TITLE: Double Cropping and Interplanting
PUBLICATION DATE: August 1994
ENTRY DATE: April 1995
EXPIRATION DATE:
UPDATE FREQUENCY:
CONTACT: Jane Gates
Alternative Farming Systems Information Center
National Agricultural Library
Room 304, 10301 Baltimore Ave.
Beltsville, MD 20705-2351
Telephone: (301) 504-6559
FAX: (301) 504-6409
Internet: afsic@nal.usda.gov
DOCUMENT TYPE: text
DOCUMENT SIZE: 445k (217 pages)
==============================================================
ISSN: 1052-5378
United States Department of Agriculture
National Agricultural Library
10301 Baltimore Blvd.
Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351
Double Cropping and Interplanting
January 1991 - February 1994
QB 94-51
Quick Bibliography Series Bibliographies in the Quick Bibliography Series of the
National Agricultural Library, are intended primarily for
current awareness, and as the title of the series implies, are
not indepth exhaustive bibliographies on any given subject.
However, the citations are a substantial resource for recent
investigations on a given topic. They also serve the purpose
of bringing the literature of agriculture to the interested
user who, in many cases, could not access it by any other
means. The bibliographies are derived from computerized on-
line searches of the AGRICOLA data base. Timeliness of topic
and evidence of extensive interest are the selection criteria.
The author/searcher determines the purpose, length, and search
strategy of the Quick Bibliography. Information regarding
these is available upon request from the author/searcher.
Copies of this bibliography may be made or used for
distribution without prior approval. The inclusion or
omission of a particular publication or citation may not be
construed as endorsement or disapproval.
To request a copy of a bibliography in this series, send the
series title, series number and self-addressed gummed label
to:
U.S. Department of Agriculture
National Agricultural Library
Public Services Division, Room 111
Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351
Document Delivery information:
Double Cropping and Interplanting
January 1991 - February 1994
Quick Bibliography Series: QB 94-51
Updates QB 91-122
391 citations in English from AGRICOLA
Mary V. Gold
Alternative Farming Systems Information Center
August 1994
National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:
Gold, Mary V.
Double cropping and interplanting : January 1991-February
1994.
(Quick bibliography series ; 94-51)
1. Double cropping--Bibliography. I. Title.
aZ5071.N3 no.94-51
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits
discrimination in its programs on the basis of race, color,
national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political
beliefs, and marital or familial status. (Not all prohibited
bases apply to all programs). Persons with disabilities who
require alternative means for communication of program
information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should
contact the USDA Office of Communications at (202) 720-5881
(voice) or (202) 720-7808 (TDD).
To file a complaint, write the Secretary of Agriculture, U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 20250, or call
(202) 720-7327 (voice) or (202) 720-1127 (TDD). USDA is an
equal employment opportunity employer.
AGRICOLA
Citations in this bibliography were entered in the AGRICOLA
database between January 1979 and the present.
SAMPLE CITATIONS
Citations in this bibliography are from the National
Agricultural Library's AGRICOLA database. An explanation of
sample journal article, book, and audiovisual citations
appears below.
JOURNAL ARTICLE:
Citation # NAL Call No.
Article title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher. Journal Title.
Date. Volume (Issue). Pages. (NAL Call Number).
Example:
1 NAL Call No.: DNAL 389.8.SCH6
Morrison, S.B. Denver, Colo.: American School Food Service
Association. School foodservice journal. Sept 1987. v. 41
(8). p.48-50. ill.
BOOK:
Citation # NAL Call Number
Title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher, date. Information
on pagination, indices, or bibliographies.
Example:
1 NAL Call No.: DNAL RM218.K36 1987
Exploring careers in dietetics and nutrition.
Kane, June Kozak. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 1987.
Includes index. xii, 133 p.: ill.; 22 cm. Bibliography:
p. 126.
AUDIOVISUAL:
Citation # NAL Call Number
Title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher, date.
Supplemental information such as funding. Media format
(i.e., videocassette): Description (sound, color, size).
Example:
1 NAL Call No.: DNAL FNCTX364.A425 F&N AV
All aboard the nutri-train.
Mayo, Cynthia. Richmond, Va.: Richmond Public Schools,
1981. NET funded. Activity packet prepared by Cynthia
Mayo. 1 videocassette (30 min.): sd., col.; 3/4 in. +
activity packet.
Double Cropping and Interplanting
SEARCH STRATEGY
SET DESCRIPTION
S1 INTERCROP? OR (INTER()CROP?) OR INTERPLANTING?
OR OVERSEED? OR OVERSOW? OR INTERSEED?
S2 ((STRIP OR STRIPS)(3W)CROP?) OR STRIPCROP? OR
(MIXED()CROP?) OR (MULTIPLE()CROP?) OR
(CROP()MIXTURE)
OR (DOUBLE()CROP?) OR DOUBLECROP?
S3 (SEED()MIXTURE?) OR (COMPANION()(PLANT? OR CROP?))
OR (CROP()COMBINATION?)
S4 (MIXED()PASTURE?) NOT (SH=L100 OR SH=L500 OR
SH=L600)
S5 S1 OR S2 OR S3 OR S4
S6 S5 NOT TURF? OR FOREST?
S7 S6/TI,DE
S8 POLYCULTUR? NOT FISH
S9 S7 OR S8
S10 S9/ENG
S11 S10/1991-1994
Double Cropping and Interplanting
1 NAL Call. No.: S1.N32
2 crops for the price of 1: intercropping grosses up to
$332/A. Cramer, C.; Cicero, K.
Emmaus, Pa. : Rodale Institute; 1992 Feb.
The New farm v. 14 (2): p. 14-17; 1992 Feb.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Dakota; Intercropping; Mixed cropping;
Economic analysis
2 NAL Call. No.: HD101.S6
Adoption of double-cropping soybeans and wheat.
Shapiro, B.I.; Brorsen, B.W.; Doster, D.H.
Experiment, Ga. : Southern Agricultural Economics Association;
1992 Dec. Southern journal of agricultural economics v. 24
(2): p. 33-40; 1992 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Corn belt states of U.S.A.; Cabt; Glycine max;
Triticum aestivum; Double cropping; Probabilistic models;
Decision making; Risk; Farmers' attitudes; Farm income;
Profitability; Zea mays; Innovation adoption
Abstract: Double-cropping of soybeans and wheat is often
promoted by extension personnel. This paper seeks to explain
how the decision to adopt double-cropping is made, using a
Tobit regression model. Tobit makes use of more of the
information in the data set than do logit or probit and
explains not only the decision to double-crop but also the
rate of adoption. The paper considers factors such as profit
and risk perceptions and risk which have not been included in
the past models used to explain adoption of technology. The
results show that risk perception is important. Contrary to
the findings of some other adoption studies, this decision in
not influenced by human capital factors. The farmers who
double-crop are more highly leveraged and appear to do so both
to achieve higher income and as part of a risk diversification
strategy. This is consistent with the importance of the
location factor, measured as the average number of growing
degree days at the farm's location. Growing degree days is a
proxy for the actual distribution of returns from double-
cropping and is the main factor explaining this decision.
Extensive adoption of double-cropping in cooler regions of the
Midwest must await technological advances that can increase
the profitability of double-cropping by reducing the growing
season for wheat and/or beans.
3 NAL Call. No.: 382 SO12
Aflatoxin contamination in mustard (Brassica juncea) in
relation to agronomic practices.
Bilgrami, K.S.; Choudhary, A.K.; Masood, A.
Essex : Elsevier Applied Science; 1991.
Journal of the science of food and agriculture v. 54 (2): p.
221-228; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: India; Brassica juncea; Planting date; Continuous
cropping; Crop mixtures; Contamination; Aflatoxins
4 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.A45A32 1992
The AFNETA alley farming training manual.. Alley farming
training manual Core course in alley farming Source book for
alley farming research Tripathi, Bansh R.; Psychas, Paul J.;
Atta-Krah, Kwesi; Sanginga, N. Alley Farming Network for
Tropical Africa
Ibadan : Alley Farming Network for Tropical Africa,; 1992.
2 v. : ill., maps ; 30 cm. Includes bibliographical
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hedgerow intercropping; Cropping systems;
Agroforestry
5 NAL Call. No.: SB193.F59
Alfalfa emergence following interseeding into existing alfalfa
stands. Bortnem, R.; Boe, A.; Einhellig, F.
Georgetown, Tx. : American Forage and Grassland Council; 1992.
Proceedings of the Forage and Grassland Conference v. 1: p.
6-10; 1992. Proceedings of a meeting on "Forages '92:
Grassroots of Animal Agriculture," held April 5-9, 1992, Grand
Rapids, Michigan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Dakota; Medicago sativa; Cultivars;
Resowing; Seedling emergence
6 NAL Call. No.: SB193.F59
Alfalfa establishment with diverse annual ryegrass cultivars.
Sulc, R.M.; Albrecht, K.A.
Georgetown, Tx. : American Forage and Grassland Council; 1992.
Proceedings of the Forage and Grassland Conference v. 1: p.
1-5; 1992. Proceedings of a meeting on "Forages '92:
Grassroots of Animal Agriculture," held April 5-9, 1992, Grand
Rapids, Michigan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wisconsin; Medicago sativa; Lolium multiflorum;
Cultivars; Companion crops; Fodder crops; Crop yield; Crop
quality; Crop establishment
7 NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3
Alternative cropping systems and intensive irrigation under
arid zone conditions.
Dinar, A.; Yaron, D.; Baruchin, A.
Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1992.
Agricultural systems v. 38 (3): p. 301-318; 1992. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Israel; Double cropping; Arid regions; Farm
management; Sprinkler irrigation; Trickle irrigation;
Irrigation systems; Costs; Gross margins; Land use; Farm
inputs; Mathematical models; Cropping systems
8 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.B5
Alternatives to synthetic chemical insecticides for use in
crucifer crops. Endersby, N.M.; Morgan, W.C.
Oxon : A B Academic Publishers; 1991.
Biological agriculture and horticulture : an international
journal v. 8 (1): p. 33-52; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Australia; Cruciferae; Plutella xylostella;
Pieris rapae; Integrated pest management; Biological control;
Sterile insect release; Intercropping; Companion crops;
Varietal resistance; Barriers; Insecticides; Insect
repellents; Plant protection; Reviews
9 NAL Call. No.: DISS F1993010
Analysis of yield advantage in mixed cropping.
Ranganathan, Radha
Netherlands? : s.n.,; 1993.
ix, 93 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. Thesis statement and summary in
Dutch. Includes bibliographical references.
Language: English
10 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Annual phytomass production of a rye-corn double-cropping
system in Ontario. Tillenaar, M.; Mihajilovic, M.; Vyn, T.J.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Nov.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 84 (6): p.
963-967; 1992 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ontario; Secale cereale; Zea mays; Double
cropping; Dry matter accumulation; Sowing date; Plant height;
Growth rate; Phenology; Maturation period; Tillage; Harvesting
date
Abstract: A rye (Secale cereale L.)-corn (Zea mays L.)
double-cropping system has the potential to maximize annual
phytomass production in Ontario. Field experiments were
conducted at Elora and Woodstock, ON, from 1981 to 1984 to
evaluate the impact of rye harvest and corn planting date
combinations during the spring as well as tillage methods on
annual above-ground phytomass production. Winter rye was
planted in late September or early October after corn harvest
and either chemically killed in early May or harvested as
silage before corn planting. The rye/tillage treatments
consisted of no-rye/rototill, rye/rototill, and rye/no-till.
Corn phenology was monitored during the growing season and
corn above-ground dry matter was harvested in late September.
Rye phytomass was 2.7 and 4.5 Mg ha-1 at the middle of May in
Elora and Woodstock, respectively, and 5.4 Mg ha-1 at the end
of May in Elora. Rate of leaf appearance and plant height
during early development was reduced, silking date was
delayed, and plant moisture at corn harvest was higher for
corn following rye in comparison to single-crop corn. The
impact was largest in the no-till treatments. The combination
of rye harvest date/corn planting date and tillage treatment
that resulted in the highest phytomass production in the rye-
corn double-cropping sequence was 6 to 10% higher than that of
early planted corn. The reduction in corn dry matter
accumulation due to the preceding rye crop and the delay in
date of corn planting negated to a large extent the
contribution of rye phytomass to the total phytomass
production of the rye-corn double-cropping sequence.
11 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Antibiosis to fall armyworm in Honduran landrace sorghum.
Meckenstock, D.H.; Castro, M.T.; Pitre, H.N.; Gomez, F.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Oct.
Environmental entomology v. 20 (5): p. 1259-1266; 1991 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Honduras; Sorghum bicolor; Spodoptera frugiperda;
Antibiosis; Intercropping; Zea mays
Abstract: Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith),
is an early season production constraint of sorghum, Sorghum
bicolor (L.) Moench, and maize, Zea mays L., in Central
America. Because fall armyworm populations decline after a
brief buildup on landrace sorghum, this study was conducted to
determine whether antibiosis was a mechanism of resistance.
Three fall armyworm feeding experiments were conducted in the
laboratory using whorl-leaf material collected daily from
sorghum. Experiments began with neonate larvae once plants had
lived for 30-40 d. Mortality, pupal weight, generation time,
intrinsic rate of increase (rm), and relative fitness were
used to make inferences about antibiosis. Experiment 1
determined that the moderately resistant cheek, 1821 c.m. (rm
= 0.31), was comparable to the susceptible check, 'Huerin
Inta' (r = 0.30), thus indicating that its mechanism of
resistance was probably larval nonpreference. However,
landrace San Bernardo III (rm = 0.27) significantly suppressed
fall armyworm population density increase. Experiment 2
confirmed resistance in landrace San Bernardo III and showed
that its resistance could be combined with that of inbred line
TAM428 to produce an enhanced level of antibiosis. The
mechanism of resistance in 'AF28' also was shown to be
antibiosis. Experiment 3 indicated that antibiosis may be
widespread in landrace populations and that it was manifested
differently than in 'AF28'. Cohorts raised on three landrace
accessions attained significantly lower pupal weights (184-191
mg/larva-1) than those raised on 'AF28' (216 mg/larva-1). They
also suffered significantly higher mortality on 'AF28' (42%)
than those raised on landrace populations (16-30%). Antibiosis
was detected in the landrace accessions San Bernardo III,
Hilate-179, Pina-61, and Lerdo-104. A hypothesis, based on
differential selection and increased selection pressure
brought about through intercropping with maize, is presented
to explain the development of antibiosis
12 NAL Call. No.: 281.8 C16
The application of multivariate stochastic dominance criteria
to agricultural economic problems.
Jeffrey, S.R.; Eidman, V.R.
Ottawa : Canadian Agricultural Economics and Farm Management
Society; 1991 Jul.
Canadian journal of agricultural economics; Revue Canadienne
d'economie rurale v. 39 (2): p. 193-209; 1991 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Minnesota; Dairy farming; Structural change;
Risk; Multivariate analysis; Stochastic processes; Livestock
numbers; Crop mixtures; Land use; Simulation models
13 NAL Call. No.: QK867.J67
Applied phosphorus and potassium effects on yield of
dallisgrass-bermudagrass pastures.
Jones, W.F.; Watson, V.H.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
Journal of plant nutrition v. 14 (6): p. 585-597; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Paspalum dilatatum; Cynodon
dactylon; Nutrient requirements; Potassium; Phosphorus;
Nutrient availability; Potassium chloride; Ammonium nitrate;
Monocalcium phosphate; Application rates; Dry matter
accumulation; Crop yield; Nitrogen; Yield response functions;
Nutrient nutrient interactions; Mineral content; Nutrient
content; Forage; Mixed pastures; Clay soils
Abstract: There are substantial areas of dallisgrass
(Paspalum dilatatum Poir.)-common bermudagrass (Cynodon
dactylon (L.). Pers.) summer-type pastures in the Southeastern
Central Plain, but little information is available on their
response to P and K fertilization. The purpose of this study
was to measure the response of dallisgrass-common bermudagrass
pastures to P and K fertilization with and without N.
Phosphorus and K were applied to two soils in May each year
for three years. Yield data were collected by clipping a swath
through the length of the plots when the minimum forage height
was approximately 30 cm. Responses to P and K applications
were obtained when the soil test levels were low to very low,
but not when they were medium as determined by the Mississippi
Soil Test (MST). Forage P concentration of the control in the
medium P and K soil was within the adequate range of 2.8 to
3.4 g/kg, but forage K concentration was below the critical
range of 16 to 18 g/kg. Forage P and K concentrations of the
controls in the low P and K soil were below critical levels.
At both locations forage P and K concentrations were increased
by P and K fertilization. Available soil P increased with rate
of P application but soil extractable K was unaffected by K
application. No yield response to P and K are likely at medium
soil test levels (MST) even at high rates of N. There was no
response to P and K application without N.
14 NAL Call. No.: 60.19 B773
Assessment of contrasting perennial ryegrasses, with and
without white clover, under continuous sheep stocking in the
uplands. 3. Herbage production, quality and intake.
Davies, D.A.; Fothergill, M.; Jones, D.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991 Mar.
Grass and forage science : the journal of the British
Grassland Society v. 46 (1): p. 39-49; 1991 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wales; Lolium perenne; Trifolium repens; Crop
mixtures; Pastures; Sheep; Herbage; Productivity; Organic
matter; In vitro digestibility; Lambs; Feed intake; Forage;
Chemical composition; Stocking rate; Liveweight gain
15 NAL Call. No.: QL750.O3
Augumentation of beneficial arthropods by strip-management. 4.
Surface activity, movements and activity density of abundant
carabid beetles in a cereal field.
Lys, J.A.; Nentwig, W.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992.
Oecologia v. 92 (3): p. 373-382; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cereals; Pterostichus cupreus; Pterostichus
melanarius; Carabidae; Habitats; Strip cropping; Population
density; Movement
16 NAL Call. No.: S75.F87
Ballyhooing beans.
DePolo, J.
East Lansing, Mich. : The Station; 1992.
Futures - Michigan State University, Agricultural Experiment
Station v. 10 (1): p. 27; 1992.
Language: English
Descriptors: Michigan; Experimental stations; University
research; Phaseolus; Beta vulgaris; Companion crops
17 NAL Call. No.: 10 EX72
Banana and bean intercropping factors affecting bean yield and
land use efficiency.
Wortmann, C.S.; Sengooba, T.; Kyamanywa, S.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1992 Jul.
Experimental agriculture v. 28 (3): p. 287-294; 1992 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Uganda; Musa; Phaseolus vulgaris; Intercropping;
Land use; Shading; Soil properties; Crop yield
18 NAL Call. No.: SF85.A1R32
Benefits of intercrops as feed sources for livestock.
Esmail, S.H.M.
Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1991 Aug.
Rangelands v. 13 (4): p. 193-195; 1991 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Soybeans; Intercropping; Maize; Sorghum; Silage;
Livestock; Shading
19 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Bermudagrass-subterranean clover response to nitrogen
application. Brink, G.E.; Fairbrother, T.E.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Oct.
Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (4): p. 591-595; 1992
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Cynodon dactylon; Trifolium
subterraneum; Oversowing; Ammonium nitrate; Application rates;
Application date; Crop yield; Dry matter accumulation; Crop
quality; Crop establishment
20 NAL Call. No.: A00109
The better way...controlling weeds with intercropping.
Washington, DC : National Biotechnology Policy Center of the
National Wildlife Federation; 1991 Dec.
The gene exchange v. 2 (4): p. 8; 1991 Dec.
Language: English
Descriptors: Trifolium repens; Zea mays; Intercropping; Crop
yield
21 NAL Call. No.: S601.A34
Biodiversity of microarthropods in agricultural soils:
relations to processes. Crossley, D.A. Jr; Mueller, B.R.;
Perdue, J.C.
Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1992 May.
Agriculture, ecosystems and environment v. 40 (1/4): p. 37-46;
1992 May. In the Special Issue: Biotic Diversity in
Agroecosystems / edited by M.G. Paoletti and D. Pimentel.
Proceedings from a symposium on Agroecology and Conservation
Issues in Tropical and a Temperate Regions, September 26-29,
1990, Padova, Italy. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Soil arthropods; Soil biology; Agricultural
soils; Species diversity; Population dynamics; Farming
systems; Fertilizers; Cultivation; Cropping systems;
Pesticides; Trophic levels; Food chains; Soil organic matter;
Soil flora; Free living nematodes; Roots; Ecosystems;
Sustainability; Literature reviews
22 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.B5
A bio-economic evaluation of intercropping arrangements in a
yam-cassava based cropping system in the rain forest belt of
Nigeria.
Anuebunwa, F.O.
Oxon : A B Academic Publishers; 1992.
Biological agriculture and horticulture : an international
journal v. 8 (3): p. 251-260; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nigeria; Dioscorea rotundata; Zea mays; Citrullus
lanatus; Manihot esculenta; Intercropping; Crop yield; Crop
production; Energy value; Economic evaluation; Productivity;
Profitability
23 NAL Call. No.: S596.7.D4
Biological nitrogen fixation in mixed legume/grass pastures.
Ledgard, S.F.; Steele, K.W.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992.
Developments in plant and soil sciences v. 49: p. 137-153;
1992. In the series analytic: Biological nitrogen fixation
for sustainable agriculture / edited by J.K. Ladha, T. George,
and B.B. Bohlool. Extended versions of papers presented in the
symposium "Role of biological nitrogen fixation in sustainable
agriculture", 1990, Kyoto, Japan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mixed pastures; Leguminosae; Gramineae; Nitrogen
fixation; Sustainability
Abstract: Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in mixed
legume/grass pastures is reviewed along with the importance of
transfer of fixed nitrogen (N) to associated grasses.
Estimates of BNF depend on the method of measurement and some
of the advantages and limitations of the main methods are
outlined. The amounts of N fixed from atmospheric N2 in
legume/grass pastures throughout the world is summarized and
range from 13 to 682 kg N ha-1 yr-1. The corresponding range
for grazed pastures, which have been assessed for white clover
pastures only, is 55 to 296 kg N ha-1 yr-1 . Biological
nitrogen fixation by legumes in mixed pastures is influenced
by three primary factors; legume persistence and production,
soil N status, and competition with the associated grass(es).
These factors and the interactions between them are discussed.
Legume persistence, production and BNF is also influenced by
many factors and this review centres on the important effects
of soil moisture status. soil acidity, nutrition, and pests
and disease. Soil N status interacts directly with BNF in the
short and long term. in the short-term, increases in soil
inorganic N occurs during dry conditions and where N
fertiliser is used, and these will reduce BNF. In the long-
term, BNF leads to accumulation of soil N, grass dominance,
and reduced BNF. However. cyclical patterns of legume and
grass dominance can occur due, at least in part, to temporal
changes in plant-available N levels in soil. Thus, there is a
dynamic relationship between legumes and grasses whereby
uptake of soil N by grass reduces the inhibitory effect of
soil N on BNF and competition by grasses reduces legume
production and BNF. Factors affecting the competition between
legumes and grasses are considered including grass species,
grazing animals, and grazing or cutting management. Some fixed
N is transferred from legumes to associated grasses. The
amount of N transferred 'below-ground', predominantly through
decomposition of legume roots and nodules, has been estimated
at 3 to 102 kg N ha-1 yr-1 or 2 to 26% of BNF. In grazed
pasture, N is also transferred 'above-ground' via return in
animal excreta and this can be of a similar magnitude to
'below-ground' transfer. Increased BNF in mixed legume/grass
pastures is being obtained through selection or breeding of
legumes for increased productivity and/or to minimize effects
of nutrient limitations. low soil moisture, soil acidity, and
pests and disease. Ultimately, this will reduce the need to
modify the pasture environment and increase the role of
legumes in low-input, sustainable agriculture.
24 NAL Call. No.: S596.7.D4
Biological nitrogen fixation in mixed legume-cereal cropping
systems. Fujita, K.; Ofosu-Budu, K.G.; Ogata, S.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992.
Developments in plant and soil sciences v. 49: p. 155-175;
1992. In the series analytic: Biological nitrogen fixation
for sustainable agriculture / edited by J.K. Ladha, T. George,
and B.B. Bohlool. Extended versions of papers presented in the
symposium "Role of biological nitrogen fixation in sustainable
agriculture", 1990, Kyoto, Japan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Legumes; Cereals; Intercropping; Nitrogen
fixation; Sustainability
Abstract: Cereal/legume intercropping increases dry matter
production and grain yield more than their monocultures. When
fertilizer N is limited, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is
the major source of N in legume-cereal mixed cropping systems.
The soil N use patterns of component crops depend on the N
source and legume species. Nitrogen transfer from legume to
cereal increases the cropping system's yield and efficiency of
N use. The use of nitrate-tolerant legumes. whose BNF is
thought to be little affected by application of combined N,
may increase the quantity of N available for the cereal
component. The distance between the cereal and legume root
systems is important because N is transferred through the
intermingling of root systems. Consequently, the most
effective planting distance varies with type of legume and
cereal. Mutual shading by component crops, especially the
taller cereals, reduces BNF and yield of the associated
legume. Light interception by the legume can be improved by
selecting a suitable plant type and architecture. Planting
pattern and population at which maximum yield is achieved also
vary among component species and environments. Crops can be
mixed in different proportions from additive to replacement or
substitution mixtures. At an ideal population ratio a semi-
additive mixture may produce higher gross returns.
25 NAL Call. No.: QC73.6.E5
Biomass potential of selected grass and legume crops.
Cherney, J.H.; Johnson, K.D.; Volenec, J.J.; Greene, D.K.
Washington, DC : Taylor & Francis; 1991 Jul.
Energy sources v. 13 (3): p. 283-292; 1991 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Biomass production; Festuca arundinacea; Phalaris
arundinacea; Panicum virgatum; Medicago sativa; Lotus
corniculatus; Marginal land; Fertilization; Secale cereale;
Sorghum bicolor; Double cropping; Feasibility studies; Crop
management
26 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Botanical composition of tropical grass-legume pastures
estimated with near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.
Pitman, W.D.; Piacitelli, C.K.; Aiken, G.E.; Barton, F.E. II
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Jan.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (1): p. 103-107; 1991 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Paspalum notatum; Aeschynomene Americana;
Macroptilium lathyroides; Mixed pastures; Botanical
composition; Measurement; Sampling; Infrared spectroscopy;
Equations; Estimation; Computer software
Abstract: Quantifying pasture composition requires either
laborious or subjective approaches. Evaluations of near-
infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to determine
botanical composition of mixed pasture swards have shown
potential. In this study, characterization of botanical
composition of pastures comprised primarily of bahiagrass
(Paspalum notatum Flugge), aeschynomene (Aeschymomene
americana L.) and phasey bean [Macroptilium lathyriodes (L.)
Urb.] by NIRS was evaluated. Three approaches (hand-composited
samples, single-component samples, and actual pasture samples)
were compared for equation development. Theoretical potential
of NIRS is illustrated by high coefficients of determination
(0.98-0.99) and low standard errors (1.4-2.9%) of equations
for the above species from hand-composited samples. Equations
developed from the three approaches were evaluated for
estimation of the botanical composition of a separate group of
pasture samples. Equations developed from hand-composited
samples from a single source of each component were not
acceptable for estimating composition of pasture samples
despite the excellent calibration statistics. Single-component
samples approached adequate results only for composite total
grass and total legume groups, even though the pasture sample
composition appeared to be well represented in the calibration
sample set. Equations from pasture samples provided useful
estimates of sample means, although some individual samples
were poorly estimated. Thus, botanical composition of these
pastures may be estimated using equations from actual pasture
samples, and estimates of total grass and total legume may be
obtained from use of single-component samples, which provides
further labor reductions. A comparison of original software
and updated software packages CAL, BEST, REG70, and partial
least squares principal component regression showed none to be
consistently superior.
27 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1I66
Botanical pesticides in Africa.
Grossman, J.
Berkeley, Calif. : Bio-Integral Resource Center; 1993 Jan.
The IPM practitioner v. 15 (1): p. 1-9; 1993 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Africa; Botanical insecticides; Integrated pest
management; Pyrethrins; Eugenol; Pesticides; Environmental
impact; Citral; Intercropping; Fungicides; Herbicides;
International organizations; Sustainability
28 NAL Call. No.: NBULD3656 1991 A238
Breeding sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) for
intercropping systems.. University of Nebraska--Lincoln thesis
: Agronomy
Abdulai, Mashark Seidu
1991; 1991.
ix, 95 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm. Includes bibliographical
references.
Language: English
29 NAL Call. No.: 10 EX72
Canopy duration and structure of pigeonpea intercropped with
upland rice. Ramakrishna, A.; Ong, C.K.; Reddy, S.L.N.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1992 Jul.
Experimental agriculture v. 28 (3): p. 295-307; 1992 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Andhra pradesh; Cajanus cajan; Cultivars;
Interactions; Intercropping; Oryza sativa; Canopy; Crop yield;
Vertisols
30 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Canopy structure in soybean monocultures and soybean-sorghum
mixtures: impact on aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) landing
rates.
Bottenberg, H.; Irwin, M.E.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Jun.
Environmental entomology v. 21 (3): p. 542-548; 1992 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Illinois; Glycine max; Monoculture; Sorghum
bicolor; Crop mixtures; Canopy; Aphidoidea; Incidence; Insect
control; Insect traps; Monitoring
Abstract: Aphid landing rates were monitored with horizontal
mosaic green pan traps in monocultures of soybean, Glycine max
(L.) Merrill, and in additive mixtures of soybean with dwarf
or tall isolines of sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.
Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) colonized sorghum whorls and was
the major species caught in pan traps. Weekly aphicide spot
applications to sorghum whorls, starting at 36 d after
planting, did not suppress R. maidis colonies significantly
until after the third application. Landing rates of R. maidis
alatae were similar in treated and untreated crop mixtures.
The lack of a significant difference may have resulted from
immigration of R. maidis alatae from outside the experimental
field but inefficient colony suppression may have produced
similar results. Mixed cropping reduced landing rates of Aphis
gossypii Glover, Aphis helianthi complex, and Lipaphis erysimi
(Kaltenbach) on sorghum plants, and R. maidis on soybean
plants. Generally, landing rates were equally reduced in the
mixtures with tall or dwarf sorghum. The percentage of ground
covered by vegetation, which was less in monocultures than in
mixtures, proved to be more important than crop height in
reducing aphid landing rates. All aphid species landed
randomly on soybean and sorghum plants within dwarf sorghum
mixtures. However, in tall sorghum mixtures Aphis nerii Boyer
de Fonscolombe and A. gossypii preferred to land on soybean
whereas Aphis spiraecola Patch landed more often on sorghum.
Landing R. maidis alatae did not show a preference for sorghum
or soybean in the crop mixtures. Different sensitivities to
microclimatic conditions may explain these behavioral
patterns.
31 NAL Call. No.: 421 En895
Carabid beetle assemblage under diversified agroecosystems.
Tonhasca, A. Jr
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1993 Sep.
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata v. 68 (3): p. 279-285;
1993 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ohio; Cabt; Zea mays; Glycine max; Carabidae;
Ecosystems; Habitats; Insect communities; Intercropping;
Monoculture; No-tillage; Tillage; Species diversity; Trapping
32 NAL Call. No.: SB599.P45
cDNA cloning and characterization of two barley peroxidase
transcripts induced differentially by the powdery mildew
fungus Erysiphe graminis. Thordal-Christensen, H.; Brandt, J.;
Cho, B.H.; Rasmussen, S.K.; Gregersen, P.L.; Smedegaard-
Petersen, V.; Collinge, D.B.
London : Academic Press; 1992 Jun.
Physiological and molecular plant pathology v. 40 (6): p.
395-409; 1992 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hordeum vulgare; Peroxidase; Dna libraries;
Erysiphe graminis; Nucleotide sequences; Amino acid sequences;
Gene expression
Abstract: A cDNA library of RNA from barley leaves inoculated
with Erysiphe graminis was screened using labelled cDNA
enriched for specific sequences by subtractive hybridization
against RNA from non-inoculated leaves. This resulted in
isolation of several clones representing pathogen induced
genes. By cross-hybridization and sequence analysis, one of
the cDNAs (pBT6-3) was found to be a partial clone
representing a putative peroxidase, for which a full-length
cDNA clone (pBH6-301) was subsequently isolated. The predicted
amino acid sequence revealed a 21 amino acid signal peptide
and a 294 amino acid mature protein (31 kDa) and shows 56%
amino acid identity to a basic peroxidase from turnip, 89% to
a putative peroxidase from wheat, but only 38% to the amino
acid sequence derived from the cDNA clone (pcD1311) of a
second putative barley peroxidase expressed in leaves.
Northern blot analysis showed that the pBT6-3 (pBH6-301)
transcript is elevated as early as 4 h after inoculation with
E. graminis f. sp hordei and that two maxima in transcript
levels appear, which can be correlated with penetration
attempts by the fungus. The amount of the pcD1311 transcript
was also found to increase in inoculated leaves but at a later
time point.
33 NAL Call. No.: SB599.C8
Chemical and biological control of Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 in
snap bean double-cropped with corn.
Sumner, D.R.; Lewis, J.A.; Gitaitis, R.D.
Oxford : Butterworths-Heinemann Ltd; 1992 Apr.
Crop protection v. 11 (2): p. 121-126; 1992 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Phaseolus vulgaris; Zea mays; Double
cropping; Rhizoctonia solani; Plant pathogenic fungi;
Fungicides; Chemical control; Biological control; Biological
control agents; Efficacy; Crop yield
34 NAL Call. No.: aS622.S6
Chemical use down in Iowa project.
Mitchell, P.
Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1992 May.
Soil & water conservation news - U.S. Deptartment of
Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service v. 13 (1): p. 14; 1992
May.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Watershed management; Water quality;
Groundwater pollution; Nitrates; Fertilizers; Strip cropping
35 NAL Call. No.: QH301.N32
Circadian control of gene expression and morphogenesis by heat
shock in barley.
Beator, J.; Kloppstech, K.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1992.
NATO ASI series : Series A : Life sciences v. 226: p. 101-106.
ill; 1992. In the series analytic: Regulation of chloroplast
biogenesis / edited by J.H. Argyroudi-Akoyunoglou. Proceedings
of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop, July 28-August 3, 1991,
Crete, Greece. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hordeum vulgare; Circadian rhythm; Gene
expression; Greening; Heat shock; Morphogenesis; Phytochrome;
Messenger RNA
36 NAL Call. No.: 80 AM371
A clean choice.
Bremer, A.H.
Chicago, Ill. : American Nurseryman Publishing Company; 1993
Jun01. American nurseryman v. 177 (11): p. 38-41; 1993 Jun01.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ornamental woody plants; Plantations; Cover
crops; Trifolium pratense; Grasses; Crop mixtures
37 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Companion crop forage establishment: producer practices and
perceptions. Simmons, S.R.; Martin, N.P.; Sheaffer, C.C.;
Stuthman, D.D.; Schiefelbein, E.L.; Haugen, T.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jan.
Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (1): p. 67-72; 1992
Jan. Paper presented at a symposium on "Ecology and
Management of Grazing Systems" presented at the annual meeting
of the American Association for the Advancement of Science,
January 14-19, 1991, San Francisco, California. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Minnesota; Companion crops; Fodder crops; Crop
establishment; Crop management; Regional surveys; Erosion
control; Weed control; Lodging; Interspecific competition;
Genetic improvement
38 NAL Call. No.: 57.8 SO4
Companion crop plus herbicide improves alfalfa yield.
St. Louis, Mo. : Solutions Magazine; 1993 Mar.
Solutions v. 37 (3): p. 46; 1993 Mar.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wisconsin; Minnesota; Medicago sativa; Avena
sativa; Herbicides; Crop yield; Weed control; Companion crops
39 NAL Call. No.: QH548.P54 1991
Companion plants plants that help each other and how to use
them., Rev. ed.. Philbrick, Helen Louise Porter,; Gregg,
Richard B.
Kenthurst, NSW, Australia : Kangaroo Press,; 1991.
96 p. : ill. ; 21 cm. Includes bibliographical references (p.
89-91) and index.
Language: English
Descriptors: Symbiosis; Myrmecophilous plants
40 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.S86S8
Comparative evaluation of some inter-cropping systems in the
humid tropics of southern Nigeria.
Ghuman, B.S.; Lal, R.
Binghamton, N.Y. : Food Products Press; 1991.
Journal of sustainable agriculture v. 2 (2): p. 59-73; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nigeria; Zea mays; Dioscorea rotundata; Citrullus
colocynthis; Intercropping; Monoculture; Comparisons; Soil
water content; Soil temperature; Roots; Length; Density; Crop
yield; Humid tropics; Ultisols
41 NAL Call. No.: S601.A34
A comparison of moisture-conserving practices for the
traditional sorghum-based cropping system of the Bay Region,
in Somalia. Eagleton, G.E.
Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1991 Jun14.
Agriculture, ecosystems and environment v. 36 (1/2): p. 87-99;
1991 Jun14. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Somalia; Vertisols; Sorghum; Vigna unguiculata;
Vigna radiata; Arachis hypogaea; Water conservation; Soil
water; Bunds; Intercropping; Incorporation; Sorghum stubble;
Fallow; Crop yield; Grain; Seeds; Dry matter accumulation;
Land evaluation; Rain; Temporal variation; Phosphorus;
Nutrient availability; Phosphorus fertilizers; Use efficiency;
Continuous cropping; Soil water retention
42 NAL Call. No.: 443.8 H42
The competition diallel and the exploitation and interference
components of larval competition in Drosophila melanogaster.
De Miranda, J.R.; Hemmat, M.; Eggleston, P.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991 Jun.
Heredity v. 66 (pt.3): p. 333-349; 1991 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Drosophila melanogaster; Genotype mixtures;
Larvae; Animal competition; Diallel analysis; Mathematical
models; Relationships; Crop mixtures; Crop yield
Abstract: A logistic model of the competition diallel is
presented based on two linear parameters for the exploitation
component of competition, namely the acquisition rate (f) and
utilization efficiency (u), and one linear parameter for the
interference component of competition (i). This interference
component encompasses all phenomena that are uniquely related
to duocultures, such as resource partitioning, mutual
stimulation, inhibition and complementation. The model uses
yield-density regression coefficients (c-values), but could be
adapted to suit other variates that account for both
competitor density and relative frequency. In Drosophila
larval competition most interference is negative and depresses
the performance of duocultures with respect to monocultures,
over and above that expected from shared exploitation of a
common resource. Even in the closely controlled competitive
conditions of these experiments this interference accounts for
a considerable proportion of the total variation. The
isolation of a general, and therefore predictable,
interference component may prove useful in agriculture when
assessing the relative importance of mixture effects to the
yield potential of different crops.
43 NAL Call. No.: 10 EX72
Competitive effects of a short duration, bush type cowpea when
intercropped with cotton in Zimbabwe.
Natarajan, M.; Naik, D.M.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1992 Oct.
Experimental agriculture v. 28 (4): p. 409-416; 1992 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zimbabwe; Vigna unguiculata; Zea mays; Gossypium;
Intercropping; Plant competition; Yield components; Crop yield
44 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Competitive outcome among four pasture species in sterilized
and unsterilized soils.
Turkington, R.; Klein, E.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Soil biology and biochemistry v. 23 (9): p. 837-843; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dactylis glomerata; Holcus lanatus; Lolium
perenne; Trifolium repens; Plant competition; Rhizobium
leguminosarum; Soil flora; Microorganisms; Soil sterilization;
Pot experimentation; Crop mixtures; Monoculture; Competitive
ability; Dry matter accumulation; Weight; Survival; Crop
yield; Growth rate; Crop growth stage; Inhibition; Nutrient
availability
Abstract: Four pasture species (Dactylis glomerata, Holcus
lanatus, Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens) were grown in
monoculture and in all possible 2-, 3-, and 4-species
combinations in pots. One set of pots was filled with
sterilized soil in which most soil microorganisms and
mycorrhiza had been eliminated, a second set was unsterilized
and had an added Rhizobium inoculum. The experiment had four
successive destructive harvests. For each plant species,
regardless of the identity of its competitors, percentage
survival was lowest in unsterilized soils, but the mean weight
of survivors was unaffected, except for T. repens which had an
increased biomass. In addition, at the first harvest the
microorganisms and each of the plant species had a significant
effect on the relative growth rates of each of the target
plant species but this effect was not continued to the final
harvest. It is argued that either (a) in the unsterilized
soils microorganisms inhibit germination of some seeds or
adversely affect young seedlings, and that they compete with
growing plants for limited resources, (b) sterilization
eliminates most of the bacteria present and this along with
the added Rhizobium inoculum might contribute to the higher
survival in sterilized soil, or (c) the nature of
sterilization procedure alone increases the availability of
essential resources to growing plants.
45 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Competitiveness of lathyrus grown in monoculture and
intercropping systems with cereals.
Wall, D.A.; Campbell, C.G.
Madison, WI : American Society of Agronomy, c1987-; 1993 Jul.
Journal of production agriculture v. 6 (3): p. 399-403; 1993
Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lathyrus sativus; Cereals; Volunteer plants;
Intercropping; Crop weed competition; Interspecific
competition; Crop yield
46 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Competitiveness of lathyrus grown in monoculture and
intercropping systems with cereals.
Wall, D.A.; Campbell, C.G.
Madison, WI : American Society of Agronomy, c1987-; 1993 Jul.
Journal of production agriculture v. 6 (3): p. 399-403; 1993
Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lathyrus sativus; Cereals; Volunteer plants;
Intercropping; Crop weed competition; Interspecific
competition; Crop yield
47 NAL Call. No.: 60.19 B773
Component yields and quality of binary mixtures of lucerne and
perennial, Italian or short rotation hybrid ryegrass.
Jung, G.A.; Shaffer, J.A.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications,; 1993 Jun.
Grass and forage science : the journal of the British
Grassland Society v. 48 (2): p. 118-125; 1993 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Cabt; Mixed pastures; Medicago
sativa; Lolium perenne; Hybrids; Lolium multiflorum; Phleum
pratense; Genotype mixtures; Provenance; Cultivars;
Tetraploidy; Cold resistance; Winter hardiness; Grass sward;
Persistence; Crop yield; Herbage; Dry matter; Yield
components; Crop quality; In vitro digestibility; Nutritive
value
48 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.D3C652
A computer model for field machinery selection under multiple
cropping. Haffar, I.; Khoury, R.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1992 Sep.
Computers and electronics in agriculture v. 7 (3): p. 219-229;
1992 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Farm machinery; Selection; Computer simulation;
Simulation models; Multiple cropping; Microcomputers; Farm
size; Patterns; Cost analysis; Operating costs; Mathematical
models
49 NAL Call. No.: SB197.A1T7
Concentration and degradation of nitrogen and fibre fractions
in selected tropical grasses and legumes.
Brown, W.F.; Pitman, W.D.
St Lucia : Tropical Grassland Society of Australia; 1991 Sep.
Tropical grasslands v. 25 (3): p. 305-312; 1991 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Paspalum notatum; Hemarthria altissima;
Aeschynomene Americana; Indigofera hirsuta; Mixed pastures;
Crop mixtures; Crop quality; Forage; Nutritive value; Protein
content; Nitrogen content; Fiber content; In vitro
digestibility; Rumen flora; Microbial degradation
50 NAL Call. No.: aS627.C65C66 1992
Contour stripcropping Minnesota job sheet.. Minnesota job
sheet United States, Soil Conservation Service
St. Paul, Minn. : USDA Soil Conservation Service,; 1992; A
57.2:M 66/14. 1 sheet : col. ill ; 28 cm. Caption title.
June 1992. Shipping list no.: 92-0504-P.
Language: English
Descriptors: Contour farming; Soil conservation
51 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Conventional vs. no-till corn following alfalfa/grass: timing
of vegetation kill.
Smith, M.A.; Carter, P.R.; Imholte, A.A.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Sep.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 84 (5): p.
78-786; 1992 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wisconsin; Zea mays; Hybrids; No-tillage;
Rotations; Medicago sativa; Grasses; Crop mixtures;
Herbicides; Application date; Vegetation; Control; Tillage;
Systems; Sowing date; Plant residues; Growth; Responses; Soil
temperature; Soil water content; Seedling emergence; Yield
losses
Abstract: Producers who plant no-till corn (Zea mays L.)
following hay pasture are concerned about herbicide
application timing and efficiency to kill perennial
vegetation, plant residue effects on core growth, and optimal
corn planting date. A field study was conducted near
Arlington, WI, from 1985 to 1988 to evaluate the influences of
(i) conventional (CT) vs. no-till (NT), (ii) fall vs. spring
kill of perennial vegetation, (iii) late-April vs. mid-May
planting, and (iv) three hybrid maturities on corn following
legume/grass sod. Parameters measured include residue cover,
soil temperature, and soil moisture after planting; corn
emergence percentage; days to emergence; days to silk; grain
moisture; and grain yield. Tillage by time of vegetation kill
interactions were important for corn development and grain
yield. Few differences were observed between fall and spring
plowing in CT. For NT, however, chemically killing perennials
in the spring compared to in the fall resulted in greater
residue cover after planting (60-90% vs. 40%), and cooler and
drier soil in the seed zone after planting. Emergence was
delayed 1.5 to 4.0 d with spring-kill NT and subsequent
development was delayed throughout the growing season. Spring-
kill NT resulted in lower grain yields (-10 to -50%) compared
to fall-kill NT in 3 of 4 yr. For NT, when perennial
vegetation was killed in the fall and corn was planted early,
plant growth and grain yields were comparable to those for CT.
Fall-kill NT produced consistent growth and yield responses
during the study years, whereas spring-kill NT results were
more variable, with poorest results in the drought of 1988.
52 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Cool-season cover crops relay intercropped with cantaloupe:
influence on a generalist predator, Geocoris punctipes
(Hemiptera: Lygaeidae). Bugg, R.L.; Wackers, F.L.; Brunson,
K.E.; Dutcher, J.D.; Phatak, S.C. Lanham, Md. : Entomological
Society of America; 1991 Apr.
Journal of economic entomology v. 84 (2): p. 408-416; 1991
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Cucumis melo; Cover crops; Insect
control; Intercropping; Predators of insect pests; Beneficial
insects; Density; Geocoris punctipes
Abstract: Cool-season cover crops were used in efforts to
enhance densities of entomophagous insects on relay-
intercropped spring plantings of cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.
var. reticulatus Seringe). Eight cover-cropping regimes,
including a weedy fallow control, were tested in a replicated
trial. Cover crop significantly affected densities of the
predominant predator, a bigeyed bug, Geocoris punctipes (Say),
amid cover crops, on or near cantaloupe plants, and on or near
sentinel egg masses of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda
(J. E. Smith) pinned to cantaloupe leaves. No significant
difference was found for proportions of egg masses occupied or
damaged by predators. For all indices of predator abundance
and efficiency, absolute responses were highest for the plots
of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L., 'Mt.
Barker'). Numbers of G. punctipes per sentinel egg mass were
significantly greater for the subterranean clover regime than
for rye, crimson clover, and a polyculture of six cover crops,
but were not significantly greater than for 'Vantage' vetch or
the weedy fallow control plots. Rye showed particularly low
densities of G. punctipes. Cover crops had no apparent effect
on densities of aphids or whiteflies (Homoptera: Aphididae,
Aleyrodidae) on cantaloupe leaves.
53 NAL Call. No.: S540.A2F62
Corn forage and forage sorghum double cropping yield,
economics, crop nutrient removal, and quality.
Gallaher, R.N.; Ford, S.A.; McSorley, R.; Bennett, J.M.
Gainesville, Fla. : The Stations; 1991.
Agronomy research report AY - Agricultural Experiment
Stations, University of Florida (91-05): 14 p.; 1991.
