors in sample surveys; new problems in the design of sample surveys.

6. Levy, P.S., & Lemeshow, S. Sampling of Populations: Methods and Applications. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1999.

As with earlier editions, this edition was written for the practicing statistician and for researchers who work with complex sample survey data. Thus, important formulas are highlighted and the procedures for drawing a sample are presented step-by-step. Because of its emphasis on self-learning, the book remains an excellent choice for individuals who want to learn how to analyze complex sample survey data and who find heuristic demonstrations and small hand-worked examples to be informative. The authors also illustrate how one can use SUDAAN and STATA to obtain estimates and standard errors for various sampling designs.

7. Levy, P.S., & Lemeshow, S. Sampling for Health Professionals. Belmont, CA: Lifetime Learning Publications, 1980.

The book is designed as a reference for the working statistician. It is also a primary text for a course in sample survey methods that emphasizes applications rather than theory. The book covers basic sampling theory and have chapters describing various sampling designs, such as systematic sampling and two-stage cluster sampling. For each type of sampling designs, the author describes how to set up the design, estimation of population parameters, sampling distribution of estimates. It also discusses costs, feasibility, statistical problems, and measurement problems in connection with a proposed sample survey.

8. Kasprzyk, D., Duncan, G.J., Kalton, G., & Singh, M.P. Panel Surveys. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1989.

This volume contains 22 invited papers presented at the symposium "The International Symposium on Panel Surveys" held in 1986. The book is organized into the following sections: (1) Issues in the Design of Panel Surveys; (2) Collection and Design Issues; (3) Statistical Design and Estimation; (4) Database Management; (5) Sources of Nonsampling Error; (6) Panel Conditioning; (7) Estimation of Cross-Sectional and Change Parameters; and (8) Modeling Consideration. Further, the chapters within each section are of three types—providing a general review of a topic related to panel surveys, presenting results related to methodological issues common to panel surveys, or presenting current research on panel survey problems.

9. Skinner, C.J., Holt, D., & Smith, T.M.F., eds. Analysis of Complex Surveys. New York: Wiley, 1989.

The edited book resulted from two research programs on "The Analysis of Data from Complex Surveys" held in the United Kingdom between 1977 and 1985 and the conference was attended by a number of international researchers with expertise in complex surveys. The book was divided into three parts: (1) aggregated analysis—standard errors and significance tests; (2) aggregrated analysis—point estimation and bias; and (3) disaggregated analysis—modeling structured populations. The author pointed out that "typical readers" of the book would be researchers who wish to apply statistical methods to survey data and who are familiar with those methods to the level of Bishop et al. (1975), for contingency table analysis, or Draper and Smith (1981) for regression analysis. A background in survey sampling to the level of a text such as Cochran (1977) is also assumed.

B. Sampling Members from Rare Populations

10. Thompson, S.K. Sampling, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1992.

The book covers the basic and standard sampling design and estimation methods and, in addition, gives special attention to methods for populations that are inherently difficult to sample, elusive, rare, clustered, or hard to detect. It is intended as a reference for scientific researchers and others who use sampling and as a textbook for a graduate or upper-level undergraduate course in sampling.

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