Includes statistical data. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Zea mays; Sorghum; Sorghum bicolor x
sorghum sudanense; Cultivars; Double cropping; Crop
production; Cost analysis; Nutrient uptake; Statistics
54 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Corn growth following cover crops: influence of cereal
cultivar, cereal removal, and nitrogen rate.
Tollenaar, M.; Mihajlovic, M.; Vyn, T.J.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy, [1949-; 1993
Mar. Agronomy journal v. 85 (2): p. 251-255; 1993 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ontario; Cabt; Zea mays; Cover crops; Double
cropping; Secale cereale; Cultivars; Triticum aestivum; Crop
residues; Nitrogen fertilizers; Application rates; Biomass
production; Dry matter accumulation; Moisture content; Plant
height; Crop yield
Abstract: Rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crops often delay
development and reduce yield of corn (Zea mays L.). A 3-yr
study (1982-1984) was conducted to investigate the influence
of four rye cultivars and one wheat Triticum aestivum L.)
cultivar, rate of N application in the spring, and removal of
above-ground cereal phytomass on growth and development of
corn. Experiments were carried out at the Elora Research
Station, Ontario, in a split-plot design with two N levels
(145 and 220 kg ha-1) and five cereal cultivars as main plots,
and cereal phytomass removal or retention as sub-plots. Cereal
cultivars were planted in September after corn harvest and
corn was planted in the spring. Corn leaf number and height
were monitored during early corn development and whole-plant
dry matter and moisture of corn were measured in September.
The response of corn dry matter accumulation to cereal cover
crop cultivar, N rate, and above-ground cereal phytomass
varied among the 3 yr the study was conducted. Cereal
phytomass was largest in 1993 and the impact of the cereal
cover crop on corn growth and development was largest during
this year. In contrast, the impact of cereal cultivar on corn
was not associated with phytomass production among the five
cereal cultivars. The effects of cereal cultivar cover crop on
corn growth and development were largest for the rye cultivar
Kodiak and the wheat cultivar Gordon, but these cultivars
ranked third and fifth, respectively, in above-ground
phytomass production in the spring. Increased N application
could partially overcome the reduction in corn growth and
development due to the cereal cultivars Kodiak and Gordon, but
this was not the case for the other cereal cultivars. Removal
of above-ground cereal phytomass before corn planting
generally did not influence the delay in development and
reduction in yield of the subsequent corn crop. In conclusion,
the reduction in corn dry matter accumulation in response to
cereal cover crops is a complex phenomenon, involving quantity
of cereal residue, cereal cultivar and, occasionally, N
application.
55 NAL Call. No.: 100 T25F
Corn hybrids evaluated in pure stands, mixtures, and paired
rows. Graves, C.R.; West, D.R.; Kincer, D.R.; Harrison, M.;
Bradley, J. Knoxville, Tenn. : The Station; 1992.
Tennessee farm and home science : progress report - Tennessee
Agricultural Experiment Station (163): p. 23-27; 1992.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Hybrids; Variety trials; Moisture;
Stress; Pollination; Flowering; Maturation; Mixed cropping;
Crop yield
56 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Cotton root and aboveground development with intercropped and
conventional production systems.
Porter, P.M.; Khalilian, A.; Bathke, G.R.; Hood, C.E.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1992.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences v. 3: p. 1078-1081;
1992. Paper presented at the Cotton Physiology Conference,
1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium; Cropping systems
57 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Crimson clover management to enhance reseeding and no-till
corn grain production.
Ranells, N.N.; Wagger, M.G.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1993 Jan.
Agronomy journal v. 85 (1): p. 62-67; 1993 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Cover crops; Trifolium incarnatum; No-
tillage; Resowing; Strip cropping; Row orientation; Crop
yield; Grain; Growth rate; Soil water content
Abstract: Economic savings and increased legume-N use
efficiency may result from natural reseeding of winter annual
legume cover crops. A 3-yr experiment was conducted on a Cecil
fine sandy loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic
Kanhapludult) to examine the effects of crimson clover
(Trifolium incarnatum L.) strip desiccation width (25, 50, and
75% of row area) and orientation (parallel or perpendicular to
plant row) on soil water depletion, corn (Zea mays L.) growth
and grain yield, and clover reseeding. Additional treatments
included early desiccation (25% parallel strip 2 wk before
corn planting), annual seeding (complete desiccation at corn
planting), and mechanical disruption of clover growth by the
no-tillage planter. Early-season soil water was lower in
annual seeded plots compared to the 25% strip treatments each
year, however, soil water was limiting in only one of 3 yr.
Crimson clover successfully reseeded in all strip treatments
each year, with dry matter production ranging from 3.0 to 5.2
Mg ha-1 in 1990 and from 3.9 to 5.2 Mg ha-1 in 1991. Nitrogen
content of reseeded crimson clover biomass ranged from 86 to
134 kg ha-1 in 1990 and 93 to 111 kg ha-1 in 1991. Corn grain
yield was only marginally affected by clover strip management
in two out of 3 yr. Results suggest that under adequate
moisture conditions a 50% desiccated strip has the potential
to maximize clover N contribution. However, a 75% strip-width
can minimize potential competition with corn for water and
reduce physical impedance of the clover cover crop on corn
growth.
58 NAL Call. No.: QH540.E23
Crop rotation and intercropping strategies for weed
management. Liebman, M.; Dyck, E.
Tempe, Ariz. : Ecological Society of America; 1993 Feb.
Ecological applications v. 3 (1): p. 92-122; 1993 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Weeds; Cultural weed control; Weed biology;
Rotations; Intercropping; Seed banks; Plant density; Crop weed
competition; Allelopathy
59 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Crop rotation and tillage effects on corn growth and soil
structural stability.
Raimbault, B.A.; Vyn, T.J.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Nov.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (6): p. 979-985; 1991 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ontario; Zea mays; Rotations; Medicago sativa;
Hordeum vulgare; Triticum aestivum; Trifolium pratense;
Continuous cropping; Sequential cropping; Intercropping;
Tillage; Minimum tillage; Crop yield; Grain; Growth rate; Soil
structure; Aggregates; Stability; Long term experiments
Abstract: Increasing concerns about soil degradation with
continuous corn (Zea mays L.) production and a scarcity of
scientific information regarding corn grown in rotation with
the diversity of crops produced in Ontario, prompted a long
term study on the effect of various crop rotations and their
interaction with two tillage systems on corn growth and soil
structure. Eight rotations were established in 1980 which
included continuous corn, six rotations comprised of 2 yr of
corn following 2 yr of another crop or crop sequence, and
continuous alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Each rotation was
divided into either conventional tillage (fall moldboard plow)
or minimum tillage (fall chisel plow). First-year corn grown
in rotation yielded 3.9% more than continuous corn for
conventional tillage and 7.9% more than continuous corn for
minimum tillage. These corn responses to rotation were smaller
than most of those reported in the literature. When barley
(Hordeum vulgare L.) or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were the
preceding crops, interseeding red clover (Trifolium pratense
L.) increased first year corn yields only on conventionally
tilled plots. Corn plant development was consistently slower
with minimum tillage compared to conventional tillage. Yields
were significantly lower with minimum tillage for continuous
corn and where corn followed wheat interseeded with red
clover. Little or no response to rotation was observed in
second-year corn. The seedbed with continuous corn had a lower
proportion of fine aggregates compared to corn grown in
rotation. In most years soil aggregate stability was highest
under continuous alfalfa and including a legume (whether
alfalfa or interseeded red clover) in the rotation improved
aggregate stability compared to continuous corn.
60 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Cropping system and consolidation effects on rill erosion in
the Georgia piedmont.
West, L.T.; Miller, W.P.; Bruce, R.R.; Langdale, G.W.; Laflen,
J.M.; Thomas, A.W.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1992 Jul.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 56 (4): p.
1238-1243; 1992 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Glycine max; Sorghum bicolor; Trifolium
incarnatum; No-tillage; Tillage; Comparisons; Continuous
cropping; Double cropping; Surface layers; Horizons;
Modification; Rill erosion; Erodibility; Temporal variation;
Shear
Abstract: Consolidation and changes in surface horizon
properties induced by no-tillage may reduce soil loss to
levels beyond those attributable to surface residue alone. To
evaluate effects of consolidation and surface horizon
modification induced by long-term no-tillage on rill
erodibility and critical hydraulic shear, simulated rainfall
and inflow were applied to plots managed under conventionally
tilled monocropped soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.],
conventionally tilled monocropped grain sorghum [Sorghum
bicolor (L.) Moench], and no till double cropped crimson
clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and grain sorghum at three
sites with differing surface horizon clay contents. All
surface residue was removed prior to rainfall simulation, and
conventionally tilled cropping systems were evaluated in both
consolidated and freshly tilled conditions. Increases in
organic C from 9.3 to 12.9 g kg-1 and water-stable aggregates
from 50 to 76% induced by no-tillage resulted in a 60 to 70%
decrease in Kr for the no-till system, compared with
conventionally tilled systems. No differences in Kr were
observed for the two conventionally tilled systems. No
differences in critical hydraulic shear were observed among
the tillage systems. Consolidation within the conventionally
tilled treatments reduced Kr by approximately 60%, from that
observed for freshly tilled soil. The reduction was attributed
to greater resistance to detachment by flow associated with
soil strength increases due to consolidation. Differences in
Kr and critical hydraulic shear among the sites were small and
were not readily explained by any of the soil properties
evaluated. These results indicate that consolidation and
modification of surface soil properties under no-till cropping
systems are important factors that contribute to reduced rill
soil loss observed under no-tillage.
61 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Cropping systems for clay soils: irrigated and nonirrigated
soybean rotated with corn and sorghum.
Heatherly, L.G.; Wesley, R.A.; Elmore, C.D.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Apr.
Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (2): p. 248-253; 1992
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Glycine max; Zea mays; Sorghum
bicolor; Triticum aestivum; Crop yield; Seeds; Grain;
Rotations; Continuous cropping; Monoculture; Irrigated
conditions; Dry farming; Clay soils; Double cropping
62 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
Cropping systems for spring and winter cereals under simulated
pasture: Sward structure.
Baron, V.S.; Najda, H.G.; Salmon, D.F.; Pearen, J.R.; Dick,
A.C. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada, 1957-; 1993
Oct.
Canadian journal of plant science v. 73 (4): p. 947-959; 1993
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alberta; Cabt; Avena sativa; Hordeum vulgare;
Triticum aestivum; Triticale; Crop production; Crop yield;
Yield components; Continuous cropping; Intercropping; Double
cropping; Grass sward; Stand structure; Spring and winter
habit
63 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1P3
Damage by pod-sucking bugs on cowpea when intercropped with
maize. Gethi, M.; Khaemba, B.M.
London : Taylor & Francis; 1991 Jul.
Tropical pest management v. 37 (3): p. 236-239; 1991 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kenya; Clavigralla tomentosicollis; Clavigralla;
Vigna unguiculata; Zea mays; Insect pests; Infestation; Pods;
Crop yield; Crop damage; Intercrops; Intercropping; Spatial
variation; Fields; Cultural control; Pest control
64 NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3
A decision model for variety mixtures to control yellow rust
on winter wheat. Yong, L.; Zadoks, J.C.
Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1992.
Agricultural systems v. 38 (1): p. 17-33; 1992. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Puccinia striiformis; Triticum; Varieties; Crop
mixtures; Disease control; Decision making; Simulation models;
Frequency dependent selection; Stability; Races; Disease
models; Plant pathogens; Evaluation; Optimization; Disease
resistance
65 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Decomposition of sorghum residue in a double-crop sorghum and
wheat system. Wilson, D.O.; Raymer, P.L.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1992 Aug.
Soil biology and biochemistry v. 24 (8): p. 789-793; 1992 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Sorghum bicolor; Cultivars; Triticum
aestivum; Double cropping; Crop residues; Decomposition;
Incorporation; Temporal variation; Dry matter; Nitrogen;
Losses from soil systems; Carbon-nitrogen ratio; Ultisols
Abstract: An understanding of crop residue decomposition
patterns is fundamental to the efficient management of
residue, particularly in double-cropping systems. In a 3-yr
study conducted at Plains, Ga, decomposition of residue from
three grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cultivars
buried in mesh (53-micrometer) bags at two different times was
monitored for 160-225 d, depending on the year. No consistent
differences in decomposition patterns among the cultivars were
apparent. Residue dry matter and N loss from both Burial 1
(immediately after sorghum grain harvest) and Burial 2 [prior
to planting wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell), about 50 d
after Burial 1] followed exponential patterns. During the
interval between Burial 1 and Burial 2, slower decomposition
of the standing residue resulted in Burial 2 residue being
reduced to means of 77 and 84% of the original dry matter and
N values, respectively; whereas, mean values for the buried
Burial 1 residue had declined to 50 and 76% for original dry
matter and N, respectively. However, by 225 d after Burial 1,
both residues had very similar relative dry matter and N
values. At 225 d, the mean relative dry matter remaining for
Burial 1 and Burial 2 residues were 36 and 33%, respectively.
The mean relative N remaining at 225 d for Burial 1 and Burial
2 residues were 67 and 64%, respectively. The C-to-N ratio of
the residue decreased linearly with time from an initial mean
of 33.3 to a mean of 15.8 after 225 d of decomposition. The
results demonstrate that sorghum residue is readily decomposed
in soils of the southeastern U.S.A.
66 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Decreasing rates of nonselective herbicides in double-crop no-
till soybeans (Glycine max).
Moseley, C.M.; Hagood, E.S. Jr
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1991 Jan.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of
America v. 5 (1): p. 198-201; 1991 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Virginia; Glycine max; Double cropping; No-
tillage; Weed control; Chemical control; Chlorimuron; Linuron;
Glyphosate; Paraquat; Herbicide mixtures; Digitaria
sanguinalis; Application rates
67 NAL Call. No.: QH540.J6
Denitrification in grass and forest vegetated filter strips.
Groffman, P.M.; Axelrod, E.A.; Lemunyon, J.L.; Sullivan, W.M.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Jul.
Journal of environmental quality v. 20 (3): p. 671-674; 1991
Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rhode Island; Strip cropping; Grass strips;
Festuca arundinacea; Phalaris arundinacea; Quercus; Acer
rubrum; Denitrification; Soil types; Soil ph
Abstract: Denitrification was measured in two grass and two
forest vegetated filter strips (VFS) in Rhode Island. The
grass plots were established on a well-drained soil and were
planted to either tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) or reed
canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea). One forest site was on an
excessively well-drained soil and was dominated by oak
(Quercus sp.), and the other was on a poorly drained soil and
was dominated by red maple (Acer rubrum). Denitrification was
measured using soil cores under aerobic and anaerobic
conditions with a range of treatments: no amendment,
acetylene, water, nitrate (NO3(-)), NO3(-) plus C. Unamended
rates of denitrification were low in all plots. Nitrate and
NO3(-)-plus-C amended rates were consistently higher in the
grass plots than in the forest plots. Nitrate-plus carbon-
amended rates were higher than NO3(-)-amended rates in all
plots, but the differences were significant (P less than 0.05)
in the forest plots only. Denitrification enzyme activity
(DEA) was measured in 14 additional forest sites of varying
natural drainage classes and was related to soil moisture (r2
= 0.56, P less than 0.01) and pH (r2 = 0.43, P less than 0.01)
at these sites. The results suggest that the ability of VFS to
support denitrification varies strongly with vegetation, soil
type and pH, and that denitrification in VFS may be amenable
to management.
68 NAL Call. No.: SB317.5.H68
Developing an effective southernpea and sweet corn intercrop
system. Francis, R.; Decoteau, D.R.
Alexandria, VA : American Society for Horticultural Science,
c1991-; 1993 Apr. HortTechnology v. 3 (2): p. 178-184; 1993
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Carolina; Cabt; Zea mays; Vigna
unguiculata; Intercropping; Light relations; Crop density;
Crop yield; Monoculture; Nitrogen fertilizers; Application
rates
69 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Development of double-crop soybean under different soil water
regimes. Pearce, R.C.; Grabau, L.J.; Grove, J.H.; Lin, H.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy, [1949-; 1993
May. Agronomy journal v. 85 (3): p. 576-583; 1993 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kentucky; Cabt; Glycine max; Double cropping;
Triticum aestivum; Soil water content; Crop growth stage;
Sowing date; Crop yield; Seeds; Rain; Dry conditions; Water
stress; Drought; Growth rate
Abstract: Double-crop soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]
comprises nearly one-third of the total soybean hectarage in
the southeastern USA. This study was initiated to investigate
the water relations of soybean following winter wheat
[Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Thell], with emphasis on the
role of stored soil water. A treatment scheme was devised in
which wheat was killed at heading, mid-grain fill, and
maturity, resulting in three different levels of stored soil
water at soybean planting. In 1986, soil water levels at
planting were 26.0, 23.1 and 21.4 cm of water in the 0.9-m
profile, respectively. A relatively dry early summer resulted
in poor soybean stands and slow early growth; however,
rainfall was well distributed during the latter half of the
growing season. Soybean yields in 1986 were 2.76, 1.60, and
0.44 Mg ha(-1, respectively. Initial soil water levels in 1987
were 31.1, 27.5, and 25.1 cm of water in the 0.9-m profile. A
wet early summer resulted in good stands and vigorous early
growth, but a late summer drought caused severe stress during
the reproductive growth period. Soybean yields recorded in
1987 were 0.97, 0.54, and 0.30 Mg ha(-1, respectively'. In
1989, soil water levels at planting were 33.1, 34.3, and 31.6
cm and associated yields were 1.51, 1.81, and 1.11 Mg ha(-1).
Rainfall was above average and well distributed during the
1989 season. Within each of the years there was a positive
relationship between soil water level at planting and yield of
double-crop soybean; however, between years the amount and
distribution of rainfall had a more dominant influence on
yield than did soil water level at planting.
70 NAL Call. No.: 470 C16C
The development of spatial pattern in shoots of Linaria
vulgaris (Scrophulariaceae) growing on fallow land or in a
barley crop. Nadeau, L.B.; Dale, M.R.T.; King, J.R.
Ottawa, Ont. : National Research Council of Canada; 1991 Nov.
Canadian journal of botany; Journal canadien de botanique v.
69 (1): p. 2539-2544; 1991 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alberta; Linaria vulgaris; Shoots; Developmental
stages; Spatial distribution; Growth; Fallow; Companion crops;
Hordeum vulgare; Plant density; Seasonal variation; Weed
biology; Stand establishment
71 NAL Call. No.: QK867.J67
Differential response of Fe-efficient corn and Fe-inefficient
corn and oat to phytosiderophore released by Fe-efficient
Coker 227 oat.
Jolley, V.D.; Brown, J.C.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
Journal of plant nutrition v. 14 (1): p. 45-58; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Avena sativa; Zea mays; Iron; Nutrient uptake;
Mineral deficiencies; Stress; Siderophores; Cultivars; Crop
mixtures; Nutrient availability; Solubilization; Mineral
content; Ferric ions; Chlorosis; Leaves; Genotype mixtures
Abstract: Iron-efficient Coker 227 oat responds to Fe-
deficiency stress by producing a phytosiderophore that
solubilizes Fe while Fe-inefficient TAM 0-312 does not. WF9
and ys1 corn are also Fe efficient and inefficient,
respectively, but neither produce much phytosiderophore during
Fe-deficiency stress. The objective of this study was to
determine if phytosiderophore released by Fe-deficiency
stressed Coker 227 oat would increase the availability of Fe
to TAM 0-312 oat, WF9 corn, or ys1 corn. These cultivars were
grown in a modified Steinberg solution with 1.2 mg/L Fe and in
ratios of (Coker:TAM) 28:0, 21:7, 14:14, 7:21, and 0:28 and
(Coker:corn) of 28:0, 21:1. 14:2. 7:3 and 0:4. Daily chlorosis
ratings and periodic measurements of leaf and root Fe contents
and phytosiderophore release were determined. Iron solubilized
by the phytosiderophore released by Fe-stressed Coker 227 oat
made Fe available to WF9 corn at the 21:1 and 14:2 Coker:WF9
ratios as reflected in chlorosis ratings and leaf Fe contents,
but ys1 was incapable of obtaining Fe at any of the ratios.
TAM 0-312 oat was less efficient in obtaining Fe from Fe-
phytosiderophore than was WF9 corn. As the ratio of Coker:WF9
and Coker:TAM decreased, Coker 227 oat either became more
cholorotic and/or leaf Fe declined, but this did not occur
with Coker 227 growing with ys1 corn. Thus, ability to absorb
Fe from Fe-phytosiderophore released by Fe-stressed Coker 227
oat was in the order WF9 corn > TAM 0-312 oat > ys1 corn.
72 NAL Call. No.: S592.17.A73A74
Dinitrogen fixation and transfer in legume-crested wheatgrass
mixtures on semiarid rangelands.
Gebhart, D.L.; Call, C.A.; Weaver, R.W.
Washington, DC : Taylor & Francis; 1993 Jan.
Arid soil research and rehabilitation v. 7 (1): p. 1-13; 1993
Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Utah; Agropyron cristatum; Agropyron desertorum;
Crosses; Medicago sativa; Melilotus alba; Interplanting;
Ratios; Rangelands; Nitrogen fixation; Transfer; Nitrogen; Dry
matter accumulation; Nutrient content; Site factors; Seasonal
variation; Semiarid climate
73 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883
Dinitrogen fixation, nitrogen transfer, and productivity of
forage legume-grass communities.
Heichel, G.H.; Henjum, K.I.
Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America; 1991 Jan.
Crop science v. 31 (1): p. 202-208; 1991 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Medicago sativa; Lotus corniculatus; Trifolium
pratense; Trifolium repens; Phalaris arundinacea; Rhizobium;
Nitrogen fixation; Mixed pastures; Nutrient availability;
Nitrogen content; Nitrogen cycle; Dry matter accumulation;
Crop yield
Abstract: The extent of N2 fixation in legume-grass mixtures
grown in the northcentral USA and the importance of legume to
grass N transfer are not well understood. The objective of
this 4-yr field experiment was to determine seasonal N2
fixation and N transfer by stable isotope methods in swards of
alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus
corniculatus L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), and
ladino white clover (T. repens L.) with reed canarygrass
(Phalaris arundinacea L.). Alfalfa in mixture with grass fixed
the most N2 per season (82 to 254 kg N ha-1) and ladino white
clover the least (1 to 20 kg N ha-1). For all mixtures except
birdsfoot trefoilgrass, fixation was greatest during Year 2 of
the stands. The proportion of legume N from symbiotic fixation
increased progressively from Year 1 through 4 and averaged
>93% for all legumes in Year 4. Legume to grass N transfer was
greatest in Year 2 of the stands and averaged approximately
36% of grass N across all mixtures. On a land area basis, N
transfer in Year 2 ranged from 29 to 53 kg N ha-1 and was
greatest for the ladino white clover-grass mixture. The
decline in N transfer in Years 3 and 4 was associated with a
loss in sward legume content, reduced whole-plant dry matter
accumulation in legume and grass, and large losses in root-
plus-crown dry matter accumulation by grass in Year 4. The
results indicate that forage legumes in mixture with grass are
virtually self-sufficient for N and can concurrently transfer
appreciable N to the companion grass.
74 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3
Double cropping and interplanting: January 1989-May 1991.
Gates, J.P.
Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1991 Jul.
Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculture,
National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (91-122): 43 p.; 1991
Jul. Updates QB 89-97. Bibliography.
Language: English
Descriptors: Double cropping; Interplanting; Bibliographies
75 NAL Call. No.: 309.9 N216
Double planting of collard greens and watermelons with two
types of plastic mulches and VisPore row cover.
Khan, V.A.; Stevens, C.; Lu, J.Y.; Brown, J.E.; Rhoden, E.G.;
Wilson, M.A.; Kabwe, M.K.; Haung, Z.
St. Augustine, FL : American Society for Plasticulture; 1991.
Proceedings of the ... National Agricultural Plastics Congress
(23rd): p. 134-138; 1991. Meeting held Sept. 29 - Oct. 3,
1991, Mobile, Alabama. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Brassica oleracea; Citrullus lanatus; Double
cropping; Plastic film; Covers
76 NAL Call. No.: S671.A66
Double-cropping interseeding system for wheat, soybeans, and
cotton. Hood, C.E.; Khalilian, A.; Palmer, J.H.; Garner, T.H.;
Garrett, T.R.; Hayes, J.C.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1991 Sep. Applied engineering in agriculture v. 7
(5): p. 530-536; 1991 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Glycine max; Gossypium
hirsutum; Double cropping; Interplanting; Intercropping;
Planters
Abstract: Double-cropping planting schemes and equipment have
been developed and successfully tested for interseeding
(intercropping) soybeans and cotton in standing wheat. The
system accommodates annual controlled-traffic planting,
fertilization, chemical application, and crop harvesting. A
versatile toolbar design allows for mounting seeding
components to minimize damage to the wheat crop during the
interseeding operation. Yield results for coastal plain soils
of die southeast indicate that wheat, soybean, and cotton
yields are usually higher than with conventional double-
cropping methods. Major advantages include a reduction in
energy for deep tillage, elimination of wheat straw burning,
and a reduction in herbicide usage.
77 NAL Call. No.: S79.E8
Doublecropping systems for soybean and beef production.
Hovermale, C.H.; Davis, J.D.; St. Louis, D.G.
Mississippi State, Miss. : The Station; 1992 Apr.
Technical bulletin - Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry
Experiment Station (181): 8 p.; 1992 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Glycine max; Beef cattle; Double
cropping; Grazing; No-tillage; Aerial sowing; Crop yield;
Stocking rate
78 NAL Call. No.: FUS603.7.H621 1992
Double-cropping vegetables on polyethylene-mulched beds.
Hochmuth, George J.
Gainesville, Fla. : Florida Cooperative Extension Service,
Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of
Florida,; 1992.
[6] p. : ill. (some col.) ; 28 cm. SP 109. March 1992.
Includes bibliographical references (p. [6]).
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Double cropping; Mulching; Vegetables
79 NAL Call. No.: SB191.R5I59
Dual-purpose legumes in the rainfed lowland rice-based system
in the Philippines.
Ahmed, N.U.; Hildebrand, P.E.; Carangal, V.R.
Manila : The Institute; 1991 Aug.
IRRI research paper series - International Rice Research
Institute (146): 13 p.; 1991 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Philippines; Oryza sativa; Dry farming; Lowland
areas; Intercropping; Vigna unguiculata; Vigna radiata;
Cajanus cajan; Monoculture; No-tillage; Plowing; Harrowing;
Soil water content; Water stress; Growth rate; Crop yield;
Grain; Profitability; Productivity; Returns; Multiple use;
Fodder crops; Grain crops
80 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W412
Dynamics of competition between wild oats (Avena fatua L.) and
winter cereals. Cousens, R.D.; Weaver, S.E.; Martin, T.D.;
Blair, A.M.; Wilson, J. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific
Publications; 1991 Aug.
Weed research v. 31 (4): p. 203-210; 1991 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Uk; Triticum aestivum; Winter wheat; Hordeum
vulgare; Crop weed competition; Avena fatua; Monoculture; Crop
mixtures; Growth rate; Crop establishment; Plant height; Dry
matter accumulation; Leaf area
81 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
The dynamics of different organic and inorganic phosphorus
fractions in soils from the south of Santa Fe Province,
Argentina.
Vazquez, M.E.; Noellemeyer, E.; Coremberg, P.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 22
(11/12): p. 1151-1163; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Argentina; Inorganic phosphorus; Organophosphorus
compounds; Nutrient availability; Soil types (genetic);
Nutrient uptake; Nutrient content; Mineral content;
Lycopersicon esculentum; Pastures; Mixed pastures; Fields;
Fertilizer requirement determination; Dry matter accumulation
82 NAL Call. No.: 100 L93 (3)
Economics of enterprise selection and whole farm decision
making the Louisiana rice growing areas.
Heagler, A.M.; Giesler, G.G.
Crowley, La. : The Station; 1991.
Annual research report - Louisiana Agricultural Experiment
Station (83rd): p. 325-329; 1991.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Oryza sativa; Cost benefit analysis;
Crop production; Decision making; Double cropping; Farm
budgeting
83 NAL Call. No.: HM206.A1H8
The economics of monocropping and intercropping by
smallholders: the case of coconuts in Indonesia.
Godoy, R.; Bennett, C.P.A.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991 Mar.
Human ecology v. 19 (1): p. 83-98; 1991 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Indonesia; Coconuts; Continuous cropping;
Intercropping; Profitability; Small farms; Returns; Case
studies
84 NAL Call. No.: 26 T754
Economics returns from yam/maize intercrops with various stake
densities in a high-rainfall area.
Ndegwe, N.A.
London : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Apr.
Tropical agriculture v. 69 (2): p. 171-175; 1992 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nigeria; Dioscorea rotundata; Zea mays;
Intercropping; Production costs; Staking; Yield components
85 NAL Call. No.: SB327.A1B5
Ecophysiological observations within the Phaseolus coccineus
complex. Castellanos, A.E.; Martinez, D.
Fort Collins, Colo : Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State
University; 1992. Annual report of the Bean Improvement
Cooperative v. 35: p. 209-210; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mexico; Phaseolus coccineus; Zea mays; Plant
water relations; Crop production; Intercropping
86 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82
Effect of grazing, spraying, and seeding on knapweed in
British Columbia. Maxwell, J.F.; Drinkwater, R.; Clark, D.;
Hall, J.W.
Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1992 Mar.
Journal of range management v. 45 (2): p. 180-182; 1992 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: British Columbia; Centaurea diffusa; Weed
control; Rangelands; Chemical control; Picloram; Biological
control; Grazing effects; Cattle; Plant competition; Crop
mixtures; Medicago sativa; Agropyron cristatum;
Psathyrostachys juncea; Sown grasslands
Abstract: The effects of late fall grazing, application of
picloram (4 amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid),
and seeding on the reinfestation by knapweed (Centaurea
diffusa Lam.) were investigated on a knapweed-infested
grassland range in southern British Columbia. The seeding
treatments were an unseeded control, crested wheatgrass
(Agropyron cristatum L.), Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys
junceus (Fisch.) Nevski)), 'Drylander' alfalfa (Medicago
sativa L.), and a rangeland seed mix. The spraying treatment
was applied (0.56 kg a.i. per ha.) to only the unseeded
control, Russian wildrye, and crested wheatgrass treatments.
Re-establishment of knapweed and establishment of seeded and
indigenous species were observed over 4 years. Knapweed cover
never exceeded 10% on sprayed plots but ranged from 35% to 60%
on unsprayed plots. Knapweed cover was greater on unsprayed
grazed plots and re-establishment was more rapid on sprayed
grazed plots than on ungrazed ones. Seeding produced little
difference in knapweed cover but crested wheatgrass and
rangeland mix (which contained crested wheatgrass) had the
lowest coverage of knapweed on unsprayed plots. Russian
wildrye did not establish and this failure plus the
disturbance created by seeding provided ideal conditions for a
surge of knapweed growth. No differences in knapweed cover
were detected among seeding treatments on sprayed plots. It is
concluded that spraying is far more important than seeding for
controlling knapweed, and grazing pressure must be carefully
controlled to prolong the effects of treatment.
87 NAL Call. No.: S451.M9M9
Effect of harvest management and nurse crop on production of
five small-seeded legumes.
Welty, L.E.; Westcott, M.P.; Prestbye, L.S.; Knox, M.L.
Bozeman, Mont. : The Station; 1991.
Montana agresearch - Montana Agricultural Experiment Station,
Montana University v. 8 (1): p. 11-17; 1991. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Montana; Green manures; Trifolium alexandrinum;
Medicago sativa; Trifolium resupinatum; Companion crops; Avena
sativa; Harvesting; Management
88 NAL Call. No.: S601.A34
Effect of inter-cropping on the incidence of potato tuber
moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller).
Lal, L.
Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1991 Aug.
Agriculture, ecosystems and environment v. 36 (3/4): p.
185-190; 1991 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Phthorimaea operculella; Solanum tuberosum;
Intercropping; Larvae; Infestation; Pest management
89 NAL Call. No.: GB611.A3
Effect of intercropping patterns of forage cowpeas with two
types of grain sorghum on growth, yield and quality.
Abdel Gawad, A.M.; Seif, A.S.; Bashir, M.I.
Chur, Switzerland : Harwood Academic Publishers; 1991.
Advances in desert and arid land technology and development v.
5: p. 407-421; 1991. In series analytic: Desert Development,
Part 1: Desert Agriculture, Ecology and Biology / edited by A.
Bishay and H. Dregne. Proceedings of the Second International
Desert Development Conference, held Jan 25-31, 1987, Cairo,
Egypt. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Grain; Sorghum; Vigna unguiculata; Intercropping;
Growth; Crop yield; Crop quality
90 NAL Call. No.: S31.T84
The effect of intercropping sweetpotato and okra on yield
efficiency. Rhoden, E.G.; Bonsi, C.K.; Khan, V.A.
Tuskegee, Ala. : Sch. of Agric. & Home Econ., Tuskegee Univ.,
George Wash. Carver Agric. Exp. Stn; 1991.
Tuskegee horizons v. 2 (2): p. 27; 1991.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Ipomoea batatas; Abelmoschus esculentus;
Intercropping; Crop yield
91 NAL Call. No.: 10 EX72
Effect of mixed row cropping of early and late maturing rice
varieties on crop productivity under intermediate deepwater
conditions.
Reddy, M.D.; Sharma, A.R.; Panda, M.M.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1991 Jan.
Experimental agriculture v. 27 (1): p. 79-85; 1991 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: India; Oryza sativa; Deep water rice; Inbred
lines; Mixed cropping; Varieties; Yield components; Crop
yield; Lowland areas
92 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Effect of mono and mixed culture of tall fescue and birdsfoot
trefoil on yield and quality.
Beuselinck, P.R.; Sleper, D.A.; Bughrara, S.S.; Roberts, C.A.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Mar.
Agronomy journal v. 84 (2): p. 133-137; 1992 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Festuca arundinacea; Lotus corniculatus;
Monoculture; Crop mixtures; Cultivars; Habit; Genotype
mixtures; Mixed cropping; Crop yield; Herbage; Crop quality;
Fiber content; In vitro digestibility; Crude protein;
Interspecific competition; Plant competition
Abstract: Growth habit of grass and legume cultivars may
affect their competitiveness, yield, and herbage quality in
grass-legume mixes. The objective of this research was to
examine herbage yield and quality of mixed cultures of tall
fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb.) genotypes and birdsfoot
trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) cultivars with contrasting
growth habits. High (HLAER) and low (LLAER) leaf-area-
expansion-rate tall fescue populations and prostrate ('Dawn')
and upright ('Viking') birdsfoot trefoil cultivars were used.
Eight treatments comprising monocultures of the four entries
(HLAER, LLAER, Dawn, Viking) and 1:1 mixed cultures of each
possible interspecific combination of the entries were
transplanted into field plots in June 1983 and harvested at a 3-
or 6-wk frequency in 1984 and 1985. Mixed cultures were hand-
separated into tall fescue and birdsfoot trefoil components
prior to drying. Herbage dry weight (DWT), in vitro dry matter
digestibility (IVDMD), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent
fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were measured.
Mixtures of tall fescue and birdsfoot trefoil were moderately
compatible regardless of growth form of species. When grown in
mixed cultures, yield of tall fescue and birdsfoot trefoil was
reduced by interspecific competition. Growth form of either
species did not appear to affect DWT of mixed cultures.
Herbage yield of tall fescue and birdsfoot trefoil was
influenced by harvest frequency. Yield and quality of tall
fescue-birdsfoot trefoil mixed cultures can be greater than
monocultured tall fescue.
93 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
Effect of N and P fertilizer on establishment of alfalfa with
a wheat companion crop.
Bittman, S.; Pulkinen, D.A.; Waddington, J.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1991 Jan.
Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de
phytotechnie v. 71 (1): p. 105-113; 1991 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Medicago varia; Crop establishment;
Growth; Nitrogen fertilizers; Phosphorus fertilizers; Sowing
date; Crop yield; Companion crops; Triticum aestivum; Seeds;
Protein content
94 NAL Call. No.: S79 .E3
Effect of rate and date of ammonium nitrate application on
yield of ryegrass. Hovermale, C.H.
State College, Miss. : Mississippi State University,
Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, 1970-; 1993 Feb.
Bulletin (992): 10 p.; 1993 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lolium; Ammonium nitrate; Application rates;
Application date; Crop yield; Legumes; Interplanting; Nitrogen
fixation; Costs; Returns
95 NAL Call. No.: HD1773.A3N6
Effect of risk preferences on incorporation of double-crop
soybeans into traditional rotations.
Harper, J.K.; Williams, J.R.; Burton, R.O. Jr; Kelley, K.W.
East Lansing, Mich. : Michigan State University; 1991 Jul.
Review of agricultural economics v. 13 (2): p. 185-200; 1991
Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kansas; Soybeans; Wheat; Sorghum; Double
cropping; Farm management; Risk; Decision making; Innovation
adoption; Returns; Market prices; Crop yield; Production
costs; Federal programs; Interest rates; Target prices;
Mathematical models
Abstract: Six enterprise combinations, four including a
double-crop sequence of wheat followed immediately after
harvest by soybeans, were evaluated for southeastern Kansas
given the requirements for participation in the government
commodity program. Stochastic dominance analysis was used to
select the preferred combination under six different classes
of risk preferences. A two-year sequence of wheat double-
cropped with soybeans followed by full-season soybeans was the
preferred combination for all classes of risk preferences
analyzed. Sensitivity analysis indicated that if labor,
machinery, or field time constraints limit the number of acres
of double-cropped soybeans and/or if farm yields are
sufficiently less than those included in the data set, results
would either favor rotations that do not double-crop or those
that double-crop less than the maximum number of acres each
year.
96 NAL Call. No.: 26 T754
Effect of row arrangement on yield and yield advantages in
sorghum/finger millet intercrops.
Ssekabembe, C.K.
Guildford : Butterworth Scientific; 1991 Jan.
Tropical agriculture v. 68 (1): p. 19-22; 1991 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Uganda; Sorghum bicolor; Eleusine coracana; Crop
yield; Intercrops; Plant density
97 NAL Call. No.: 60.19 B773
Effect of ryegrass endophyte in mixed swards of perennial
ryegrass and white clover under two levels or irrigation and
pesticide treatment. Lewis, G.C.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications,; 1992 Sep.
Grass and forage science : the journal of the British
Grassland Society v. 47 (3): p. 302-305; 1992 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Uk; Cabt; Grass sward; Lolium perenne; Trifolium
repens; Mixed pastures; Endophytes; Acremonium; Crop yield;
Herbage; Irrigation scheduling; Carbosulfan; Insect control
98 NAL Call. No.: 60.19 B773
Effect of ryegrass endophyte in mixed swards of perennial
ryegrass and white clover under two levels or irrigation and
pesticide treatment. Lewis, G.C.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications,; 1992 Sep.
Grass and forage science : the journal of the British
Grassland Society v. 47 (3): p. 302-305; 1992 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Uk; Cabt; Grass sward; Lolium perenne; Trifolium
repens; Mixed pastures; Endophytes; Acremonium; Crop yield;
Herbage; Irrigation scheduling; Carbosulfan; Insect control
99 NAL Call. No.: SB197.A1T7
The effect of seedbed and sowing time on establishment of
Siratro and Gatton panic into native pasture.
Lowe, K.F.; Bowdler, T.M.
St Lucia : Tropical Grassland Society of Australia; 1991 Mar.
Tropical grasslands v. 25 (1): p. 37-46; 1991 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Queensland; Macroptilium atropurpureum;
Oversowing; Natural grasslands; Range pastures; Stand
establishment; Seedbed preparation; Sowing date; Crop
mixtures; Panicum maximum; Environmental factors; Rain;
Seasonal variation; Grassland improvement; Crop yield; Dry
matter accumulation; Botanical composition
100 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Effect of strip-intercropping corn and soybean on yield and
profit. West, T.D.; Griffith, D.R.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jan.
Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (1): p. 107-110; 1992
Jan. Paper presented at a symposium on "Ecology and
Management of Grazing Systems" presented at the annual meeting
of the American Association for the Advancement of Science,
January 14-19, 1991, San Francisco, California. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Indiana; Glycine max; Zea mays; Strip cropping;
Intercropping; Crop yield; Profitability; Crop management
101 NAL Call. No.: QH84.8.B46
The effect of suppression treatments on the uptake of 15N by
intercropped corn from labeled alfalfa (Medicago sativa).
Jordan, D.; Rice, C.W.; Tiedje, J.M.
Berlin ; a Secaucus, N.J. : Springer International, 1985-;
1993. Biology and fertility of soils v. 16 (3): p. 221-226;
1993. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Medicago sativa; Crop management; Cutting;
Glyphosate; Intercropping; Zea mays; Isotope labeling;
Nitrogen; Nitrogen cycle; Nutrient uptake
102 NAL Call. No.: SB327.A1B5
The effect of varied crop proportions and soil N-levels in a
maize/bean intercrop: growth morphological changes.
Ugen, M.A.; Wien, H.C.
Fort Collins, Colo : Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State
University; 1993. Annual report of the Bean Improvement
Cooperative v. 36: p. 105-106; 1993. In the series analytic:
Annual report of the bean improvement cooperative. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maize; Phaseolus vulgaris; Intercrops; Nitrogen;
Application rates; Crop yield; Morphology
103 NAL Call. No.: SB327.A1B5
The effect of varied crop proportions and soil N-levels in a
maize/bean intercrop:insect pest damage on beans.
Ugen, M.A.; Wien, H.C.
Fort Collins, Colo : Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State
University; 1993. Annual report of the Bean Improvement
Cooperative v. 36: p. 126-127; 1993. In the series analytic:
Annual report of the bean improvement cooperative. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Phaseolus vulgaris; Maize; Intercrops; Popillia
japonica; Epilachna varivestis; Crop damage
104 NAL Call. No.: SB13.I53
The effect of water stress on nitrogen absorption of soybean.
Masyhudi, M.F.; Patterson, R.P.
Jakarta, Indonesia : Agency for Agricultural Research and
Development, Ministry of Agriculture; 1991 Jul.
Indonesian journal of crop science v. 6 (2): p. 43-63; 1991
Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Glycine max; Water stress; Crop
growth stage; Sexual reproduction; Crop yield; Seeds;
Symbiosis; Nitrogen fixation; Nitrogen fertilizers;
Application rates; Water deficit; Nutrient uptake; Nitrogen;
Dry matter accumulation; Root nodules; Planting date; Double
cropping
105 NAL Call. No.: SB599.C8
Effects of aldicarb, Datura stramonium, Datura metel and
Tagetes minuta on the pathogenicity of root-knot nematodes in
Kenya.
Odour-Owino, P.
Oxford : Butterworths-Heinemann Ltd; 1993 Jun.
Crop protection v. 12 (4): p. 315-317; 1993 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kenya; Cabt; Lycopersicon esculentum; Meloidogyne
javanica; Pathogenicity; Galls; Aldicarb; Soil treatment;
Datura stramonium; Datura metel; Tagetes minuta; Mixed
cropping; Growth; Crop yield; Greenhouse culture; Field tests;
Integrated pest management; Nematicidal plants; Nematode
control
106 NAL Call. No.: S601.A34
Effects of cassava-based cropping systems on physico-chemical
properties of soil and earthworm casts in a tropical Alfisol.
Hulugalle, N.R.; Ezumah, H.C.
Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1991 Mar.
Agriculture, ecosystems and environment v. 35 (1): p. 55-63;
1991 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nigeria; Manihot esculenta; Intercropping;
Rotations; Soil chemistry; Soil physical properties; Tropical
soils; Worm casts; Alfisols
107 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 An72
Effects of cereal borders, admixture with cereals and plant
density on the spread of bean yellow mosaic potyvirus into
narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius).
Jones, R.A.
Warwick : Association of Applied Biologists; 1993 Jun.
Annals of applied biology v. 122 (3): p. 501-518; 1993 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lupinus angustifolius; Bean yellow mosaic
potyvirus; Spread; Cultural control; Mixed cropping; Crop
density; Border effects; Myzus persicae; Acyrthosiphon kondoi;
Disease vectors
108 NAL Call. No.: 60.19 B773
The effects of contrasting cutting regimes on the components
of clover and grass growth in microswards.
Grant, S.A.; Barthram, G.T.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991 Mar.
Grass and forage science : the journal of the British
Grassland Society v. 46 (1): p. 1-13; 1991 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Scotland; Trifolium repens; Lolium perenne; Crop
mixtures; Cutting height; Cutting frequency; Growth rate;
Stand density; Tillering; Responses; Grazing intensity;
Simulation; Defoliation; Shading; Effects
109 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.B5
The effects of crop combination and row arrangement in the
intercropping of lettuce, favabean and pea on weed biomass and
diversity and on crop yields. Sharaiha, R.; Gliessman, S.
Oxon : A B Academic Publishers; 1992.
Biological agriculture and horticulture : an international
journal v. 9 (1): p. 1-13; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Lactuca sativa; Pisum sativum; Vicia
faba; Intercrops; Intercropping; Organic farming; Weed
control; Crop weed competition; Species diversity; Biomass;
Crop yield
110 NAL Call. No.: 60.19 B773
Effects of cultivars of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea
Schreb.) on the batanical composition of mixed swards.
Sugiyama, S.; Nakashima, H.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991 Dec.
Grass and forage science : the journal of the British
Grassland Society v. 46 (4): p. 365-373; 1991 Dec. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Festuca arundinacea; Cultivars; Mixed pastures;
Dactylis glomerata; Trifolium repens; Botanical composition;
Competitive ability; Plant competition; Interspecific
competition; Crop yield; Herbage; Yield components; Soil
fertility
111 NAL Call. No.: SB327.A1B5
Effects of distance of bean rows from maize rows on yield of
both crops grown in association.
Mmbaga, M.E.T.; Edje, O.T.
Fort Collins, Colo : Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State
University; 1992. Annual report of the Bean Improvement
Cooperative v. 35: p. 173-174; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Tanzania; Phaseolus vulgaris; Zea mays; Crop
production; Crop yield; Row spacing; Intercropping
112 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
Effects of intercropping groundnut with sunhemp on termite
incidence and damage in India.
Gold, C.S.; Wightman, J.A.
Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1991 Jun.
Insect science and its application v. 12 (1/3): p. 177-182;
1991 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: India; Arachis hypogaea; Crop damage;
Microtermes; Odontotermes; Incidence; Insect control;
Intercropping; Crotalaria juncea
Abstract: The effects of intercropping groundnut with
sunnhemp on termite incidence and damage were studied in the
rainy and post-rainy season at ICRISAT Center in central
India. Termite incidence in different cropping systems was
determined by baiting with bamboo stakes. Damage to groundnut
plants and pods was evaluated at harvest. Intercropping
groundnut with sunnhemp did not affect termite abundance or
damage to groundnut. These results contrast with a Colombian
intercropping study in which sunnhemp exudates repelled
cassava burrowing bugs. Termite biology, including recruitment
of foragers and construction of protected runways, may have
reduced exposure to sunnhemp, thereby minimizing effects.
113 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.B5
Effects of intercropping sorghum-cowpea on natural enemies of
the sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata (Diptera:Muscidae),
in Burkina Faso. Zongo, J.O.; Vincent, C.; Stewart, R.K.
Oxon : A B Academic Publishers; 1993.
Biological agriculture and horticulture : an international
journal v. 9 (3): p. 201-213; 1993. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Burkina faso; Sorghum bicolor; Vigna unguiculata;
Intercropping; Atherigona soccata; Natural enemies;
Parasitoids; Biological control agents; Biological control
114 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Effects of intercropping with maize on the incidence and
damage caused by pod borers of common beans.
Karel, A.K.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1993 Oct.
Environmental entomology v. 22 (5): p. 1076-1083; 1993 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Tanzania; Cabt; Phaseolus vulgaris; Zea mays;
Maruca testulalis; Helicoverpa armigera; Intercropping;
Population density; Insect control; Crop yield
Abstract: Effects of intercropping common bean, Phaseolus
vulgaris L., with maize, Zea mays L., at four plant
populations on the pod borers Maruca testulalis Geyer and
Heliothis armigera Hubner on common bean were studied. The
incidence of M. testulalis and H. armigera larvae was
significantly (P < 0.05) lower in intercropped and higher
plant populations than in pure stands and lower plant
populations of common bean; larval populations of M.
testulalis increased 45-59 d after planting, followed by a
decrease up to 66 d after planting. Percentages of damage to
flowers and pods by larvae of the two pod borer species were
significantly (P < 0.05) lower in an intercrop combination of
one-third bean-two-thirds maize (BMM) than in pure bean (BBB).
Flower and pod damage decreased when plant populations
increased from 66,666 to 1,333,333 plants per ha. The
relationship of intercrop combinations and individual plant
populations to incidence and damage by pod borer larvae was
established by exponential and power regression models. Seed
yields of intercrop combinations of BBM and BMM were higher
than those of the two crops when grown in monoculture at
133,333 and 266,666 plants per ha. "Relative yield total" thus
indicated yield advantages of 16-29% for plant populations of
133,333 plants per ha in both BBM and BMM intercrop
combinations, which was associated with lower incidence and
damage by pod borer species. Intercropping beans with maize
was considered useful as a cultural method for controlling pod
borers on common beans and for higher seed yield of the two
crops.
115 NAL Call. No.: 10 EX72
Effects of intercropping young plants of the compact arabica
coffee hybrid cultivar Ruiru 11 with potatoes, tomatoes, beans
and maize on coffee yields and economic returns in Kenya.
Njoroge, J.M.; Waithaka, K.; Chweya, J.A.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1993 Jul.
Experimental agriculture v. 29 (3): p. 373-377; 1993 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kenya; Coffea arabica; Hybrid varieties;
Intercropping; Crop yield; Economic analysis; Lycopersicon
esculentum; Phaseolus vulgaris; Solanum tuberosum; Zea mays
116 NAL Call. No.: SB123.P535
Effects of interspecific competition on the inheritance of
quantitative traits in white clover.
Hill, J.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Paul Parey; 1993 Apr.
Plant breeding; Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenzuchtung v. 110 (3):
p. 212-219; 1993 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Trifolium repens; Lolium perenne; Inheritance;
Quantitative traits; Plant competition; Cultivars; Plant
height; Dry matter accumulation; Epistasis; Mixed cropping
117 NAL Call. No.: S601.A34
Effects of leaf removal and intercropping on the incidence and
severity of black Sigatoka disease at the establisment phase
of plantains (Musa spp. AAB). Emebiri, L.C.; Obiefuna, J.C.
Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1992 Apr.
Agriculture, ecosystems and environment v. 39 (3/4): p.
213-219; 1992 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nigeria; Musa; Mycosphaerella fijiensis;
Defoliation; Intercropping; Monoculture; Manihot esculenta;
Crop density; Plant disease control; Cultural control; Fungus
control; Disease transmission; Leaf age
118 NAL Call. No.: SB327.A1B5
Effects of maize planting pattern on maize and bean
productivity in an intercrop.
Mmbaga, M.E.T.; Edje, O.T.
Fort Collins, Colo : Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State
University; 1992. Annual report of the Bean Improvement
Cooperative v. 35: p. 171-172; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Tanzania; Phaseolus vulgaris; Zea mays; Crop
production; Crop density; Crop yield; Intercropping
119 NAL Call. No.: 100 AR42F
Effects of management on the water use and yield of double-
cropping wheat and soybeans.
Daniels, M.B.; Scott, H.D.
Fayetteville, Ark. : The Station; 1991 Jul.
Arkansas farm research - Arkansas Agricultural Experiment
Station v. 40 (4): p. 3-4; 1991 Jul.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arkansas; Triticum aestivum; Glycine max; Double
cropping; Irrigated farming; Water use; Yield response
functions
120 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
Effects of nitrogen fertilizer, cutting frequency, and
companion legume on herbage production and quality of four
grasses.
Fairey, N.A.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1991 Jul.
Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de
phytotechnie v. 71 (3): p. 717-725; 1991 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alberta; Bromus inermis; Bromus biebersteinii;
Phleum pratense; Alopecurus pratensis; Medicago sativa;
Trifolium hybridum; Lotus corniculatus; Grassland management;
Crop yield; Nitrogen fertilizers; Cutting frequency; Companion
crops; Herbage; Grazing effects
121 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
Effects of nitrogen supply and spatial arrangement on the
grain yield of a maize/soybean intercrop in a humid
subtropical climate.
Clement, A.; Chalifour, F.P.; Bharati, M.P.; Gendron, G.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1992 Jan.
Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de
phytotechnie v. 72 (1): p. 57-67; 1992 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nepal; Zea mays; Glycine max; Crop production;
Crop yield; Nitrogen fertilizers; Intercropping; Subtropics;
Plant density; Row spacing; Nitrogen fixation; Nodulation
122 NAL Call. No.: S631.F422
Effects of nitrogen supply on cassava/pigeonpea intercropping
with three contrasting cassava cultivars.
Cenpukdee, U.; Fukai, S.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991 Sep.
Fertilizer research : an international journal on fertilizer
use and technology v. 29 (3): p. 275-280; 1991 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Australia; Manihot esculenta; Cultivars; Cajanus
cajan; Intercropping; Continuous cropping; Urea; Application
rates; Interspecific competition; Varietal reactions; Canopy;
Width; Plant height; Growth; Crop yield; Tubers; Seeds; Dry
matter accumulation
Abstract: Three cassava cultivars of contrasting canopy size
were grown as a sole crop and in intercropping with pigeonpea
under two N supply levels to examine whether the effect of N
fertilizer was different in sole crop cassava and in
intercropping, and whether it depended on the canopy type of
cassava cultivar. Application of N promoted plant height and
canopy width of cassava in both cropping systems, and this
resulted in increased competitiveness of cassava in
intercropping. However, when the most vigorous cassava
cultivar was used in intercropping, N supply caused excessive
top growth with no increase in tuber yield. The yield of
pigeonpea on the other hand was always reduced with N supply
in intercropping with any cassava cultivar.
123 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Effects of plant populations and intercropping on the
population patterns of bean flies on common beans.
Karel, A.K.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Feb.
Environmental entomology v. 20 (1): p. 354-357; 1991 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Tanzania; Phaseolus vulgaris; Zea mays;
Intercropping; Crop density; Ophiomyia phaseoli; Ophiomyia
centrosematis; Melanagromyza; Population dynamics
Abstract: Effects of four plant populations and intercropping
beans with maize on the population patterns of bean flies
(Ophiomyia phaseoli Tryon, O. centrosematis de Meijere, and
Melanagromyza spencerella Greathead) on common beans were
studied. Percentage of plants infested by bean Dies was
significantly less in the one-third beans and two-thirds maize
intercrop combination than in pure stand beans. The incidence
of bean flies decreased with increasing plant populations from
66,666 to 533,332 plants per ha. Ovipunctures made by bean
flies in the leaves of beans were not significantly different
among the various treatments. A significant and gradual
decrease in the number of ovipunctures from lower to higher
plant populations was recorded. The bean fly larva-pupal
counts were significantly lower in both intercrop combinations
than in pure stand beans; larval-pupal counts were
significantly lower in higher plant populations in 1983
season. Possible reasons for population patterns of bean flies
are discussed.
124 NAL Call. No.: 10 J822
Effects of shifting and continuous cultivation of cassava
(Manihot esculenta) intercropped with maize (Zea mays) on a
forest alfisol in south-western Nigeria.
Aweto, A.O.; Ayanniyi, O.O.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1992 Apr.
The Journal of agricultural science v. 118 (pt.2): p. 195-198;
1992 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nigeria; Manihot esculenta; Shifting cultivation;
Continuous cropping; Intercropping; Zea mays; Forest soils;
Alfisols; Fertilizer requirement determination
125 NAL Call. No.: aSB205.S7S6
Effects of some growth regulators on double-cropped soybean
production. Arioglu, H.
Ames, Iowa : The Service; 1991.
Soybean genetics newsletter - U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Agricultural Research Service v. 18: p. 165-168; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Turkey; Glycine; Crop production; Double
cropping; Yield components
126 NAL Call. No.: 10 J822
Effects of sowing a companion grass (Lolium perenne),
application of grass suppressant and choice of clover variety
on the growth and seed production potential of white clover.
Wilman, D.; Fisher, A.; Marshall, A.H.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1991 Aug.
The Journal of agricultural science v. 117 (pt.1): p. 47-56;
1991 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Trifolium repens; Cultivars; Growth; Growth
inhibitors; Production possibilities; Seed production; Yield
components; Interplanting; Lolium perenne
127 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Effects of strip intercropping and no-tillage on some pest and
beneficial invertebrates of corn in Ohio.
Tonhasca, A. Jr; Stinner, B.R.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Oct.
Environmental entomology v. 20 (5): p. 1251-1258; 1991 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ohio; Zea mays; Agrotis ipsilon; Mythimna
unipuncta; Slugs; Diabrotica virgifera; Ostrinia nubilalis;
Intercropping; No-tillage; Predators of insect pests;
Biological control agents
Abstract: We tested two agronomic practices that are likely
to increase plant and structural diversity, no-tillage and
strip intercropping, for effects on corn invertebrate fauna.
Some of the most common herbivores and natural enemies were
sampled by direct counts and damage estimation from 1988
through 1990 on monoculture corn and strips of corn alternated
with soybean, under no-tillage and conventional tillage. Among
soil pests, cut-worms (mostly the black cutworm, Agrotis
ipsilon (Hufnagel)); armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta
(Haworth); and slugs (Gastropoda) were more abundant in no-
tillage plots, although only slugs caused severe damage. The
western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte,
and the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubitalis (Hubner), were
generally more abundant in conventional tillage plots. Despite
crop rotation, the strip-intercropping system (four rows of
each crop) was less effective in reducing western corn
rootworm infestation, especially in conventional tillage
plots. In 1990 only, ladybugs (mostly Coleomegilla maculata
(DeGeer)) were more abundant in conventional tillage plots,
whereas tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de
Beauvois), were more abundant in no-tillage plots. Japanese
beetle, Popillia japonica Newman; stink bugs, Acrosternum
hilare (Say) and Euschistus serous (Say); and spiders (Aranea)
were not significantly affected by treatments.
128 NAL Call. No.: FULD1780 1991.K881
Effects of stylosanthes interplanting on millet grain yield,
herbage yield, water use efficiency, and yields of subsequent
millet crop.
Kouame, Christophe N.,
1991; 1991.
xi, 119 leaves ; 29 cm. Typescript. Vita. Includes
bibliographical references (leaves 109-117).
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Intercropping; Stylosanthes; Millet
129 NAL Call. No.: 60.19 B773
The effects of sward height and nitrogen fertilizer
application on changes in sward composition, white clover
growth and the stock capacity of an upland perennial
ryegrass/white clover sward grazed by sheep for four years.
Barthram, G.T.; Grant, S.A.; Elston, D.A.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications,; 1992 Dec.
Grass and forage science : the journal of the British
Grassland Society v. 47 (4): p. 326-341; 1992 Dec. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Scotland; Cabt; Mixed pastures; Lolium perenne;
Trifolium repens; Plant height; Nitrogen fertilizers;
Application rates; Botanical composition; Stand density;
Temperature; Rain; Growth rate; Branching; Sheep; Stocking
rate; Liveweight gain; Grazing effects; Statistical analysis
130 NAL Call. No.: 1.9 P69P
Effects of tillage, row width, and cultivar on foliar diseases
of double-crop soybean.
Wrather, J.A.; Anderson, S.H.; Wollenhaupt, N.C.; Anand, S.C.;
Kendig, S.R. St. Paul, Minn., American Phytopathological
Society; 1993 Nov. Plant Disease v. 77 (11): p. 1151-1152;
1993 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Septoria; Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea;
Plant diseases; Foliage; Glycine max; Cultivars; Double
cropping; Tillage; Row spacing; Genotype environment
interaction; Disease resistance
131 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.B5
Effects of tree legumes in hedgerows on soil fertility changes
and crop performance in the semi-arid highlands of Rwanda.
Balasubramanian, V.; Sekayange, L.
Oxon : A B Academic Publishers; 1991.
Biological agriculture and horticulture : an international
journal v. 8 (1): p. 17-32; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rwanda; Calliandra calothyrsus; Cassia
spectabilis; Leucaena diversifolia; Leucaena leucocephala;
Sesbania sesban; Hedgerow plants; Alley cropping; Phaseolus
vulgaris; Sorghum bicolor; Zea mays; Ipomoea batatas;
Continuous cropping; Intercropping; Productivity; Crop yield;
Soil fertility; Interspecific competition; Highlands; Semiarid
climate; Acid soils; Biomass production; Growth; Pruning;
Mulches; Biomass; Incorporation; Soil organic matter; Plant
height; Dieback; Dry matter accumulation; Losses from soil
systems
132 NAL Call. No.: 26 T754
Effects of weed control methods on maize and intercrop yields
and net income of small-holder farmers, Nigeria.
Zuofa, K.; Tariah, N.M.
London : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Apr.
Tropical agriculture v. 69 (2): p. 167-170; 1992 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nigeria; Zea mays; Weed control; Intercrops; Crop
yield; Farm income; Small farms
133 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.S86S8
Energy budget and efficiency of some multiple cropping systems
in Sikkim Himalaya.
Sharma, S.; Sharma, E.
Binghamton, N.Y. : Food Products Press; 1993.
Journal of sustainable agriculture v. 3 (3/4): p. 85-94; 1993.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: India; Cropping systems; Energy consumption;
Efficiency; Multiple cropping
134 NAL Call. No.: S601.A34
Energy budget studies of some multiple cropping patterns of
the Central Himalaya.
Sharma, S.
Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1991 Aug.
Agriculture, ecosystems and environment v. 36 (3/4): p.
199-206; 1991 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: India; Rice; Wheat; Soybeans; Millets; Multiple
cropping; Energy consumption; Efficiency; Rain; Irrigated
farming; Input output analysis; Crop yield
135 NAL Call. No.: 100 AR42F
Enhanced cotton fiber strength through the use of blended
cultivars. McConnell, J.S.; Bourland, F.M.; Frizzell, B.S.;
Baker, W.H. Fayetteville, Ark. : The Station; 1991 Sep.
Arkansas farm research - Arkansas Agricultural Experiment
Station v. 40 (5): p. 3; 1991 Sep.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arkansas; Cotton; Fiber quality; Strength;
Improvement; Cultivars; Seed mixtures
136 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Ethephon use on soybean cultivars to enhance establishment of
underseeded cover crops.
Moomaw, R.S.; Echtenkamp, G.W.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Apr.
Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (2): p. 250-255; 1991
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nebraska; Ethephon; Application rates; Glycine
max; Cultivars; Crop growth stage; Crop yield; Plant height;
Maturity; Canopy; Light transmission; Crop establishment;
Cover crops; Undersowing; Interplanting; Zea mays; Rotations
137 NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3
Evaluating biological productivity in intercropping systems
with production possibility curves.
Ranganathan, R.; Fafchamps, M.; Walker, T.S.
Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1991.
Agricultural systems v. 36 (2): p. 137-157; 1991. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sorghum; Pigeon peas; Millets; Peanuts; Leucaena
leucocephala; Intercropping; Biological production; Production
possibilities; Yields; Elasticities; Substitution; Ratios;
Indexes; Economic evaluation
138 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82
Evaluation of a high intensity mixed cropping model in the mid
country of Sri Lanka.
Premaratne, W.H.E.; Silva, M.P. de
Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science;
1991 May. Acta horticulturae (270): p. 381-387; 1991 May.
Paper presented at the "First International Symposium on
Horticultural Economics in Developing Countries," July 16-23,
1989, Alemaya, Ethiopia. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sri lanka; Trees; Perennials; Mixed cropping;
Evaluation; Models
139 NAL Call. No.: SB13.E97
Evaluation of dryland crop management innovations for
subsistence farmers of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum
(L.) K. Schum.) in Niger. Persaud, N.; Calhoun, F.G.; Gandah,
M.; Ouattara, M.; Mokete, N. Montrouge Cedex, France :
Gauthier-Villars, 1992-; 1993.
European journal of agronomy : the journal of the European
Society for Agronomy v. 2 (1): p. 39-50; 1993. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Niger; Cabt; Pennisetum Americanum; Dry farming;
Subsistence farming; Crop production; Intercropping; Lines;
Genotype mixtures; Water use efficiency; Tillers; Pruning;
Cultivars; Maturation period; Crop yield; Fertilizers;
Irrigation scheduling
140 NAL Call. No.: 10 EX72
Evaluation of short and tall sorghum varieties in mixtures
with cowpea in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria: land equivalent
ratio, grain yield and system productivity index.
Odo, P.E.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1991 Oct.
Experimental agriculture v. 27 (4): p. 435-441; 1991 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nigeria; Sorghum bicolor; Vigna unguiculata; Crop
mixtures; Cultivars; Crop yield; Mixed cropping; Monoculture;
Plant height; Savannas
141 NAL Call. No.: 60.19 B773
Evaluation of white clover varieties under grazing and their
role in farm systems.
Evans, D.R.; Williams, T.A.; Evans, S.A.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications,; 1992 Dec.
Grass and forage science : the journal of the British
Grassland Society v. 47 (4): p. 342-352; 1992 Dec. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wales; Cabt; Trifolium repens; Cultivars; Lolium
perenne; Mixed pastures; Grazing effects; Cutting programs;
Sheep; Cattle; Crop yield; Rotational grazing; Nitrogen
fertilizers; Dry matter accumulation; Grassland management;
Stolons; Length; Leaves; Size
142 NAL Call. No.: 292.8 J82
Evapotranspiration from agricultural plant communities in the
high rainfall zone of the southwest of Western Australia.
Scott, P.R.; Sudmeyer, R.A.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Scientific Publishers, B.V.; 1993 Jun01.
Journal of hydrology v. 146 (1/4): p. 301-319; 1993 Jun01.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Western australia; Watersheds; Mixed pastures;
Crops; Pasture plants; Catchment hydrology;
Evapotranspiration; Seasonal variation; Biomass production;
Rooting depth; Groundwater recharge; Soil salinity
Abstract: The clearing of native vegetation and its
replacement with shallow rooted. annual crops and pastures has
resulted in rising groundwater levels and concentration of
salts in the surface soils of resulting groundwater discharge
areas in the southwest of Western Australia. The potential to
manipulate the recharge rates to groundwaters by using
agronomic techniques to change catchment evapotranspiration
(Et), has been the subject of much discussion. From 1986 to
1989, annual Et was estimated from daytime measurements of Et
from annual pasture (existing pasture, subterranean clover,
Medicago murex), crops (lupins, oats, rape, barley and wheat)
and two perennial pastures (lucerne and phalaris) at a site
near Collie in the southwest of Western Australia. The
ventilated chamber technique was used to measure Et rates,
together with ancillary measurements of above ground biomass
and rooting depth. Seasonal values of Et are presented and
combined to allow a boundary analysis of annual Et for each
species. Et was found to be influenced by the amount and
timing of biomass production, and by the rooting depth. The
median annual evapotranspiration of annual pasture was shown
to be the least (339 mm), and lupins the most (471 mm). The
site environment combined high rainfall and low evaporative
demand in winter, and low moisture-holding capacity of duplex
soils with preferred pathways through subsoil clays. In this
context, the potential of deeper rooted, perennial species to
use more water, was apparent. It is argued that the smaller
the difference in annual evapotranspiration between
alternative and current agricultural practice (annual
pasture), the larger the proportion of a catchment likely to
be required for treatment to affect groundwater levels.
Recharge manipulation alone, using the species tested, may not
be sufficient for catchment salinity control. A wide range of
other strategies exist: a combination of these, to suit the
practical and economic constraints of the farmers, together
with recharge manipulation, offers the besty solutions for
catchment mangaement to control salinity in the southwest of
Western Australia.
143 NAL Call. No.: QH301.A76
Experimental creation of naturalistic amenity woodland with
fertilizer and herbicide management plus lupin companion
plants.
Putwain, P.D.; Evans, B.E.
Wellesbourne, Warwick : The Association of Applied Biologists;
1992. Aspects of applied biology (29): p. 179-186; 1992. In
the series analytic: Vegetation management in forestry,
amenity and conservation areas. Paper presented at the
conference of the Association, April 7-9, 1992, University of
York, England. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wales; Shrubs; Trees; Woodlands; Amenity and
recreation areas; Direct sowing; Establishment; Foliar
diagnosis; Lupinus arboreus; Companion crops; Compound
fertilizers; Growth; Herbicides; Propyzamide
144 NAL Call. No.: 421 EN895
Explaining differences in flea beetle Phyllotreta cruciferea
Goeze densities in simple and mixed broccoli cropping systems
as a function of individual behavior.
Garcia, M.A.; Altieri, M.A.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Mar.
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata v. 62 (3): p. 201-209;
1992 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Brassica oleracea var. italica; Mixed
cropping; Vicia faba; Vicia sativa; Phyllotreta cruciferae;
Ecosystems; Migration; Movement; Population ecology
145 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 Z34
Expression of the gene encoding the PR-like protein PRms in
germinating maize embryos.
Casacuberta, J.M.; Raventos, D.; Puigdomenech, P.; San
Segundo, B. Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992
Jul.
M G G : Molecular and general genetics v. 234 (1): p. 97-104;
1992 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Structural genes; Pathogenesis-related
proteins; Gene expression; Plant embryos; Seed germination;
Genetic regulation; Defense mechanisms; Scutellum; Gibberella
fujikuroi; Fungal diseases; Cell wall components; Gibberellic
acid
Abstract: The PRms protein is a pathogenesis-related (PR)-
like protein whose mRNA accumulates during germination of
maize seeds. Expression of the PRms gene is induced after
infection of maize seeds with the fungus Fusarium moniliforme.
To further our investigations on the expression of the PRms
gene we examined the accumulation of PRms mRNA in different
tissues of maize seedlings infected with F. moniliforme and
studied the effect of fungal elicitors, the mycotoxin
moniliformin, the hormone gibberellic acid, and specific
chemical agents. Our results indicate that fungal infection,
and treatment either with fungal elicitors or with
moniliformin, a mycotoxin produced by F. moniliforme, increase
the steady-state level of PRms mRNA. PRms mRNA accumulation is
also stimulated by the application of the hormone gibberellic
acid or by treatment with silver nitrate, whereas
acetylsalicylic acid has no effect. In situ RNA hybridization
in isolated germinating embryo sections demonstrates that the
PRms gene is expressed in the scutellum, particularly in a
group of inner cells, and in the epithelium lying at the
interface of the scutellum and the endosperm. The pattern of
expression of the PRms gene closely resembles that found for
hydrolytic enzymes, being confined to the scutellum and the
aleurone layer of the germinating maize seed. Our results
suggest that the PRms protein has a function during the normal
process of seed germination that has become adapted to serve
among the defence mechanisms induced in response to pathogens
during maize seed germination.
146 NAL Call. No.: 280.8 J822
Farm production decisions under cross and conservation
compliance. Hoag, D.L.; Holloway, H.A.
Ames, Iowa : American Agricultural Economics Association; 1991
Feb. American journal of agricultural economics v. 73 (1): p.
184-193; 1991 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Soil conservation; Erosion;
Profitability; Federal programs; Program participants;
Acreage; Yields; Returns; Comparisons; Land diversion; Crop
mixtures; Economic impact; Case studies; Integer programming
Abstract: The success of soil conservation compliance (CC)
hinges on participation in commodity programs. Using mixed
integer programming, the profitability of participation in
commodity programs was examined on seventeen surveyed North
Carolina farms. Without CC, cross compliance in commodity
programs increased projected soil erosion by over 80% when
participation increased from 30% to nearly 90%. With CC,
erosion fell by two-thirds at the high participation level but
decreased by only 1% with low participation. Individual farm
acreage base and crop yield strongly affected the
profitability of CC. Compliance is increasingly profitable on
farms with more base acreage and higher yields.
147 NAL Call. No.: 26 T754
Farmers' adaptations to production constraints and their
implications for agricultural policy: the case of rice
cropping systems in the Dominican Republic.
Doorman, F.
Guildford : Butterworth Scientific; 1991 Apr.
Tropical agriculture v. 68 (2): p. 171-177; 1991 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dominican republic; Oryza sativa; Ratooning; Cost
effectiveness analysis; Cropping systems; Double cropping;
Innovations; Small farms; Agricultural policy
148 NAL Call. No.: 280.8 J822
A farm-level analysis of economic and agronomic impacts of
gradual climate warming.
Kaiser, H.M.; Riha, S.J.; Wilks, D.S.; Rossiter, D.G.;
Sampath, R. Ames, Iowa : American Agricultural Economics
Association; 1993 May. American journal of agricultural
economics v. 75 (2): p. 387-398; 1993 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Minnesota; Climatic change; Agronomy; Economic
impact; Agricultural adjustment; Grain; Crop production; Case
studies; Crop yield; Crop mixtures; Returns; Econometric
models
Abstract: The potential economic and agronomic impacts of
gradual climate warming are examined at the farm level. Three
models of the relevant climatic, agronomic, and economic
processes are developed and linked to address climate change
impacts and agricultural adaptability. Several climate warming
scenarios are analyzed, which vary in severity. The results
indicate that grain farmers in southern Minnesota can
effectively adapt to a gradually changing climate (warmer and
either wetter or drier) by adopting later maturing cultivars,
changing crop mix, and altering the timing of field operations
to take advantage of a longer growing season resulting from
climate warming.
149 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Fertility and weed stress effects on performance of
maize/soybean intercrop. Weil, R.R.; McFadden, M.E.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Jul.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (4): p. 717-721; 1991 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maryland; Zea mays; Glycine max; Intercropping;
Soil; Water; Stress conditions; Weed competition; Soil
fertility; Stress; Stand density; Yield response functions
Abstract: Intercropped corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean
[Glycine max (L.) Merr.) may produce more total yield per
hectare than either grown separately, ie., land equivalent
ratio (LER) greater than or equal to 1. Low N fertility,
limited moisture, and weed competition have each been reported
to result in high land equivalent ratios. Thus it was
hypothesized that intercropping advantages were greater of
soil fertility stress (F1 = low N-P-K, F2 = high N-P-K), weed
competition stress (W1 = unweeded, W2 weeded), and four
cropping systems (M2S, M1S, M2, S; where M2 = high density
maize, M1 = low density maize, and S = soybean at normal
density) on the performance of maize and soybean, and on the
growth of weeds. 'Cargill 921' maize and 'Union' soybean were
planted simultaneously in 1985 and 1986 in alternate rows
spaced at 0.5 m on a atypic Hapludult in Maryland. Land
equivalent ratios and maize equivalent yields were calculated.
Dry matter production was determined early in the season, and
grain yield plus weed dry matter were determined at final
harvest. LER values (mean of 1985 and 1986) ranged from 0.89
(W1F1M2S) to 1.18 (W2F1M1S). The LER data showed that at high
fertility levels, weed stress increased the relative advantage
of intercropping. In addition, when plots were weeded, LER
increased from O.96 to 1.13 under fertility stress. Maize
equivalent yields were calculated from the relative prices of
maize and soybeans. The highest maize equivalent yields in all
cropping systems in both years occurred under optimal
conditions (W2,F2).
150 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Field crop recovery and modeling of nitrogen mineralized from
labeled sorghum residues.
Vigil, M.F.; Kissel, D.E.; Smith, S.J.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Jul.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (4): p.
1031-1037; 1991 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kansas; Sorghum bicolor; Triticum aestivum;
Nutrient availability; Mineralization; Nitrogen;
Decomposition; Crop residues; Sorghum; Nutrient uptake;
Carbon-nitrogen ratio; Simulation models; Regression analysis;
Subsurface application; Double cropping; Isotope labeling;
Ammonium nitrogen; Nitrate nitrogen; Soil water content; Soil
temperature; Silt loam soils; Argillic horizons; Seasonal
variation
Abstract: Efficient use of fertilizer N requires an
assessment of the N contribution from decomposing crop
resumes. The objectives of this study were to quantify and
model the amount of mineralized N recovered by a growing crop
from 15N-labeled sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench)
residues of variable N concentration and composition. The
residues were incorporated into the surface soil of field
microplots. The microplots were double-cropped with sorghum
and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for a 3-yr period. The 15N
tag in the crop residue was used to distinguish between
residue-derived N and that from soil organic matter. Between
4.5 and 25% of the residue N applied (36-83 kg N ha-1 was
applied as crop residue N) was recovered by a sorghum crop 110
d after incorporation. This constituted 56 to 77% of the total
N recovered during a 3-yr period. Accumulated N recovered over
time was described by modified first-order models. Regression
analysis indicated that 93% of the variability in N recovered
by 110 d could be explained using the C/N ratio and acid-
detergent fiber contents of the residues. Measurements of N
mineralized, using the method described above, were compared
with predicted N mineralized using MINIMO (a subroutine of the
CERES-Maize model). After adjusting MINIMO parameters using
data collected 110 d after residue incorporation, the slope
and intercept of a linear fit between measured and MINIMO-
predicted N mineralized 1097 d after residue incorporation
were not different from one and zero, respectively.
151 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 Z8
Field uniformity of the Japonica rice region of Taiwan as
estimated by relative genetic contribution.
Lin, M.S.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1991.
Theoretical and applied genetics v. 83 (1): p. 115-118; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Taiwan; Oryza sativa; Germplasm; Cultivars;
Pedigree; Genetic differences; Acreage; Crop production;
Genotype mixtures; Crop mixtures
Abstract: Despite the concerns for genetic vulnerability that
were raised in the 1970s, the field uniformity of the Japonica
rice (Oryza sativa L.) region in Taiwan has increased since
1980 with over 82% of the cultivated areas being covered by as
few as three varieties and over half of this hectarage by a
single variety. Japanese plant introductions are the major
ancestral contributors of genetic constituents for varieties
released in Taiwan. The main constitution of the genetic base
present in the field has changed little since 1971. Six common
ancestors comprised 60%, 55%, 78%, and 77% of the genetic
constituents present in the field in 1971, 1976, 1981, and
1986, respectively. These estimates revealed that at least 55%
of the genes utilized in the last 15 years came from the same
sources. Recent efforts in introducing new germ plasm sources
to variety development should continue to alleviate the
possible crop loss due to continuous monoculture.
152 NAL Call. No.: QR89.7.A34 1990
Fitting soil-improving legumes into inland valley rice-based
cropping systems in West Africa.
Carsky, R.J.; Ajayi, E.O.
Chichester : Wiley; 1992.
Biological nitrogen fixation and sustainability of tropical
agriculture : proc of the 4th International Conf of the
African Assoc for Biological Nitrogen Fixation, held at the
Int Inst of Trop Agric, Nigeria, 24-28 Sept 1990. p. 395-404;
1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: West Africa; Leguminosae; Oryza sativa; Mixed
cropping; Nitrogen fixation; Soil fertility
153 NAL Call. No.: QL461.G4
Flight and landing activity of Rhopalosiphum maidis
(Homoptera: Aphididae) in bean monocultures and bean-corn
mixtures.
Bottenberg, H.; Irwin, M.E.
Griffin, Ga. : Georgia Entomological Society; 1992 Apr.
Journal of entomological science v. 27 (2): p. 143-153; 1992
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Illinois; Phaseolus vulgaris; Zea mays;
Rhopalosiphum maidis; Flight; Movement; Spread; Mixed cropping
154 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Florigraze rhizoma peanut in association with warm-season
perennial grasses. Dunavin, L.S.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Mar.
Agronomy journal v. 84 (2): p. 148-151; 1992 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Arachis glabrata; Crop mixtures; Cynodon
dactylon; Hemarthria altissima; Paspalum notatum; Secale
cereale; Lolium multiflorum; Trifolium incarnatum; Mixed
cropping; Crop yield; Crop quality; Crude protein; Dry matter
accumulation
Abstract: The rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.), a
warm-season perennial legume, offers enough promise to justify
investigating its potential as a companion legume with various
adapted perennial grasses. A field experiment was conducted on
an Orangeburg sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic
Paleudults) near Jay, FL, to determine the efficacy of using
'Florigraze' rhizoma peanut with 'Tifton 44' bermudagrass
[Cynodon dactydon (L.) Pers.], 'Floralta' limpograss
[Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf and C. E. Hubb], and
'Pensacola' bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) from 1981
through 1988. Volunteer grasses replaced Floralta in 1985
through 1988, and cool-season forage crops, 'Wrens abruzzi'
rye (Secale cereale L.), 'Fla. 80' ryegrass (Lolium
multiflorum Lam.), and 'Dixie' crimson clover (Trifolium
incarnatum L.) were then seeded over the peanut-grass plots in
the fall. Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and digestible
organic matter (DOM) production of the combined grass and
legume forage were determined. During the first 4 yr, the
yields of DM, CP, and DOM from each grass-peanut mixture were
essentially equal; however, more DM and DOM were produced by
limpograss-peanut in 1981 and 1982. In the last 4 yr, the
volunteer grass-peanut generally produced the least DM, and
less DOM, in 1986 and 1987. The peanut content decreased
during the last 4 yr in all mixtures but most markedly in the
bahiagrass-peanut mixture. In general cool-season crops
performed best when seeded over bermudagrass-peanut followed
by performance over volunteer grass-peanut and bahiagrass-
peanut, respectively. Rhizoma peanut can be successfully grown
with various perennial grasses for several years but may
eventually be crowded out by such thick-sodded grasses as
Pensacola bahiagrass.
155 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Forage legume-small grain intercrops: nitrogen production and
response of subsequent corn.
Hesterman, O.B.; Griffin, T.S.; Williams, P.T.; Harris, G.H.;
Christenson, D.R.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jul.
Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (3): p. 340-348; 1992
Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Michigan; Triticum aestivum; Winter wheat; Avena
sativa; Zea mays; Medicago sativa; Trifolium pratense; Cover
crops; Intercropping; Crop yield; Sowing; Nitrogen; Soil
fertility; Available water; Spatial variation; Geographical
distribution; Precipitation; Seasonal variation
156 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Forage potential of kura clover and birdsfoot trefoil when
grazed by sheep. Sheaffer, C.C.; Marten, G.C.; Jordan, R.M.;
Ristau, E.A.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Mar.
Agronomy journal v. 84 (2): p. 176-180; 1992 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Minnesota; Lambs; Trifolium ambiguum; Lotus
corniculatus; Sheep; Grazing trials; Monoculture; Mixed
cropping; Persistence; Grazing effects; Forage; Crop quality;
Liveweight gain; Nutritive value; Bloat; Incidence
Abstract: Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) is a
rhizomatous perennial legume that has not been adequately
evaluated in the USA under grazing. Our objective was to
compare kura clover and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus
L.) persistence and productivity when seeded in monoculture
and in a binary mixture and grazed by lambs. A controlled,
high herbage allowance (mean of 7.4% of lamb body weight in
forage dry matter per day) was applied for 4 yr to pastures on
a Waukegan silt loam (fine-silty over sandy, mixed, mesic
Typic Hapludoll). Initial seeded legume composition of
monocultures was > 95%, while the composition of the kura
clover-birdsfoot trefoil mixture was initially 10 and 90%,
respectively. By the fourth year of grazing, the kura clover
monoculture and mixture had > 99% kura clover, while the
birdsfoot trefoil monoculture had only 20% birdsfoot trefoil
(80% broadleaf weeds). At the initiation of grazing, kura
clover had 20% greater leafiness and higher forage quality
than birdsfoot trefoil. Animal days per hectare and liveweight
gain per hectare were initially similar for the legume
monocultures and mixtures, but by the fourth year were 105%
and 86% greater, respectively, for the kura clover dominated
mixture and the kura clover monoculture than for the birdsfoot
trefoil monoculture. Average daily lamb gain was similar (4-yr
mean of 199 g per lamb) for the treatments each year. Seeding
with birdsfoot trefoil did not reduce the incidence of lamb
bloat (6%) that occurred on kura clover pastures when kura
clover comprised 20% or more of the mixture. Kura clover has
potential as a pasture legume in the northern USA because of
its excellent persistence, ability to spread, and high forage
quality. Additional evaluation of animal performance under
lower herbage allowance and on determination of kura clover
compatibility with grasses in mixtures is warranted.
157 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
Forage potential of pulse-cereal mixtures in central Alberta.
Jedel, P.E.; Helm, J.H.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1993 Apr.
Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de
phytotechnie v. 73 (2): p. 437-444; 1993 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pisum sativum; Vicia faba; Hordeum vulgare; Avena
sativa; Triticale; Crop mixtures; Dry matter accumulation;
Crop yield; Cultivars; Moisture content; Protein content;
Fiber content; Forage
158 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
Forage production by four annual cropping sequeces emphasizing
barley under irrigation in southern interior British Columbia.
Thompson, D.J.; Stout, D.G.; Moore, T.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1992 Jan.
Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de
phytotechnie v. 72 (1): p. 181-185; 1992 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: British Columbia; Hordeum vulgare; Lolium
multiflorum; Vicia sativa; Intercropping; Forage; Crop
production; Crop yield; Crop quality; Irrigation
159 NAL Call. No.: S587.T47
Forage production by two birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus) varieties
as influenced by four companion grasses.
Sheldrick, R.D.; Martyn, T.M.; Lavender, R.H.
London : Association of Applied Biologists : c1980-; 1993 Apr.
Tests of agrochemicals and cultivars (14): p. 182-183; 1993
Apr. Supplement to Annals of applied biology, volume 122.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lotus corniculatus; Lotus uliginosus; Companion
crops; Phleum pratense; Agrostis capillaris; Festuca
pratensis; Poa pratensis; Crop production; Dry matter
accumulation
160 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783
Forage tree legumes. IV. Productivity of Leucaena/grass
mixtures. Horne, P.M.; Blair, G.J.
Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
Organization; 1991.
Australian journal of agricultural research v. 42 (7): p.
1231-1250; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Java; Leucaena leucocephala; Pennisetum
purpureum; Setaria sphacelata var. splendida; Crop mixtures;
Crop yield; Interplanting; Light; Monoculture; Plant density;
Yield components
161 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Forage yield, quality, compatibility, and persistence of warm-
season grass-legume mixtures.
Posler, G.L.; Lenssen, A.W.; Fine, G.L.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy, [1949-; 1993
May. Agronomy journal v. 85 (3): p. 554-560; 1993 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kansas; Cabt; Panicum virgatum; Bouteloua
curtipendula; Sorghastrum nutans; Leguminosae; Lespedeza;
Petalostemon; Petalostemon purpureum; Amorpha canescens;
Desmanthus; Astragalus cicer; Crop mixtures; Crop yield;
Forage; Crop quality; Persistence; In vitro digestibility;
Nutritive value
Abstract: Development of compatible, persistent, warm-season
grass-legume mixtures could increase forage yield and quality
during summer months. We established a trial to determine
forage yield, quality, species compatibility, and persistence
of binary mixtures of warm-season grasses with selected
legumes, five of which are native to the central USA. Grass
entries were switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), sideoats grama
(Bouteloua curtipendula Michx.), and indiangrass [Sorghastrum
nutans (L.) Nash]. Legume entries were purple prairieclover
[Dalea purpurea Vent.; syn. Petalostemon purpureum (Vent.)
Rydb.], roundhead lespedeza Lespedeza capitata Michx.),
leadplant (Amorpha canescens Pursh), Illinois bundleflower
[Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacMill, B. Robins. & Fern.),
catclaw sensitive brier [Schrankia nuttallii (DC.) Standl.],
and cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.), a cool-season
species. Unfertilized grass plots without legumes also were
included. The experiment was on a Haynie very fine sandy loam
soil (coarse-silty, mixed, calcareous, mesic Typic
Udifluvents). All mixtures containing purple prairieclover,
roundhead lespedeza, Illinois bundleflower, or catclaw
sensitive brier yielded more forage than did grasses grown
alone or with leadplant, except for pure switchgrass in 1986.
All legumes increased the crude protein concentration of
forage compared to that of grass-alone plots, except for
leadplant with switchgrass in 1986. Inclusion of catclaw
sensitive brier and cicer milkvetch with grasses consistently
improved in vitro digestible dry matter concentration (IVDDM),
while inclusion of roundhead lespedeza, leadplant, and
Illinois bundleflower generally resulted in decreased IVDDM
concentration of forage. Purple prairieclover generally did
not influence IVDMD of mixtures. Persistence of all legumes
was good. Cicer milkvetch was not compatible with these
grasses because it developed a thick, dense canopy prior to
initiation of growth by these grasses.
162 NAL Call. No.: SB732.6.M65
Functional and mutated agrocinopine synthase genes on octopine
T-DNAs. Paulus, F.; Otten, L.
St. Paul, Minn. : APS Press; 1993 May.
Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI v. 6 (3): p.
393-402; 1993 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Agrobacterium
rhizogenes; Plasmids; Structural genes; Ligases;
Carbohydrates; Secondary metabolites; Nucleotide sequences;
Amino acid sequences; Tumors; Kalanchoe daigremontiana
163 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82
Genetic variances for dry matter yield, nitrogen content, and
nitrogen yield in crested wheatgrass-alfalfa mixtures.
Asay, K.H.; Mayland, H.F.
Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1991 Sep.
Journal of range management v. 44 (5): p. 418-421; 1991 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Agropyron cristatum; Agropyron desertorum;
Medicago sativa; Genetic variance; Genetic variation;
Heritability; Yields; Dry matter accumulation; Lines; Line
differences; Genotype environment interaction; Genotype
nutrition interaction; Nitrogen content; Nutrient uptake;
Nitrogen cycle; Crop mixtures
Abstract: Since its introduction from Asia in the early
1900s, crested wheatgrass [Agropyron cristatum (L.)Gaertner,
A. desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schultes et al.] has had a
major impact on the improvement of western rangelands of North
America. Most of the early seedings with this cool-season
grass were made as monocultures. Present and projected use of
rangelands, however, prescribe that future crested wheatgrass
cultivars have the genetic potential to be an effective
component in a species complex including other grasses,
shrubs, and forbs. The present study was conducted to evaluate
the effect of associated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on the
performance and genetic variability in a 50-clone sample of a
tetraploid crested wheatgrass breeding population. Significant
(P < 0.05) differences were found among the clonal lines for
dry matter (DM) yield, nitrogen (N), and N yield.
Opportunities for genetic improvement, as indicated by the
magnitude of the genetic variation for these characters, was
significantly increased when the grasses were grown in
association with alfalfa. Significant (P < 0.01) and positive
correlations of clonal means between stand types indicated
that differences among the clonal lines in DM yield, N
content, and N yield were relatively consistent when grown
with or without alfalfa. These results indicate that initial
screening could be effectively done in tetraploid crested
wheatgrass in the presence or absence of alfalfa. Final
evaluation of breeding lines and experimental strains,
however, should be done with alfalfa if the object is to
develop cultivars to be grown in combination with that
species.
164 NAL Call. No.: SB453.6.F56 1991
Good companions a guide to gardening with plants that help
each other. Flowerdew, Bob
New York : Summit Books,; 1991.
92 p. : col. ill. ; 21 cm. Includes index.
Language: English
Descriptors: Companion planting; Companion crops
165 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Grain yield and returns from intercropping wheat and flax.
Carr, P.M.; Schatz, B.G.; Gardner, J.C.; Zwinger, S.F.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1993 Jan.
Journal of production agriculture v. 6 (1): p. 67-72; 1993
Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Dakota; Triticum aestivum; Linum
usitatissimum; Intercropping; Dry farming; Irrigation; Crop
yield; Grain; Economic analysis; Returns
166 NAL Call. No.: S1.N32
Grass in alfalfa baffles bugs: as it builds soil and
suppresses weeds. Bowman, G.
Emmaus, Pa. : Rodale Institute; 1992 May.
The New farm v. 14 (4): p. 22-23, 28-29; 1992 May.
Language: English
Descriptors: Medicago sativa; Gramineae; Interplanting;
Biological control
167 NAL Call. No.: SB193.F59
Grazing management of overseeded ryegrass.
Alison, M.W.
Georgetown, Tx. : American Forage and Grassland Council; 1992.
Proceedings of the Forage and Grassland Conference v. 1: p.
55-59; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Lolium multiflorum; Oversowing;
Grazing systems
168 NAL Call. No.: S37.F72
Growing clovers in Arkansas.
Hankins, B.J.
Little Rock, Ark. : Cooperative Extension Service,; 1993 Feb.
FSA (2117): 4 p.; 1993 Feb. In subseries: Winter Forage
Series.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arkansas; Cabt; Trifolium; Pastures; Winter; Seed
inoculation; Cultivars; Planting; Fertilizers; Seed mixtures
169 NAL Call. No.: 10 J822
Growing spring cereals in a white clover (Trifolium repens)
crop. Williams, E.D.; Hayes, M.J.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1991 Aug.
The Journal of agricultural science v. 117 (pt.1): p. 23-37;
1991 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: England; Wales; Avena sativa; Hordeum vulgare;
Trifolium repens; Crop yield; Cultivars; Drilling; Glyphosate;
Intercropping; Mixed cropping; Paraquat; Plant competition;
Site factors; Yield components; Yield response functions
170 NAL Call. No.: 450 AN7
Growth and N accumulation in maize and winged bean as affected
by N level and intercropping.
Hikam, S.; MacKown, C.T.; Poneleit, C.G.; Hildebrand, D.F.
London : Academic Press; 1991 Jul.
Annals of botany v. 68 (1): p. 17-22; 1991 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Psophocarpus tetragonolobus; Growth;
Nitrogen content; Nitrate; Nitrogen fixation; Intercropping;
Nutrient requirements; Plant nutrition; Sustainability
Abstract: Cereal-legume intercropping and other mixed
cropping culture as practiced traditionally in many Asian,
African, and Latin American countries provide sustainable
farming systems with enhanced land and energy use. Winged bean
[Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.] is a readily nodulated
tropical legume with high food value. Little is known
concerning the intercropping potential of winged bean and
maize (Zea mays L.) or the effects of nitrogen (N) levels on
this intercrop system. In a greenhouse study with plants grown
in containers widely spaced to minimize competition for light,
dry matter accumulation and N concentration of both species
were greater for plants grown with 7.5 millimoles NO3- (HN)
than those grown with 0.75 millimoles NO3- (LN). The only
effect of the cropping system on winged bean was a lower N
concentration in intercrop than monocrop plants. Maize dry
matter accumulation was reduced and tissue N concentration was
increased with intercrop culture. These results indicated N
stress did not cause the decreased growth of maize when grown
with winged bean; an allelopathic effect of winged bean on
maize may have occurred. The relative contribution of N2
fixation (determined by 15N isotope dilution) to the total N
accumulation of monocrop winged bean was significantly greater
at LN than at HN. At 44 d after transplanting, the
contribution of N2 fixation to winged bean grown with maize
was greater than when winged bean was grown alone. Winged bean
nodule number was equivalent for all treatments. As N
availability decreased due to intercrop culture and N level,
concurrent increases were observed in nodule dry weight and
the contribution of N2 fixation to the N economy of winged
bean.
171 NAL Call. No.: 60.19 B773
Growth and photosynthesis of tall and short cultivars of white
clover with tall and short grasses.
Woledger, J.; Davidson, K.; Dennis, W.D.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications,; 1992 Sep.
Grass and forage science : the journal of the British
Grassland Society v. 47 (3): p. 230-238; 1992 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Trifolium subterraneum; Cultivars; Plant height;
Mixed pastures; Grass sward; Festuca arundinacea; Spring;
Summer; Growth rate; Lolium perenne; Photosynthesis; Dry
matter accumulation; Canopy; Light relations
172 NAL Call. No.: 10 Ex72
Growth and yield of millet and cowpea in relay and intercrop
systems in the Sahelian zone in years when the onset of the
rainy season is early. Sivakumar, M.V.K.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1993 Oct.
Experimental agriculture v. 29 (4): p. 417-427; 1993 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Niger; Cabt; Pennisetum Americanum; Vigna
unguiculata; Relay cropping; Intercropping; Dry matter
accumulation; Leaf area; Crop yield; Sowing date; Harvesting
date
173 NAL Call. No.: QK867.J67
Growth and yield responses of ginger (Zingiber officinale
Roscoe) as affected by shade and fertilizer applications.
Wilson, H.; Ovid, A.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1993.
Journal of plant nutrition v. 16 (8): p. 1539-1545; 1993.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zingiber officinale; Shading; Urea fertilizers;
Npk fertilizers; Plant height; Crop yield; Tillering; Iron;
Mineral deficiencies; Chlorosis; Calcareous soils;
Intercropping; Zea mays; Pisum sativum
Abstract: Field experiments were conducted on a Vertisol to
study the effect of shade and fertilizer applications in
reducing lime-induced iron chlorosis, thereby improving crop
growth and yield of ginger. Plant height and tiller number
were increased with shade treatment, while the severity of
iron chlorosis was reduced. Ginger growth under 66% saran
netting, inter-cropped with ochro and inter-cropped with corn
and peas, significantly outyielded those plants intercropped
with corn only and those with no shade. Fertilizer
applications did not have any significant effect on yield in
comparison to shade treatments.
174 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.B5
Growth, nitrogen fixation and transfer in a mixed cropping
system of cowpea-rice.
Okereke, G.U.; Anyama, D.
Oxon : A B Academic Publishers; 1992.
Biological agriculture and horticulture : an international
journal v. 9 (1): p. 65-76; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Vigna unguiculata; Oryza sativa; Mixed cropping;
Sole cropping; Comparisons; Growth; Nitrogen fixation;
Nodulation
175 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Growth of relay intercropped soybean.
Wallace, S.U.; Whitwell, T.; Palmer, J.H.; Hood, C.E.; Hull,
S.A. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Nov.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 84 (6): p.
968-973; 1992 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Carolina; Glycine max; Intercropping; Relay
cropping; Triticum aestivum; Plant competition; Canopy; Shade;
Growth rate; Leaf area; Dry matter accumulation; Crop yield;
Yield components; Photosynthesis
Abstract: Relay intercropping of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] allows for earlier
soybean planting than in conventional doublecropping systems,
but shading and other influences of the wheat crop may be
detrimental to intercropped soybean development. The purpose
of this study was to determine the effect of relay
intercropping on soybean growth and yield. Intercropped
soybean, planted 19 (1989) or 14 (1990) days before wheat
harvest, was compared with a control treatment (same no-till
planting pattern and date, but no wheat) on a Cecil sandy loam
(clayey, kaolinic, thermic Typic Hapludults) soil.
Intercropping had a greater influence on soybean growth in
1989, when there was more shading by the wheat canopy and also
when the period between soybean planting and wheat harvest was
longer, than in 1990. In both years the greatest effects of
intercropping on growth occurred early in the season, when
intercropped plants were taller but had smaller stem
diameters, less leaf area, and less aboveground dry weight, as
compared with control plants. Photosynthetic rates of upper
canopy leaves were reduced by intercropping for 2 wk after
wheat harvest in 1990. This was associated with an increase in
specific leaf area in intercropped plants. Late-season growth,
including that of reproductive parts, was similar for
intercropped and control treatments, and there were no
detectable effects of intercropping on final yield components
or yield in either year. In environments where the period of
overlap between the wheat and soybean crops is relatively
short, negative effects of relay intercropping on early
soybean growth may not result in yield reductions.
176 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883
Growth of white clover clones in monoculture and contrasting
bermudagrass swards.
Brink, G.E.; Rowe, D.E.
Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America, 1961-; 1993
Sep. Crop science v. 33 (5): p. 1091-1094; 1993 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Cabt; Trifolium repens; Clones;
Plant breeding; Persistence; Grass sward; Intercropping;
Selection criteria; Competitive ability; Germplasm;
Monoculture; Growth rate; Crop yield; Agronomic
characteristics; Plant competition; Branching
Abstract: Spaced-plant arrangements provide a means of
evaluating white clover (Trifolium repens L.) germplasm for a
range of characteristics. Growth of spaced white clover plants
in monoculture, however, may not be related to growth with
grasses. Our objective was to determine the relationships
among various growth parameters of white clover grown as
spaced plants in monoculture and with contrasting grass
swards. Vegetative clones of 47 plants of Southern Regional
Virus Resistant white clover germplasm were planted on 1-m
centers in previously established common or hybrid ('Tifton
44') bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L). Pers.) swards, or in
monoculture in a Catalpa silty clay soil (fine,
montmorillonitic, thermic Fluvaquentic Hapludoll) in the fall
of 1988. Growth of each clone was measured in the spring and
fall of 1989, and in the spring of 1990 and 1991. At each
sampling, clover dry matter (DM) yield, plant spread, and
stolon branching were lower for clones grown with common
bermudagrass than with hybrid bermudagrass or in monoculture.
Growth of clones with hybrid bermudagrass was intermediate to
growth with common bermudagrass and in monoculture, presumably
because of the density of above-ground competition from hybrid
compared to common bermudagrass (260 vs. 470 g DM m-2; 5-cm
stubble). Correlations between clover yield and stolon
branching, and clover yield and plant spread were greatest for
clones grown with common bermudagrass (0.42 and 0.85,
respectively). Stolon branching of clones in monoculture was
not correlated with stolon branching in either bermudagrass.
The influence of the grass on stolon branching and the
relationship of branching to persistence suggest the necessity
of evaluating white clover germplasm in association with
grasses.
177 NAL Call. No.: 420 F662
Hazard for fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) infestation
of maize in double-cropping systems using sustainable
agricultural practices. Roberts, P.M.; All, J.N.
Winter Haven, Fla. : Florida Entomological Society; 1993 Jun.
Florida entomologist v. 76 (2): p. 276-283; 1993 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Zea mays; Crop damage; Infestation;
Spodoptera frugiperda; Crop yield; Double cropping;
Sustainability; Tillage
178 NAL Call. No.: 23 Au792
Herbage and animal production from native pastures and
pastures oversown with Stylosanthes hamata. 1. Fertiliser and
stocking rate effects. Gardener, C.J.; McCaskill, M.R.;
McIvor, J.G.
East Melbourne, Vic. Australia : Commonwealth Scientific and
Industrial Research Organization, c1985-; 1993.
Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 33 (5): p.
561-570; 1993. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Queensland; Cabt; Grassland management; Herbage
crops; Oversowing; Stylosanthes hamata; Superphosphates;
Cattle; Droughtmaster; Grazing; Liveweight gain; Long term
experiments; Stocking rate
179 NAL Call. No.: 23 Au792
Herbage and animal production from native pastures and
pastures oversown with Stylosanthes hamata. 2. Modelling
studies.
McCaskill, M.R.; McIvor, J.G.
East Melbourne, Vic. Australia : Commonwealth Scientific and
Industrial Research Organization, c1985-; 1993.
Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 33 (5): p.
571-579; 1993. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Queensland; Cabt; Grassland management; Herbage
crops; Oversowing; Stylosanthes hamata; Cattle; Droughtmaster;
Grazing; Liveweight gain; Stocking rate; Growth models; Growth
rate
180 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Herbage yield and nitrogen-fixation in a triple-species mixed
sward of white clover, lotus and fescue.
Danso, S.K.A.; Curbelo, S.; Labandera, C.; Pastorini, D.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Soil biology and biochemistry v. 23 (1): p. 65-70; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Trifolium repens; Lotus corniculatus; Festuca
arundinacea; Mixed pastures; Nitrogen; Application to land;
Nitrogen fixation; Nitrogen content; Herbage; Yields; Dry
matter accumulation
Abstract: The herbage yield and N2 fixed (based on 15N
isotope dilution) in a three-species mixed sward [white clover
(Trifolium repens L.), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus
L.) and fescue (Festuca arandinacea Schreb)] were evaluated
over a 2 yr growth cycle (1986 and 1987). Three harvests were
made in each year. The herbage yield of white clover was
significantly higher than that of birdsfoot trefoil in only
the first two cuts, with birdsfoot trefoil accounting for 86%
of the total legume herbage yield in the remaining four
harvests. For both legume species the proportion of the
aboveground N derived from atmospheric N2 (% Ndfa) fluctuated
little over the different harvests. The 2-year averages were,
88 and 91% Ndfa, for white clover and birdsfoot trefoil,
respectively. The large fluctuations in the amounts of N2
fixed (Ndfa) across harvests and between the legume species
reflected differences in herbage yield. In 1986, both legumes
contributed almost equally to the ca 130 kg N ha-1 fixed,
compared to 1987, when white clover contributed only 5% of the
46 kg N ha-1 fixed in the last two harvests. The better
persistence of birdsfoot trefoil than white clover was
therefore not only reflected in higher yields, but also, in
greater N2 fixed. Nitrogen fertilization had a differential
effect on N2 fixation in the two legumes, with the application
of 10 instead of 2 kg N ha-1 decreasing N2 fixation in white
clover, but not birdsfoot trefoil.
181 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41
Herbicide programs in no-tillage and conventional-tillage
soybeans (Glycine max) double cropped after wheat (Triticum
aestivum).
Sims, B.D.; Guethle, D.R.
Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1992 Apr.
Weed science v. 40 (2): p. 255-263; 1992 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Triticum aestivum; Glycine max;
Double cropping; No-tillage; Tillage; Weed control; Chemical
control; Alachlor; Linuron; Metribuzin; Sethoxydim; Xanthium
strumarium; Pharbitis hederacea; Digitaria sanguinalis;
Amaranthus hybridus; Application date; Timing; Herbicide
mixtures; Plant density; Weeds
Abstract: Postemergence and commonly used preemergence plus
postemergence herbicide programs were evaluated for weed
control in conventional and no-tillage soybeans double cropped
after winter wheat in the northern Mississippi River Delta.
Broadleaf weed species present varied with tillage, location,
and year. Large crabgrass was present in both tillage systems
for all locations and years. Conventional tillage usually
resulted in higher densities of large crabgrass, common
cocklebur, and smooth pigweed. Soil-applied preemergence
herbicides alone did not provide season-long ivyleaf and
entireleaf morningglory or common cocklebur control in either
tillage system. For weed control and soybean yields comparable
to weed-free controls, postemergence broadleaf herbicides were
required in both tillage systems following the soil-applied
herbicide programs, alachlor plus linuron and alachlor plus
metribuzin. Postemergence herbicide programs provided
excellent season-long annual grass and broadleaf weed control
when sethoxydim was applied separately from the broadleaf
herbicides. Antagonism of large crabgrass control resulted
when sethoxydim was tank mixed with postemergence broadleaf
herbicides, compared to separate applications of the
postemergence grass and broadleaf herbicides. In three out of
four studies, soybean yields in handweeded controls were
similar between tillage systems.
182 NAL Call. No.: SB317.5.H68
The historical roots of living mulch and related practices.
Paine, L.K.; Harrison, H.
Alexandria, VA : American Society for Horticultural Science,
c1991-; 1993 Apr. HortTechnology v. 3 (2): p. 137-143; 1993
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Live mulches; Cover crops; Rotations;
Conservation tillage; Intercropping; Soil fertility; Fallow;
Green manures; History; Cropping systems; Sustainability;
Alternative farming
183 NAL Call. No.: QL461.G4
Impact of volunteer wheat on wheat insects in a wheat-soybean
double-crop system.
Buntin, G.D.; Cunfer, B.M.; Bridges, D.C.
Tifton, Ga. : Georgia Entomological Society; 1991 Oct.
Journal of entomological science v. 26 (4): p. 401-407; 1991
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Triticum aestivum; Glycine max;
Mayetiola destructor; Double cropping; Tillage; Volunteer
plants; Integrated pest management; Planting date
184 NAL Call. No.: S75.F87
In mixed company.
Penner, K.
East Lansing, Mich. : The Station; 1991.
Futures - Michigan State University, Agricultural Experiment
Station v. 9 (1): p. 8-10; 1991.
Language: English
Descriptors: Michigan; Grasses; Legumes; Crop mixtures;
Cultivation
185 NAL Call. No.: HD101.S6
Incorporating the impacts of uncertain fieldwork time on
whole-farm risk-return levels: a target MOTAD approach.
Misra, S.K.; Spurlock, S.R.
Experiment, Ga. : The Association; 1991 Dec.
Southern journal of agricultural economics - Southern
Agricultural Economics Association v. 23 (2): p. 9-17; 1991
Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cotton; Farm planning; Crop mixtures; Weather
data; Yield losses; Motad; Linear programming; Stochastic
processes; Time; Returns; Risk; Harvesting; Uncertainty;
Simulation models
Abstract: Given an equipment complement, a specific crop mix
has a probability distribution for whole-farm net returns.
Increasing crop acreage while holding the set of equipment
constant will reduce fixed costs per acre, but it will also
increase the length of time required to complete crucial field
operations such as planting and harvesting. Thus, the
probability of encountering weather-related delays in
fieldwork will increase. This increase in delays may cause a
decline in yields and changes in the distribution of net
returns. This paper develops a Target MOTAD model capable of
capturing intra-year impacts on profit that arise from the
timing of planting and harvesting operations as well as inter-
year impacts on profits that are due to variations in economic
and weather-related factors. The model relies on estimates of
available fieldwork time and a crop's harvestable yield in
different time periods throughout the harvest season.
186 NAL Call. No.: SB317.5.H68
Increasing sustainability by intercropping.
Coolman, R.M.; Hoyt, G.D.
Alexandria, VA : American Society for Horticultural Science,
c1991-; 1993 Jul. HortTechnology v. 3 (3): p. 309-312; 1993
Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Vegetables; Crop production; Sustainability;
Intercropping; Cover crops; Relay cropping; Plant competition;
Legumes; Nitrogen fixation; Interspecific competition;
Literature reviews
187 NAL Call. No.: 26 T754
Increasing the productivity of cassava/maize intercrops with
groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.).
Ikeorgu, J.E.G.; Odurukwe, S.O.
London : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Apr.
Tropical agriculture v. 67 (2): p. 164-168; 1992 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nigeria; Manihot esculenta; Zea mays;
Intercropping; Arachis hypogaea; Crop yield; Cultivars; Plant
density
188 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1P3
Indian mustard as a trap crop for management of major
lepidopterous pests on cabbage.
Srinivasan, K.; Krishna Moorthy, P.N.
London : Taylor & Francis; 1991 Jan.
Tropical pest management v. 37 (1): p. 26-32; 1991 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Brassica oleracea var. capitata; Plutella
xylostella; Crocidolomia binotalis; Hosts of plant pests;
Brassica juncea; Trap crops; Oviposition; Larvae; Population
density; Insect control; Cultural control; Intercropping;
Chemical control; Dichlorvos; Cartap
189 NAL Call. No.: HT401.A36
Indigenous ecological knowledge systems and development.
Woodley, E.
Gainesville, Fla. : Humanities and Agriculture, University of
Florida; 1991. Agriculture and human values v. 8 (1/2): p.
173-178; 1991. In the series analytic: Indigenous
agricultural knowledge systems and development / edited by
D.M. Warren. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Developing countries; Traditional society;
Beliefs; Cultural heritage; Indigenous knowledge; Pastoralism;
Shifting cultivation; Multiple cropping; Ecology; Agricultural
development; Literature reviews
190 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
Influence of annual ryegrass and barley seeding rates on
intercrop forage yield and quality.
Thompson, D.J.; Stout, D.G.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1992 Oct.
Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de
phytotechnie v. 72 (4): p. 1199-1206; 1992 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: British Columbia; Lolium multiflorum; Hordeum
vulgare; Crop quality; Crop yield; Intercropping; Monoculture;
Sowing rates
191 NAL Call. No.: 79.9 C122
Influence of grass interseeding on weed suppression in the
final year of an alfalfa stand.
Roncoroni, E.A.; Lanini, W.T.
Fremont, Calif. : California Weed Conference; 1992.
Proceedings - California Weed Conference (44th): p. 13; 1992.
Paper presented at the meeting on "Many Benefits of Weed
Control," January 20-22, 1992, Sacramento, California.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Medicago sativa; Weed control;
Gramineae; Sowing
192 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 AN72
The influence of intercropping with Allium on some insect
populations in potato (Solanum tuberosum).
Potts, M.J.; Gunadi, N.
Warwick : Association of Applied Biologists; 1991 Aug.
Annals of applied biology v. 119 (1): p. 207-213; 1991 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Java; Solanum tuberosum; Allium cepa; Allium
sativum; Aphis gossypii; Empoasca; Epilachna; Thrips palmi;
Thrips; Myzus persicae; Intercropping; Highlands
193 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Influence of interseeded soybean on yield of associated and
second-year corn. Sundberg, D.; Shibles, R.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Oct.
Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (4): p. 594-598; 1991
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Zea mays; Glycine max; Cultivars;
Interplanting; Residual effects; Monoculture; Crop yield;
Grain; Ratios; Crop residues; Nitrogen; Urea; Application
rates; Seasonal growth; Temporal variation; Plant competition;
Environmental factors; Climatic factors; Profitability
194 NAL Call. No.: SB317.5.A6
Influence of previous summer crop on the response of irrigated
wheat to nitrogen fertilization.
Greenfield, P.L.
Sunnyside : South African Weed Science Society; 1992.
Applied plant science; Toegepaste plantwetenskap v. 6 (2): p.
60-64; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Africa; Triticum aestivum; Double
cropping; Nitrogen fertilizers; Plant nutrition; Rotations;
Split dressings; Crop yield; Irrigated conditions; Glycine
max; Phaseolus vulgaris; Sorghum bicolor; Zea mays
195 NAL Call. No.: 10 J822
Influence of production and storage conditions on subsequent
growth and tuber yield of potato (Solanum spp.) in the hot
tropics.
Midmore, D.J.; Roca, J.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1992 Aug.
The Journal of agricultural science v. 119 (pt.1): p. 45-58;
1992 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Peru; Solanum; Seed potatoes; Cold storage; Crop
production; Genotypes; Replanting; Seasonal variation; Site
factors; Tropics; Yield losses; Double cropping
196 NAL Call. No.: 100 T25F
Influence of row spacing on wheat yields.
Graves, C.R.; Reich, V.; Harrison, M.; Bradley, J.F.
Knoxville, Tenn. : The Station; 1991.
Tennessee farm and home science : progress report - Tennessee
Agricultural Experiment Station (159): p. 17-19; 1991.
Language: English
Descriptors: Tennessee; Triticum aestivum; Row spacing; Crop
yield; Double cropping; Glycine max
197 NAL Call. No.: 10 J822
Influence of seeding time on the yield of white
clover/orchardgrass mixtures in Atlantic Canada.
Fraser, J.; Kunelius, H.T.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1993 Apr.
The Journal of agricultural science v. 120 (pt.2): p. 197-203;
1993 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nova Scotia; Prince edward Island; Trifolium
repens; Dactylis glomerata; Sowing date; Crop yield; Crop
mixtures; Cultivars
198 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Influence of successional and grassy corridors on parasitism
of Plathypena scabra (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae in
soybean agroecosystems. Pavuk, D.M.; Barrett, G.W.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1993 Jun.
Environmental entomology v. 22 (3): p. 541-546; 1993 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ohio; Cabt; Glycine max; Hypena scabra; Larvae;
Aleiodes; Parasitoids; Cotesia marginiventris; Tachinidae;
Vegetation; Interplanting
Abstract: Influences of uncultivated corridors on rates of
parasitism of the green cloverworm, Plathypena scabra (F.), in
soybean agroecosystems were examined. Soybeans were planted in
large experimental plots (0.45 ha); three plots contained
corridors of successional old-field vegetation, three plots
contained corridors planted in grasses, and three plots were
left undivided. Treatments were arranged in a completely
random design. No significant differences in larval parasitism
were observed between treatments, and location (larvae
collected near corridors, less than or equal to 5 m, compared
with larvae collected farther from corridors, 6-11 m) did not
have a significant effect on parasitism of P. scabra larvae.
Parasitism of P. scabra larvae by the total parasitoid
complex, by Aleiodes nolophanae (Ashmead), and by
Campylochaeta plathypenae (Sabrosky) generally increased in
all treatments as the season progressed, but parasitism by C.
plathypenae declined later in the season. Larval parasitism by
Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) declined over time. Larval
parasitism may have been related to spatial scale.
199 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 AN72
The influence of weather and microclimate on Dalbulus maidis
(Homoptera: Cicadellidae) flight activity and the incidence of
diseases within maize and bean monocultures and bicultures in
tropical America.
Castro, V.; Rivera, C.; Isard, S.A.; Gamez, R.; Fletcher, J.;
Irwin, M.E. Warwick : Association of Applied Biologists; 1992
Dec.
Annals of applied biology v. 121 (3): p. 469-482; 1992 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Costa Rica; Zea mays; Phaseolus vulgaris;
Dalbulus maidis; Maize rayado fino marafivirus; Mycoplasmal
diseases; Plant diseases; Disease vectors; Disease
transmission; Incidence; Monoculture; Mixed cropping; Plant
density; Flight; Spread; Seasonal fluctuations; Meteorological
factors; Microclimate
200 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Influence of wind speed on residence time of Uroleucon
ambrosiae Alatae (Homoptera: Aphididae) on bean plants in bean
monocultures and bean-maize mixtures.
Bottenberg, H.; Irwin, M.E.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Oct.
Environmental entomology v. 20 (5): p. 1375-1380; 1991 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Costa Rica; Phaseolus vulgaris; Zea mays;
Uroleucon ambrosiae; Monoculture; Mixed cropping; Spread; Wind
speed
Abstract: The departure of winged aphids from a plant by
flying or walking to neighboring plants may, in theory, be
affected by wind speed or the density of leaf bridges between
plants. This study explored the effects of these two factors
on the departure rate of winged Uroleucon ambrosiae (Thomas)
from bean plants, Phaseolus vulgaris L., in monocultures and
in mixtures with maize, Zea mays L., in Costa Rica. Residence
half-time, herein defined as the length of time required for
half the winged aphids placed on a plant to depart, was
shorter in mixed crops than in bean monocultures and was
negatively correlated with wind speed at bean canopy level.
Residence half-time had no detectable correlation with the
number of interplant leaf bridges. Departure by flight, based
on these findings, may have been more common than walking from
plant to plant via leaf bridges. Maize in mixed crops formed
barriers that reduced wind speed at bean canopy level, leading
U. ambrosiae alatae to depart more readily from bean plants in
bean-maize mixtures than in bean monocultures.
201 NAL Call. No.: QK900.J67
Influences of neighbouring plants on seedling establishment in
limestone grassland.
Ryser, P.
Uppsala, Sweden : Opulus Press; 1993 Feb.
Journal of vegetation science v. 4 (2): p. 195-202; 1993 Feb.
In the series analytic: Mechanisms and processes in vegetation
dynamics / edited by A.D.Q. Agnew, S.L. Collins, and E. van
der Maarel. Presented at the 34th IAVS Symposium on
"Mechanisms in vegetation dynamics", August 26-30, 1991, Eger,
Hungary. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Switzerland; Grasslands; Limestone soils; Plant
competition; Species diversity; Seedling emergence; Botanical
composition; Companion crops; Crop establishment; Seed size
202 NAL Call. No.: SB197.A1T7
Inoculation of Vigna parkeri with mycorrhizal fungi in an acid
Florida spodosol.
O'Donnell, J.J.; Sylvia, D.M.; Pitman, W.D.; Rechcigl, J.E.
St Lucia : Tropical Grassland Society of Australia; 1992 Jun.
Tropical grasslands v. 26 (2): p. 120-129; 1992 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Vigna parkeri; Inoculation methods;
Mycorrhizal fungi; Spodosols; Vesicular arbuscular
mycorrhizas; Colonizing ability; Glomus etunicatum; Stand
establishment; Crop mixtures; Paspalum notatum; Fodder legumes
203 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.S86S8
Insect numbers and pest damage in intercrops vs. monocrops:
concepts and evidence from a system of faba bean, oats and
Rhopalosiphum padi (Homoptera, Aphididae).
Helenius, J.
Binghamton, N.Y. : Food Products Press; 1991.
Journal of sustainable agriculture v. 1 (3): p. 57-80; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Finland; Avena sativa; Vicia faba; Rhopalosiphum
padi; Insect pests; Population dynamics; Monoculture;
Intercropping; Comparisons; Crop damage; Models; Population
density; Interspecific competition; Host parasite
relationships
204 NAL Call. No.: S481.R4
Insect pests of taro (Colocasia esculenta) and their
biological controls in American Samoa.
Vargo, A.M.
Honolulu, Hawaii : The Service; 1991 Dec.
Research extension series - College of Tropical Agriculture
and Human Resources, University of Hawaii, Cooperative
Extension Service (134): p. 161-164; 1991 Dec. Proceedings of
the 1989 ADAP Crop Protection Conference, held May 18-19,
1989, Honolulu, Hawaii. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: American samoa; Colocasia esculenta; Insect
pests; Biological control; Parasites of insect pests;
Evaluation; Intercropping
205 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Integration of cereal cover crops in ridge-tillage corn (Zea
mays) production. Eadie, A.G.; Swanton, C.J.; Shaw, J.E.;
Anderson, G.W.
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1992 Jul.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of
America v. 6 (3): p. 553-560; 1992 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ontario; Zea mays; Cultivars; Minimum tillage;
Ridging; Cereals; Cover crops; Crop residues; Intercropping;
Biomass production; Weed control; Crop establishment; Plant
density; Crop yield
206 NAL Call. No.: 60.19 B773
Interations between pesticide treatment, cutting frequency and
rate of N fertilizer on white clover grown in mixture with
perennial ryegrass. Lewis, G.C.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991 Dec.
Grass and forage science : the journal of the British
Grassland Society v. 46 (4): p. 399-403; 1991 Dec. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mixed pastures; Trifolium repens; Lolium perenne;
Nitrogen fertilizers; Pesticide mixtures; Methiocarb;
Carbosulfan; Propiconazole; Tridemorph; Chemical control; Pest
control; Plant disease control; Cutting frequency;
Interactions
207 NAL Call. No.: 10 EX72
Intercropping and diversity: an economic analysis of cropping
patterns on smallholder farms in Malawi.
Shaxson, L.; Tauer, L.W.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1992 Apr.
Experimental agriculture v. 28 (2): p. 211-228; 1992 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Malawi; Small farms; Cropping systems; Diversity;
Economic analysis; Farm size; Labor; Supply; Mathematical
models
208 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
Intercropping as a component in insect pest management for
grain cowpea, Vigna unguiculata Walp production in Nigeria.
Alghali, A.M.
Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1993 Feb.
Insect science and its application v. 14 (1): p. 49-54; 1993
Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nigeria; Cabt; Sorghum; Vigna unguiculata;
Cultivars; Pods; Boring insects; Thrips; Cultural control;
Insect control; Insecticides; Intercropping; Sole cropping;
Yield losses
Abstract: A series of experiments involving plots of sole
cowpea and sorghum/cowpea intercrops were carried out, on-
farm, in Minjibirr village, northern Nigeria between 1986 and
1988. The objectives were to: (1) elucidate the relationships
between sorghum/cowpea intercropping, insect pest numbers and
grain yield reductions in cowpea. (2) examine the role of
sorghum/cowpea intercropping alone or together with reduced
insecticide usage in the management of cowpea insect pests.
Different cowpea varieties were grown under both cropping
systems in sprayed and unsprayed plots. The insecticides used
were Sherpa Plus and/or Cymbush Super ED. Intercropping
reduced the numbers of flower thrips and pod sucking bugs, but
made no difference to the numbers of pod borers. Unprotected
sole crop and intercropped cowpea had yields reduced by 55 and
48% respectively, compared to sprayed subplots. The best
results were obtained with three insecticidal sprays, which
increased grain yields 4.5-fold. Intercropping with two sprays
produced lower, but comparable yields. Thus, it is suggested
that intercropping can be used with reduced insecticide levels
for the effective management of cowpea insect pests.
209 NAL Call. No.: 10 EX72
Intercropping Ethiopian Trifolium species with wheat.
Kahurananga, J.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1991 Oct.
Experimental agriculture v. 27 (4): p. 385-390; 1991 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ethiopia; Trifolium; Intercropping; Diammonium
phosphate; Triple superphosphate; Urea fertilizers;
Application rates; Planting date; Row spacing; Sowing methods;
Triticum; Species; Trials; Crop yield; Species differences;
Highlands
210 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883
Intercropping of maize and winged bean.
Hikam, S.; Poneleit, C.G.; MacKown, C.T.; Hildebrand, D.F.
Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America; 1992 Jan.
Crop science v. 32 (1): p. 195-198; 1992 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kentucky; Zea mays; Psophocarpus tetragonolobus;
Intercropping; Crop yield; Crop quality; Maize silage; Crop
density; Grain; Maturation period; Nitrogen content; Biomass
production; Comparisons; Monoculture; Dry matter accumulation
Abstract: Maize (Zea mays L.) and winged bean [Psophocarpus
tetragonolobus (L.) DC.] have complementary growth habits,
biomass production, and protein concentrations. We evaluated
yield and protein complementation between maize and winged
bean to determine if intercropping can improve the quantity
and quality of maize silage. An early and a late-maturity corn
hybrid were intercropped with Tpt1' winged bean at plant
densities of 35,900 and 46,500 plants per ha in 1984 and
47,500 plants per ha in 1985 near Lexington, KY. In 1984,
increased plant density resulted in increased maize
vegetation, grain, vegetation N, and grain N yields per
hectare (16, 21, 19, and 28%, respectively), while
intercropping reduced maize grain yield and grain N yield per
hectare by 8% each and reduced winged bean vegetation N
concentration by 11% and yield per hectare by 40%.
Intercropping winged bean with early maize produced 14% more
biomass and 39% more N per hectare than did the reference
early maize monoculture at post maize physiological maturity.
In 1985, intercropping reduced maize vegetation, grain, and
grain N yields per hectare (7, 14, and 14%, respectively), and
reduced winged bean vegetation yield, N concentration, and N
yield per hectare (58, 7, and 61%, respectively).
Intercropping with early maize produced 18% more biomass and
67% more N per hectare, whereas intercropping with late maize
produced 11% more biomass and 46% more N per hectare than did
the respective monoculture maize. Land equivalency ratios for
both dry matter and N yields per area were greater than unity
for each plant density and intercropping system. Intercropping
of maize with winged bean may provide greater biomass and
improved protein content of silage in a temperate climate.
211 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 C162
Intercropping red clover with silage corn for soil erosion
control. Wall, G.J.; Pringle, E.A.; Sheard, R.W.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1991 May.
Canadian journal of soil science v. 71 (2): p. 137-145; 1991
May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ontario; Trifolium pratense; Zea mays; Continuous
cropping; Intercropping; Erosion control; Crop yield; Loam
soils; Runoff; Losses from soil systems; Rain; Temporal
variation; Soil stabilization; Crop residues; Biomass;
Nitrogen fertilizers; Fertilizer requirement determination;
Monoculture
212 NAL Call. No.: SB327.A1B5
Intercropping rye-grass (Lollium multiflorum) on beans: an
alternative production system for small farmers in Sonora,
Mexico.
Ortega M, P.F.; Campo, J.M.C.
Fort Collins, Colo : Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State
University; 1993. Annual report of the Bean Improvement
Cooperative v. 36: p. 113; 1993. In the series analytic:
Annual report of the bean improvement cooperative. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mexico; Lolium multiflorum; Phaseolus vulgaris;
Intercropping; Crop yield; Cropping systems
213 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Intercropping sorghum and pinto bean in a cool semiarid
region. Carr, P.M.; Schatz, B.G.; Gardner, J.C.; Zwinger, S.F.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Sep.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 84 (5): p.
810-812; 1992 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Dakota; Sorghum bicolor; Grain crops;
Intercropping; Phaseolus vulgaris; Feed grains; Ratios; Crop
yield; Protein; Yields; Stover; Bean straw
Abstract: Intercropping corn (Zea mays L.) with soybean
[Glycine max (L.) Merr.] has been found to yield a greater
harvest of total grain protein than a sole crop of corn in
northern temperate regions. Similarly, it may be possible to
increase the total grain protein yield in regions of lower
precipitation with an intercrop of grain sorghum [Sorghum
bicolor (L.) Moench] and a pulse crop. Our objective was to
determine if sorghum could successfully be intercropped with
dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to produce a grain for feed.
A field experiment was conducted during 1989 and 1990 near
Carrington, ND (45 degrees 30' N, 99 degrees 7' W. Sorghum was
established at 16 plants m-2 as a sole crop and intercropped
in the same row with pinto bean at three different sorghum to
bean plant ratios: 8:1, 4:1, and 2:1. Grain yield of sorghum
was not reduced by intercropping at the low (8:1) and moderate
(4:1) bean plant densities, but yield was reduced (P < 0.05)
at a sorghum:pinto bean plant ratio of 2:1. Yield of pinto
bean ranged from 0.22 to 0.70 Mg ha-1, depending on population
and annual growing conditions. Grain protein yield tended to
increase as bean comprised more of the total plant population,
although a significant difference between treatments was not
detected. While this investigation demonstrates that sorghum
can be successfully intercropped with dry bean, other sorghum-
pulse intercrops might be more advantageous in increasing the
total yield of grain protein.
214 NAL Call. No.: 99.8 F7623
Intercropping valuable hardwood tree species and agricultural
crops in southern Ontario.
Gordon, A.M.; Williams, P.A.
Ottawa : Canadian Institute of Forestry; 1991 Jun.
The Forestry chronicle v. 67 (3): p. 200-208; 1991 Jun. Paper
presented at the First Conference on Agroforestry in North
America, August 1989, Guelph, Ontario. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ontario; Forest trees; Hardwoods; Cash crops;
Intercropping; Agroforestry systems; Growth; Crop production;
Establishment; Row spacing; Site factors
Abstract: Intercropping of hardwood trees with cash crops is
an alternative to conventional agriculture and forestry
practices that gives flexibility in goals and a potential for
gradual changes in land use. Six intercropped plantings have
been established in southern Ontario to investigate aspects of
tree growth, crop production, and site relationships. This
paper reports preliminary results from this research.
Important considerations during establishment of an
intercropped plantation include: equipment size, cropping
methods, competition control and wildlife concerns. Plantings
and spraying equipment have primary influence over plantation
layout; and mice, groundhogs and deer can cause serious
problems in some situations.
215 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1I66
Intercrops that encourage beneficial insects in cotton.
Berkeley, Calif. : Bio-Integral Resource Center; 1993 Mar.
The IPM practitioner v. 15 (3): p. 5; 1993 Mar.
Language: English
Descriptors: China; Gossypium hirsutum; Intercropping;
Beneficial insects; Sorghum; Brassica campestris var.
oleifera; Deltamethrin; Biological control agents; Aphidoidea;
Helicoverpa armigera
216 NAL Call. No.: SB317.5.H68
Interplanted barley and rye in carrots and onions.
Zandstra, B.H.; Warncke, D.D.
Alexandria, VA : American Society for Horticultural Science,
c1991-; 1993 Apr. HortTechnology v. 3 (2): p. 214-218; 1993
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Allium cepa; Daucus carota; Interplanting; Live
mulches; Cover crops; Companion crops; Hordeum vulgare; Secale
cereale; Plant competition; Crop yield; Sowing rates; Crop
growth stage; Fluazifop; Timing; Plant height; Application
date
217 NAL Call. No.: SB925.B5
Interplanting alfalfa as a source of metaseiulus occidentalis
(Acari: Phytoseiidae) for managing spider mites in cotton.
Corbett, A.; Leigh, T.F.; Wilson, L.T.
Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1991 Oct.
Biological control v. 1 (3): p. 188-196; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Gossypium hirsutum; Tetranychidae;
Predators of insect pests; Metaseiulus occidentalis; Medicago
sativa; Interplanting; Habitat selection
218 NAL Call. No.: 79.9 C122
Interplanting cereals and grasses during the last year of an
alfalfa stand. Bendixen, W.E.; Lanini, T.
Fremont, Calif. : California Weed Conference; 1993.
Proceedings / (45th): p. 93-101; 1993. Paper presented at the
Conference on "Weeds and People, Putting Weed Management in
Perspective," January 18-20, 1993, Costa Mesa, California.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Cabt; Medicago sativa; Interplanting;
Cereals; Grasses; Cultural weed control; Crop weed
competition; Competitive ability; Crop yield; Hay; Forage
219 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N7A4
Interplanting cover crops reduces herbicide usage, controls
erosion and fixes nitrogen.
Sumner, K.
Middletown, N.Y. : Cornell Cooperative Ext.--Orange County
Agriculture Program, Education Center; 1991 Oct.
Agfocus : publication of Cornell Cooperative Extension--Orange
County. p. 9; 1991 Oct.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cover crops; Erosion control; Nitrogen fixation;
Herbicides
220 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Interplanting early- and late-maturing soybean cultivars in
alternating strips.
Burton, J.W.; Fountain, M.O.; Meng, X.; Carter, T.E. Jr
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jan.
Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (1): p. 100-103; 1992
Jan. Paper presented at a symposium on "Ecology and
Management of Grazing Systems" presented at the annual meeting
of the American Association for the Advancement of Science,
January 14-19, 1991, San Francisco, California. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Glycine max; Cultivars;
Interplanting; Monoculture; Comparisons; Crop yield;
Maturation
221 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Interseeded forage legume potential as winter ground cover,
nitrogen source, and competitor.
Exner, D.N.; Cruse, R.M.
Madison, WI : American Society of Agronomy, c1987-; 1993 Apr.
Journal of production agriculture v. 6 (2): p. 226-231; 1993
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Medicago sativa; Melilotus officinalis;
Trifolium pratense; Trifolium hybridum; Interplanting; Forage;
Ground cover; Crop weed competition; Plant competition;
Rowcrops; Rain; Seasonal variation; Soil water; Crop yield;
Crop density; Sowing date; Crop establishment; Seed mixtures;
Row orientation; Light intensity; Eptc; Weeds; Weeding
222 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 IO9PA
Interseeding and no-till pasture renovation.
Barnhart, S.K.
Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University, Cooperative Extension
Service; 1991 Mar. PM v.): 4 p.; 1991 Mar.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Cabt; Pastures; Farm management; No-
tillage; Interplanting; Direct sowing; Pasture plants
223 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N7A4
Interseeding cover crops: does it have potential for Orange
County?. Middletown, N.Y. : Cornell Cooperative Ext.--Orange
County Agriculture Program, Education Center; 1993 Aug.
Agfocus : publication of Cornell Cooperative Extension--Orange
County. p. 9; 1993 Aug.
Language: English
Descriptors: New York; Zea mays; Cover crops; Crop
establishment; Interplanting
224 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Interspecific N-transfer and plant development in a
mycorrhizal field-grown mixture.
Hamel, C.; Smith, D.L.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Soil biology and biochemistry v. 23 (7): p. 661-665; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Quebec; Glycine max; Zea mays; Crop mixtures;
Glomus intraradices; Phosphorus fertilizers; Phosphates;
Nitrogen; Nutrient uptake; Nutrient content; Growth
Abstract: In the field, a mycorrhizal mixture of corn and
soybean was compared to non-mycorrhizal and to P-compensated
plant mixtures: The extent of N-transfer from soybean to corn
was assessed. Plant development and the competitive
relationship between the components of the mixtures were also
examined. After having labelled selected soybean plants with
isotopic NH4NO3 by feeding roots induced on their stems, a
greater amount of 15N-transfer to corn was measured in
mycorrhiza inoculated plots than in control plots. The growth
of both corn and soybean plants was greatly enhanced when
inoculated with Glomus intraradix, and the effect of the
fungus could not be replicated by fertilization. Inoculation
and P fertilization had similar effects on P, K and Mg uptake
by plants, but their effects differed regarding Ca absorption.
Inoculation with the mycorrhizal fungus favoured the grass
component of the mixture over the legume. Even if more N
appeared to be transferred from soybean to corn when plants
were mycorrhizal, the nutrient status of the plants suggests
that the growth increase can be attributed mainly to a better
P uptake by mycorrhizal plants, and that the significance of
interspecific mycorrhizae-mediated N-transfer may be limited.
225 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T
Irrigation management for double-cropped fresh-maket tomatoes
on a high-water-table soil.
Camp, C.R.; Robbins, M.L.; Karlen, D.L.; Sojka, R.E.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1991 Nov. Transactions of the ASAE v. 34 (6): p.
2445-2452; 1991 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lycopersicon esculentum; High water tables;
Irrigation; Cultivars; Double cropping; Plastic film; Water
management
Abstract: Two tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill.)
experiments were conducted for two years on a southeastern
Coastal Plain soil that has a high, fluctuating water table.
In one experiment, two methods for managing microirrigation
were compared to a treatment that received only rainfall by
measuring marketable fruit yields for spring and fall cropping
seasons. Irrigation increased yields for both seasons in the
second year because of low rainfall. Measurements among seven
shallow wells on the site showed no consistent differences for
either water table depth or gradient between adjacent wells.
Two cultivars were evaluated in the second year, primarily
because frost severely damaged the tomato plants about three
weeks after transplanting. In the second experiment, two
excessively irrigated treatments were evaluated in an effort
to induce a "soft-fruit" storage and shipping problem
experienced by many growers in this region. Although extremely
large quantities of irrigation water were applied, these
symptoms were not observed in this study. There were no
differences in fruit yield between the two water management
treatments in either spring or fall. Fruit quality
measurements showed no significant differences. The 'Sunny'
cultivar performed better than 'Walter' during the fall season
for the extremely wet soil condition. A double-crop,
microirrigation management system has higher input costs but
provides increased profitability for fresh-market tomato
production, particularly where markets are available for both
spring and fall crops.
226 NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3
Irrigation scheduling of rice with a crop growth simulation
model. Rao, N.H.; Rees, D.H.
Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1992.
Agricultural systems v. 39 (2): p. 115-132; 1992. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sri lanka; Oryza sativa; Irrigation scheduling;
Growth models; Simulation models; Crop production; Rain;
Utilization; Water conservation; Water supply; Seasonal
variation; Soil water balance; Crop yield; Validity; Double
cropping; Wet season; Dry season
227 NAL Call. No.: TC801.I66
Irrigation water management for crop diversification:
Application of the WACCROD model.
McCornick, P.G.; Oad, R.N.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991 Aug.
Irrigation and drainage systems : an international journal v.
5 (3): p. 277-291; 1991 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Indonesia; Irrigation systems; Irrigation water;
Water management; Crop production; Oryza sativa; Crops;
Diversification; Crop mixtures; Water requirements; Simulation
models; Water supply; Water distribution; Case studies
228 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Is nitrogen transferred between field crops? Examining the
question through a sweet-blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius
L.)-oats (Avena sativa) intercrop. Danso, S.K.A.; Palmason,
F.; Hardarson, G.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1993 Aug.
Soil biology & biochemistry v. 25 (8): p. 1135-1137; 1993 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lupinus angustifolius; Avena sativa;
Intercropping; Nitrogen; Transfer; Nitrogen fixation
229 NAL Call. No.: SB453.6.F74 1991
Jackie French's guide to companion planting in Australia and
New Zealand.. Guide to companion planting in Australia and New
Zealand
French, Jackie
Melbourne [Australia] : Aird Books,; 1991.
v, 125 p. : ill. ; 18 cm. Includes index.
Language: English
Descriptors: Companion planting
230 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Land-use changes affecting classification of a Costa Rican
soil. Wielemaker, W.G.; Lansu, A.L.E.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Nov.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (6): p.
1621-1624; 1991 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Costa Rica; Inceptisols; Ultisols; Tropical
zones; Chronosequences; Zea mays; Musa; Manihot esculenta;
Phaseolus lunatus; Theobroma cacao; Forests; Pastures;
Agricultural land; Land use; Deforestation; Soil
classification; Variation; Soil morphology; Argilluviation;
Clay; Cutans; Argillic horizons; Soil structure; Soil
compaction; Biological activity in soil; Soil fauna; Climatic
factors; Soil temperature; Evaporation; Soil water regimes;
Wetting; Clay translocation; Kaolinite; Physicochemical
properties; Mixed cropping
Abstract: Effects of deforestation and ensuing land use were
studied on an Andic Humitropept developed from fluvio-laharic
deposits in the perhumid climatic zone of Costa Rica. Drastic
changes in soil climate and land use after deforestation
caused compaction and clay mobilization, particularly in the
profiles under maize (Zea mays L.) and pasture. The latter
process resulted in a change of classification at the order
level from Inceptisol to Ultisol.
231 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Liming double-cropped ryegrass and sorghum.
Morris, D.R.; Joost, R.E.; Corkern, D.L.; Mason, L.F.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1992 Jan.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 56 (1): p. 155-160;
1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Lolium multiflorum; Sorghum bicolor;
Cultivars; Double cropping; Liming; Magnesian limestone;
Coastal plain soils; Fragiudalfs; Application rates;
Application date; Soil ph; Nutrient availability; Calcium;
Magnesium; Potassium; Phosphorus; Aluminum; Manganese; Soil
depth; Crop yield; Soil acidity; Long term experiments
Abstract: The grower must apply lime to maintain crop yields
when double-cropping forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)
Moench] in summer and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorun Lam.) in
winter on Coastal Plain soils of the U.S. Southeast The
purpose of this research was to determine the frequency and
rate of liming needed for optimal growth of these crops and to
identity soil properties having greatest effect on yield. The
experiment was conducted on a Tangi sift loam (fine-silty,
siliceous, thermic Typic Fragiudult) during a 12-y period.
Dolomitic lime treatments were: 0 lime, 2.2 and 4.4 Mg time
ha-1 applied every 2yr, and 2.2 and 4.4 Mg lime ha-1 applied
every 4 yr. Soil samples were taken annually and analyzed for
pH, exchangeable Al, Ca, Mg, and K, and extractable P. Surface
soil pH was maintained at 5.8 and 6.0 when lime was applied at
2.2 and 4.4 Mg ha-1 every 2 yr. Soil pH declined when time was
applied every 4 yr. In unlimed soil, the pH declined from 5.6
to 4.7 during the 12 yr. Significant differences in forage
yields between unlimed and limed treatments did not occur
until the sixth year (for sorghum) and the 11th year (for
ryegrass). Reduced yields of ryegrass first occurred when soil
pH decreased to 4.8 +/- 0.11; for sorghum, yields declined at
pH 5.2 +/- 0.078. Crop yields of limed treatments were not
affected by liming frequency. It may take longer than 12 yr
for soil property differences among lime treatments to be
large enough to alter plant yields. Ryegrass yield was not
correlated with any surface soil parameters; Sorghum yield was
positively correlated with surface soil extractable Ca.
Exchangeable Al tended to decline and extractable Ca and Mg
tended to increase with lime applications. Neither extractable
P nor K was significantly altered by lime treatment. In a
double-cropped system of ryegrass and sorghum, liming would be
of more benefit to sorghum.
232 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Limpograss sod management and aeschynomene seed reserve
effects on legume reestablishment.
Chaparro, C.J.; Sollenberger, L.E.; Jones, C.S. Jr
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Mar.
Agronomy journal v. 84 (2): p. 195-200; 1992 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Aeschynomene Americana; Seed banks;
Oversowing; Hemarthria altissima; Stand establishment; No-
tillage; Discing; Spring; Summer; Grazing effects; Timing;
Botanical composition; Forage; Grassland improvement; Sward
renovation; Environmental factors
Abstract: Aeschynomene (Aeschynomene americana L.) is a warm-
season, annual legume that is well adapted to wet habitats.
Stands must regenerate from seed each year, so size of seed
reserve and management of the associated grass in winter and
spring are important. In 1988 and 1989, effects of
aeschynomene soil-seed reserve (simulated by broadcasting
known quantities of seed in the pod) and winter-spring
management of a limpograss [Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf
and Hubb.] sod on legume reestablishment were evaluated on
Smyrna (sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic Aeric Haplaquods) and
Pomona (sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic Ultic Haplaquods)
sands. All combinations of three tillage procedures (no
disking, disking in spring, or disking in early summer) and
two grazing treatments (grass grazed to a 10-cm stubble or not
grazed) were allocated as main plots in a split-plot
arrangement. Subplots were four quantities of seed applied the
previous December (20, 60, 180, and 540 kg ha-1). Dry weather
in late spring and early summer 1988 reduced grass competition
to legume seedlings that had established in April, and grazing
had no effect on percentage legume (PCL) in harvested forage.
Within each disking treatment, PCL increased linearly with
size of seed reserve, but summer disking reduced legume
contribution relative to spring and no disking. With near
optimal rainfall in 1989, PCL for the grazed swards was three
to six times greater than for ungrazed swards. For all disk
treatments, PCL increased linearly with size of seed reserve,
but spring disking was superior to no disking and summer
disking. Results suggest that aeschynomene reestablishment in
limpograss is favored by spring disking and grazing limpograss
until legume seedlings are 5 to 8 cm tall. Using this
management in 1988 and 1989, seed reserves of 25 to 135 kg
ha-1 were needed for successful aeschynomene reestablishment.
233 NAL Call. No.: 60.19 B773
The long-term effects of a range of pasture treatments applied
to three semi-natural hill grassland communities. 1. Pasture
production and botanical composition.
Common, T.G.; Hunter, E.A.; Floate, M.J.S.; Eadie, J.;
Hodgson, J. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991
Sep.
Grass and forage science : the journal of the British
Grassland Society v. 46 (3): p. 239-251; 1991 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pastures; Controlled grazing; Molinia; Nardus;
Agrostis; Festuca; Natural grasslands; Plant communities;
Botanical composition; Phosphorus fertilizers; Lime;
Oversowing; Trifolium repens; Lolium perenne; Grazing effects;
Biomass production
234 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 J822
Management effects of crops and crop strip widths on crop
yield and conservation of soil and moisture on a limited-
resource farm. Bishnoi, U.R.; Ide, H.B.; Mays, D.A.
Ankeny, Iowa : Soil and Water Conservation Society of America;
1991 Mar. Journal of soil and water conservation v. 46 (2): p.
147-150; 1991 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cropping systems; Erosion; Crop yield; Runoff;
Water conservation; Canopy
235 NAL Call. No.: SD143.S64
Management of a denuded landscape by Yayasan Tananua, a farmer
run cooperative, in NTT, Indonesia.
Rourke, M.K.
Bethesda, Md. : The Society; 1991.
Proceedings of the ... Society of American Foresters National
Convention. p. 601-602; 1991. Meeting held Aug 4-7, 1991, San
Francisco, California.
Language: English
Descriptors: Indonesia; Afforestation; Deforestation; Erosion;
Cooperatives; Wood products; Supply balance; Intercropping;
Terracing
236 NAL Call. No.: S542.A8A34
Management of bacterial wilt of groundnut using genetic
resistance and cultural practices.
Mehan, V.K.; Nigam, S.N.; McDonald, D.
Canberra, A.C.T. : Australian Centre for International
Agricultural Research, 1985-; 1993.
ACIAR proceedings (45): p. 211-218; 1993. In the series
analytic: Bacterial wilt / edited by G.L. Hartman and A.C.
Hayward. Meeting held on October 28-31, 1992, Kaohsiung,
Taiwan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Indonesia; Cabt; China; Cabt; Arachis hypogaea;
Pseudomonas solanacearum; Wilts; Plant disease control;
Rotations; Genetic resistance; Disease resistance; Cultivars;
Intercropping
237 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Management of spring-planted pea and triticale mixtures for
forage production. Hall, M.H.; Kephart, K.D.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Apr.
Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (2): p. 213-218; 1991
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Idaho; Pisum sativum; Triticale; Cultivars; Crop
management; Maturity groups; Crop mixtures; Harvesting date;
Forage; Biomass production; Crop growth stage; Crop yield; Dry
matter; Crude protein; Nutrient content; Fiber content; Total
digestible nutrients; Monoculture; Mixed cropping; Returns;
Costs
238 NAL Call. No.: SB218.J67
Management options for sugarbeet stand establisment.
Miller, S.D.; Fornstrom, K.J.; Held, L.J.; Burgener, P.A.
Denver, Colo. : American Society of Sugar Beet Technologists;
1992 Jan. Journal of sugar beet research v. 29 (1/2): p. 9-21;
1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wyoming; Beta vulgaris; Stand establishment;
Oversowing; Thinning; Weed control; Chemical control;
Herbicides; Application methods; Costs; Hoeing; Cost benefit
analysis; Returns; Crop yield; Sucrose; Economic thresholds
239 NAL Call. No.: 1.9 P69P
Managing angular leaf spot on common bean in Africa by
supplementing farmer mixtures with resistant varieties.
Pyndji, M.M.; Trutmann, P.
St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society; 1992
Nov. Plant disease v. 76 (1): p. 1144-1147; 1992 Nov.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zaire; Phaseolus vulgaris; Lines; Phaeoisariopsis
griseola; Leaf spotting; Plant disease control; Crop mixtures;
Varietal resistance; Line differences; Disease prevalence;
Virulence; Seed mixtures; Diversity; Genetic variation
240 NAL Call. No.: 26 T754
Manifestation of genetic diversity for physiological traits in
soybean under two cropping systems.
Sharma, S.K.; Mehta, H.
London : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Jul.
Tropical agriculture v. 68 (3): p. 202-206; 1991 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Himachal pradesh; Glycine max; Cultivars; Genetic
differences; Plant physiology; Intercropping; Monoculture; Zea
mays
241 NAL Call. No.: QR89.7.A34 1990
Measuring inputs from nitrogen fixation in multiple cropping
systems. Giller, K.E.
Chichester : Wiley; 1992.
Biological nitrogen fixation and sustainability of tropical
agriculture : proc of the 4th International Conf of the
African Assoc for Biological Nitrogen Fixation, held at the
Int Inst of Trop Agric, Nigeria, 24-28 Sept 1990. p. 297-308;
1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Multiple cropping; Nitrogen fixation; Measurement
242 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Mechanisms for overyielding in a sunflower/mustard intercrop.
Putnam, D.H.; Allan, D.L.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Mar.
Agronomy journal v. 84 (2): p. 188-195; 1992 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Minnesota; Helianthus annuus; Brassica hirta;
Intercropping; Mixed cropping; Comparisons; Sole cropping;
Monoculture; Crop yield; Yield increases; Plant competition;
Nitrogen; Nitrogen fertilizers; Soil water content; Water use
Abstract: Two intercrop patterns and sole crops of mustard
(Brassica hirta Moench) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
were planted in 1988 and 1989 on a Waukegan silt loam soil
(fine-silty over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, mesic Typic
Hapludoll) at Rosemount, MN, to examine mechanisms for over-
yielding [Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) > 1.0] in this intercrop
system. We hypothesized that reduced competition between
species for N and water were the mechanisms for previously
observed yield benefits in both crops. Secondary objectives
were to examine the importance of intercrop structure and N
fertilizers on resource use and yield advantage. A strip
intercrop pattern where 2.28-m strips of sunflower (76-cm
rows) alternated with 2.28-m strips of mustard (15-cm rows)
was compared with a more intimate row intercrop pattern of 76-
cm sunflower rows interplanted with four 15-cm rows of
mustard. Nitrogen was applied at planting at 0 or 112 kg N
ha-1 to whole plots, with planting patterns allocated to
subplots in a split-plot design. Soil water content, nitrate
N, and total N were measured at different locations and depths
in the intercrop and sole crop patterns during the growing
season. Mustard rows adjacent to sunflower in the strip
intercrop yielded an average of 61% more than sole crop rows.
Sunflower rows adjacent to mustard in the strip intercrop
yielded an average of 40% more than sole crop rows. Yields of
both sunflower and mustard were lower in the row intercrop
compared with respective sole crops. Land equivalent ratios
ranged from 0.96 to 1.43 in the strip intercrop and were
generally below 1.0 in the row intercrop. Application of N did
not consistently affect LER. Soil depletion patterns indicated
that border rows of mustard obtained both soil water and N
from the strips planted to sunflower at a time when demand for
these resources by sunflower was low. Sunflower border rows
obtained water and N from mustard strips later in the season.
These data implicate complementary use of water and N as
important mechanisms for the positive land equivalent ratio
observed in this strip intercrop.
243 NAL Call. No.: 464.8 P56
Mechanisms of alteration in bean rust epidemiology due to
intercropping with maize.
Boudreau, M.A.; Mundt, C.C.
St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society; 1992
Oct. Phytopathology v. 82 (10): p. 1051-1060; 1992 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Phaseolus vulgaris; Uromyces appendiculatus; Rust
diseases; Pathogenicity; Plant disease control; Cultural
control; Intercropping; Zea mays; Seasonal variation; Spore
dispersal; Plant competition; Interactions; Epidemiology
Abstract: We performed experiments to identify how maize
influences bean rust (caused by Uromyces appendiculatus) in
maize-bean intercrops. The effects of competition with maize
and interference by maize on dispersal of rust urediniospores
were evaluated in trials conducted three times during 1989 and
1990. Alterations in the nondispersal (infection) phase of the
pathogen life cycle due to intercropping and competition with
maize also were assessed. Overall effects of maize on rust
severity were evaluated in another experiment. Competition
consistently steepened dispersal gradients (P < 0.10) in
trials conducted more than 50 days after planting alone or in
combination with interference (intercrop). Interference had no
clear effect on dispersal gradients. Estimated total spore
deposition per plot was increased (second trial) and decreased
(third trial) by competition in both years (P < 0.05).
Intercropping only affected infection once, in late 1989, when
rust severity was reduced by 96% (P < 0.05). Overall disease
was reduced by intercropping at two plot locations in both
years (P = 0.07), but not at a third location. Bean leaf area
declined because of competition in 1989 but not in 1990. Steep
gradients may be due to increased spore escape, and
microclimatic changes created by maize are probably
responsible for the nondispersal effect.
244 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Microbial biomass and soil structure associated with corn,
grasses, and legumes.
Drury, C.F.; Stone, J.A.; Findlay, W.I.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 May.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (3): p. 805-811;
1991 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ontario; Dactylis glomerata; Glycine max;
Medicago sativa; Phalaris arundinacea; Trifolium pratense; Zea
mays; Biomass production; Clay loam soils; Interactions;
Intercropping; Soil biology; Soil fungi; Soil physical
properties; Soil structure
Abstract: Maintaining long-term soil productivity requires
development of cropping systems that provide maintenance or
improvement in soil structure an understanding of associated
rhizosphere microbial populations. The objectives of this
study were to determine the effects of several crops on soil
biomass C and biomass N contents, their within-season
variability, and the relationships between changes in soil
biomass C, biomass N, and soils structure on a Brookston clay
loam soil (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Argiaquoll). Soil
microbial biomass C, biomass N, and soil-structure parameters
(wet aggregate stability [WAS], organic carbon [OC], dry
aggregate mean weight diameter [MWD], bulk density, and total
and air-filled porosity) were measured during the third year
of corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max [L.], Merr.)
alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense
L.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), orchardgrass
(Dactylis glomerata L.), and no-crop (bare, covered, and
shaded) plots at monthly intervals (June, July, August, and
September). Reed canarygrass resulted in greater biomass-C
contents than both the corn and soybean at all four sampling
dates. Soil biomass C under alfalfa was significantly greater
than under corn and soybean for both the first and last
sampling dates. Forage species did not affect the soil
biomass-N content. No consistent effects of the no-crop
treatment on biomass C or biomass N were observed between
sampling dates. Biomass C was significantly correlated with
WAS, OC, and MWD for the cropping treatments. Wet aggregate
stability was negatively correlated with soil water content
for both the no-crop and cropping treatments, indicating that
improvements in structure were not solely the result of the
cropping treatments and associated rhizosphere populations.
Reed canarygrass resulted in greater soil biomass C/N than the
alfalfa, corn, and orchard grass plots, suggesting that fungal
activity, and therefore soil structure, may be preferentially
enhanced in the presence of reed canarygrass. This sutdy
demonstrated the influence of biomass and soil structural
properties.
245 NAL Call. No.: QH540.E27
Mixed crop systems in the Himalaya.
Shah, S.G.; Friend, J.A.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company; 1992.
Ecosystems of the world v. 18: p. 291-310; 1992. In the
series analytic: Field crop ecosystems / edited by C.J.
Pearson. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nepal; Field crops; Vegetables; Crop production;
Grain crops; Cropping systems; Highlands; Mountain areas;
Literature reviews
246 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.B5
Mixed cropping of cereals to suppress plant diseases and omit
pesticide applications.
Vilich-Meller, V.
Oxon : A B Academic Publishers; 1992.
Biological agriculture and horticulture : an international
journal v. 8 (4): p. 299-308; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Winter wheat; Secale cereale;
Hordeum vulgare; Avena sativa; Plant pathogenic fungi;
Erysiphe graminis; Puccinia recondita; Drechslera;
Rhynchosporium secalis; Mixed cropping; Plant disease control;
Pest management; Disease surveys; Crop damage; Leaves;
Assessment; Virulence; Disease prevalence; Fungicides; Crop
growth stage; Crop yield; Climatic factors; Seasonal
variation; Sustainability
247 NAL Call. No.: 10 EX72
Mixed planting of potato cultivars: growth, yield and
leafminer damage in the cool tropics.
Midmore, D.J.; Alcazar, J.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1991 Jul.
Experimental agriculture v. 27 (3): p. 305-318; 1991 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Peru; Solanum tuberosum; Cultivars; Crop damage;
Liriomyza huidobrensis; Population dynamics; Mixed cropping;
Yield components; Biomass production; Climatic factors; Crop
yield; Growth
248 NAL Call. No.: QH540.E27
Mixed root-crop systems in the Caribbean.
Wilson, L.A.; Rankine, L.B.; Ferguson, T.U.; Ahmad, N.;
Griffith, S.; Roberts-Nkrumah, L.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company; 1992.
Ecosystems of the world v. 18: p. 205-241; 1992. In the
series analytic: Field crop ecosystems / edited by C.J.
Pearson. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Caribbean; Root crops; Root vegetables; Crop
production; Mixed cropping; Literature reviews
249 NAL Call. No.: QH540.E27
Mixed root-crop systems in wet sub-Saharan Africa.
Juo, A.S.R.; Ezumah, H.C.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company; 1992.
Ecosystems of the world v. 18: p. 243-258; 1992. In the
series analytic: Field crop ecosystems / edited by C.J.
Pearson. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Africa south of sahara; Root crops; Root
vegetables; Crop production; Mixed cropping; Literature
reviews
250 NAL Call. No.: QK725.P532
Molecular evidence that chromosome breakage by Ds elements is
caused by aberrant transposition.
Weil, C.F.; Wessler, S.R.
Rockville, Md. : American Society of Plant Physiologists; 1993
May. The Plant cell v. 5 (5): p. 515-522; 1993 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Transposable elements; Genetic change;
Chromosome breakage; Alleles; Loci; Nucleotide sequences
Abstract: The transposable Dissociation (Ds) element of maize
was first discovered as a site of high-frequency chromosome
breakage. Because both Ds-mediated breakage and transposition
require the presence of the Activator (Ac) element, it has
been suggested that chromosome breakage may be the outcome of
an aberrant transposition event. This idea is consistent with
the finding that only complex structures containing multiple
Ds or Ac and Ds elements have been correlated with chromosome
breakage. In this report, we describe two chromosome-breaking
maize alleles that contain pairs of closely linked but
separate Ds elements inserted at the Waxy locus. A polymerase
chain reaction assay was utilized to isolate intermediates in
the breakage process. The DNA sequence of these intermediates
reveals deletions and base pair changes consistent with
transposon footprints that may represent the junctions between
fused sister chromatids. These results provide direct
molecular evidence that chromosome breakage is the result of
aberrant transposition events.
251 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Monthly variation of forage and soil minerals in central
Florida. I. Macro-minerals.
Espinoza, J.E.; McDowell, L.R.; Wilkinson, N.S.; Conrad, J.H.;
Martin, F.G. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 22
(11/12): p. 1123-1136; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Paspalum notatum; Forage; Soil; Nutrient
availability; Mineral content; Nutrient content;
Macronutrients; Crude protein; Protein content; Spodosols;
Soil types (genetic); Mixed pastures; In vitro digestibility;
Organic matter; Seasonal variation
252 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Monthly variation of forage and soil minerals in central
Florida. II. Trace minerals.
Espinoza, J.E.; McDowell, L.R.; Wilkinson, N.S.; Conrad, J.H.;
Martin, F.G. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 22
(11/12): p. 1137-1149; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Paspalum notatum; Forage; Soil; Nutrient
availability; Mineral content; Nutrient content; Trace
elements; Seasonal variation; Mineral deficiencies; Spodosols;
Soil types (genetic); Mixed pastures
253 NAL Call. No.: 100 M69MI
More not always better in beef forage production.
Mississippi State, Miss. : The Station; 1992 Feb.
MAFES research highlights - Mississippi Agricultural and
Forestry Experiment Station v. 55 (2): p. 3; 1992 Feb.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Beef cattle; Fodder crops;
Fertilizers; Oversowing; Grazing systems
254 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.B5
Mulching with grass and bark and intercropping with Medicago
litoralis against carrot fly (Psila rosae (F.)).
Ramert, B.
Oxon : A B Academic Publishers; 1993.
Biological agriculture and horticulture : an international
journal v. 9 (2): p. 125-135; 1993. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sweden; Daucus carota; Psila rosae; Cultural
control; Intercropping; Medicago littoralis; Mulching; Grass
clippings; Bark
255 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Mycorrhizae-mediated 15N transfer from soybean to corn in
field-grown intercrops: effect of component crop spatial
relationships.
Hamel, C.; Smith, D.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1992 May.
Soil biology and biochemistry v. 24 (5): p. 499-501; 1992 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glycine max; Zea mays; Glomus versiforme;
Mycorrhizas; Soil inoculation; Plant nutrition; Nitrogen;
Transfer; Intercropping; Continuous cropping; Crop density;
Calcium phosphate; Plant analysis; Nutrient content; Crop
yield; Roots; Length; Colonization; Spatial variation
256 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883
Mycorrhizal effects on interspecific plant competition and
nitrogen transfer in legume-grass mixtures.
Hamel, C.; Furlan, V.; Smith, D.L.
Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America; 1992 Jul.
Crop science v. 32 (4): p. 991-996; 1992 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Canada; Medicago sativa; Bromus inermis; Phleum
pratense; Crop mixtures; Components; Interactions; Soil
inoculation; Glomus intraradices; Phosphorus fertilizers;
Plant composition; Nitrogen content; Transfer; Phosphorus;
Concentration; Crop yield; Nutrient balance
Abstract: Mycorrhizal fungi may play a role in the
interactions between components of legume-grass mixed swards
by their enhancing effect on plant P uptake and on legume N2-
fixation rate. The effects of mycorrhizal fungi on
interspecific plant interactions and N transfer from legume to
grass were studied in two legume-grass forage mixtures grown
under three P fertilization regimes. In two experiments, one
involving an alfalfa-bromegrass (Medicago sativa L.-Bromus
inermis Leyss.) mixture and the other, an alfalfa-timothy
(Phleum pratense L.) mixture, plants were inoculated or not
with Glomus intraradix and fertilized with 0, 14.2 or 28 kg P
ha-1. Phosphorus fertilization sometimes increased plant
tissue P concentration, especially in timothy, but it never
affected grass/legume biomass ratios. The effects of the
mycorrhizal fungus were seasonal and were most evident in the
August harvests, when mycorrhizal inoculation increased the
yield of alfalfa at the expense of bromegrass or timothy,
reducing the grass/legume dry mass ratio in both mixtures.
Transfer of 15N from legume to grass was demonstrated, but
this transfer was not enhanced by mycorrhizal colonization of
plants. Mycorrhizal colonization increased P accumulation in
the alfalfa components of the mixtures (33% with bromegrass
and 17% with timothy); however, P concentrations in the legume
biomass were above the P sufficiency level in nonmycorrhizal
plants and were not increased by mycorrhizal colonization.
Therefore, the seasonal increase in alfalfa yield at the
expense of the grass was apparently not caused by enhancement
of P uptake by mycorrhizal colonization. Diagnosis and
Recommendation integrated System (DRIS) indices calculated
from a complete nutrient analysis of the tissue revealed that
the beneficial effect of mycorrhiza on alfalfa production was
associated with a better nutrient balance (mainly Ca and Mg)
of the plants.
257 NAL Call. No.: QH84.8.B46
N supply by groundnuts to maize in a maize plus groundnut
intercropping system, as affected by the genotype.
Senaratne, R.; Ratnasinghe, D.S.
Berlin : Springer International; 1993.
Biology and fertility of soils v. 15 (3): p. 215-219; 1993.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sri lanka; Arachis hypogaea; Genotypes; Nitrogen
fixation; Zea mays; Intercropping
258 NAL Call. No.: QL391.N4J62
Nematode population changes and forage yields of six corn and
sorghum cultivars.
McSorley, R.; Gallaher, R.N.
Lake Alfred, Fla. : Society of Nematologists; 1991 Oct.
Journal of nematology v. 23 (4,suppl.): p. 673-677; 1991 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Zea mays; Sorghum bicolor; Cultivars;
Meloidogyne incognita; CRiconemella; Paratrichodorus minor;
Population density; Cropping systems; Double cropping
Abstract: Two temperate corn (Zea mays) hybrids (Pioneer 3320
and Northrup King 508), two tropical corn cultivars (Pioneer
X304C hybrid and Florida SYN-1 experimental open pollinated
cultivar), the sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) X sudangrass (Sorghum
sudanense) hybrid Dekalb SX-17, and the sorghum hybrid Dekalb
FS25E were compared for effect on nematode densities and
forage yield in three plantings (one single-crop and one
double-crop system) in Florida. Final population densities of
Meloidogyne incognita in the three plantings ranged from 0 to
13/100 cm3 soil on the two Sorghum spp. and were lower (P less
than or equal to 0.001) than those obtained on the corn
cultivars (range 147 to 762/100 cm3 soil). Early planted
temperate corn and sorghum generally gave higher forage yields
than did tropical corn. As second crops in double-cropping
systems, tropical corn cultivars generally produced greater
yields than temperate corn hybrids did. At 35% dry matter,
double crop forage corn yield ranged from 51.1 to 64.8 ton/ha,
ani sorghum ranged from 79.8 to 102.2 ton/ha. Tropical corn,
forage sorghum, and sorghum-sudangrass were profitably grown
at all planting dates. Late summer planting of temperate corn
was unprofitable. Dekalb SX-17 sorghum X sudangrass first crop
plus the ratoon double crop gave the highest net return of
$1,133/ha. Among the corn cultivars, Florida SYN-1 gave the
highest double crop net return of $652/ha.
259 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
New and modified equipment for conservation tillage: strip
till, interseeded residue and strip cropping.
Banks, J.C.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1993.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 117; 1993.
Meeting held January 10-14, 1993, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Language: English
Descriptors: Conservation tillage; Equipment
260 NAL Call. No.: 100 AL1H
New herbicide doesn't restrict overseeding of winter forages
into bermudagrass hay fields.
Richburg, J.S. III; Walker, R.H.
Auburn University, Ala. : The Station; 1992.
Highlights of agricultural research - Alabama Agricultural
Experiment Station v. 39 (1): p. 16; 1992.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Herbicides; Cynodon dactylon;
Oversowing; Winter; Fodder crops; Annuals; Phytotoxicity
261 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
Nitrogen and light partitioning in a maize/soybean
intercropping system under a humid subtropical climate.
Clement, A.; Chalifour, F.P.; Bharati, M.P.; Gendron, G.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1992 Jan.
Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de
phytotechnie v. 72 (1): p. 69-72; 1992 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nepal; Zea mays; Glycine max; Intercropping; Crop
production; Crop yield; Nitrogen fertilizers; Light;
Subtropics; Application rates; Plant density; Row spacing;
Cultivars; Nitrogen fixation; Symbiosis; Bradyrhizobium
japonicum
262 NAL Call. No.: QH84.8.B46
Nitrogen and phosphorus use in maize sole cropping and
maize/cowpea mixed cropping systems on an Alfisol in the
northern Guinea Savanna of Ghana. Hardter, R.; Horst, W.J.
Berlin : Springer International; 1991.
Biology and fertility of soils v. 10 (4): p. 267-275; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ghana; Vigna unguiculata; Zea mays; Mineral
nutrition; Nitrogen fertilizers; Nitrogen fixation; Phosphorus
fertilizers; Sole cropping; Intercropping; Mixed cropping;
Alfisols
263 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Nitrogen availability from alfalfa suppressed or killed for
no-till production.
Varco, J.J.; Grove, J.H.; Frye, W.W.; Smith, M.S.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 22
(15/16): p. 1527-1535; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kentucky; Medicago sativa; Zea mays; Plant
competition; Intercropping; No-tillage; Nitrogen; Nutrient
availability; Nutrient uptake; Ammonium; Nitrate; Nitrate
nitrogen; Ammonium nitrogen; Grass sward; Suppression;
Cutting; Postharvest treatment; Chemical treatment; Paraquat;
Glyphosate; Regrowth; Crop residues; Soil organic matter;
Mineralization; Climatic factors
264 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Nitrogen fertilization of tall fescue-birdsfoot trefoil
mixtures. Hoveland, C.S.; Richardson, M.D.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jul.
Agronomy Journal v. 84 (4): p. 621-627; 1992 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Lotus corniculatus; Crop mixtures;
Festuca arundinacea; Nitrogen fertilizers; Application rates;
Crop yield; Dry matter accumulation; Nitrogen fixation;
Pastures; Grassland management; Mountain areas; Climatic zones
Abstract: In mixtures with birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus
corniculatus L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)
growth during early spring and autumn in north Georgia is
limited. A study was conducted to determine if supplemental N
fertilizer could extend the productive season of tall fescue-
birdsfoot trefoil mixtures. Field experiments were conducted
for 3 yr in the Mountain and Piedmont regions of Georgia.
Mixtures grown included 'AU Triumph' tall fescue with 'Fergus'
or 'AU Dewey' birdsfoot trefoil and tall fescue alone, all
with N rates of 0, 56, or 112 kg ha-1 in February, or 56 kg
ha-1 in February and September. The grass-legume mixture at 0
N had total forage yields similar to tall fescue + 112 kg N
ha-1. Spring production of tall fescue-birdsfoot trefoil
mixtures was increased 50 to 114% with 56 kg N ha-1. Autumn
production was increased 80 to 200% with 56 kg N ha-1 in
September. The N concentration of non-N-fertilized tall fescue
increased 24% when grown with birdsfoot trefoil. Apparent N2
fixation of birdsfoot trefoil grown with tall fescue ranged
from 79 to 137 kg N ha-1 during a good rainfall year.
Birdsfoot trefoil apparently did not fix sufficient N for cool
season growth of tall fescue, so that application of N in
February and again in September extended the productive season
of tall fescue-birdsfoot trefoil mixtures.
265 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Nitrogen fertilization of wheat double-cropped following grain
sorghum in a no-tillage system.
Howard, D.D.; Lessman, G.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Jan.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (1): p. 208-211; 1991 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Tennessee; Triticum aestivum; Sorghum bicolor;
No-tillage; Double cropping; Nitrogen fertilizers; Application
rates; Timing; Application date; Spring; Autumn; Growth rate;
Plant height; Crop yield; Grain; Yield components
Abstract: Utilization of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em
Thell.) as a cash crop or cover crop in a double-cropping
system is desirable to prevent excessive soil erosion on
loess-derived soils in the southern USA. Fall and spring N
application to winter wheat double-cropped following grain
sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) was evaluated on a Grenada silt
loam (fine-silty, mixed, thermic Glossic Fragiudalf). The
experimental design was a randomized complete block with a
split-plot arrangement of treatments. Rates of N applied at
planting (0, 34, and 67 kg ha-1) were the main plots, with N
rates applied in the spring (0, 34, 67, 101 and 134 kg ha-1)
the sub-plots. Fall N (Nf) increased both yield and plant
height. Spring N (Ns) had a greater effect on yield and plant
height than Nf. Yields increased from 0.83 to 2.61 Mg ha-1 by
increasing Ns from 0 to 134 kg ha-1 without Nf. Yields
increased from 1.50 to 2.67 Mg ha-1 by increasing Ns from 0 to
67 kg ha-1 with 67 kg ha-1 Nf. Yield variation was expressed
by Y = 0.822 + 0.0098 Nf + 0.0248 Ns - 8.5 X 10-5 N2s + 1.45 X
10-5 NfNs - 7.41 x 10-7 NfN2s. Plant height increased from 56
to 85 cm by increasing Ns from 0 to 134 kg ha-1 without Nf,
but increased from 67 to 80 cm by increasing Ns from 0 to 67
kg ha-1 with 67 kg ha-1 Nf. One-hundred-kernel weight
decreased from 235 to 2.11 g by increasing Ns from 34 to 134
kg ha-1. Grain N increased from 19.9 to 23.2 g kg-1 by
increasing Ns from 34 to 134 kg ha-1.
266 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Nitrogen fixation and transfer in vetch and vetch-oats
mixtures. Papastylianou, I.; Danso, S.K.A.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Soil biology and biochemistry v. 23 (5): p. 447-452; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cyprus; Vicia sativa; Avena sativa; Crop
mixtures; Nitrogen fixation; Ammonium sulfate; Soil organic
matter; Nitrogen; Nutrient sources; Nutrient uptake; Dry
matter accumulation
Abstract: 15N-labelled organic matter and ammonium sulphate
fertilizer (20 and 60 kg N ha-1) were applied as 15N sources
to estimate N2 fixed in field-grown pure vetch (Vicia sativa
L.) and vetch grown in two mixtures with oats (Avena sativa).
The decline in 15N enrichment in the soil during the seven
sequential harvests and deduced from the atom % 15N excess
values in the oats reference crop was significantly slower in
the organic matter labelled plots than with the 15N-labelled
ammonium sulphate plots. Total N uptake patterns of oats and
vetch differed markedly for the last two or three harvests.
Also, estimates of N2 fixed (Ndfa) in vetch differed with the
15N source. The mean % Ndfa (or total Ndfa) at 106 days after
emergence was 76% (95 kg N ha-1) with the ploughed-in organic
matter, 45% (61 kg N ha-1) or 41% (41 kg N ha-1) when 20 or 60
kg N ha-1, respectively, of 15N-labelled ammonium sulphate was
applied. Estimates of N transferred from the legume to the
cereal were similarly influence by the 15N source. Little
(maximum 5 kg N ha-1) or no N transfer from vetch to oats was
detected, using the organic matter labelled plots. in
contrast, several significant values (up to 29 kg N ha-1) of N
transferred were estimated using the inorganic 15N-labelled
plots. With the greater effects of fast 15N:14N ratio decline
in soil on reference crop errors, we estimate that the values
of N2 fixed and of N transferred under the more stable 15N:14N
conditions, i.e. with 15N-labelled organic incorporated into
soil, should be the most accurate. Thus, vetch derived on the
average, over 70% of its N from fixation, while N transfer
from vetch to oats was not significant.
267 NAL Call. No.: QH84.8.B46
Nitrogen fixation efficiency, interspecies N transfer, and
root growth in barley-field pea intercrop on a Black
Chernozemic soil.
Izaurralde, R.C.; McGill, W.B.; Juma, N.G.
Berlin : Springer International; 1992.
Biology and fertility of soils v. 13 (1): p. 11-16; 1992.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alberta; Hordeum vulgare; Pisum sativum; Nitrogen
fixation; Roots; Growth; Intercrops; Rhizobium leguminosarum;
Soil inoculation
268 NAL Call. No.: 100 L939
Nitrogen influences on forage yield and quality of double-
cropped millet and ryegrass.
Robinson, D.L.
Baton Rouge, La. : The Station; 1992.
Louisiana agriculture - Louisiana Agricultural Experiment
Station v. 35 (4): p. 12-13; 1992.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Lolium; Pearl millet; Nitrogen
fertilizers; Application rates; Yields; Crude protein
269 NAL Call. No.: 450 N42
Nitrogen transfer from nodulating soybean [Glycine max (L.)
Merr.], to corn (Zea mays L.) and non-nodulating soybean in
intercrops: direct 15N labelling methods.
Martin, R.C.; Voldeng, H.D.; Smith, D.L.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1991 Feb.
The New phytologist v. 117 (2): p. 233-241; 1991 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ontario; Glycine max; Zea mays; Modulation;
Nitrogen; Nutrient transport; Transfer; Intercrops; Plant
interaction
270 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Nitrogen transfer from phaseolus bean to intercropped maize
measured using 15N-enrichment and 15N-isotope dilution
methods.
Giller, K.E.; Ormesher, J.; Awah, F.M.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Soil biology and biochemistry v. 23 (4): p. 339-346; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Phaseolus; Zea mays; Intercrops; Nitrogen; Plant
nutrition; Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizas; Nitrogen
fixation; Nodulation; Interspecific competition; Foliar
application; Isotope dilution; Isotope labeling; Measurement
Abstract: Transfer of N from Phaseolus bean to intercropped
maize was studied in glasshouse experiments using 15N-foliar
feeding and 15N-isotope dilution methods. Nodulated and non-
nodulating Phaseolus genotypes were included in separate
treatments to help distinguish between benefits due to
transfer of fixed N and competition for N in the growth
medium. When intercropped with bean foliarly fed with
(15NH4)2SO4, maize was enriched with 15N, showing that N had
been transferred. The amounts of N transferred were small, and
always < 5% of the N in the N2-fixing beans. There was a
decrease in shoot-N in maize intercropped with N2-fixing bean
compared to maize intercropped with the non-nodulating beans.
Non-nodulating bean transferred comparable amounts of N to
intercropped maize plants although their total N content was
less than a quarter of that in the N2-fixing beans. For the
isotope dilution experiments, 15N-fertilizer was incorporated
into a soil-based compost together with sucrose to stabilise
the 15N-enrichment of available N. When plants grew vigorously
no transfer of N from bean to maize was detected by isotope
dilution, and again shoot N of maize intercropped with N2-
fixing beans was less than that of maize with non-nodulating
beans. In a further experiment, growth of maize and bean
plants was reduced by severe insect attack and up to 15%
(between 9 and 15 mg N pot-1) of the N in N2-fixing beans was
estimated by isotope dilution to have been transferred. Small
(5-10 mg N pot-1) but significant increases in total N yield
were found in the maize intercropped with N2-fixing bean
compared to maize intercropped with non-nodulating bean. In
this experiment treatments with or without vesicular-
arbuscular mycorrhiza were established but showed no
significant differences in N-transfer from uninoculated
plants. As transfer of N from the beans to intercropped
cereals showed such little benefit under conditions of severe
N limitation, our results indicate that many careful field
experiments are required before we can conclude that N-
transfer from Phaseolus to intercropped cereals is significant
in agriculture.
271 NAL Call. No.: QR89.7.A34 1990
Nodulation and nitrogen fixation and transfer in a cowpea/rice
cropping system.
Okereke, G.U.; Ayama, N.
Chichester : Wiley; 1992.
Biological nitrogen fixation and sustainability of tropical
agriculture : proc of the 4th International Conf of the
African Assoc for Biological Nitrogen Fixation, held at the
Int Inst of Trop Agric, Nigeria, 24-28 Sept 1990. p. 353-360;
1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Vigna unguiculata; Oryza sativa; Nitrogen
fixation; Nodulation; Transfer; Mixed cropping
272 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Oat companion crop seeding rate effect on alfalfa
establishment, yield, and weed control.
Lanini, W.T.; Orloff, S.B.; Orr, J.P.; Vargas, R.N.; Marble,
V.L.; Grattan, S.R.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Mar.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (2): p. 330-333; 1991 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Medicago sativa; Companion crops;
Crop density; Avena sativa; Sowing rates; Crop establishment;
Intercropping; Crop yield; Forage; Herbage; Dry matter
accumulation; Weeds; Population density; Irrigated farming
Abstract: Companion crops have been used in alfalfa (Medicago
sativa L.) establishment to increase forage yield and decrease
weeds. When oat (Avena sativa L.) is used as a companion crop,
the typical seeding rate is 50 to 75 kg ha-1. In irrigated
situations this seeding rate has depressed alfalfa yield and
stand density. This study was conducted under irrigated
conditions to evaluate alfalfa yields, forage composition at
first harvest and alfalfa and weed densities at four oat
seeding rates; 0 to 36 kg ha-1. Two field experiments were
established at Madera and one at Courtland, CA. The
interplanting of oat with alfalfa increased first-harvest
forage yields 2.45 to 8.62 Mg ha-1, relative to alfalfa
planted alone. Alfalfa yields at subsequent cuttings during
the first season were reduced by the oat companion crop. By
the last cutting in the first season and all cuttings in the
second season, yields were equal for all treatments. First-
season forage yields were increased 1.54 to 5.05 Mg ha-1 by an
oat companion crop. The oat component of the first cutting
ranged from 71 to 98%. Alfalfa and weed biomass were both
reduced by the oat companion crop. The oat companion crop
reduced alfalfa stand density during establishment, but
density was higher at the beginning of the second season at
two of the three sites when the oat seeding rate was 18 kg
ha-1. Alfalfa established with an oat companion crop had an
average of 30% fewer weeds in the second year when 9 kg ha-1
were used and almost 50% fewer weeds at 18 kg -1. Thus, the
seeding rate of an oat companion crop considered best for
optimizing yields and reducing weeds under irrigation in
California is approximately 18 kg ha-1.
273 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Oat, oat-pea, barley, and barley-pea for forage yield, forage
quality, and alfalfa establishment.
Chapko, L.B.; Brinkman, M.A.; Albrecht, K.A.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Oct.
Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (4): p. 486-491; 1991
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wisconsin; Pisum sativum; Avena sativa; Hordeum
vulgare; Genotype mixtures; Medicago sativa; Crop mixtures;
Crop establishment; Perennials; Forage; Crop yield; Crop
quality; Companion crops; Plant competition; Fiber; Crude
protein; Undersowing; Maturation; Harvesting date; Climatic
factors; Temporal variation
274 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T
An object-oriented field operations simulator in PROLOG.
Lal, H.; Peart, R.M.; Jones, J.W.; Shoup, W.D.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1991 May. Transactions of the ASAE v. 34 (3): p.
1031-1039; 1991 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Farm management; Crop production; Farm
machinery; Farm workers; Multiple cropping; Resource
management; Simulation models; Weather; Computer software;
Field experimentation
Abstract: This article describes the structure, logic, and
programming technique of an agricultural simulation model in
Logic Programming (PROLOG) with object-oriented data
structures. The model simulates field operations of multicrop
production systems by estimating work based upon the available
farm resources (machinery and labor) and weather on a daily
basis. The conventional approach to simulation in procedural
languages makes it difficult to capture the human decision
patters responsible for the system's behavior. Simple
approximations and averages are often used, instead. The new
simulation approach facilitated representing and manipulating
qualitative knowledge (heuristics) such as the manager's
preferences in allocating the available resources (machinery
and labor) to different operations, in addition to
quantitative and procedural computations essential for
simulating the system's behavior. The testing procedures for
verifying the performance of the simulator and the quality of
the reports produced are discussed along with the results.
275 NAL Call. No.: 10 EX72
Observations of insect infestation and damage in cowpea (Vigna
unguiculata) intercropped with tomato (Lycopersicon
esculentum) in a rain forest area of Nigeria.
Ofuya, T.I.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1991 Oct.
Experimental agriculture v. 27 (4): p. 407-412; 1991 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nigeria; Vigna unguiculata; Crop damage; Aphis
craccivora; Empoasca dolichi; Helicoverpa armigera; Maruca
testulalis; Megalurothrips sjostedti; Ootheca mutabilis;
Insect control; Intercropping; Lycopersicon esculentum;
Tropical rain forests
276 NAL Call. No.: 60.19 B773
Observations on the incidence of plant parasitic nematodes in
grassland in England and Wales.
Cook, R.; Mizen, K.A.; Plowright, R.A.; York, P.A.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications,; 1992 Sep.
Grass and forage science : the journal of the British
Grassland Society v. 47 (3): p. 274-279; 1992 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wales; Cabt; England; Cabt; Grass sward;
Trifolium repens; Lolium perenne; Mixed pastures; Plant
parasitic nematodes; Incidence; Population density;
Heterodera; Punctodera; Meloidogyne; Ditylenchus; Grasslands;
Geographical distribution
277 NAL Call. No.: QH442.G446
Open reading frame analysis by selective PCR-mediated deletion
mutagenesis. Verhasselt, P.; Reekmans, M.J.; Volckaert, G.
New York, N.Y. : Elsevier Science Publishing Company; 1993
Feb. Gene analysis techniques and applications v. 10 (1): p.
16-23; 1993 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Genes; Cloning; Genetic analysis; Deletions;
Mutagenesis; Polymerase chain reaction; Dna; Plasmid vectors;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Mutants
Abstract: Recently, we demonstrated that a nested set of DNA
fragments can be obtained by using one specific primer and one
semirandom primer in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We now
describe a strategy for selective deletion mutagenesis that is
based on this observation. The gene of interest is cloned as a
fusion construct with a selectable marker in a small vector,
allowing for PCR amplification of the entire recombinant
plasmid. The specific primer is complementary to the vector
sequence beyond the gene of interest and is oriented
downstream. The 3' end of the semirandom primer is
complementary to a triplet (GAT) that is scattered over the
entire open reading frame (ORF). It is shown by nucleotide
sequence analysis that deletion mutants result exclusively
from annealing of the semirandom primer at different GAT
triplets. PCR products resulting from annealing to GAT
triplets elsewhere in the plasmid are counterselected by the
need for replication functions and for the expression of the
selectable marker. This technique is demonstrated on the
Saccharomyces cerevisiae ORF YCL56C.
278 NAL Call. No.: 292.8 W295
Optimal reservoir operation for irrigation of multiple crops.
Vedula, S.; Mujumdar, P.P.
Washington, D.C. : American Geophysical Union; 1992 Jan.
Water resources research v. 28 (1): p. 1-9; 1992 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Karnataka; Multiple cropping; Water reservoirs;
Irrigation requirements; Irrigation scheduling; Water
availability; Water allocation; Crop growth stage; Water use
efficiency; Decision making; Mathematical models
Abstract: A model for the optimal operating policy of a
reservoir for irrigation under a multiple crops scenario using
stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) is developed.
Intraseasonal periods smaller than the crop growth stage
durations form the decision intervals of the model to
facilitate irrigation decisions in real situations. Reservoir
storage, inflow to the reservoir, and the soil moisture in the
irrigated area are treated as state variables. An optimal
allocation process is incorporated in the model to determine
the allocations to individual crops when a competition for
water exists among them. The model also serves as an
irrigation scheduling model in that at any given intraseason
period it specifies whether irrigation is needed and, if it
is, the amount of irrigation to be applied to each crop. The
impact on crop yield due to water deficit and the effect of
soil moisture dynamics on crop water requirements are taken
into account. A linear root growth of the crop is assumed
until the end of the vegetative stage, beyond which the root
depth is assumed to be constant. The applicability of the
model is demonstrated through a case study of an existing
reservoir in India.
279 NAL Call. No.: 60.19 B773
Out-of-season management of grass/clover swards to manipulate
clover content. Laidlaw, A.S.; Teuber, N.G.; Withers, J.A.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications,; 1992 Sep.
Grass and forage science : the journal of the British
Grassland Society v. 47 (3): p. 220-229; 1992 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Grass sward; Mixed pastures; Trifolium; Stand
density; Grazing effects; Winter; Spring; Sheep; Cattle;
Herbage; Cutting date; Grassland management; Botanical
composition; Stolons
280 NAL Call. No.: 450 AM36
Partitioning of space and water between two California annual
grassland species.
Gordon, D.R.; Rice, K.J.
Columbus, Ohio : Botanical Society of America; 1992 Sep.
American journal of botany v. 79 (9): p. 967-976; 1992 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Bromus diandrus; Erodium botrys; Crop
mixtures; Monoculture; Interspecific competition;
Intraspecific competition; Plant ecology; Plant morphology;
Species diversity; Space requirements; Water requirements
Abstract: We examined the potential for resource partitioning
between two sympatric species with similar phenologies but
different rooting morphologies. The annual grass, Bromus
diandrus (Roth.), and annual forb, Erodium botrys (Cav.), were
grown in monoculture and 50:50 mixed stands at each of three
densities (10, 30, 100 seeds/dm2) in a randomized complete
block design. Plants were grown outdoors, in 1-m-tall X 15-cm-
diameter containers. Comparison of seed number produced per
plant in mixture and in monoculture indicated greater effects
of intraspecific than interspecific competition for Erodium.
Such differences were not detected for Bromus seed number, and
the converse relationship was suggested from Bromus shoot
biomass. Final size inequality of Bromus populations tended to
be higher in monoculture than in mixture; no patterns in
Erodium size distribution over time or stand composition were
evident. Bromus roots were primarily in the upper 10 cm of
soil, while Erodium roots were bimodally distributed in the
surface and deep soil. Roots of the two species in mixture
showed a distribution pattern intermediate between those of
the two monocultures. The rate of soil water depletion was
higher in the high density than in the low density stands, but
was not dependent on stand composition at a given density.
Partitioning of belowground space and water resources by
groups of species with different root morphologies may
partially explain the high species diversity in the grassland.
281 NAL Call. No.: 100 AR42F
Performance of blends of determinate and indeterminate
soybeans. Caviness, C.E.; Sneller, C.
Fayetteville, Ark. : The Station; 1992 Mar.
Arkansas farm research - Arkansas Agricultural Experiment
Station v. 41 (2): p. 3-4; 1992 Mar.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arkansas; Glycine max; Cultivars; Seed mixtures;
Crop yield
282 NAL Call. No.: 100 AR42F
Performance of soybean blends and pure-lines in multiple
cropping with wheat. Jacques, S.; Bacon, R.K.; Caviness, C.E.
Fayetteville, Ark. : The Station; 1991 Jul.
Arkansas farm research - Arkansas Agricultural Experiment
Station v. 40 (4): p. 5-6; 1991 Jul.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arkansas; Glycine max; Seed mixtures; Triticum
aestivum; Double cropping; Yield response functions
283 NAL Call. No.: 10 EX72
Phosphorus utilization efficiency as affected by component
population, rhizobial inoculation and applied nitrogen in
maize/mungbean intercropping. Chowdhury, M.K.; Rosario, E.L.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1992 Jul.
Experimental agriculture v. 28 (3): p. 255-263; 1992 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Philippines; Zea mays; Vigna radiata;
Bradyrhizobium; Nitrogen fertilizers; Soil inoculation;
Intercropping; Nutrient uptake; Phosphorus; Crop yield
284 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Plant response to stocking rate in a subtropical grass-legume
pasture. Aiken, G.E.; Pitman, W.D.; Chambliss, C.G.; Portier,
K.M.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Jan.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (1): p. 124-129; 1991 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Steers; Desmodium; Aeschynomene
Americana; Macroptilium lathyroides; Paspalum notatum; Mixed
pastures; Crop mixtures; Botanical composition; Oversowing;
Stand establishment; Herbage; Crop quality; Nutritive value;
Grazing effects; Stocking rate; Grazing intensity; In vitro
digestibility
Abstract: 'Florida' carpon desmodium [Desmodium heterocarpon
(L.) DC] is a persistent legume under grazing but is often
difficult to establish. Aeschynomene (Aeschynomene americana
L.) and, especially, phasey bean [Macroptilium lathyroides
(L.) Urb.] establish more reliably. Overseeding a mixture of
these legumes in bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) pastures
could provide the quality forage and N input of legumes
initially from the rapidly establishing species and for
extended periods from the persistent carpon desmodium. The
objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of such
mixtures. Effects of stocking rate and grazing season on
botanical composition, herbage availability, and herbage
nutritive value were evaluated on a Pomona fine sand (sandy,
siliceous, hyperthermic Ultic Haplaquod). Following
overseeding of legumes in March 1987, pastures were grazed at
three stocking rates in summer 1987 and in spring and summer
1988. Carpon desmodium increased from less than 1% at the
start of grazing in 1987 to over 7% of the live herbage in
1988. Combined percentage of aeschynomene plus phasey bean
decreased during 1987 from more than 4 to 1.6%. Carpon
desmodium percentage was highest (P < 0.10) at the
intermediate stocking rate, while percentage of other legumes
was not affected by stocking rate. Herbage mass decreased
linearly with increases in stocking rate in both summer
grazing seasons. Leaf/stem ratio and nutritive value of legume
leaf and stem were not affected by stocking rate but decreased
with time during each grazing season. The short-lived legumes,
aeschynomene and phasey bean, provided high quality forage
during the establishment period of carpon desmodium but
contributed negligibly during the second year.
285 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Plant yields and fodder quality related characteristics of
millet-stylo intercropping systems in the Sahel.
Kouame, C.N.; Powell, J.M.; Renard, C.A.; Quesenberry, K.H.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy, [1949-; 1993
May. Agronomy journal v. 85 (3): p. 601-605; 1993 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sahel; Cabt; Niger; Cabt; Pennisetum Americanum;
Stylosanthes fruticosa; Stylosanthes hamata; Intercropping;
Crop yield; Grain; Fodder; Crude protein; Protein content;
Nutritive value; Crop quality; Sole cropping; Dry matter
accumulation
Abstract: The integration of forage legumes into the low-
input, cereal-based farming system of the Sahel may be the key
to sustaining soil, crop, and livestock production. The
objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of
intercropping the forage legumes Stylosanthes (Retz.) Alston
or S. hamata (L.) Taub. with millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.)
R. Br.] on grain yield, fodder yield, and crude protein (CP)
yield and concentration. Four field trials were conducted on a
Psammentic Paleustalf (siliceous, isohyperthermic) soil from
1998 to 1990 at Sadore, Niger. Each Stylosanthes species was
grown in alternate single and triple row patterns with millet
for 1 and 2 yr, with stylo regrowing from stubble during the
second year. Control treatments were sole crops of millet and
stylo. Intercropping either Stylosanthes species with millet
for 1 yr in alternate single rows did not affect millet grain
yield, because of low stylo competition. Total dry matter (DM)
harvested of intercrop was similar to that of sole millet,
while CP concentration of total DM increased moderately from
43 g kg-1 in sole millet crop to 75 g kg-1 in intercrop.
During the second year of association, stylo was very
competitive, depressing intercropped millet grain by an
average of 67% in 1989 and 48% in 1990 compared with sole
millet grain yield. Total DM and CP yields, and CP
concentration of the harvested fodder were, respectively, 1.4,
3.0, and 2.3 times greater in intercrop than sole millet.
Millet-stylo intercrops, with each species planted at half its
sole crop density, appear to have an advantage in fodder yield
and CP over sole millet cropping but not in total grain yield.
286 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
Post-flowering forage potential of spring and winter cereal
mixtures. Baron, V.S.; Najda, H.G.; Salmon, D.F.; Dick, A.C.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1992 Jan.
Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de
phytotechnie v. 72 (1): p. 137-145; 1992 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alberta; Avena sativa; Hordeum vulgare; Triticum
aestivum; Triticale; Forage; Crop production; Crop yield; Crop
mixtures; Crop quality
287 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Potassium fertilization of doublecropped wheat and soybeans
under two tillage systems.
Evanylo, G.K.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Oct.
Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (4): p. 555-560; 1991
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Virginia; Delaware; Maryland; Glycine max;
Triticum aestivum; Rotations; Double cropping; Coastal plain
soils; Sandy soils; Coarse textured soils; Argillic horizons;
Potassium; Tillage; No-tillage; Potassium chloride;
Application rates; Application date; Temporal variation;
Planting; Crop growth stage; Crop yield; Nutrient
availability; Leaching; Movement in soil; Nutrient uptake;
Soil testing; Plant analysis; Nutrient content; Precipitation;
Soil depth; Soil water content
288 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Potassium utilization by no-till full-season and double-crop
soybean. Coale, F.J.; Grove, J.H.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Jan.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (1): p. 190-194; 1991 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glycine max; No-tillage; Double cropping;
Planting date; Row spacing; Soil fertility; Potassium;
Nutrient uptake; Grain; Filling period; Nutrient transport;
Use efficiency
Abstract: Although K accumulation by soybean [Glycine max
(L.) Merr.] his been studied extensively, data on differential
K utilization by full-season and double-crop soybean are not
available. Potassium utilization by no-till soybean grown at
two levels of soil K fertility and two row widths was
evaluated under full-season and double-crop planting dates.
Plant component dry weight and K concentration were determined
at growth stages R1, R5, and R7. For both planting dates, high
soil K fertility resulted in elevated tissue K concentration
and K accumulation in all plant parts at all three growth
stages. At R1, double-crop soybean tissue K concentrations
were greater than that of full-season soybean. At R7, double-
crop soybean leaf and abscised tissue K concentrations were
lower than those of full-season soybean, suggesting a
disproportionately greater translocation of K out of the
double-crop soybean leaf during seed-fill. At R7, seed K
accounted for 64 and 38% of total plant K for low and high K
fertility regimes, respectively. Seed K at R7 was a constant
proportion of total K accumulated for both fall-season and
double-crop planting dates. Row spacing did not alter shoot K
concentration or accumulation for either planting date.
Potassium accumulation rate was greatest between R1 ad R5, was
increased by high K fertility conditions, and was not
different between full-season and double-crop planting dates
except during the seed-filling period when the full-season
soybean K uptake rare was greater. Full-season soybean
maintained a greater soil K uptake rate daring seed-fill while
double-crop soybean seed K supply was apparently more
dependent on redistribution of K from other plant tissues.
289 NAL Call. No.: MeUUniv. 1991 T62
Potato available nitrogen from barley/legume underseedings and
reduced tillage/ridge tillage potatoes.. PLANT AND SOIL
SCIENCES - 1991 Tindall, Timothy Todd,
Orono, Me.,; 1991.
ix, 155 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm. Includes vita. Bibliography:
leaves 148-154.
Language: English
Descriptors: Potatoes; Soils; Companion planting; Crop
rotation
290 NAL Call. No.: 75.8 P842
Potato intercropping systems with maize and faba bean.
Roder, W.; Anderhalden, E.; Gurung, P.; Dukpa, P.
Orono, Me. : Potato Association of America; 1992 Mar.
American potato journal v. 69 (3): p. 195-202; 1992 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Bhutan; Solanum tuberosum; Intercropping; Zea
mays; Vicia faba; Crop yield; Yield losses; Planting date; Row
spacing; Land productivity; Ratios; Economic analysis
291 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Potential value of soil conservation service streamflow
outlook based on flexible crop combinations.
Held, L.J.; Wenberg, E.A.; Jacobs, J.J.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1993 Jan.
Journal of production agriculture v. 6 (1): p. 126-132; 1993
Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Water supply; Stream flow; Forecasting; Crop
management; Crop production; Irrigation; Value theory
292 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883
Preference of root-lesion nematode for alfalfa and forage
grasses growing in binary mixtures.
Petersen, A.D.; Barnes, D.K.; Thies, J.A.
Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America; 1991 May.
Crop science v. 31 (3): p. 567-570; 1991 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Medicago sativa; Cultivars; Varietal
susceptibility; Hordeum vulgare; Poa pratensis; Bromus
inermis; Avena sativa; Dactylis glomerata; Pennisetum
Americanum; Lolium perenne; Elymus repens; Phalaris
arundinacea; Festuca arundinacea; Phleum pratense; Triticum
aestivum; Crop mixtures; Cultural control; Plant parasitic
nematodes; Nematode control; Nonpreference; Pratylenchus
penetrans
Abstract: Most forage crops are hosts for the root-lesion
nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) Filipjev & Schur-
Stekhoven. The objective of this research was to compare the
preference of P. penetrans for two alfalfas (Medicago sativa
L.) and 14 forage grasses or small grains when grown in binary
(two species) mixtures. The two alfalfas included the
susceptible cultivar Baker, and MNGRN-16, an experimental
population with field resistance to P. penetrans. The grasses
included 12 species: barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), Kentucky
bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus
inermis Leyss.), oat (Avena sativa L.), orchardgrass (Dactylis
glomerata L.), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), perennial
ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), quackgrass [Elytrigia repens
(L.) Nevski], reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), tall
fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), timothy (Phleum pratense
L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Two seedlings of each
grass entry and one alfalfa seedling were planted into a
polyethylene tube containing a 1:1 sand/soil mixture. Eight
tubes (replicates) were each inoculated with 90 nematodes;
non-inoculated tubes were used as controls. Six weeks after
inoculation, fresh root weight and dry shoot weight were
recorded and numbers of nematodes in the roots were determined
by staining with acid fuchsin. Among the grasses, the oat,
reed canarygrass, and quackgrass had the greatest number of
nematodes, whereas pearl millet, perennial ryegrass, tall
fescue, and timothy had the least. Alfalfa was the preferred
host of P. penetrans when grown in combination with grasses.
Baker and MNGRN-16 alfalfa each supported 75% of the total
number of nematodes compared with all grass-alfalfa
combinations. These results suggest possibilities for
developing cropping systems including forage species that can
tolerate or reduce root-lesion nematode populations.
293 NAL Call. No.: 60.19 B773
Preliminary trials using a white clover (Trifolium repens L.)
understory to supply the nitrogen requirements of a cereal
crop.
Jones, L.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications,; 1992 Dec.
Grass and forage science : the journal of the British
Grassland Society v. 47 (4): p. 366-374; 1992 Dec. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: England; Cabt; Trifolium repens; Hordeum vulgare;
Avena sativa; Companion crops; Nitrogen fixation; Nitrogen
retention; Crop yield; Direct sowing; Seed weight; Cereal
grains; Nitrogen content
294 NAL Call. No.: 501 L84B
Preventing insect adaptation to insect-resistant crops: are
seed mixtures or refugia the best strategy?.
Mallet, J.; Porter, P.
London : The Society; 1992 Nov23.
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London : Series B :
Biological sciences v. 250 (1328): p. 165-169; 1992 Nov23.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cropping systems; Pest resistance; Seed mixtures;
Insect pests; Adaptation; Cultural control; Mathematical
models
295 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6
Producing trellised cucumbers double-cropped with tomatoes.
Hanna, H.Y.
Alexandria, Va. : The American Society for Horticultural
Science; 1993 Feb. HortScience : a publication of the American
Society for Horticultural Science v. 28 (2): p. 96-98; 1993
Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cucumis sativus; Cultivars; Lycopersicon
esculentum; Cultural methods; Double cropping; Metam;
Glyphosate; Paraquat; Row spacing; Row orientation; Crop yield
Abstract: Several studies were conducted from 1988 to 1990 to
determine the effect of using tomato plant skeletons as a
support for trellised cucumbers double-cropped with tomatoes.
In addition, the method by which tomato plants were killed
before cucumbers were planted and the in-row spacing and row
arrangement of cucumber plants on subsequent cucumber yield
were also examined. Yields of trellised 'Dasher II' cucumber
(Cucumis sativus L.) plants planted in tomato (Lycopersicon
esculentum Mill.) plots fumigated with metam-sodium were not
significantly higher than yields from plants grown in plots
where tomato plants were killed with glyphosate or paraquat.
The presence of tomato skeletons significantly reduced the
average total yield, but not the average premium yield, of
three cucumber cultivars in 2 years of the study. Cultivar
effect on yield was significant, and there was a significant
cultivar X tomato skeleton interaction for yield during 1988.
Spacing cucumber plants in the row in the presence of tomato
skeletons significantly influenced yields. Planting cucumbers
in double rows per tomato bed with tomato skeletons in between
significantly increased yield in 1988, had a mixed effect in
1989, and had no effect in 1990 when compared with planting
cucumbers in a single row per bed.
296 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783
Production of summer crops in northern New South Wales. I.
Effects of tillage and double cropping on growth, grain and N
yields of six crops. Herridge, D.F.; Holland, J.F.
Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
Organization; 1992.
Australian journal of agricultural research v. 43 (1): p.
105-122; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New South Wales; Cajanus cajan; Glycine max;
Helianthus annuus; Sorghum; Vigna radiata; Vigna unguiculata;
Double cropping; No-tillage; Nitrogen fixation; Nodulation;
Sap; Ureides; Xylem
297 NAL Call. No.: 10 EX72
Production possibility frontiers and estimation of competition
effects: the use of a priori information on biological
processes in intercropping. Ranganathan, R.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1992 Jul.
Experimental agriculture v. 28 (3): p. 351-367; 1992 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Indonesia; Netherlands; Andhra pradesh; Zea mays;
Arachis hypogaea; Avena sativa; Hordeum vulgare; Sorghum
bicolor; Cajanus cajan; Intercropping; Plant competition;
Population dynamics; Production possibilities; Mathematical
models
298 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883
Productivity and consumption of wheatgrasses and wheatgrass-
sainfoin mixtures grazed by sheep.
Griggs, T.C.; Matches, A.G.
Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America; 1991 Sep.
Crop science v. 31 (5): p. 1267-1273; 1991 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Agropyron cristatum; Agropyron desertorum;
Elymus elongatus; Elymus hispidus; Onobrychis viciifolia; Crop
mixtures; Rotational grazing; Grazing intensity; Feed intake;
Forage; Herbage; Crop quality; Grazing effects; Growth rate;
Regrowth; Seasonal growth; Botanical composition
Abstract: Grazing systems based on warm- and cool-season
components have limited productivity during parts of spring
and autumn. Wheat-grasses (Agropyron and Thinopyrum spp.) and
sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) may improve the
seasonal distribution of growth in grazing systems on the U.S.
Southern High Plains. Objectives were to determine the herbage
production and consumption of three wheatgrasses and their
binary mixtures with sainfoin under three schedules of
initiation of spring grazing by sheep (Ovis aries). 'Hycrest'
crested wheatgrass [A. cristatum (L.) Gaertn. X A. desertorum
(Fisch. ex Link) Schult.], 'Jose' tall wheatgrass [T. ponticum
(Podp.) Barkw. & D.R. Dewey], and 'Luna' pubescent wheatgrass
[T. intermedium subsp. barbulatum (Schar) Barkw. & D.R. Dewey]
and their mixtures with 'Renumex' sainfoin were established on
a Pullman clay loam (fine, mixed thermic Torrertic Paleustoll)
in 1984. First growths were initially grazed in 1985 and 1986
under three schedules spaced approximately 3.5 wk apart.
Second growths were grazed approximately 6 to 11 wk later.
Herbage production of mixtures usually did not exceed that of
grasses, but consumption was 13 to 29% greater in mixtures
than in pure grasses except under drought conditions. Herbage
mass increased with delays in the initiation of grazing in
first growths with adequate soil water, and decreased with
successive schedules in second growths. Herbage consumption in
first growths was greatest for mid or late schedules of
grazing initiation. Herbage live leaf and sainfoin
concentrations suggest highest forage quality levels for
mixtures, particularly in first growths. Wheatgrasses and
their mixtures with sainfoin can make important seasonal
contributions to the productivity of regional grazing systems.
299 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Productivity and quality of annual and perennial clover-tall
fescue mixtures. Pederson, G.A.; Brink, G.E.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Jul.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (4): p. 694-699; 1991 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Trifolium repens; Trifolium
pratense; Trifolium vesiculosum; Trifolium incarnatum;
Trifolium subterraneum; Festuca arundinacea; Crop mixtures;
Crop yield; Crop quality
Abstract: Winter annual legumes seeded in perennial clover-
tall fescue pastures could increase early spring herbage
production without N fertilizer. This study determined the
productivity and forage quality of 'Regal' white (Trifolium
repens L.) and 'Kenland' red clover (T. pratense L.)/tall
fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) mixtures grown with and
without 'Yuchi' arrowleaf (T. vesiculosum Savi.), 'Tibbee'
crimson (T. incarnatum L.), and 'Meteora' subterranean clover
(T. subterraneum L. var. yanninicum [Katzn. & Morley] Zoh.).
The experimental design was a split plot with four replicates.
Whole plots were red, white, red + white, and no perennial
clover. Subplots were arrowleaf, crimson, subterranean, and no
annual clover. All species were broadcast seeded on a Catalpa
silty clay (fine, montmorillonitic, Fluvaquentic Hapludoll) at
Mississippi State, MS, in October 1984. The annual clovers
were reseeded in September 1985 and 1986. Arrowleaf and
crimson clover competition resulted in 11% less total dry
matter and 16% less clover yield compared to no annual clover
in perennial clover plots during the first 2 yr of the study.
The only yield advantage for perennial clover/tall fescue
mixtures with arrowleaf or crimson clovers was in the third
year when perennial clover stands declined (mainly due to dry
weather conditions) and annual clover overseeding give 114%
greater clover yields. Subterranean clover had little effect
on yield or forage quality when grown with perennial clovers.
Crude protein and in vitro digestible dry matter
concentrations were increased in early spring 1985 and 1987 by
the addition of arrowleaf or crimson clovers to perennial
clover plots.
300 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Productivity of mung bean and sesame grown on residual
fertility in multiple cropping systems.
Daliparthy, J.; Chatterjee, B.N.; Mondal, S.S.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1993.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 24
(15/16): p. 2107-2121; 1993. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: India; Cabt; Sesamum indicum; Vigna radiata;
Multiple cropping; Crop yield; Residual effects; Nitrogen;
Phosphorus; Potassium; Fertilizers; Application rates
301 NAL Call. No.: SB298.J66
Productivity of rose (Rosa damascena Mill) with intercrops
under temperate conditions.
Tajuddin; Saproo, M.L.; Yaseen, M.; Husain, A.
Wheaton, Ill. : Allured Publishing Company; 1993 Mar.
Journal of essential oil research : JEOR v. 5 (2): p. 191-198;
1993 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Jammu and kashmir; Rosa damascena; Intercropping;
Crocus sativus; Essential oil plants; Crop yield;
Productivity; Crop quality; Economic analysis; Temperate
climate
Abstract: Eleven rose (Rosa damascena Mill) intercrop systems
were evaluated against pure rose for their productivity
efficiency over three years (1986-88). This study was
conducted under Kashmir conditions. Productivity efficiency of
rose-saffron (Crocus sativus) intercrop system over three
years averaged highest Land Equivalent Ratio (2.16), Area Time
Equivalent Ratio (1.44), and Monetary Equivalent Ratio (0.83)
when compared with other intercrop systems and pure rose. The
system also showed a complimentary relationship due to lowest
aggressivity coefficient over the years of investigations, as
saffron remained dormant during the rose growing period
(March-October). The quality of rose oil did not change due to
intercrops.
302 NAL Call. No.: 10 EX72
Productivity of wheat and alfalfa under intercropping.
Abdel Magid, H.M.; Ghoneim, M.F.; Rabie, R.K.; Sabrah, R.E.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1991 Oct.
Experimental agriculture v. 27 (4): p. 391-395; 1991 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saudi arabia; Triticum aestivum; Medicago sativa;
Field experimentation; Intercropping; Irrigated conditions;
Potassium sulfate; Triple superphosphate; Urea fertilizers;
Crop quality; Crop yield; Protein content
303 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
A progress report on cotton production systems for soil and
energy conservation.
Khalilian, A.; Garner, T.H.; Hood, C.E.; Sullivan, M.J.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1991.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences v. 1: p. 449-452;
1991. Paper presented at the "Cotton Engineering-Systems
Conference," 1991, San Antonio, Texas. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Crop production;
Intercropping
304 NAL Call. No.: S67.E2
Projected costs and returns: rice, soybeans, corn, milo,
wheat, wheat-soybean double crop, crawfish, rice-crawfish
double crop--Louisiana, 1992. Giesler, G.; Heagler, A.;
Baldridge, T.; Huffman, D.; Dellenbarger, L. Baton Rouge, La.
: The Station; 1992 Jan.
A.E.A. information series - Louisiana Agricultural Experiment
Station (101): p. C-1/C-90; 1992 Jan. In the series analytic:
Projected costs and returns and cash flows for major
agricultural enterprises, Louisiana, 1992.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Farm enterprises; Costs; Returns;
Rice; Soybeans; Maize; Sorghum bicolor; Wheat; Crayfish;
Projections
305 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.B563B554
Promoting crop protection by genetic engineering and
conventional plant breeding: problems and prospects.
Woolhouse, H.W.
Wallingford, Oxford, UK : CAB International; 1992.
Biotechnology in agriculture v. 7: p. 249-256; 1992. In the
series analytic: Plant genetic manipulation for crop
protection / edited by A.M.R. Gatehouse, V.A. Hilder and
Boulter, D.
Language: English
Descriptors: Crops; Genetic engineering; Genetic improvement;
Plant breeding; Defense mechanisms; Insect control; Varietal
resistance; Plant viruses; Herbicide resistance; Mixed
cropping; Gene mapping; Breeding programs
306 NAL Call. No.: SB599.C8
Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, Fusarium spp. and
Rhizoctonia cerealis stem rot in pure stands and interspecific
mixtures of cereals. Vilich-Meller, V.
Oxford : Butterworths-Heinemann Ltd; 1992 Feb.
Crop protection v. 11 (1): p. 45-50; 1992 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: German federal republic; Hordeum vulgare;
Triticum aestivum; Avena sativa; Mixed cropping;
Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides; Fusarium; Rhizoctonia
cerealis; Crop mixtures; Fungal diseases; Incidence;
Infections; Plant disease control; Cultural control
307 NAL Call. No.: 1.9 P69P
Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola populations and halo
blight severity in beans grown alone or intercropping with
maize in northern Tanzania. Mabagala, R.B.; Saettler, A.W.
St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society; 1992
Jul. Plant disease v. 76 (7): p. 687-692; 1992 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Tanzania; Phaseolus vulgaris; Zea mays;
Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola; Blight; Populations;
Virulence; Correlation; Continuous cropping; Intercropping;
Population dynamics; Surface layers; Pods; Foliage; Leaves;
Symptoms; Infections; Rain; Air temperature; Moisture;
Retention; Canopy; Temporal variation
308 NAL Call. No.: S1.N32
Put bean fields to bed for winter.
Hofstetter, B.
Emmaus, Pa. : Rodale Institute; 1991 Sep.
The New farm v. 13 (6): p. 34; 1991 Sep.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glycine max; Cover crops; Oversowing
309 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Quantification of symbiotically fixed nitrogen in soil
surrounding alfalfa roots and nodules.
Lory, J.A.; Russelle, M.P.; Heichel, G.H.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Nov.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 84 (6): p.
1033-1040; 1992 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Medicago sativa; Intercropping; Nitrogen
fixation; Soil fertility; Symbiosis; Root nodules; Roots;
Rhizosphere; Nitrogen; Yields; Deposition
Abstract: Symbiotically fixed nitrogen (SFN) can be
transferred from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to intercropped
nonlegumes add succeeding crops. Our objective was to quantify
deposition of SFN from alfalfa roots and nodules to
surrounding soil and to assess its significance in comparison
to reported estimates of legume-nonlegume N transfer. We
quantified net loss of SFN to rhizosphere soil (i.e.
rhizodeposition) at the end of one growing season under field
and greenhouse conditions, using the 15N isotope dilution
technique in soil that had been labeled with 15N 8 yr before
initiation of the experiments. "Saranac" and 'Ineffective
Saranac' alfalfa were transplanted in the field into paired 0.75-
by 1.0-m microplots. In the greenhouse study these two
alfalfas were grown separately in 15-cm diam. by 90-cm long
polyvinylchloride tubes, four plants per tube. Plant organs
were meticulously separated from soil at the end of one
growing season. Soil adhering to roots and nodules was defined
as rhizosphere and nodusphere soil, respectively, and was
separated from the organs by 60 s sonication in 0.08 mol L-1
phosphate buffer. Sympbiotically fixed N was quantified by
comparing the atom % 15N of saranac vs. Ineffective Saranac
for each soil and plant N compartment. Harvested herbage
contained 270 kg SFN ha(-1) in the 135-d field experiment and
55 mg SFN plant(-1) in the 112-d greenhouse experiment.
Symbiotically fixed N was not uniformly distributed in the
Saranac root system. Sampled rhizosphere soil contained no SFN
in the field experiment and equivalent of about 1 kg SFN
ha(-1) in the greenhouse experiment. Over one quarter of
nodusphere soil N was apparently derived from SFN in both
experiments, but amounted to less than 0.5 kg SFN ha(-1) at
the time of harvest. Nitrogen transfer to nonlegumes is often
an order of magnitude larger than net deposition measured
here. Thus it appears that rhizodeposition is a relatively
small component of SFN loss from nodules and roots of alfalfa
grown in monoculture.
310 NAL Call. No.: KyUThesis 1992 Zourarakis
Recovery and residuality of applied N in a corn/soft red
winter wheat/double-crop soybean rotation grown on a well
drained soil.. Recovery and residuality of applied N in a
corn soft red winter wheat double crop soyben rotation grown
in a well drained soil
Zourarakis, Demetrio Periferachis,
1992; 1992.
xx, 277 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm. Includes vita and abstract.
Includes bibliographic references (l. 248-275).
Language: English
Descriptors: Water, Underground; Leaching; Nitrogen
fertilizers
311 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Reduced Empoasca fabae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) density in
oat-alfalfa intercrop systems.
Lamp, W.O.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Feb.
Environmental entomology v. 20 (1): p. 118-126; 1991 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maryland; Medicago sativa; Avena sativa; Empoasca
fabae; Population density; Intercropping; Pest management
Abstract: Potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), is a
major pest of spring-planted alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). In
two experiments, an alfalfa monoculture and an intercrop
(mixture of alfalfa and oat, Avena sativa L.) were evaluated
for their potential for reducing leafhopper densities. The
1988 experiment tested the effects of the intercrop and
leafhopper control, whereas the 1989 experiment tested the
effects of weed control and two oat cultivars differing in
stature. Leafhopper density (number per square meter and
number per 100 alfalfa stems) and various plant parameters
were measured in both experiments. Adult leafhopper densities
per square meter were reduced an average of 82.6% in 1988 and
77.3% in 1989, and densities per 100 stems were reduced an
average of 64.7% in 1988 and 54.5% in 1989, in the intercrop
compared with the alfalfa monoculture, Nymph densities per
square meter were reduced an average of 85.5% in 1988 and
89.5% in 1989, and densities per 100 stems were reduced an
average of 74.8% in 1988 and 82.7% in 1989, in the intercrop
compared with the alfalfa monoculture. The intercrop was
characterized as having reduced alfalfa biomass, reduced
alfalfa stem density, reduced alfalfa maturity (1989 only),
increased alfalfa stem length (1989 only), reduced weed
biomass, and increased shading of alfalfa in comparison with
alfalfa monoculture. Thus, factors that may cause the observed
reduction in leafhopper density may be associated with the
host plant or the habitat condition. The study corroborates
other studies that have shown reduced potato leafhopper
densities in grass-legume mixtures, and suggests that an oat-
alfalfa intercrop may reduce the need for responsive tactics
for leafhopper management on spring-planted alfalfa compared
with the need in alfalfa monoculture.
312 NAL Call. No.: 60.19 B773
Relationship between climatic factors and the dry matter
production of swards of different composition at two
altitudes.
Menzi, H.; Blum, H.; Nosberger, J.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991 Sep.
Grass and forage science : the journal of the British
Grassland Society v. 46 (3): p. 223-230; 1991 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Trifolium repens; Phleum pratense; Grass sward;
Mixed pastures; Lolium perenne; Dactylis glomerata;
Anthoxanthum odoratum; Agrostis; Permanent grasslands; Sown
grasslands; Altitude; Climatic factors; Growth rate; Dry
matter accumulation; Crop yield; Air temperature; Solar
radiation
313 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
Relationships between cover performance and date of fall-
seeding where winter rye was broadcast into a standing potato
crop.
Edwards, L.M.; Sadler, J.M.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1992 Jan.
Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de
phytotechnie v. 72 (1): p. 269-274; 1992 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Prince edward Island; Solanum tuberosum; Secale
cereale; Crop production; Intercropping; Sowing date; Autumn;
Harvesting date; Winter; Companion crops; Cover crops; Sowing
methods
314 NAL Call. No.: 60.19 B773
The relationships between stolon characteristics, winter
survival and annual yields in white clover (Trifolium repens
L.).
Collins, R.P.; Glendining, M.J.; Rhodes, I.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991 Mar.
Grass and forage science : the journal of the British
Grassland Society v. 46 (1): p. 51-61; 1991 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wales; Trifolium repens; Varieties; Populations;
Lolium perenne; Crop mixtures; Crop yield; Seasonal
fluctuations; Winter; Survival; Plant morphology; Stolons;
Leaves
315 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6
Relay-intercropping muskmelons with Scotch pine Christmas
trees using plastic mulch and drip irrigation.
Lamont, W.J.; Hensley, D.L.; Wiest, S.; Gaussoin, R.E.
Alexandria, Va. : The American Society for Horticultural
Science; 1993 Mar. HortScience : a publication of the American
Society for Horticultural Science v. 28 (3): p. 177-178; 1993
Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kansas; Cabt; Intercropping; Relay cropping;
Cucumis melo; Pinus sylvestris; Christmas trees; Mulching;
Plastic film; Trickle irrigation; Returns; Cost benefit
analysis
Abstract: Two systems of relay-intercropping muskmelons
(Cucumis melo L.) with Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)
Christmas trees using black plastic mulch and drip irrigation
were evaluated for their potential to improve cash return.
Returns ranged from a high of $26,200/ha for plastic mulch-
drip irrigation and a selling price of $1.00/melon to a low of
$6900/ha for bare ground-drip irrigation and a selling price
of $0.40/melon. The benefit-cost index ranged from 24 to 3.4,
depending on the system evaluated. Pine growth apparently was
impeded by plastic mulch; however, increased yields of melons
grown under plastic mulch may offset the slight decrease in
pine growth.
316 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 So3
Residual effects of interseeded hairy vetch on soil nitrate-
nitrogen levels. Brown, R.E.; Varvel, G.E.; Shapiro, C.A.
Madison, Wis. : Soil Science Society of America; 1993 Jan.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 57 (1): p. 121-124;
1993 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nebraska; Cabt; Zea mays; Vicia villosa; Cover
crops; Residual effects; Ammonium nitrate; Application rates;
No-tillage; Tillage; Nitrate nitrogen; Surface layers;
Seasonal fluctuations; Nitrogen; Mineralization;
Immobilization; Soil water content
Abstract: Increased use of winter legume cover crops has
renewed interest in legume N mineralization patterns. This
study was conducted to monitor the residual effect of a hairy
vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) cover crop and fertilizer N on
surface soil NO3-N concentration in no-till and conventional-
till corn (Zea mays L.) in northeastern Nebraska on a Nora
silty clay loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Udic Halplustoll).
The experimental design was a split-split-split plot with
three replicates. Main plots of conventional tillage and no-
till were split into 0, 67, and 134 kg N ha-1 with and without
hairy vetch. Soil samples were taken from the 0- to 7.5- and 7.5-
to 15-cm depths five times during the 1987 growing season and
three times in 1988. Inclusion of a hairy vetch cover crop
interseeded during the previous growing season increased soil
NO3-N concentration in the surface 7.5 cm between 50 and 64 d
after corn planting and in the 7.5- to 15-cm soil layer
between 50 and 78 d after corn planting during 1987. In 1988
(a dry growing season), hairy vetch did not significantly
increase soil NO3-N concentration in the 0- to 7.5-cm soil
layer at any sampling time, but did increase soil NO3-N
concentration in the 7.5- to 15-cm depth 103 d after planting.
This increase in soil NO3-N concentration occurred in hairy
vetch plots after silking, which probably resulted in the
additional N not being available for plant growth in 1988.
Increased available N resulting from a legume cover crop like
hairy vetch may be beneficial in N management programs in
lower rainfall areas of the USA when amounts of precipitation
are adequate for plant growth and N mineralization.
317 NAL Call. No.: S596.7.D4
Residual effects of natural bush, Cajanus cajan and Tephrosia
candida on the productivity of an acid soil in southeastern
Nigeria.
Gichuru, M.P.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991.
Developments in plant and soil sciences v. 45: p. 417-422;
1991. In the series analytic: Plant-Soil Interactions at Low
pH / edited by R.J. Wright, V.C. Baligar and R.P. Murrmann.
Proceedings of the Second International Symposium, June 24-29,
1990, Beckley, West Virginia. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nigeria; Acid soils; Ultisols; Intercropping;
Fallow; Cajanus cajan; Tephrosia candida; Legumes; Plant
nutrition; Cycling; Soil management
Abstract: An experiment was established in 1986 to examine
the contribution of Tephrosia candida and Cajanus cajan shrubs
to improving the productivity of an acid soil. The main
treatments were N levels (0 and 60 kg per ha-1) with subplots
of maize/natural bush, maize/tephrosia candida, maize/cajanus
cajan, maize + cassava/natural bush, maize + cassava/Tephrosia
candida, and maize + cassava/Cajanus cajan. In 1988, all plots
were cleared and maize uniformly planted to study the residual
effects of the treatments. No residual effects of N
application were observed. Tephrosia candida and Cajanus cajan
increased surface soil organic carbon and total N levels over
the natural bush. However, only Tephrosia candida plots
produced improved maize grain and stover yield. Highly
significant correlations were found between maize grain yield
and earleaf N (r=0.73 ), grain N (r=0.51 ), and stover N (r =
0.54 ) contents. These results suggest that Tephrosia candida
increased N availability in the soil. Therefore, the shrub has
potential for improving the productivity of acid soils under
traditional systems, where N is limiting due to the absence of
N2-fixing legumes in the natural bush fallow.
318 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Resource use and plant interactions in a rice-mungbean
intercrop. Aggarwal, P.K.; Garrity, D.P.; Liboon, S.P.;
Morris, R.A.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jan.
Agronomy journal v. 84 (1): p. 71-78; 1992 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Philippines; Oryza sativa; Vigna radiata;
Intercropping; Monoculture; Comparisons; Crop yield; Grain;
Nutrient uptake; Nitrogen; Dry matter accumulation; Plant
competition; Interactions; Roots; Shoots; Canopy
Abstract: Intercropping of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) with
short-duration grain legumes has shown promising productivity
and resource use efficiency. To better understand intercrop
relationships, we used above-and underground partitions,
residue removal, and plant removal to investigate the
interactions between upland rice (120-d crop duration) and
mungbean [Vigna radiata (L) Wilczek, 65-d crop duration].
Treatments were evaluated during two rainy seasons on an
unfertilized Typic Tropudalf at Los Banos, Philippines.
Nitrogen uptake by intercropped rice (33.4 and 41.1 kg N ha-1)
approximated that of sole rice (35.4 and 38.1 kg N ha-1).
Intercropped rice yielded 73 to 87% of sole rice and
intercropped mungbeans yielded 59 to 99% of sole mungbean.
Root barriers did not affect rice N uptake or dry matter
accumulation prior to the maturity of the mungbean, but
reduced N uptake, dry matter, and grain yields substantially
by the time of rice harvest. Sole rice with every third row
removed at mungbean harvest had N, grain, and dry matter
yields similar to the intercropped rice with every third row
occupied by the legume. Sole rice with every third row vacant
during the entire growing season yielded similarly (2.6 Mg
h-1) to sole rice (2.3 Mg h-1) and intercropped rice (2.0 Mg
h-1). There was no evidence that N transfer from the legume to
the rice increased N availability to rice above that expected
with a sole rice crop with the same planting scheme. Rice
yield compensation in the intercrop was apparently due to the
increased soil volume for extraction and increased aerial
space available after mungbean vest.
319 NAL Call. No.: S671.A66
Response of double-cropped soybeans to irrigation.
Ritter, W.F.; Scarborough, R.W.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1992 Jan. Applied engineering in agriculture v. 8
(1): p. 17-22; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Delaware; Glycine max; Cultivars; Double
cropping; Sprinkler irrigation; Crop yield;
Evapotranspiration; Economic viability
Abstract: Yield data and evapotranspiration rates were
measured on irrigated and non-irrigated double-cropped
soybeans. In two out of three years irrigated soybean yields
were significantly increased over non-irrigated yields for a
Group III variety. Peak evapotranspiration rates varied from
7.1 to 8.4 mm/day (0.28 to 0.33 in./day). The total amount of
irrigation water applied ranged from 292 to 349 mm (11.5 to
13.7 in.). Based upon soybean prices the last seven years in
Delaware, it would not be profitable to irrigate double-
cropped soybeans unless yields were increased 1056 kg/ha (15.7
bu/ac) and the price of soybeans was $0.28/kg ($7.60/bu).
320 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Response of dryland soybeans to nitrogen in full-season and
doublecrop systems.
Reese, P.F. Jr; Buss, G.R.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Oct.
Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (4): p. 528-531; 1992
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Virginia; Glycine max; Cultivars; Urea ammonium
nitrate; Application rates; Preplanting treatment; Application
date; Flowering; Double cropping; Sole cropping; Responses
321 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Response of Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenee) (Lepidoptera:
Pyralidae) to intercropping.
Litsinger, J.A.; Hasse, V.; Barrion, A.T.; Schmutterer, H.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Aug.
Environmental entomology v. 20 (4): p. 988-1004; 1991 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Philippines; Zea mays; Ostrinia furnacalis;
Population density; Intercropping; Predators of insect pests
Abstract: Four mechanisms within the resource concentration
hypothesis influence Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenee) densities.
Fewer ovipositing moths were attracted to (1) low density
maize (< 20,000 plants/ha) and to (2) small patches (< 325
m2). 3) In small patches more females oviposited in
monocropped than intercropped maize, when offered a choice.
Companion crops may interfere with chemical or visual cues
emanating from maize. (4) The companion crop may act as a
barrier to silk-dispersing first-instar larvae. Plant density
and patch size act independently of intercropping, although
intercrops are often planted at low maize density. However,
the degree of maize borer control from the combined mechanisms
is low and intercropping cannot be recommended as a sole means
of control. Although important, there was no evidence that
intercropping affected natural enemy abundance or that there
was any significance to diurnal microclimatic differences of
an intercrop. Maize borer behavior in small patches has
implications for experimental design of intercropping trials.
322 NAL Call. No.: 450 AN7
Response of populations of Lolium perenne cv. S 23 with
contrasting rates of dark respiration to nitrogen supply and
defoliation regime. 2. Grown as mixtures.
Pilbeam, C.J.; Robson, M.J.
London : Academic Press; 1992 Jan.
Annals of botany v. 69 (1): p. 79-86; 1992 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lolium perenne; Respiration; Nitrogen; Nutrient
requirements; Defoliation; Cutting frequency; Crop yield;
Mixed cropping; Plant competition
Abstract: Two populations of perennial ryegrass cv. S 23,
selected for contrasting rates of mature leaf tissue
respiration, were grown in 50:50 replacement mixtures to
investigate their relative competitive abilities in a range of
conditions. The 18 mixed simulated swards were subject to
three levels of nitrogen supply (14.5. 32 and 173.5 ppm) from
establishment, and to three cutting frequencies (at 1-, 3- and
6-week intervals), 7 weeks after sowing. The slow-respiring
population yielded more than the fast. This superiority was
greater in mixtures (50%) than in monocultures (10%). Its
superiority was as great in weekly-cut swards (51%), where
there was little or no aerial competition, as in 6-weekly-cut
swards (50%), where shoot interference was maximal, indicating
that its advantage lay in below-ground competition. The
limiting resource for which competition occurred could not be
positively identified.
323 NAL Call. No.: 80 J825
Response of tomato and okra to nitrogen fertilizer in sole
cropping and intercropping with cowpea.
Olasantan, F.O.
Ashford : Headley Brothers Ltd; 1991 Mar.
The Journal of horticultural science v. 66 (2): p. 191-199;
1991 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nigeria; Lycopersicon esculentum; Abelmoschus
esculentus; Intercropping; Vigna unguiculata; Nitrogen
fertilizers; Yield response functions; Application rates
324 NAL Call. No.: S590.S65
Restoration of eroded soil with conservation tillage.
Langdale, G.W.; West, L.T.; Bruce, R.R.; Miller, W.P.; Thomas,
A.W. Cremlingen-Destedt, W. Ger. : CATENA Verlag; 1992 Mar.
Soil technology v. 5 (1): p. 81-90; 1992 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Trifolium incarnatum; Sorghum bicolor;
Ultisols; Eroded soils; Soil variability; Rill erosion;
Interrill erosion; Runoff; Losses from soil systems; Crop
residues; Conservation tillage; No-tillage; Tillage;
Continuous cropping; Double cropping; Irrigation; Dry farming;
Fallow; Fertilizer requirement determination; Crop yield;
Grain; Soil organic matter; Soil fertility; Soil conservation
325 NAL Call. No.: S592.17.A73A74
Revegetation status of reclaimed abandoned mined land in
western North Dakota. Gardiner, D.T.
Washington, DC : Taylor & Francis; 1993 Jan.
Arid soil research and rehabilitation v. 7 (1): p. 79-84; 1993
Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Dakota; Elymus trachycaulus; Elymus
elongatus; Stipa viridula; Bouteloua curtipendula; Melilotus
officinalis; Gramineae; Salsola iberica; Weeds; Mined land;
Abandoned land; Reclamation; Disturbed soils; Revegetation;
Seed mixtures; Population dynamics; Colonizing ability;
Temporal variation; Npk fertilizers; Top dressings; Plant
density; Survival; Dry matter accumulation; Soil salinity;
Soil ph; Land productivity; Semiarid climate; Drilling
326 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883
Rice ratoon crop yield linked to main crop stem carbohydrates.
Turner, F.T.; Jund, M.F.
Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America; 1993 Jan.
Crop science v. 33 (1): p. 150-153; 1993 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Oryza sativa; Cultivars; Ratooning; Crop
yield; Double cropping; Stems; Carbohydrates; Nitrogen
fertilizers; Top dressings; Heading; Filling period;
Correlated traits
Abstract: Ratooning of rice (Oryza sativa L.) may be
agronomically possible in climates where the crop season is to
short too produce two rice crops, but factors influencing
ratoon rice yields are not well understood. The influence of
main crop total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) and main crop
N topdressing on ratoon crop yield of four contrasting field-
grown rice cultivars were evaluated in Texas during 1988 and
1989. Allowing panicles to develop normally or removing the
upper two-thirds of each main crop panicle 10 d after initial
main crop beading created a range in TNC of the culm and
leaves during later stages of main crop development for
determining TNC effects on ratooning. Nitrogen applied 10 d
after initial main crop heading corrected any possible N
deficiency, but did not increase main crop yield, TNC, or
ratoon crop yield, indicating no benefits to N applied
immediately after main crop beading. During main crop grain
filling, culm and leaf TNC levels of plants with normal
panicles decreased to low levels (0-90 g kg-1), then gradually
increased and ranged from 40 to 170 g kg-1 at harvest. In
contrast, TNC in culms and leaves of plants with incomplete
panicles gradually increased during main crop grain filling
reaching 140 to 310 g kg-1 at main crop harvest. Main crop
plants with elevated TNC levels produced ratoon yields up to
5.3 Mg ha-1, averaging 48 and 33% higher than plants with low
TNC at main crop harvest in 1988 and 1989, respectively. These
data illustrate a moderate positive correlation (R2 = 0.66)
between ratoon yields and TNC in culm and leaves at main crop
harvest for effects due to years, panicle removal, and
cultivars.
327 NAL Call. No.: HD1401.A47
Risk preference and optimal crop combinations in upland Java,
Indonesia: an application of stochastic programming.
Nanseki, T.; Morooka, Y.
Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1991 Jan.
Agricultural economics : the journal of the International
Association of Agricultural Economics v. 5 (1): p. 39-58; 1991
Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Java; Soybeans; Farming systems; Farmers'
attitudes; Stochastic programming; Economic evaluation; Risk;
Returns; Optimization methods; Upland areas; Cropping systems;
Mathematical models
Abstract: A stochastic programming model was used to evaluate
the economic performance of a soybean-based farming system in
upland Java. The model incorporates farmers' risk preferences,
revenue fluctuations and resources restrictions. The results
show that (1) changes in risk preference do affect the optimal
crop combination, and (2) the typical cropping pattern is
rational under the present level of the farmers' risk
preference estimated in the study site.
328 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Role of movement in the response of natural enemies to
agroecosystem diversification: a theoretical evaluation.
Corbett, A.; Plant, R.E.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1993 Jun.
Environmental entomology v. 22 (3): p. 519-531; 1993 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Biological control agents; Parasitoids; Movement;
Vegetation management; Models; Interplanting
Abstract: Studies of the response of natural enemies to
vegetational diversity suggest that movement behavior plays an
important role in determining natural enemy abundance in
diversified agroecosystems. A simple mathematical model for
the response of natural enemies to interplanted strip
vegetation is developed based on the assumption that natural
enemy movement can be represented as a diffusion process.
Attractiveness of interplanted strips, resulting from strip
vegetation having an abundance of resources, is represented by
natural enemies having lower diffusion rates in the strips.
Results of simulations with the model suggest that
interplanted vegetation acts as a source of natural enemies
when natural enemies colonize strip vegetation before crop
germination, but acts as a sink when crop and interplanted
vegetation germinate simultaneously. The magnitude of this
effect varies with natural enemy mobility. Spatial patterns
exhibited by natural enemies will be influenced by mobility
and do not reliably indicate whether or not augmentation is
occurring. There is a strong interaction between natural enemy
mobility and experimental design, suggesting that the results
of small-scale studies with agroecosystem diversification must
be interpreted with caution. The ability of our model to
account for much of the variability in natural enemy responses
to diversification suggests that this variability may be
caused by an interaction between natural enemy movement and
system design rather than by fundamental differences in
natural enemy behavior.
329 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Row orientation and planting pattern of relay intercropped
soybean and wheat. Duncan, S.R.; Schapaugh, W.T. Jr
Madison, WI : American Society of Agronomy, c1987-; 1993 Jul.
Journal of production agriculture v. 6 (3): p. 360-364; 1993
Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glycine max; Triticum aestivum; Winter wheat;
Relay cropping; Intercropping; Row spacing; Planting;
Patterns; Interspecific competition; Crop production
330 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Ryegrass companion crops for alfalfa establishment. I. Forage
yield and alfalfa suppresion.
Sulc, R.M.; Albrecht, K.A.; Casler, M.D.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1993 Jan.
Agronomy journal v. 85 (1): p. 67-74; 1993 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Medicago sativa; Crop establishment; Companion
crops; Lolium multiflorum; Crop yield; Forage; Cultivars;
Lolium; Sowing rates; Crop mixtures; Crop density;
Interspecific competition; Plant competition; Lolium perenne;
Species differences
Abstract: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is often established
with a small grain companion crop in the northcentral USA.
Information on alternative companion crop species is limited.
This study was conducted to evaluate forage yield and alfalfa
establishment when ryegrasses (Lolium spp.) are used as
companion crops. Five ryegrass cultivars representing four
species were sown at 215, 430, and 645 seeds m-2 with alfalfa
at two locations in Wisconsin in April of 1988, 1989, and
1990. Alfalfa was also established alone or with oat (Avena
sativa L. 'Ensiler'). Three harvest schedules, based on oat
maturity at the first harvest, were imposed during the seeding
year. The ryegrass-alfalfa mixtures usually had lower forage
yields in the seeding year than the oat companion treatment.
But mixtures with the diploid annual ryegrass (L. multiflorum
Lam. 'Surrey') yielded up to 1.17 Mg ha-1 more than the oat
companion treatment in environments with adequate rainfall.
When rainfall was limiting during early establishment, alfalfa
predominated in all ryegrass-alfalfa mixtures and forage yield
and alfalfa plant density the next year were excellent in the
ryegrass companion treatments. Ryegrass was very competitive
with alfalfa in seeding years with adequate rainfall, and
forage yield and alfalfa plant density the next year varied
considerably with ryegrass cultivar, ryegrass seeding rate,
and harvest schedule. The diploid annual ryegrass (Surrey)
sown at 215 seeds m-2 was the most suitable ryegrass companion
crop for alfalfa establishment because it established rapidly,
produced high forage yields in the establishment year, and had
the least detrimental effect on forage yield and alfalfa plant
density the year after seeding.
331 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Ryegrass companion crops for alfalfa establishment. II. Forage
quality in the seedling year.
Sulc, R.M.; Albrecht, K.A.; Casler, M.D.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1993 Jan.
Agronomy journal v. 85 (1): p. 75-80; 1993 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Medicago sativa; Crop establishment; Companion
crops; Lolium perenne; Lolium; Lolium multiflorum; Avena
sativa; Cultivars; Sowing rates; Crop mixtures; Forage;
Nutritive value; Crop quality; Crude protein; Fiber content;
Harvesting date
Abstract: Ryegrass (Lolium spp.) use in the northcentral USA
has been limited by its lack of winterhardiness. But potential
exists for its use in this region as a companion crop for
alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) establishment. This study was
conducted to determine nutritional value of forage from
ryegrass-alfalfa mixtures in the seeding year. Five ryegrass
cultivars, representing four species, were sown at 215, 430,
and 645 seeds per square meter with alfalfa at two locations
in Wisconsin in April of 1988, 1989, and 1990. Alfalfa was
also established alone and with oat (Avena sativa L.
'Ensiler'). Forage from mixtures of annual ryegrass (L.
multiflorum Lam.) was usually lower in crude protein (CP)
concentration and higher in fiber concentration (neutral- and
acid-detergent fiber) than forage from intermediate ryegrass
(L. hybridum Hausskn.) or perennial ryegrass (L. perenne L.
and Festulolium braunii K. A.) mixtures. A threefold increase
in ryegrass seeding rate usually reduced nutritional value of
the forage. At the first harvest, forage from all ryegrass-
alfalfa mixtures was higher in CP concentration and lower in
fiber concentration than the oat-alfalfa forage. At subsequent
harvests, the nutritional value of ryegrass-alfalfa forage was
inferior to that of forage regrowth in the oat companion crop
seeding, except in dry environments when alfalfa predominated
in the ryegrass-alfalfa mixtures. We conclude that ryegrass-
alfalfa mixtures in the northcentral USA can provide forage
with higher nutritional value than oat companion crop seedings
at the first harvest in the establishment year, but not at
subsequent harvests, especially when adequate rainfall
promotes vigorous ryegrass growth.
332 NAL Call. No.: 99.8 F7623
Salicaceae family trees in sustainable agroecosystems.
Licht, L.A.
Ottawa : Canadian Institute of Forestry; 1992 Apr.
The Forestry chronicle v. 68 (2): p. 214-217; 1992 Apr. Paper
presented at "Contribution of Salicaceae Family to
Ameliorating our Environment." Joint Popular Council of
Canada/US Popular Council Annual Meeting held Sept. 26-29,
1991, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Salicaceae; Populus; Sustainability; Strip
cropping; Groundwater; Water quality; Nitrates; Nitrogen;
Nutrient uptake; Ecosystems
Abstract: Research at the University of Iowa is testing the
ECOLOTREE BUFFER, a prototype wooded buffer strip planted
between a creek and row-cropped land with roots grown
intentionally deep enough to intersect the near-surface water
table. This project demonstrates that Populus spp. trees
cultured by using this technique are both ecologically
sustaining and productive. Measured data prove that nitrate is
removed from near-surface groundwater and that the nitrogen
uptake is present as protein in the leaves and the woody
stems. The tree's physiological attributes contribute to a
harvested value that can "pay its way"; these include fast
wood growth, cut-stem rooting, resprouting from a stump,
phreatophytic roots, and a high protein content in the leaves.
The wooded riparian strip changes the local agroecosystem by
reducing fertilizer nutrients causing surface water
eutrophication, by diversifying wildlife habitat, by reducing
soils erosion caused by wind and water, by diversifying the
crop base, by creating an aesthetic addition in the landscape.
This idea is a potential technique for managing non-point
source pollutants created by modern farming practices.
333 NAL Call. No.: aSB205.S7S6
Screening of new soybean varieties for Cukurova ecological
conditions as a double crop.
Arslan, M.; Arioglu, H.
Ames, Iowa : The Service; 1991.
Soybean genetics newsletter - U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Agricultural Research Service v. 18: p. 169-173; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Turkey; Glycine; Cultivars; Double cropping;
Triticum
334 NAL Call. No.: S590.S65
Seasonal and crop effects on soil loss and rainfall retention
probabilities: an example from the U.S. Southern Piedmont.
Mills, W.C.; Thomas, A.W.; Langdale, G.W.
Cremlingen-Destedt, W. Ger. : CATENA Verlag; 1992 Mar.
Soil technology v. 5 (1): p. 67-79; 1992 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Hapludults; Watersheds; Erosion; Soil
water retention; Rain; Runoff; Infiltration; Losses from soil
systems; Risk; Probability; Probability analysis; Slope; Grass
waterways; Terraces; Seasonal fluctuations; Winter; Summer;
Zea mays; Glycine max; Secale cereale; Fallow; Multiple
cropping; Conservation tillage; Tillage; Planning; Crop
production; Computer analysis
335 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 OK41C
Seedbed preparation.
Huhnke, R.
Stillwater, Okla. : The Service; 1991 Apr.
Circular E - Oklahoma State University, Cooperative Extension
Service v.): p. 14-15; 1991 Apr. In series analytic: Alfalfa
integrated management in Oklahoma.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oklahoma; Medicago sativa; Seedbed preparation;
Companion crops; Planting; Drills; Aerial sowing; Sowing
methods
336 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Seeding patterns affect grass and alfalfa yield in mixtures.
Sheaffer, C.C.; Marten, G.C.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jul.
Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (3): p. 328-332; 1992
Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Medicago sativa; Dactylis glomerata; Bromus
inermis; Phalaris arundinacea; Phleum pratense; Seed mixtures;
Spatial distribution; Sowing; Dry matter accumulation;
Botanical composition
337 NAL Call. No.: 26 T754
Selection and evaluation of potential wheat cultivars for
doubl-cropping under irrigation in Awash Valley, Ethiopia.
Straw yield and quality as affected by duration of growing
period.
Mohammed, J.
London : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Apr.
Tropical agriculture v. 69 (2): p. 186-190; 1992 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ethiopia; Triticum; Cultivars; Crop yield; Double
cropping; Irrigated conditions; Wheat straw
338 NAL Call. No.: QR89.7.A34 1990
Selection of soybean cultivars for a mixed cropping system in
Nigeria using the 15N dilution technique.
Okereke, G.U.; Eaglesham, A.R.J.
Chichester : Wiley; 1992.
Biological nitrogen fixation and sustainability of tropical
agriculture : proc of the 4th International Conf of the
African Assoc for Biological Nitrogen Fixation, held at the
Int Inst of Trop Agric, Nigeria, 24-28 Sept 1990. p. 289-296;
1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nigeria; Glycine max; Mixed cropping; Nitrogen;
Isotope dilution; Nitrogen fixation
339 NAL Call. No.: SB317.5.H68
Sequential cropping for vegetable production using
microirrigation on sandy soils in southwestern Florida.
Stanley, C.D.; Csizinszky, A.A.; Clark, G.A.; Prevatt, J.W.
Alexandria, VA : American Society for Horticultural Science;
1991 Oct. HortTechnology v. 1 (1): p. 72-76; 1991 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Vegetables; Microirrigation; Cropping
systems; Double cropping; Crop yield; Sandy soils
340 NAL Call. No.: S587.T47
Shading ability, grain yield and grain quality of organically
grown cultivars of winter wheat.
Thompson, A.J.; Gooding, M.J.; Davies, W.P.
London : Association of Applied Biologists; 1992 May.
Tests of agrochemicals and cultivars (13): p. 86-87; 1992 May.
Supplement to Annals of applied biology, volume 120. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Winter wheat; Cultivars; Seed
mixtures; Stellaria media; Veronica; Lamium purpureum;
Varietal reactions; Crop weed competition; Competitive
ability; Shade; Crop yield; Grain; Crop quality; Assessment
341 NAL Call. No.: 26 T754
Significance of intercropped range legumes in nitrogen
economy, biomass potential and protein enrichment of
Chrysopogon fulvus.
Dwivedi, G.K.; Kanodia, K.C.; Sinha, N.C.
London : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Jul.
Tropical agriculture v. 68 (3): p. 255-258; 1991 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Uttar pradesh; Chrysopogon fulvus; Intercropping;
Intercrops; Nitrogen cycle; Pasture legumes; Plant proteins;
Range management; Soil fertility; Biomass production; Dry
matter accumulation
342 NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3
Simulation of yield distributions in millet-cowpea
intercropping. Lowenberg-DeBoer, J.; Krause, M.; Deuson, R.;
Reddy, K.C.
Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1991.
Agricultural systems v. 36 (4): p. 471-487; 1991. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Niger; Millets; Vigna unguiculata; Growth models;
Simulation models; Crop yield; Intercropping; Crop production;
Innovations; Risk; Economic analysis
343 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Small-grain equivalent of mixed vegetation for wind erosion
control and prediction.
Skidmore, E.L.; Nelson, R.G.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jan.
Agronomy journal v. 84 (1): p. 98-101; 1992 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wind erosion; Erosion control; Ground vegetation;
Row spacing; Row orientation; Crop residues; Crop mixtures;
Equations; Mathematical models; Prediction
Abstract: Control and prediction of wind erosion require
knowledge of the effectiveness of surface vegetative cover.
The effectiveness is usually referenced to as small-grain
equivalent. The procedure used to convert mixed vegetation to
small-grain equivalent was found faulty. Improper weighting of
regression coefficients caused the conversion procedure
predict that adding crop residue decreased small-grain
equivalent. Therefore, the purpose of this analysis was to
improve the conversion of mixed vegetation to a small-grain
equivalent. The new expression derived for this purpose gave a
logical conversion where the previous procedure failed. It did
not predict a decreasing small-grain equivalent with increased
soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] residue in the 0 to 300 kg/ha
range as did the former method. Applied to the same data that
were used for testing the previous procedure, the new
procedure reduced the error by almost 50%. The new procedure
improves the conversion of mixed vegetation to small-grain
equivalent.
344 NAL Call. No.: HD1401.W675 no.243
Socio-economic evaluation of intercropped Grevillea on small-
scale farms in Kerugoya district, Kenya a minor field study.
Ling, Erik
Uppsala : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,
International Rural Development Centre,; 1993.
30 p. : ill., map ; 30 cm. (Working paper (Sveriges
lantbruksuniversitet. International Rural Development Centre)
; 243.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 30).
Language: English
345 NAL Call. No.: 60.19 B773
Sodium fertilizer application to pasture. 1. Direct and
residual effects on pasture production and composition.
Chiy, P.C.; Phillips, C.J.C.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications,; 1993 Jun.
Grass and forage science : the journal of the British
Grassland Society v. 48 (2): p. 189-202; 1993 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Uk; Cabt; Lolium perenne; Trifolium repens; Mixed
pastures; Grass sward; Sodium fertilizers; Application rates;
Residual effects; Herbage; Plant composition; Nutrient uptake;
Crop quality; Nutritive value; In vitro digestibility; Dry
matter accumulation
346 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.A43
Soil and crop management effects on soil quality indicators.
Karlen, D.L.; Eash, N.S.; Unger, P.W.
Greenbelt, Md. : Institute for Alternative Agriculture; 1992.
American journal of alternative agriculture v. 7 (1/2): p.
48-55; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Soil fertility; Soil management; Soil analysis;
Assessment; Crop management; Soil texture; Conservation
tillage; Rotations; Cover crops; Strip cropping; Grass
clippings
Abstract: People are becoming more aware that our soil
resources are as vulnerable to degradation as air or water,
but criteria are needed to learn how soil quality is changing.
Our objectives in this review are: (1) to illustrate that
interactions between human and natural factors determine soil
quality; (2) to identify indicators that can be used to
evaluate human-induced effects on soil quality; and (3) to
suggest soil and crop management strategies that will sustain
or improve soil quality. The physical, chemical, and
biological processes and interactions within the soil are
critical factors affecting all indicators of soil quality. The
biological processes are especially important because they
provide much of the resiliency or buffering capacity to
ameliorate stress. Presumably, no single soil or crop
management practice will guarantee improved soil quality, but
conservation tillage, cover crops, and crop rotations are
practices that may be effective. Alley or narrow-strip
cropping may facilitate adoption of several of those agronomic
practices and increase temporal and spatial diversity across
the landscape. To maintain or possibly improve soil quality
and simultaneously address a growing waste disposal problem,
we suggest that urban lawn and newspaper waste be evaluated as
carbon sources. We conclude that the most critical factor,
regardless of the soil and crop management strategy, is to
recognize that carbon is an essential element for improving
soil quality in the U.S. and around the world.
347 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T
Soil compaction and crop response to wheat/soybean
interseeding. Khalilian, A.; Hood, C.E.; Palmer, J.H.; Garner,
T.H.; Bathke, G.R. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of
Agricultural Engineers; 1991 Nov. Transactions of the ASAE v.
34 (6): p. 2299-2303; 1991 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Carolina; Triticum; Glycine max; Soil
compaction; Tillage; Intercropping; Crop yield
Abstract: Tests were conducted in Coastal Plain soils for
three years to determine proper fall primary tillage for a
system that supports interseeding soybean into standing wheat.
The residual effects of various tillage systems and controlled
traffic on soybean yield, crop response, and hardpan formation
were determined. Use of a Paratill greatly reduced soil
compaction, especially in the E horizon. For each tillage
system, there were no significant differences in cone index
values measured two and eight months after tillage in non-
traffic rows. A good correlation between average soil cone
index in the E horizon and soybean root length was
demonstrated. Deep tillage significantly increased wheat and
soybean yields. Interseeded soybean consistently yielded more
than double-cropped soybean planted after wheat harvest at
irrigated and non-irrigated locations. Due to controlled
traffic patterns associated with the interseeding system, only
one deep tillage operation before small grain seeding is
required for the wheat/soybean double-cropping system. The
residual effect of deep tillage operations will extend for one
additional year when interseeding is practiced in coastal
plain soils.
348 NAL Call. No.: QH84.8.B46
Soil management problems in multiply cropped paddy fields in
China. Li, S.Y.
Berlin : Springer International; 1991.
Biology and fertility of soils v. 12 (3): p. 213-216; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: China; Oryza sativa; Triticum aestivum; Brassica
napus; Hordeum vulgare; Multiple cropping; Problem analysis;
Soil management; Tillage; Compound fertilizers; Crop yield;
Organic fertilizers
349 NAL Call. No.: FuLD1780 1991.C541
Soil moisture changes and maize productivity under alley
cropping with leucaena and flemingia hedgerows in semi-arid
conditions in Lusaka, Zambia. Chirwa, Paxie Wanangwa,
1991; 1991.
x, 110 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm. Vita. Includes bibliographical
references (leaves 105-109).
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Hedgerow intercropping; Corn; Leucaena
350 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Soil penetrometer resistance and bulk density relationships
after long-term no tilage.
Vazquez, L.; Myhre, D.L.; Hanlon, E.A.; Gallaher, R.N.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 2
(19/20): p. 2101-2117; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Avena sativa; Glycine max; Sandy soils;
Soil compaction; Penetrometers; Resistance to penetration;
Bulk density; Measurement; Soil strength; Soil density;
Correlation; Double cropping; Rotations; Tillage; No-tillage;
Subsoiling; Soil depth; Soil water content; Field capacity;
Trafficability
351 NAL Call. No.: S540.A2F62
Soil test and crop responses to tillage, lime, and K in a
wheat-crop double crop system.
Lang, T.A.; Gallaher, R.N.
Gainesville, Fla. : The Stations; 1991.
Agronomy research report AY - Agricultural Experiment
Stations, University of Florida (91-07): 10 p.; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Zea mays; Triticum aestivum; Tillage;
Lime; Potassium; Crop yield; Nutrient content; Soil test
values; Statistics
352 NAL Call. No.: QH84.8.B46
Sources of nitrogen and yield advantages for monocropping and
mixed cropping with cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata L.) and upland
rice (Oryza sativa L.). Okereke, G.U.; Ayama, N.
Berlin : Springer International; 1992 Aug.
Biology and fertility of soils v. 13 (4): p. 225-228; 1992
Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nigeria; Vigna unguiculata; Oryza sativa; Upland
rice; Continuous cropping; Mixed cropping; Nitrogen
fertilizers; Nitrogen fixation; Nutrient uptake; Crop yield;
Isotope labeling; Nitrogen
353 NAL Call. No.: ArUSB205.S7J32 1991
Soybean blends and pure-lines in multiple cropping with wheat.
Jacques, Sorel
1991; 1991.
ix, 142 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm. May 1991. Includes
bibliographical references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Soybean; Multiple cropping; Wheat
354 NAL Call. No.: SB205.S7S645
Soybeans: relay intercropping with wheat.
Palmer, J.H.; Hood, C.; Wallace, S.U.; Khalilian, A.; Porter,
P. Clemson, S.C. : Cooperative Extension Service, Clemson
University; 1993 Jun. Soybean leaflet / (10): 4 p.; 1993 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glycine max; Triticum aestivum; Intercropping;
Seed drills; Crop yield; Crop production; Guidelines
355 NAL Call. No.: SB379.A9A9
Specialty fruit irrigation.
Engle, M.
Carpinteria, Calif. : Rincon Information Management
Corporation; 1992 Dec. California grower v. 16 (12): p. 36;
1992 Dec.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Tropical fruits; Irrigation; Water
requirements; Drought resistance; Companion crops; Cost
benefit analysis
356 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
Stability of forage yield of alfalfa clones grown with five
associate species. Rumbaugh, M.D.; Pendery, B.M.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1991 Apr.
Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de
phytotechnie v. 71 (2): p. 453-459; 1991 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Medicago sativa; Agropyron cristatum; Thinopyrum;
Elymus hispidus; Elymus repens; Psathyrostachys juncea; Plant
breeding; Clones; Selection; Variety trials; Crop yield; Crop
density; Companion crops; Plant competition
357 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 J822
Stale seedbed production of soybeans with a wheat cover crop.
Elmore, C.D.; Wesley, R.A.; Heatherly, L.G.
Ankeny, Iowa : Soil and Water Conservation Society of America;
1992 Mar. Journal of soil and water conservation v. 47 (2): p.
187-190; 1992 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Glycine max; Triticum; Double
cropping; Ground cover; Seedbeds; Clay soils
358 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1I66
Strip intercropping for biological control.
Grossman, J.; Quarles, W.
Berkeley, Calif. : Bio-Integral Resource Center; 1993 Apr.
The IPM practitioner v. 15 (4): p. 1-11; 1993 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Integrated pest management; Intercropping;
Biological control; History; Cost benefit analysis; Biological
control agents; Overwintering; Insect pests; Lobularia
maritima; Brassica; Medicago sativa; Beneficial insects
359 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 IO9PA
Strip intercropping rotations.
Cruse, R.M.
Ames, Iowa : The Service; 1992 Jan.
PM - Iowa State University, Cooperative Extension Service
(1467): p. 39-44; 1992 Jan.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Strip cropping; Rotations; Energy
conservation; Crop yield; Land use
360 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 IO9PA
Strip intercropping rotations.
Cruse, R.M.
Ames, Iowa : The Service; 1991 Jan.
PM - Iowa State University, Cooperative Extension Service
(1417): p. 59-62; 1991 Jan. In the series analytic:
Integrated Farm Management Demonstration Program. 1990
Progress Report.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Strip cropping; Rotations; Demonstration
farms; Yields
361 NAL Call. No.: QH426.C8
Structure and expression of the rice mitochondrial
apocytochrome b gene (cob-1) and pseudogene (cob-2).
Kaleikau, E.K.; Andre, C.P.; Walbot, V.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992.
Current genetics v. 22 (6): p. 463-470; 1992. The accession
numbers 170064 and 533699 do not conform to standard format.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oryza sativa; Mitochondrial DNA; Structural
genes; Pseudogenes; Cytochrome b; Apoproteins; Nucleotide
sequences; Transcription; Promoters; Messenger RNA; Gene
expression; Molecular conformation
Abstract: Rice mitochondrial DNA contains an intact copy and
a pseudogene copy of a apocytochrome b gene (cob-1 and cob-2,
respectively). Using primer extension and capping analyses,
the transcriptional start site has been mapped; an 11-base
motif at the transcription start site closely matches the
consensus promoter motifs proposed for maize, wheat and
soybean mitochondrial genes. Although both copies are
identical in the 5' upstream region and through most of the
coding region, only cob-1-specific mRNA is detected on RNA
gel-blots. Run-on transcription analysis indicates, however,
that both cob-1 and cob-2 mRNAs are synthesized in vivo but
less cob-2 is accumulated. At its mapped 3' terminus the cob-1
transcript possesses a sequence that could fold into a double
stem-loop structure. The possible roles of a double stem-loop
structure in mitochondrial gene expression are discussed.
362 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1P3
Studies on cowpea farming practices in Nigeria, with emphasis
on insect pest control.
Alghali, A.M.
London : Taylor & Francis; 1991 Jan.
Tropical pest management v. 37 (1): p. 71-74; 1991 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nigeria; Vigna unguiculata; Farm surveys;
Questionnaires; Perception; Insect control; Intercropping;
Integrated control; Integrated pest management
363 NAL Call. No.: 26 T754
Studies on intercropping with silk cotton trees (Ceiba
pentandra (L.) Gaertn.).
Suresh, K.K.; Vinaya Rai, R.S.
Guildford : Butterworth Scientific; 1991 Jan.
Tropical agriculture v. 68 (1): p. 37-40. ill; 1991 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Tamil nadu; Agroforestry; Ceiba pentandra; Field
crops; Fodder plants; Grasses; Intercropping; Monoculture;
Cultivars; Crop yield; Fertilizers; Spacing
364 NAL Call. No.: 10 J822
A study of root and shoot interactions between cereals and
peas in mixtures. Tofinga, M.P.; Paolini, R.; Snaydon, R.W.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1993 Feb.
The Journal of agricultural science v. 120 (pt.1): p. 13-24;
1993 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: England; Pisum sativum; Triticum; Hordeum
vulgare; Crop mixtures; Cultivars; Interactions; Roots;
Shoots; Yield components; Biological competition; Biomass
production
365 NAL Call. No.: QK867.I68 1991
Study on nutrient limiting factors in wheat-maize cropping
system in three selected soils.
Wang, Z.L.; Jin, J.Y.; Gao, G.L.; Wang, L.C.; Lin, B.
Hong Kong? : Potash and Phosphate Institute?, 1991? :.; 1991.
International Symposium on the Role of Sulphur, Magnesium and
Micronutrients in Balanced Plant Nutrition / sponsors, the
Potash and Phosphate Institute of Canada ... [et al.] [Sam
Portch, editor]. p. 107-116; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Plant nutrition; Nutrient requirements; Soil
amendments; Triticum; Maize; Mixed cropping
366 NAL Call. No.: SB193.F59
Successful winter pasture from cereal rye broadcast planted
into bermudagrass residue.
Dalrymple, R.L.; Flatt, B.; Mitchell, R.L.
Columbia, Mo. : American Forage and Grassland Council; 1991.
Proceedings of the Forage and Grassland Conference. p.
114-117; 1991. Meeting held April 1-4, 1991, Columbia,
Missouri.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sown grasslands; Mixed pastures; Winter; Secale
cereale; Oversowing; Cynodon dactylon
367 NAL Call. No.: SB599.C8
Survivorship of the cassava whiteflies Aleurotrachelus
socialis and Trialeurodes variabilis (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)
under different cropping systems in Colombia.
Gold, C.S.; Altieri, M.A.; Bellotti, A.C.
Guildford : Butterworths; 1991 Aug.
Crop protection v. 10 (4): p. 305-309; 1991 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Colombia; Manihot esculenta; Vigna unguiculata;
Zea mays; Monoculture; Intercropping; Cultivars; Varietal
susceptibility; Pest resistance; Aleyrodidae; Trialeurodes;
Developmental stages; Survival; Population dynamics; Natural
enemies; Parasites of insect pests; Predators of insect pests
368 NAL Call. No.: SB197.A1T7
Sustaining productive pastures in the tropics. 4. Augmenting
native pasture with legumes.
Miller, C.P.; Stockwell, T.G.H.
St Lucia : Tropical Grassland Society of Australia; 1991 Jun.
Tropical grasslands v. 25 (2): p. 98-103; 1991 Jun. Paper
presented at the "Fourth Australian Conference on Tropical
Pastures," November, 1990, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Australia; Tropical grasslands; Natural
grasslands; Pastures; Grassland improvement; Oversowing; Sown
grasslands; Leguminosae; Stand establishment; Nutritive value;
Forage; Grazing; Animal production; Botanical composition;
Sustainability; Stocking rate; Productivity
369 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Sward dynamics and herbage nutritional value of alfalfa-
ryegrass mixtures. Jung, G.A.; Shaffer, J.A.; Rosenberger,
J.L.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Sep.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (5): p. 786-794; 1991 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Medicago sativa; Lolium perenne;
Crop mixtures; Sowing rates; Seasonal development; Tillering;
Stand characteristics; Dynamics; Herbage; Nutritive value;
Botanical composition; Yields; Dry matter; Stand establishment
Abstract: No grass species has proven to be well suited as a
companion grass in binary mixtures with alfalfa, Medicago
sativa L., over a wide range of environments and management
practices. Two trials were conducted with alfalfa and
perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L., as binary mixtures and
monocultures in Pennsylvania, USA (41 degrees N, 77 degrees
30'W) to determine the influence of seeding rate and
phenological development and tillering potential of ryegrass
on sward dynamics and herbage nutritional value. The
experiment was seeded on Hagerstown silt loam (fine, mixed,
mesic Typic Hapludalfs) soil in August 1983 and 1984 to
determine consistency of sward dynamics of stands seeded in
different years. Field plots were harvested in late May and
after 35-d intervals in summer, and 45 d in fall. Near
infrared reflectance spectroscopy was used to estimate
botanical composition of the mixtures. Nitrogen concentration
and in vitro dry matter disappearance determinations were made
on freeze-dried herbage for 2 yr from one of the two trials.
Botanical composition of alfalfa-perennial ryegrass mixtures
was influenced more by ryegrass seeding rate than by alfalfa
seeding rate. The influence of alfalfa and ryegrass seeding
rates on botanical composition was particularly large during
stand establishment and the first crop year. Alfalfa became
the dominant species within 1 yr in all mixtures in both
trials even when conditions heavily favored ryegrass during
stand establishment. Annual yield of digestible dry matter was
maximized at 9.9 Mg ha-1 when alfalfa and perennial ryegrass
were seeded at approximately 15 and 11 kg ha-1, respectively.
Weed content of the mixtures was inversely related to seeding
rate of ryegrass.
370 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792
Sward growth of monocultures and binary mixtures of phalaris,
lucerne, white clover and subterranean clover under two
defoliation regimes. Hill, M.J.
East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial
Research Organization; 1991.
Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 31 (1): p.
51-61; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New South Wales; Medicago sativa; Phalaris
aquatica; Trifolium repens; Trifolium subterraneum; Crop
mixtures; Defoliation; Irrigated conditions; Monoculture;
Plant density; Vigor; Clay soils
371 NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3
The technology adoption process in subsistence agriculture:
the case of cassava in southwestern Nigeria.
Polson, R.A.; Spencer, D.S.C.
Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1991.
Agricultural systems v. 36 (1): p. 65-78; 1991. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nigeria; Manihot esculenta; High yielding
varieties; Farm management; Innovation adoption; Subsistence
farming; Multiple cropping; Rain forests; Ecology; Decision
making; Probabilistic models; Probit analysis; Case studies
372 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.O74
The truth about companion planting.
Tozer, E.
Emmaus, Pa. : Rodale Press, Inc; 1992 Feb.
Organic gardening v. 39 (2): p. 63-64, 66-67; 1992 Feb.
Language: English
Descriptors: Companion crops; Allelopathy; Plant protection
373 NAL Call. No.: 500 N21P
Two Neurospora mitochondrial plasmids encode DNA polymerases
containing motifs characteristic of family B DNA polymerases
but lack the sequence Asp-Thr-Asp. Li, Q.; Nargang, F.E.
Washington, D.C. : The Academy; 1993 May01.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United
States of America v. 90 (9): p. 4299-4301; 1993 May01.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Neurospora; Neurospora crassa; Fungi;
Mitochondria; Plasmids; Strains; Amino acid sequences; Dna
polymerase; Enzyme activity; Genetic code; Nucleotide
sequences; Transcription
Abstract: We have determined the DNA sequence of the
mitochondrial plasmid from Neurospora intermedia strain Fiji
N6-6. The plasmid contains a 1278-codon open reading frame
that is 49% identical to the open reading frame of the
mitochondrial plasmid from the LaBelle strain of N.
intermedia, which is known to encode a DNA-dependent DNA
polymerase. The results of polymerase assays and photolabeling
studies, the high degree of identity with the LaBelle plasmid
polymerase, and the observation that the Fiji polymerase
activity in a reaction utilizing endogenous template is not
affected by removal of RNA suggest that the Fiji plasmid also
encodes a DNA-dependent DNA polymerase. Comparison of regions
of amino acids that are highly conserved in the two plasmid
polymerases to family B polymerases reveals good correlates
for the three major polymerase motifs and suggests that
previously identified motifs characteristic of reverse
transcriptase found in the Labelle sequence are not
significant. The polymerases encoded by the Fiji and Labelle
plasmids are unusual in that the amino acid sequence Asp-Thr-
Asp, which forms the core of the third motif in family B
polymerases, is not present in either Fiji or Labelle. A
version of the motif containing Thr-Thr-Asp exists in both
sequences.
374 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 J822
Use of conservation tillage to retard erosive effects of large
storms. Langdale, G.W.; Mills, W.C.; Thomas, A.W.
Ankeny, Iowa : Soil and Water Conservation Society of America;
1992 May. Journal of soil and water conservation v. 47 (3): p.
257-260; 1992 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Southern states of U.S.A.; Hapludults; Udic
regimes; Erodibility; Conservation tillage; No-tillage;
Tillage; Double cropping; Rotations; Water erosion; Storms;
Losses from soil systems; Rain; Runoff; Sediment; Measurement;
Nitrogen; Carbon; Aggregates; Stability; Soil water retention;
Crop yield; Crop residues; Crop growth stage; Soil
conservation
375 NAL Call. No.: 1.9 P69P
Using mixed cropping to limit seed mottling induced by soybean
mosaic virus. Bottenberg, H.; Irwin, M.E.
St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society; 1992
Mar. Plant disease v. 76 (3): p. 304-306; 1992 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Illinois; Glycine max; Soybean mosaic potyvirus;
Plant disease control; Mixed cropping; Sorghum bicolor;
Cultivars; Inoculum density; Disease transmission;
Rhopalosiphum maidis; Insect pests; Insect control
376 NAL Call. No.: 10 OU8
Vegetable production in traditional farming systems in
Nigeria. Olasantan, F.O.
Oxon : C.A.B. International; 1992.
Outlook on agriculture v. 21 (2): p. 117-127. ill., maps;
1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nigeria; Vegetables; Crop production; Farming
systems; Multiple cropping; Traditional farming
377 NAL Call. No.: 421 AN72
Vegetational diversity and arthropod population response.
Andow, D.A.
Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews, Inc; 1991.
Annual review of entomology v. 36: p. 561-586; 1991.
Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arthropod pests; Crop mixtures; Cultural control;
Ecosystems; Intercropping; Integrated pest management; Natural
enemies; Literature reviews
378 NAL Call. No.: QK710.A9
Water relations in cowpea and pearl millet under soil water
deficits. I. Contrasting leaf water relations.
Petrie, C.L.; Hall, A.E.
East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial
Research Organization; 1992.
Australian journal of plant physiology v. 19 (6): p. 577-589;
1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Vigna unguiculata; Pennisetum Americanum; Plant
water relations; Leaf water potential; Water deficit;
Dehydration; Stress response; Diurnal variation; Intercropping
379 NAL Call. No.: QK710.A9
Water relations in cowpea and pearl millet under soil water
deficits. III. Extent of predawn equilibrium in leaf water
potential.
Petrie, C.L.; Hall, A.E.
East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial
Research Organization; 1992.
Australian journal of plant physiology v. 19 (6): p. 601-609;
1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Vigna unguiculata; Pennisetum Americanum; Plant
water relations; Water deficit; Dehydration; Leaf water
potential; Intercrops; Roots; Leaves; Equilibrium moisture
content; Diurnal variation
380 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783
Water stress affects the productivity, growth components,
competitiveness and water relations of phalaris and white
clover growing in a mixed pasture. Guobin, L.; Kemp, D.R.
Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
Organization; 1992.
Australian journal of agricultural research v. 43 (3): p.
659-672; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New South Wales; Phalaris aquatica; Trifolium
repens; Grasslands; Growth; Plant competition; Plant water
relations; Water stress
381 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Water use efficiency of double-cropped wheat and soybean.
Daniels, M.B.; Scott, H.D.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 May.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (3): p. 564-570; 1991 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arkansas; Triticum aestivum; Glycine max; Double
cropping; Crop yield; Grain; Water use efficiency;
Evapotranspiration; Irrigation; Planting date; Row spacing;
Stubble; Burning; Alachlor; Glyphosate
Abstract: Many studies have demonstrated that double cropping
wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.)
Merr.] allows for greater utilization of natural resources by
intensifying cropping practices. A 3-yr study was conducted on
a Captina silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic, typic
Fragiudult) to determine the water use efficiency (WUE) of
winter wheat and to determine the effects of selected
management practices on WUE of double-cropped soybeans. The 3-
yr mean grain yield of wheat was 3170 kg ha-1 and the mean
cumulative evapotranspiration (ET) after 1 April was 32.8 cm.
This translated into an average WUE of 96.6 kg ha-1 cm-1 of
water. Shortly after wheat harvest, the effect of irrigation,
planting date, and stubble management on soybean water use and
yield were determined. Irrigation significantly increased
soybean grain yield in 2 of 3 yr. The 3-yr yield mean was 2406
and 1704 kg ha-1 for irrigated and non-irrigated soybean,
respectively. When irrigation significantly increased grain
yield, irrigated soybean had a higher WUE than non-irrigated
soybean. Planting date had a significant effect on soybean
yield and WUE in only 1 of 3 yr and only when planting date
was confounded with row-spacing. Burning of wheat stubble
produced significantly higher soybean yields only when
herbicide interference by standing wheat stubble was observed.
Stubble management had no effect on soybean ET or WUE. The 3-
yr mean WUE for the double cropped wheat and soybean system
was 79.3 kg ha-1 cm-1 of water.
382 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1P3
Weed control in sorghum-groundnut mixture in the simultaneous
system of farming in Northern Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria.
Gworgwor, N.A.; Lagoke, S.T.O.
London : Taylor & Francis; 1992 Apr.
Tropical pest management v. 38 (2): p. 131-135; 1992 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nigeria; Sorghum; Arachis hypogaea;
Intercropping; Butachlor; Herbicides; Linuron; Propachlor;
Weed control; Hoeing; Crop production
383 NAL Call. No.: 10 J822
wheat/chickpea intercropping under late-sown condition s.
Ali, M.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1993 Oct.
The Journal of agricultural science v. 121 (pt.2): p. 141-144;
1993 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Uttar pradesh; Cabt; Triticum; Cicer arietinum;
Fertilizers; Intercropping; Light intensity; Crop yield
384 NAL Call. No.: HD1401.S73 no.92-11
A Whole-farm risk analysis of double-cropping and alternative
crop rotations under farm commodity programs an application of
crop and market simulation models.
Crisostomo, Mario F.
Manhattan, Kan. : Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Kansas
State University,; 1992.
19 p. ; 30 cm. (Staff paper (Kansas State University. Dept. of
Agricultural Economics ; no. 92-11.). February 1992.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 14-16).
Language: English
385 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783
Winter temperatures and reproductive development affect the
productivity and growth components of white clover and
phalaris growing in a mixed pasture. Kemp, D.R.; Guobin, L.
Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
Organization; 1992.
Australian journal of agricultural research v. 43 (3): p.
673-683; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New South Wales; Phalaris aquatica; Trifolium
repens; Crop production; Growth; Mixed pastures; Reproduction;
Temperature; Winter
386 NAL Call. No.: S592.17.A73A74
Yield and nitrogen fixation of berseem clover as a potential
winter forage crop under semiarid conditions.
Kishinevsky, B.D.; Leshem, Y.; Friedman, Y.; Krivatz, G.
Washington, DC : Taylor & Francis; 1992 Oct.
Arid soil research and rehabilitation v. 6 (4): p. 261-270;
1992 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Israel; Trifolium alexandrinum; Lolium perenne;
Rhizobium trifolii; Nitrogen fixation; Crop yield; Semiarid
climate; Monoculture; Interplanting
387 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
Yield and quality of forage from intercrops of barley and
annual ryegrass. Thompson, D.J.; Stout, D.G.; Moore, T.; Mir,
Z.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1992 Jan.
Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de
phytotechnie v. 72 (1): p. 163-172; 1992 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: British Columbia; Hordeum vulgare; Lolium
multiflorum; Intercrops; Crop production; Forage; Crop yield;
Crop quality; Cultivars; Irrigation; Variety trials
388 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Yield and quality of subterranean and white clover--
bermudagrass andd tall fescue associations.
Brink, G.E.; Fairbrother, T.E.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Oct.
Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (4): p. 500-504; 1991
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Trifolium repens; Trifolium
subterraneum; Cynodon dactylon; Festuca arundinacea; Crop
mixtures; Perennials; Annuals; Pastures; Clay soils; Grassland
management; Oversowing; Autumn; Forage; Crop production; Crop
quality; Crop yield; Dry matter accumulation; Plant analysis;
Digestibility; Crude protein; Fiber; Botanical composition;
Nutrient content; Interspecific competition; Seasonal
variation; Precipitation
389 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Yield, forage quality, and nitrogen recovery rates of double-
cropped millet and ryegrass.
Robinson, D.L.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 22 (7/8):
p. 713-727; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Lolium multiflorum; Pennisetum
Americanum; Double cropping; Nitrate nitrogen; Nitrogen
fertilizers; Nutrient uptake; Nutritive value; Silt loam
soils; Yield components; Application rates; Crop quality; Crop
yield; In vitro
390 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Yield loss to arthropods in vegetationally diverse
agroecosystems. Andow, D.A.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Oct.
Environmental entomology v. 20 (5): p. 1228-1235; 1991 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cropping systems; Intercropping; Monoculture;
Insect pests; Yield losses
Abstract: Five methods were evaluated for measuring the
effects of arthropod pests on crop yields in vegetationally
diverse agroecosystems, and the conditions for vegetational
diversity to improve yields were examined. Two methods
measured absolute yield benefits in which polyculture yields
were higher than yields in monocultures. A review of the
literature indicated that absolute yield benefits occurred
only rarely and only when the arthropod pests caused severe
yield losses in monocultures. One method was judged of limited
use. The remaining two methods measured marginal yield
benefits, in which yield loss in polycultures is less than
that in monocultures. Statistical tests for factorial
experiments that estimate this marginal benefit are proposed.
A review of 41 cases suggested that this benefit occurred only
if polycultures had lower pest populations than monocultures,
and even then, it occurred intermittently. Severe competition
from the other plants in the polyculture might limit the
ability of the crop to compensate for pest injury and crop
tolerance, or resistance to pest injury might otherwise limit
yield losses in polycultures. In addition, the data suggested
that pest injury is less likely to exceed economic injury
levels in polycultures than in monocultures.
391 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Yield response of bermudagrass and bahiagrass to applied
nitrogen an d overseeded clover.
Overman, A.R.; Wilkinson, S.R.; Evers, G.W.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Nov.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 84 (6): p.
998-1001; 1992 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Cynodon dactylon; Trifolium incarnatum;
Oversowing; Paspalum notatum; Trifolium subterraneum;
Trifolium vesiculosum; Nitrogen fertilizers; Dry matter
accumulation; Crop yield; Mathematical models; Yield response
functions
Abstract: Models can be used to describe yield response of
grasses to applied N and other management factors. This
analysis was performed to show interactions between applied N
and overseeded clover on dry matter yield, and to estimate
equivalent N supplied by clover. Data from three locations
were used. At Watkinsville, GA both 'Coastal' and common
bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] were overseeded
with crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.). At Eagle Lake,
TX, both Coastal bermudagrass and 'Pensacola' bahiagrass
(Paspalum notatum Flugge) were overseeded with 'Yuchi'
arrowleaf (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi) and 'Mt. Barker'
subterranean (Trifolium subterranean L.) clovers. At Jay, FL
both Coastal bermudagrass and Pensacola bahiagrass were
overseeded with crimson clover. The logistic model described
dry matter response to applied N and contained three
parameters (A, b, c). It was shown that the presence of clover
affected only the b coefficient, which related to yield at
zero applied N. It was also shown that overseeded clover
provided equivalent N of approximately 120 kg ha-1 for
bermudagrass and 90 to 220 kg ha-1 for bahiagrass. Most of the
increased yield of the bermudagrass-clover combination over
bermudagrass without clover was due to the clover production;
only about 25 kg ha-1 of equivalent N was carried over to the
bermudagrass under conditions where top growth of clover was
removed. The model allows quantitative estimates of equivalent
N supplied by clover.
Author Index
Abdel Gawad, A.M. 89
Abdel Magid, H.M. 302
Abdulai, Mashark Seidu 28
Aggarwal, P.K. 318
Ahmad, N. 248
Ahmed, N.U. 79
Aiken, G.E. 26, 284
Ajayi, E.O. 152
Albrecht, K.A. 6, 273, 330, 331
Alcazar, J. 247
Alghali, A.M. 208, 362
Ali, M. 383
Alison, M.W. 167
All, J.N. 177
Allan, D.L. 242
Alley Farming Network for Tropical Africa 4
Altieri, M.A. 144, 367
Anand, S.C. 130
Anderhalden, E. 290
Anderson, G.W. 205
Anderson, S.H. 130
Andow, D.A. 377, 390
Andre, C.P. 361
Anuebunwa, F.O. 22
Anyama, D. 174
Arioglu, H. 125, 333
Arslan, M. 333
Asay, K.H. 163
Atta-Krah, Kwesi 4
Awah, F.M. 270
Aweto, A.O. 124
Axelrod, E.A. 67
Ayama, N. 271, 352
Ayanniyi, O.O. 124
Bacon, R.K. 282
Baker, W.H. 135
Balasubramanian, V. 131
Baldridge, T. 304
Banks, J.C. 259
Barnes, D.K. 292
Barnhart, S.K. 222
Baron, V.S. 62, 286
Barrett, G.W. 198
Barrion, A.T. 321
Barthram, G.T. 108, 129
Barton, F.E. II 26
Baruchin, A. 7
Bashir, M.I. 89
Bathke, G.R. 56, 347
Beator, J. 35
Bellotti, A.C. 367
Bendixen, W.E. 218
Bennett, C.P.A. 83
Bennett, J.M. 53
Beuselinck, P.R. 92
Bharati, M.P. 121, 261
Bilgrami, K.S. 3
Bishnoi, U.R. 234
Bittman, S. 93
Blair, A.M. 80
Blair, G.J. 160
Blum, H. 312
Boe, A. 5
Bonsi, C.K. 90
Bortnem, R. 5
Bottenberg, H. 30, 153, 200, 375
Boudreau, M.A. 243
Bourland, F.M. 135
Bowdler, T.M. 99
Bowman, G. 166
Bradley, J. 55
Bradley, J.F. 196
Brandt, J. 32
Bremer, A.H. 36
Bridges, D.C. 183
Brink, G.E. 19, 176, 299, 388
Brinkman, M.A. 273
Brorsen, B.W. 2
Brown, J.C. 71
Brown, J.E. 75
Brown, R.E. 316
Brown, W.F. 49
Bruce, R.R. 60, 324
Brunson, K.E. 52
Bugg, R.L. 52
Bughrara, S.S. 92
Buntin, G.D. 183
Burgener, P.A. 238
Burton, J.W. 220
Burton, R.O. Jr 95
Buss, G.R. 320
Calhoun, F.G. 139
Call, C.A. 72
Camp, C.R. 225
Campbell, C.G. 45, 46
Campo, J.M.C. 212
Carangal, V.R. 79
Carr, P.M. 165, 213
Carsky, R.J. 152
Carter, P.R. 51
Carter, T.E. Jr 220
Casacuberta, J.M. 145
Casler, M.D. 330, 331
Castellanos, A.E. 85
Castro, M.T. 11
Castro, V. 199
Caviness, C.E. 281, 282
Cenpukdee, U. 122
Chalifour, F.P. 121, 261
Chambliss, C.G. 284
Chaparro, C.J. 232
Chapko, L.B. 273
Chatterjee, B.N. 300
Cherney, J.H. 25
Chirwa, Paxie Wanangwa, 349
Chiy, P.C. 345
Cho, B.H. 32
Choudhary, A.K. 3
Chowdhury, M.K. 283
Christenson, D.R. 155
Chweya, J.A. 115
Cicero, K. 1
Clark, D. 86
Clark, G.A. 339
Clement, A. 121, 261
Coale, F.J. 288
Collinge, D.B. 32
Collins, R.P. 314
Common, T.G. 233
Conrad, J.H. 251, 252
Cook, R. 276
Coolman, R.M. 186
Corbett, A. 217, 328
Coremberg, P. 81
Corkern, D.L. 231
Cousens, R.D. 80
Cramer, C. 1
Crisostomo, Mario F. 384
Crossley, D.A. Jr 21
Cruse, R.M. 221, 359, 360
Csizinszky, A.A. 339
Cunfer, B.M. 183
Curbelo, S. 180
Dale, M.R.T. 70
Daliparthy, J. 300
Dalrymple, R.L. 366
Daniels, M.B. 119, 381
Danso, S.K.A. 180, 228, 266
Davidson, K. 171
Davies, D.A. 14
Davies, W.P. 340
Davis, J.D. 77
De Miranda, J.R. 42
Decoteau, D.R. 68
Dellenbarger, L. 304
Dennis, W.D. 171
DePolo, J. 16
Deuson, R. 342
Dick, A.C. 62, 286
Dinar, A. 7
Doorman, F. 147
Doster, D.H. 2
Drinkwater, R. 86
Drury, C.F. 244
Dukpa, P. 290
Dunavin, L.S. 154
Duncan, S.R. 329
Dutcher, J.D. 52
Dwivedi, G.K. 341
Dyck, E. 58
Eadie, A.G. 205
Eadie, J. 233
Eaglesham, A.R.J. 338
Eagleton, G.E. 41
Eash, N.S. 346
Echtenkamp, G.W. 136
Edje, O.T.c 111, 118
Edwards, L.M. 313
Eggleston, P. 42
Eidman, V.R. 12
Einhellig, F. 5
Elmore, C.D. 61, 357
Elston, D.A. 129
Emebiri, L.C. 117
Endersby, N.M. 8
Engle, M. 355c
Esmail, S.H.M. 18
Espinoza, J.E. 251, 252
Evans, B.E. 143
Evans, D.R. 141
Evans, S.A. 141
Evanylo, G.K. 287
Evers, G.W. 391
Exner, D.N. 221
Ezumah, H.C. 106, 249
Fafchamps, M. 137
Fairbrother, T.E. 19, 388
Fairey, N.A. 120
Ferguson, T.U. 248
Findlay, W.I. 244
Fine, G.L. 161
Fisher, A. 126
Flatt, B. 366
Fletcher, J. 199
Floate, M.J.S. 233
Flowerdew, Bob 164
Ford, S.A. 53
Fornstrom, K.J. 238
Fothergill, M. 14
Fountain, M.O. 220
Francis, R. 68
Fraser, J. 197
French, Jackie 229
Friedman, Y. 386
Friend, J.A. 245
Frizzell, B.S. 135
Frye, W.W. 263
Fujita, K. 24
Fukai, S. 122
Furlan, V. 256
Gallaher, R.N. 53, 258, 350, 351
Gamez, R. 199
Gandah, M. 139
Gao, G.L. 365
Garcia, M.A. 144
Gardener, C.J. 178
Gardiner, D.T. 325
Gardner, J.C. 165, 213
Garner, T.H. 76, 303, 347
Garrett, T.R. 76
Garrity, D.P. 318
Gates, J.P. 74d
Gaussoin, R.E. 315
Gebhart, D.L. 72
Gendron, G. 121, 261
Gethi, M. 63
Ghoneim, M.F. 302
Ghuman, B.S. 40
Gichuru, M.P. 317
Giesler, G. 304
Giesler, G.G. 82
Giller, K.E. 241, 270
Gitaitis, R.D. 33
Glendining, M.J. 314
Gliessman, S. 109
Godoy, R. 83
Gold, C.S. 112, 367
Gomez, F. 11
Gooding, M.J. 340
Gordon, A.M. 214
Gordon, D.R. 280
Grabau, L.J. 69
Grant, S.A. 108, 129
Grattan, S.R. 272
Graves, C.R. 55, 196
Greene, D.K. 25
Greenfield, P.L. 194
Gregersen, P.L. 32
Gregg, Richard B. 39
Griffin, T.S. 155
Griffith, D.R. 100
Griffith, S. 248
Griggs, T.C. 298
Groffman, P.M. 67
Grossman, J. 27, 358
Grove, J.H. 69, 263, 288
Guethle, D.R. 181
Gunadi, N. 192
Guobin, L. 380, 385
Gurung, P. 290
Gworgwor, N.A. 382
Haffar, I. 48
Hagood, E.S. Jr 66
Hall, A.E. 378, 379
Hall, J.W. 86
Hall, M.H. 237
Hamel, C. 224, 255, 256
Hankins, B.J. 168
Hanlon, E.A. 350
Hanna, H.Y. 295
Hardarson, G. 228
Hardter, R. 262
Harper, J.K. 95
Harris, G.H. 155
Harrison, H. 182
Harrison, M. 55, 196
Hasse, V. 321
Haugen, T. 37
Haung, Z. 75
Hayes, J.C. 76
Hayes, M.J. 169
Heagler, A. 304
Heagler, A.M. 82
Heatherly, L.G. 61, 357
Heichel, G.H. 73, 309
Held, L.J. 238, 291
Helenius, J. 203
Helm, J.H. 157
Hemmat, M. 42
Henjum, K.I. 73
Hensley, D.L. 315
Herridge, D.F. 296
Hesterman, O.B. 155
Hikam, S. 170, 210
Hildebrand, D.F. 170, 210
Hildebrand, P.E. 79
Hill, J. 116
Hill, M.J. 370
Hoag, D.L. 146
Hochmuth, George J. 78
Hodgson, J. 233
Hofstetter, B. 308
Holland, J.F. 296
Holloway, H.A. 146
Hood, C. 354
Hood, C.E. 56, 76, 175, 303, 347
Horne, P.M. 160
Horst, W.J. 262
Hoveland, C.S. 264
Hovermale, C.H. 77, 94
Howard, D.D. 265
Hoyt, G.D. 186
Huffman, D. 304
Huhnke, R. 335
Hull, S.A. 175
Hulugalle, N.R. 106
Hunter, E.A. 233
Husain, A. 301
Ide, H.B. 234
Ikeorgu, J.E.G. 187
Imholte, A.A. 51
Irwin, M.E. 30, 153, 199, 200, 375
Isard, S.A. 199
Izaurralde, R.C. 267
Jacobs, J.J. 291
Jacques, S. 282
Jacques, Sorel 353
Jedel, P.E. 157
Jeffrey, S.R. 12
Jin, J.Y. 365
Johnson, K.D. 25
Jolley, V.D. 71
Jones, C.S. Jr 232
Jones, D. 14
Jones, J.W. 274
Jones, L. 293
Jones, R.A. 107
Jones, W.F. 13
Joost, R.E. 231
Jordan, D. 101
Jordan, R.M. 156
Juma, N.G. 267
Jund, M.F. 326
Jung, G.A. 47, 369
Juo, A.S.R. 249
Kabwe, M.K. 75
Kahurananga, J. 209
Kaiser, H.M. 148
Kaleikau, E.K. 361
Kanodia, K.C. 341
Karel, A.K. 114, 123
Karlen, D.L. 225, 346
Kelley, K.W. 95
Kemp, D.R. 380, 385
Kendig, S.R. 130
Kephart, K.D. 237
Khaemba, B.M. 63
Khalilian, A. 56, 76, 303, 347, 354
Khan, V.A. 75, 90
Khoury, R. 48
Kincer, D.R. 55
King, J.R. 70
Kishinevsky, B.D. 386
Kissel, D.E. 150
Klein, E. 44
Kloppstech, K. 35
Knox, M.L. 87
Kouame, C.N. 285
Kouame, Christophe N., 128
Krause, M. 342
Krishna Moorthy, P.N. 188
Krivatz, G. 386
Kunelius, H.T. 197
Kyamanywa, S. 17
Labandera, C. 180
Laflen, J.M. 60
Lagoke, S.T.O. 382
Laidlaw, A.S. 279
Lal, H. 274
Lal, L. 88
Lal, R. 40
Lamont, W.J. 315
Lamp, W.O. 311
Lang, T.A. 351
Langdale, G.W. 60, 324, 334, 374
Lanini, T. 218
Lanini, W.T. 191, 272
Lansu, A.L.E. 230
Lavender, R.H. 159
Ledgard, S.F. 23
Leigh, T.F. 217
Lemunyon, J.L. 67
Lenssen, A.W. 161
Leshem, Y. 386
Lessman, G. 265
Lewis, G.C. 97, 98, 206
Lewis, J.A. 33
Li, Q. 373
Li, S.Y. 348
Liboon, S.P. 318
Licht, L.A. 332
Liebman, M. 58
Lin, B. 365
Lin, H. 69
Lin, M.S. 151
Ling, Erik 344
Litsinger, J.A. 321
Lory, J.A. 309
Lowe, K.F. 99
Lowenberg-DeBoer, J. 342
Lu, J.Y. 75
Lys, J.A. 15
Mabagala, R.B. 307
MacKown, C.T. 170, 210
Mallet, J. 294
Marble, V.L. 272
Marshall, A.H. 126R
Marten, G.C. 156, 336
Martin, F.G. 251, 252
Martin, N.P. 37
Martin, R.C. 269
Martin, T.D. 80
Martinez, D. 85
Martyn, T.M. 159
Mason, L.F. 231
Masood, A. 3
Masyhudi, M.F. 104
Matches, A.G. 298
Maxwell, J.F. 86
Mayland, H.F. 163
Mays, D.A. 234
McCaskill, M.R. 178, 179
McConnell, J.S. 135
McCornick, P.G. 227
McDonald, D. 236
McDowell, L.R. 251, 252
McFadden, M.E. 149
McGill, W.B. 267
McIvor, J.G. 178, 179
McSorley, R. 53, 258
Meckenstock, D.H. 11
Mehan, V.K. 236
Mehta, H. 240
Meng, X. 220
Menzi, H. 312
Midmore, D.J. 195, 247
Mihajilovic, M. 10
Mihajlovic, M. 54
Miller, C.P. 368
Miller, S.D. 238
Miller, W.P. 60, 324
Mills, W.C. 334, 374
Mir, Z. 387
Misra, S.K. 185
Mitchell, P. 34
Mitchell, R.L. 366
Mizen, K.A. 276
Mmbaga, M.E.T. 111, 118
Mohammed, J. 337
Mokete, N. 139
Mondal, S.S. 300
Moomaw, R.S. 136
Moore, T. 158, 387
Morgan, W.C. 8
Morooka, Y. 327
Morris, D.R. 231
Morris, R.A. 318
Moseley, C.M. 66
Mueller, B.R. 21
Mujumdar, P.P. 278
Mundt, C.C. 243
Myhre, D.L. 350
Nadeau, L.B. 70
Naik, D.M. 43
Najda, H.G. 62, 286
Nakashima, H. 110
Nanseki, T. 327
Nargang, F.E. 373
Natarajan, M. 43
Ndegwe, N.A. 84
Nelson, R.G. 343
Nentwig, W. I15
Nigam, S.N. 236
Njoroge, J.M. 115
Noellemeyer, E. 81
Nosberger, J. 312
O'Donnell, J.J. 202
Oad, R.N. 227
Obiefuna, J.C. 117
Odo, P.E. 140
Odour-Owino, P. 105
Odurukwe, S.O. 187
Ofosu-Budu, K.G. 24
Ofuya, T.I. 275
Ogata, S. 24
Okereke, G.U. 174, 271, 338, 352
Olasantan, F.O. 323, 376
Ong, C.K. 29
Orloff, S.B. 272
Ormesher, J. 270
Orr, J.P. 272
Ortega M, P.F. 212
Otten, L. 162
Ouattara, M. 139
Overman, A.R. 391
Ovid, A. 173
Paine, L.K. 182
Palmason, F. 228
Palmer, J.H. 76, 175, 347, 354
Panda, M.M. 91
Paolini, R. 364
Papastylianou, I. 266
Pastorini, D. 180
Patterson, R.P. 104
Paulus, F. 162
Pavuk, D.M. 198
Pearce, R.C. 69
Pearen, J.R. 62
Peart, R.M. 274
Pederson, G.A. 299
Pendery, B.M. 356
Penner, K. 184
Perdue, J.C. 21
Persaud, N. 139
Petersen, A.D. 292
Petrie, C.L. 378, 379
Phatak, S.C. 52
Philbrick, Helen Louise Porter, 39
Phillips, C.J.C. 345
Piacitelli, C.K. 26
Pilbeam, C.J. 322
Pitman, W.D. 26, 49, 202, 284
Pitre, H.N. 11
Plant, R.E. 328
Plowright, R.A. 276
Polson, R.A. 371
Poneleit, C.G. 170, 210
Porter, P. 294, 354
Porter, P.M. 56
Portier, K.M. 284
Posler, G.L. 161
Potts, M.J. 192
Powell, J.M. 285
Premaratne, W.H.E. 138
Prestbye, L.S. p87
Prevatt, J.W. 339
Pringle, E.A. 211
Psychas, Paul J. 4
Puigdomenech, P. 145
Pulkinen, D.A. 93
Putnam, D.H. 242
Putwain, P.D. 143
Pyndji, M.M. 239
Quarles, W. 358p
Quesenberry, K.H. 285
Rabie, R.K. 302
Raimbault, B.A. 59
Ramakrishna, A. 29
Ramert, B. 254
Ranells, N.N. 57
Ranganathan, R. 137, 297
Ranganathan, Radha 9
Rankine, L.B. 248
Rao, N.H. 226
Rasmussen, S.K. 32
Ratnasinghe, D.S. 257
Raventos, D. 145
Raymer, P.L. 65
Rechcigl, J.E. 202
Reddy, K.C. 342
Reddy, M.D. 91
Reddy, S.L.N. 29
Reekmans, M.J. 277
Rees, D.H. 226
Reese, P.F. Jr 320
Reich, V. 196
Renard, C.A. 285
Rhoden, E.G. 75, 90
Rhodes, I. 314
Rice, C.W. 101
Rice, K.J. 280
Richardson, M.D. 264
Richburg, J.S. III 260
Riha, S.J. 148
Ristau, E.A. 156
Ritter, W.F. 319
Rivera, C. 199
Robbins, M.L. 225
Roberts, C.A. 92
Roberts, P.M. 177
Roberts-Nkrumah, L.R 248
Robinson, D.L. 268, 389
Robson, M.J. 322
Roca, J. 195
Roder, W. 290
Roncoroni, E.A. 191
Rosario, E.L. 283
Rosenberger, J.L. 369
Rossiter, D.G. 148
Rourke, M.K. R235
Rowe, D.E. 176
Rumbaugh, M.D. 356
Russelle, M.P. 309
Ryser, P. 201
Sabrah, R.E. 302
Sadler, J.M. 313
Saettler, A.W. 307
Salmon, D.F. 62, 286
Sampath, R. 148
San Segundo, B. 145
Sanginga, N. 4
Saproo, M.L. 301
Scarborough, R.W. 319
Schapaugh, W.T. Jr 329
Schatz, B.G. 165, 213
Schiefelbein, E.L. 37
Schmutterer, H. 321
Scott, H.D." 119, 381
Scott, P.R. 142
Seif, A.S. 89
Sekayange, L. 131
Senaratne, R. 257
Sengooba, T. 17
Shaffer, J.A. 47, 369
Shah, S.G. 245
Shapiro, B.I. 2
Shapiro, C.A. 316
Sharaiha, R. 109
Sharma, A.R. 91
Sharma, E. 133
Sharma, S. 133, 134
Sharma, S.K. 240
Shaw, J.E. 205
Shaxson, L. 207
Sheaffer, C.C. 37, 156, 336
Sheard, R.W. 211
Sheldrick, R.D. 159
Shibles, R. 193
Shoup, W.D. 274
Silva, M.P. de 138
Simmons, S.R. 37
Sims, B.D. 181
Sinha, N.C. 341
Sivakumar, M.V.K. 172
Skidmore, E.L. 343
Sleper, D.A. 92
Smedegaard-Petersen, V. 32
Smith, D. 255
Smith, D.L. 224, 256, 269
Smith, M.A. 51
Smith, M.S. 263
Smith, S.J. 150
Snaydon, R.W. 364
Sneller, C. 281
Sojka, R.E. 225
Sollenberger, L.E. 232
Spencer, D.S.C. 371
Spurlock, S.R. 185
Srinivasan, K. 188
Ssekabembe, C.K. 96
St. Louis, D.G. 77
Stanley, C.D. 339
Steele, K.W. 23
Stevens, C. 75
Stewart, R.K. 113
Stinner, B.R. 127
Stockwell, T.G.H. 368
Stone, J.A. 244
Stout, D.G. 158, 190, 387
Stuthman, D.D. 37
Sudmeyer, R.A. 142
Sugiyama, S. 110
Sulc, R.M. 6, 330, 331
Sullivan, M.J. 303
Sullivan, W.M. 67
Sumner, D.R. 33
Sumner, K. 219
Sundberg, D. 193
Suresh, K.K. 363
Swanton, C.J. 205
Sylvia, D.M. 202
Tajuddin 301
Tariah, N.M. 132
Tauer, L.W. 207
Teuber, N.G. 279
Thies, J.A. 292
Thomas, A.W. 60, 324, 334, 374
Thompson, A.J. 340
Thompson, D.J. 158, 190, 387
Thordal-Christensen, H.� 32
Tiedje, J.M. 101
Tillenaar, M. 10
Tindall, Timothy Todd, 289
Tofinga, M.P. 364
Tollenaar, M. 54
Tonhasca, A. Jr 31, 127
Tozer, E. 372
Tripathi, Bansh R. 4
Trutmann, P. 239
Turkington, R. 44
Turner, F.T. 326
Ugen, M.A. 102, 103
Unger, P.W. 346
United States, Soil Conservation Service 50
Varco, J.J. 263
Vargas, R.N. 272
Vargo, A.M. 204�
Varvel, G.E. 316
Vazquez, L. 350
Vazquez, M.E. 81
Vedula, S. 278
Verhasselt, P. 277
Vigil, M.F. 150
Vilich-Meller, V. 246, 306
Vinaya Rai, R.S. 363
Vincent, C. 113
Volckaert, G. 277
Voldeng, H.D. 269
Volenec, J.J. 25
Vyn, T.J. 10, 54, 59
Wackers, F.L. 52
Waddington, J. 93
Wagger, M.G. 57
Waithaka, K. 115
Walbot, V. 361
Walker, R.H. 260
Walker, T.S. 137
Wall, D.A. 45, 46
Wall, G.J. 211
Wallace, S.U. 175, 354
Wang, L.C. 365
Wang, Z.L. 365
Warncke, D.D. 216
Watson, V.H. 13
Weaver, R.W. 72
Weaver, S.E. 80
Weil, C.F. 250
Weil, R.R. 149
Welty, L.E. 87
Wenberg, E.A. 291
Wesley, R.A. 61, 357
Wessler, S.R. 250
West, D.R. 55
West, L.T. 60, 324
West, T.D. 100
Westcott, M.P. 87
Whitwell, T. 175
Wielemaker, W.G. 230
Wien, H.C. 102, 103
Wiest, S. 315
Wightman, J.A. 112
Wilkinson, N.S. 251, 252
Wilkinson, S.R. 391
Wilks, D.S. 148
Williams, E.D. 169
Williams, J.R. 95
Williams, P.A. 214
Williams, P.T. 155
Williams, T.A. 141
Wilman, D. 126
Wilson, D.O. 65
Wilson, H. 173
Wilson, J. 80
Wilson, L.A. 248
Wilson, L.T. 217
Wilson, M.A. 75
Withers, J.A. 279
Woledger, J. 171
Wollenhaupt, N.C. 130
Woodley, E. 189
Woolhouse, H.W. 305
Wortmann, C.S. 17p
Wrather, J.A. 130
Yaron, D. 7
Yaseen, M. 301
Yong, L. 64
York, P.A. 276
Zadoks, J.C. 64
Zandstra, B.H. 216
Zongo, J.O. 113
Zourarakis, Demetrio Periferachis, 310
Zuofa, K. 132
Zwinger, S.F. 165, 213
Subject Index
Abandoned land 325
Abelmoschus esculentus 90, 323
Acer rubrum 67
Acid soils 131, 317
Acreage 146, 151
Acremonium 97, 98
Acyrthosiphon kondoi 107
Adaptation 294
Aerial sowing 77, 335
Aeschynomene Americana 26, 49, 232, 284
Afforestation 235
Aflatoxins 3
Africa 27
Africa south of sahara 249
Aggregates 59, 374
Agricultural adjustment 148
Agricultural development 189
Agricultural land 230
Agricultural policy 147
Agricultural soils 21
Agrobacterium rhizogenes 162
Agrobacterium tumefaciens 162
Agroforestry 4, 363
Agroforestry systems 214
Agronomic characteristics 176
Agronomy 148
Agropyron cristatum 72, 86, 163, 298, 356
Agropyron desertorum 72, 163, 298
Agrostis 233, 312
Agrostis capillaris 159
Agrotis ipsilon 127
Air temperature 307, 312
Alabama 90, 260
Alachlor 181, 381
Alberta 62, 70, 120, 267, 286
Aldicarb 105
Aleiodes 198
Aleyrodidae 367
Alfisols 106, 124, 262
Alleles 250
Allelopathy 58, 372
Alley cropping 131
Allium cepa 192, 216
Allium sativum 192
Alopecurus pratensis 120
Alternative farming 182
Altitude 312
Aluminum 231
Amaranthus hybridus 181
Amenity and recreation areas 143
American samoa 204
Amino acid sequences 32, 162, 373
Ammonium 263
Ammonium nitrate 13, 19, 94, 316
Ammonium nitrogen 150, 263
Ammonium sulfate 266
Amorpha canescens 161
Andhra pradesh 29, 297
Animal competition �42
Animal production 368
Annuals 260, 388
Anthoxanthum odoratum 312
Antibiosis 11
Aphidoidea 30, 215
Aphis craccivora 275
Aphis gossypii 192
Apoproteins 361
Application date 19, 51, 94, 181, 216, 231, 265, 287, 320
Application methods 238
Application rates 13, 19, 54, 66, 68, 94, 102, 104, 122, 129,
136, 193, 209, 231, 261, 264, 265, 268, 287, 300, 316, 320,
323, 345, 389
Application to land 180
Arachis glabrata 154
Arachis hypogaea 41, 112, 187, 236, 257, 297, 382
Argentina 81
Argillic horizons 150, 230, 287
Argilluviation 230
Arid regions 7
Arkansas 119, 135, 168, 281, 282, 381
Arthropod pests 377
Assessment 246, 340, 346
Astragalus cicer 161
Atherigona soccata 113
Australia 8, 122, 368
Autumn 265, 313, 388
Available water 155
Avena fatua 80
Avena sativa 38, 62, 71, 87, 155, 157, 169, 203, 228, 246,
266, 272, 273, 286, 292, 293, 297, 306, 311, 331, 350
Bark 254
Barriers 8
Bean straw 213
Bean yellow mosaic potyvirus 107
Beef cattle 77, 253
Beliefs 189
Beneficial insects 52, 215, 358
Beta vulgaris 16, 238
Bhutan 290
Bibliographies 74
Biological activity in soil 230
Biological competition 364
Biological control� 8, 33, 86, 113, 166, 204, 358
Biological control agents 33, 113, 127, 215, 328, 358
Biological production 137
Biomass 109, 131, 211
Biomass production 25, 54, 131, 142, 205, 210, 233, 237, 244,
247, 341, 364
Blight 307
Bloat 156
Border effects 107
Boring insects 208
Botanical composition 26, 99, 110, 129, 201, 232, 233, 279,
284, 298, 336, 368, 369, 388
Botanical insecticides 27
Bouteloua curtipendula 161, 325
Bradyrhizobium 283
Bradyrhizobium japonicum 261
Branching 129, 176
Brassica 358
Brassica campestris var. oleifera 215
Brassica hirta 242
Brassica juncea 3, 188
Brassica napus 348
Brassica oleracea 75
Brassica oleracea var. capitata 188
Brassica oleracea var. italica 144
Breeding programs 305
British Columbia 86, 158, 190, 387
Bromus biebersteinii 120
Bromus diandrus 280
Bromus inermis 120, 256, 292, 336
Bulk density 350
Bunds 41
Burkina faso 113
Burning 381
Butachlor 382
Cabt 2, 31, 47, 54, 62, 68, 69, 97, 98, 105, 114, 129, 139,
141, 161, 168, 172, 176, 178, 179, 198, 208, 218, 222, 236,
236, 276, 276, 285, 285, 293, 300, 315, 316, 345, 383
Cajanus cajan 29, 79, 122, 296, 297, 317
Calcareous soils 173
Calcium 231
Calcium phosphate 255
California 109, 144, 191, 217, 218, 272, 280, 355
Calliandra calothyrsus 131
Canada 256
Canopy 29, 30, 122, 136, 171, 175, 234, 307, 318
Carabidae 15, 31
Carbohydrates 162, 326
Carbon 374
Carbon-nitrogen ratio 65, 150
Carbosulfan 97, 98, 206
Caribbean 248
Cartap 188
Case studies 83, 146, 148, 227, 371
Cash crops 214
Cassia spectabilis 131
Catchment hydrology 142�
Cattle 86, 141, 178, 179, 279
Ceiba pentandra 363
Cell wall components 145
Centaurea diffusa 86
Cereal grains 293
Cereals 15, 24, 45, 46, 205, 218
Chemical composition 14
Chemical control 33, 66, 86, 181, 188, 206, 238
Chemical treatment 263
China 215, 236, 348
Chlorimuron 66
Chlorosis 71, 173
Christmas trees 315
Chromosome breakage 250
Chronosequences 230
Chrysopogon fulvus 341
Cicer arietinum 383
Circadian rhythm 35
Citral 27
Citrullus colocynthis 40
Citrullus lanatus 22, 75
Clavigralla 63
Clavigralla tomentosicollis 63
Clay 230
Clay loam soils 244
Clay soils 13, 61, 357, 370, 388
Clay translocation 230
Climatic change 148
Climatic factors 193, 230, 246, 247, 263, 273, 312
Climatic zones 264
Clones 176, 356
Cloning 277
Coarse textured soils 287
Coastal plain soils 231, 287
Coconuts 83
Coffea arabica 115
Cold resistance 47
Cold storage 195
Colocasia esculenta 204
Colombia 367
Colonization 255
Colonizing ability 202, 325
Companion crops 6, 8, 16, 37, 38, 70, 87, 93, 120, 143, 159,
164, 201, 216, 272, 273, 293, 313, 330, 331, 335, 355, 356,
372
Companion planting 164, 229, 289
Comparisons 40, 60, 146, 174, 203, 210, 220, 242, 318
Competitive ability 44, 110, 176, 218, 340
Components 256
Compound fertilizers 143, 348
Computer analysis 334
Computer simulation 48
Computer software 26, 274
Concentration 256
Conservation tillage 182, 259, 324, 334, 346, 374
Contamination 3
Continuous cropping 3, 41, 59, 60, 61, 62, 83, 122, 124, 131,
211, 255, 307, 324, 352
Contour farming 50
Control 51
Controlled grazing 233
Cooperatives 235
Corn 349
Corn belt states of U.S.A. 2
Correlated traits 326
Correlation 307, 350
Cost analysis 48, 53
Cost benefit analysis 82, 238, 315, 355, 358
Cost effectiveness analysis 147
Costa Rica 199, 200, 230
Costs 7, 94, 237, 238, 304
Cotesia marginiventris 198
Cotton 135, 185
Cover crops 36, 52, 54, 57, 136, 155, 182, 186, 205, 216,
219, 223, 308, 313, 316, 346
Covers 75
Crayfish 304
CRiconemella 258
Crocidolomia binotalis 188
Crocus sativus 301
Crop damage 63, 103, 112, 177, 203, 246, 247, 275
Crop density 68, 107, 117, 118, 123, 210, 221, 255, 272, 330,
356
Crop establishment 6, 19, 37, 80, 93, 136, 201, 205, 221,
223, 272, 273, 330, 331
Crop growth stage 44, 69, 104, 136, 216, 237, 246, 278, 287,
374
Crop management 25, 37, 100, 101, 237, 291, 346
Crop mixtures 3, 12, 14, 30, 36, 42, 44, 49, 51, 64, 71, 80,
86, 92, 99, 108, 140, 146, 148, 151, 154, 157, 160, 161, 163,
184, 185, 197, 202, 224, 227, 237, 239, 256, 264, 266, 273,
280, 284, 286, 292, 298, 299, 306, 314, 330, 331, 343, 364,
369, 370, 377, 388
Crop production 22, 53, 62, 82, 85, 111, 118, 121, 125, 139,
148, 151, 158, 159, 186, 195, 214, 226, 227, 245, 248, 249,
261, 274, 286, 291, 303, 313, 329, 334, 342, 354, 376, 382,
385, 387, 388
Crop quality 6, 19, 47, 49, 89, 92, 154, 156, 158, 161, 190,
210, 273, 284, 285, 286, 298, 299, 301, 302, 331, 340, 345,
387, 388, 389
Crop residues 54, 65, 150, 193, 205, 211, 263, 324, 343, 374
Crop rotation 289
Crop weed competition 45, 46, 58, 80, 109, 218, 221, 340
Crop yield 6, 13, 17, 19, 20, 22, 29, 33, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43,
44, 45, 46, 47, 54, 55, 57, 59, 61, 62, 63, 68, 69, 73, 77,
79, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 102, 104,
105, 109, 110, 111, 114, 115, 118, 120, 121, 122, 131, 132,
134, 136, 139, 140, 141, 148, 154, 155, 157, 158, 160, 161,
165, 169, 172, 173, 175, 176, 177, 187, 190, 193, 194, 196,
197, 205, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 216, 218, 220, 221, 226,
231, 234, 237, 238, 242, 246, 247, 255, 256, 261, 264, 265,
272, 273, 281, 283, 285, 286, 287, 290, 293, 295, 299, 300,
301, 302, 312, 314, 318, 319, 322, 324, 326, 330, 337, 339,
340, 342, 347, 348, 351, 352, 354, 356, 359, 363, 374, 381,
383, 386, 387, 388, 389, 391
Cropping systems 4, 7, 21, 56, 133, 147, 182, 207, 212, 234,
245, 258, 294, 327, 339, 390
Crops 142, 227, 305
Crosses 72
Crotalaria juncea 112
Cruciferae 8
Crude protein 92, 154, 237, 251, 268, 273, 285, 331, 388
Cucumis melo 52, 315
Cucumis sativus 295
Cultivars 5, 6, 29, 47, 53, 54, 65, 71, 92, 110, 116, 122,
126, 130, 135, 136, 139, 140, 141, 151, 157, 168, 169, 171,
187, 193, 197, 205, 208, 220, 225, 231, 236, 237, 240, 247,
258, 261, 281, 292, 295, 319, 320, 326, 330, 331, 333, 337,
340, 363, 364, 367, 375, 387
Cultivation 21, 184
Cultural control 63, 107, 117, 188, 208, 243, 254, 292, 294,
306, 377
Cultural heritage 189
Cultural methods 295
Cultural weed control 58, 218
Cutans 230
Cutting 101, 263
Cutting date 279
Cutting frequency 108, 120, 206, 322
Cutting height 108
Cutting programs 141
Cycling 317
Cynodon dactylon 13, 19, 154, 260, 366, 388, 391
Cyprus 266
Cytochrome b 361
Dactylis glomerata 44, 110, 197, 244, 292, 312, 336
Dairy farming 12
Dalbulus maidis 199
Datura metel 105�
Datura stramonium 105
Daucus carota 216, 254
Decision making 2, 64, 82, 95, 278, 371
Decomposition 65, 150
Deep water rice 91
Defense mechanisms 145, 305
Defoliation 108, 117, 322, 370
Deforestation 230, 235
Dehydration 378, 379
Delaware 287, 319
Deletions 277
Deltamethrin 215
Demonstration farms 360
Denitrification 67
Density 40, 52
Deposition 309
Desmanthus 161
Desmodium 284
Developing countries 189
Developmental stages 70, 367
Diabrotica virgifera 127
Diallel analysis 42
Diammonium phosphate 209
Dichlorvos 188
Dieback 131
Digestibility 388
Digitaria sanguinalis 66, 181
Dioscorea rotundata 22, 40, 84
Direct sowing 143, 222, 293
Discing 232
Disease control 64
Disease models 64
Disease prevalence 239, 246
Disease resistance 64, 130, 236
Disease surveys 246
Disease transmission 117, 199, 375
Disease vectors 107, 199
Disturbed soils 325
Ditylenchus 276
Diurnal variation �378, 379
Diversification 227
Diversity 207, 239
Dna 277
Dna libraries 32
Dna polymerase 373
Dominican republic 147
Double cropping 2, 7, 10, 25, 33, 53, 54, 60, 61, 62, 65, 66,
69, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 82, 95, 104, 119, 125, 130, 147, 150,
177, 181, 183, 194, 195, 196, 225, 226, 231, 258, 265, 282,
287, 288, 295, 296, 319, 320, 324, 326, 333, 337, 339, 350,
357, 374, 381, 389
Drechslera 246
Drilling 169, 325
Drills 335
Drosophila melanogaster 42
Drought 69
Drought resistance 355
Droughtmaster 178, 179
Dry conditions 69
Dry farming 61, 79, 139, 165, 324
Dry matter 47, 65, 237, 369
Dry matter accumulation 10, 13, 19, 41, 44, 54, 72, 73, 80,
81, 99, 104, 116, 122, 131, 141, 154, 157, 159, 163, 171, 172,
175, 180, 210, 264, 266, 272, 285, 312, 318, 325, 336, 341,
345, 388, 391
Dry season 226
Dynamics 369
Ecology 189, 371
Econometric models 148
Economic analysis 1, 115, 165, 207, 290, 301, 342
Economic evaluation 22, 137, 327
Economic impact 146, 148
Economic thresholds 238
Economic viability 319
Ecosystems 21, 31, 144, 332, 377
Effects 108
Efficacy 33
Efficiency 133, 134
Elasticities 137
Eleusine coracana 96
Elymus elongatus 298, 325
Elymus hispidus 298, 356
Elymus repens 292, 356
Elymus trachycaulus 325
Empoasca 192
Empoasca dolichi 275
Empoasca fabae 311
Endophytes 97, 98
Energy conservation 359
Energy consumption 133, 134
Energy value 22
England 169, 276, 293, 364
Environmental factors 99, 193, 232
Environmental impact 27
Enzyme activity 373
Epidemiology 243
Epilachna 192
Epilachna varivestis 103
Epistasisp 116
Eptc 221
Equations 26, 343
Equilibrium moisture content 379
Equipment 259
Eroded soils 324
Erodibility 60, 374
Erodium botrys 280
Erosion 146, 234, 235, 334
Erosion control 37, 211, 219, 343
Erysiphe graminis 32, 246
Essential oil plants 301
Establishment 143, 214
Estimation 26
Ethephon 136
Ethiopia 209, 337
Eugenol 27
Evaluation 64, 138, 204
Evaporation 230
Evapotranspiration 142, 319, 381
Experimental stations 16
Fallow 41, 70, 182, 317, 324, 334
Farm budgeting 82
Farm enterprises 304
Farm income 2, 132
Farm inputs 7
Farm machinery 48, 274
Farm management 7, 95, 222, 274, 371
Farm planning 185
Farm size 48, 207
Farm surveys 362
Farm workers 274
Farmers' attitudes 2, 327
Farming systems 21, 327, 376
Feasibility studies 25
Federal programs 95, 146
Feed grains 213
Feed intake 14, 298
Ferric ions 71
Fertilization 25
Fertilizer requirement determination 81, 124, 211, 324
Fertilizers 21, 34, 139, 168, 253, 300, 363, 383
Festuca 233
Festuca arundinacea 25, 67, 92, 110, 171, 180, 264, 292, 299,
388
Festuca pratensis 159
Fiber 273, 388
Fiber content 49, 92, 157, 237, 331
Fiber quality 135
Field capacity 350
Field crops 245, 363
Field experimentation 274, 302
Field tests 105
Fields 63, 81
Filling period 288, 326
Finland 203
Flight 153, 199
Florida 53, 154, 202, 232, 251, 252, 258, 274, 284, 339, 350,
351
Flowering 55, 320
Fluazifop 216
Fodder 285
Fodder crops 6, 37, 79, 253, 260
Fodder legumes 202
Fodder plants 363
Foliage 130, 307
Foliar application 270
Foliar diagnosis 143
Food chains 21
Forage 13, 14, 49, 156, 157, 158, 161, 218, 221, 232, 237,
251, 252, 272, 273, 286, 298, 330, 331, 368, 387, 388
Forecasting 291
Forest soils 124
Forest trees 214
Forests 230
Fragiudalfs 231
Free living nematodes 21
Frequency dependent selection 64
Fungal diseases 145, 306
Fungi 373
Fungicides 27, 33, 246
Fungus control 117
Fusarium 306
Galls 105
Gene expression 32, 35, 145, 361
Gene mapping 305
Genes 277
Genetic analysis 277
Genetic change 250
Genetic code 373
Genetic differences 151, 240
Genetic engineering 305
Genetic improvement 37, 305
Genetic regulation 145
Genetic resistance 236
Genetic variance 163
Genetic variation 163, 239
Genotype environment interaction 130, 163
Genotype mixtures 42, 47, 71, 92, 139, 151, 273
Genotype nutrition interaction 163
Genotypes 195, 257
Geocoris punctipes 52
Geographical distribution 155, 276
Georgia 33, 52, 60, 65, 177, 183, 264, 324, 334, 391
German federal republic 306
Germplasm 151, 176
Ghana 262
Gibberella fujikuroi 145
Gibberellic acid 145
Glomus etunicatum 202
Glomus intraradices 224, 256
Glomus versiforme 255
Glycine 125, 333
Glycine max 2, 30, 31, 60, 61, 66, 69, 76, 77, 100, 104, 119,
121, 130, 136, 149, 175, 181, 183, 193, 194, 196, 198, 220,
224, 240, 244, 255, 261, 269, 281, 282, 287, 288, 296, 308,
319, 320, 329, 334, 338, 347, 350, 354, 357, 375, 381
Glyphosate 66, 101, 169, 263, 295, 381
Gossypium 43, 56
Gossypium hirsutum 76, 215, 217, 303
Grain 41, 57, 59, 61, 79, 89, 148, 165, 193, 210, 265, 285,
288, 318, 324, 340, 381
Grain crops 79, 213, 245
Gramineae 23, 166, 191, 325
Grass clippings 254, 346
Grass strips 67
Grass sward 47, 62, 97, 98, 171, 176, 263, 276, 279, 312, 345
Grass waterways 334
Grasses 36, 51, 184, 218, 363
Grassland improvement 99, 232, 368
Grassland management 120, 141, 178, 179, 264, 279, 388
Grasslands 201, 276, 380
Grazing 77, 178, 179, 368
Grazing effects 86, 120, 129, 141, 156, 232, 233, 279, 284,
298
Grazing intensity 108, 284, 298
Grazing systems 167, 253
Grazing trials 156
Green manures 87, 182
Greenhouse culture 105
Greening 35
Gross margins 7
Ground cover 221, 357
Ground vegetation 343
Groundwater 332
Groundwater pollution 34
Groundwater recharge 142
Growth 51, 70, 89, 93, 105, 122, 126, 131, 143, 170, 174,
214, 224, 247, 267, 380, 385
Growth inhibitors 126
Growth models 179, 226, 342
Growth rate 10, 44, 57, 59, 69, 79, 80, 108, 129, 171, 175,
176, 179, 265, 298, 312
Guidelines 354
Habit 92
Habitat selection 217
Habitats 15, 31
Hapludults 334, 374
Hardwoods 214
Harrowing 79
Harvesting 87, 185
Harvesting date 10, 172, 237, 273, 313, 331
Hay 218
Heading 326
Heat shock 35
Hedgerow intercropping 4, 349
Hedgerow plants 131
Helianthus annuus 242, 296
Helicoverpa armigera 114, 215, 275
Hemarthria altissima 49, 154, 232
Herbage 14, 47, 92, 97, 98, 110, 120, 180, 272, 279, 284,
298, 345, 369
Herbage crops 178, 179
Herbicide mixtures 66, 181
Herbicide resistance 305
Herbicides 27, 38, 51, 143, 219, 238, 260, 382
Heritability 163
Heterodera 276�
High water tables 225
High yielding varieties 371
Highlands 131, 192, 209, 245
Himachal pradesh 240
History 182, 358
Hoeing 238, 382
Holcus lanatus 44
Honduras 11
Hordeum vulgare 32, 35, 59, 62, 70, 80, 157, 158, 169, 190,
216, 246, 267, 273, 286, 292, 293, 297, 306, 348, 364, 387
Horizons 60
Host parasite relationships 203
Hosts of plant pests 188
Humid tropics 40
Hybrid varieties 115
Hybrids 47, 51, 55
Hypena scabra 198
Idaho 237
Illinois 30, 153, 375
Immobilization 316
Improvement 135
In vitro 389
In vitro digestibility 14, 47, 49, 92, 161, 251, 284, 345
Inbred lines 91
Inceptisols 230
Incidence 30, 112, 156, 199, 276, 306
Incorporation 41, 65, 131
Indexes 137
India 3, 91, 112, 133, 134, 300
Indiana 100
Indigenous knowledge 189
Indigofera hirsuta 49
Indonesia 83, 227, 235, 236, 297
Infections 306, 307
Infestation 63, 88, 177
Infiltration 334
Infrared spectroscopy 26
Inheritance 116
Inhibition 44
Innovation adoption 2, 95, 371
Innovations 147, 342
Inoculation methods 202
Inoculum density 375
Inorganic phosphorus 81
Input output analysis 134
Insect communities 31
Insect control 30, 52, 97, 98, 112, 114, 188, 208, 275, 305,
362, 375
Insect pests 63, 203, 204, 294, 358, 375, 390
Insect repellents 8
Insect traps 30
Insecticides 8, 208
Integer programming 146
Integrated control 362
Integrated pest management 8, 27, 105, 183, 358, 362, 377
Interactions 29, 206, 243, 244, 256, 318, 364
Intercropping 1, 8, 11, 17, 18, 20, 22, 24, 27, 29, 31, 40,
41, 43, 45, 46, 52, 58, 59, 62, 63, 68, 76, 79, 83, 84, 85,
88, 89, 90, 100, 101, 106, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 117,
118, 121, 122, 123, 124, 127, 128, 131, 137, 139, 149, 155,
158, 165, 169, 170, 172, 173, 175, 176, 182, 186, 187, 188,
190, 192, 203, 204, 205, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214,
215, 228, 235, 236, 240, 242, 243, 244, 254, 255, 257, 261,
262, 263, 272, 275, 283, 285, 290, 297, 301, 302, 303, 307,
309, 311, 313, 315, 317, 318, 321, 323, 329, 341, 342, 347,
354, 358, 362, 363, 367, 377, 378, 382, 383, 390
Intercrops 63, 96, 102, 103, 109, 132, 267, 269, 270, 341,
379, 387
Interest rates 95
International organizations 27
Interplanting 72, 74, 76, 94, 126, 136, 160, 166, 193, 198,
216, 217, 218, 220, 221, 222, 223, 328, 386
Interrill erosion 324
Interspecific competition 37, 45, 46, 92, 110, 122, 131, 186,
203, 270, 280, 329, 330, 388
Intraspecific competition 280
Iowa 34, 193, 222, 332, 359, 360
Ipomoea batatas 90, 131
Iron 71, 173
Irrigated conditions 61, 194, 302, 337, 370
Irrigated farming 119, 134, 272
Irrigation 158, 165, 225, 291, 324, 355, 381, 387
Irrigation requirements 278
Irrigation scheduling 97, 98, 139, 226, 278
Irrigation systems 7, 227
Irrigation water 227
Isotope dilution 270, 338
Isotope labeling 101, 150, 270, 352
Israel 7, 386
Jammu and kashmir 301
Java 160, 192, 327
Kalanchoe daigremontiana 162
Kansas 95, 150, 161, 315
Kaolinite 230
Karnataka 278
Kentucky 69, 210, 263
Kenya 63, 105, 115
Labor 207
Lactuca sativa 109
Lambs 14, 156
Lamium purpureum 340
Land diversion 146
Land evaluation 41
Land productivity 290, 325
Land use 7, 12, 17, 230, 359
Larvae 42, 88, 188, 198
Lathyrus sativus 45, 46
Leaching 287, 310
Leaf age p117
Leaf area 80, 172, 175
Leaf spotting 239
Leaf water potential 378, 379
Leaves 71, 141, 246, 307, 314, 379
Legumes 24, 94, 184, 186, 317
Leguminosae 23, 152, 161, 368
Length 40, 141, 255
Lespedeza 161
Leucaena 349
Leucaena diversifolia 131
Leucaena leucocephala 131, 137, 160
Ligases 162
Light 160, 261
Light intensity 221, 383
Light relations 68, 171
Light transmission 136
Lime 233, 351
Limestone soils 201
Liming 231
Linaria vulgaris 70
Line differences 163, 239
Linear programming 185
Lines 139, 163, 239
Linum usitatissimum 165
Linuron 66, 181, 382
Liriomyza huidobrensis 247
Literature reviews 21, 186, 189, 245, 248, 249, 377
Live mulches 182, 216
Livestock 18
Livestock numbers 12
Liveweight gain 14, 129, 156, 178, 179
Loam soils 211
Lobularia maritima 358
Loci 250
Lodging 37
Lolium 94, 268, 330, 331
Lolium multiflorum 6, 47, 154, 158, 167, 190, 212, 231, 330,
331, 387, 389
Lolium perenne 14, 44, 47, 97, 98, 108, 116, 126, 129, 141,
171, 206, 233, 276, 292, 312, 314, 322, 330, 331, 345, 369,
386
Long term experiments 59, 178, 231
Losses from soil systems 65, 131, 211, 324, 334, 374
Lotus corniculatus 25, 73, 92, 120, 156, 159, 180, 264
Lotus uliginosus 159
Louisiana 82, 167, 231, 268, 304, 389
Lowland areas 79, 91
Lupinus angustifolius 107, 228
Lupinus arboreus 143
Lycopersicon esculentum 81, 105, 115, 225, 275, 295, 323
Macronutrients 251
Macroptilium atropurpureum 99
Macroptilium lathyroides 26, 284
Magnesian limestone 231
Magnesium 231
Maize 18, 102, 103, 304, 365
Maize rayado fino marafivirus 199
Maize silage 210
Malawi 207
Management 87
Manganese 231
Manihot esculenta 22, 106, 117, 122, 124, 187, 230, 367, 371
Marginal land 25
Market prices 95
Maruca testulalis 114, 275
Maryland 149, 287, 311
Mathematical models 7, 42, 48, 95, 207, 278, 294, 297, 327,
343, 391
Maturation 55, 220, 273
Maturation period 10, 139, 210
Maturity 136
Maturity groups� 237
Mayetiola destructor 183
Measurement 26, 241, 270, 350, 374
Medicago littoralis 254
Medicago sativa 5, 6, 25, 38, 47, 51, 59, 72, 73, 86, 87,
101, 120, 155, 163, 166, 191, 217, 218, 221, 244, 256, 263,
272, 273, 292, 302, 309, 311, 330, 331, 335, 336, 356, 358,
369, 370
Medicago varia 93
Megalurothrips sjostedti 275
Melanagromyza 123
Melilotus alba 72
Melilotus officinalis 221, 325
Meloidogyne 276
Meloidogyne incognita 258
Meloidogyne javanica 105
Messenger RNA 35, 361
Metam 295
Metaseiulus occidentalis 217
Meteorological factors 199
Methiocarb 206
Metribuzin 181
Mexico 85, 212
Michigan 16, 155, 184
Microbial degradation 49
Microclimate 199
Microcomputers 48
Microirrigation 339
Microorganisms 44
Microtermes 112
Migration 144
Millet 128
Millets 134, 137, 342
Mined land 325
Mineral content 13, 71, 81, 251, 252
Mineral deficiencies 71, 173, 252
Mineral nutrition 262
Mineralization 150, 263, 316
Minimum tillage 59, 205
Minnesota 12, 37, 38, 148, 156, 242
Mississippi 13, 19, 61, 77, 176, 181, 253, 299, 357, 388
Mitochondria 373
Mitochondrial DNA 361
Mixed cropping 1, 55, 91, 92, 105, 107, 116, 138, 140, 144,
152, 153, 154, 156, 169, 174, 199, 200, 230, 237, 242, 246,
247, 248, 249, 262, 271, 305, 306, 322, 338, 352, 365, 375
Mixed pastures 13, 23, 26, 47, 49, 73, 81, 97, 98, 110, 129,
141, 142, 171, 180, 206, 251, 252, 276, 279, 284, 312, 345,
366, 385
Models 138, 203, 328
Modification 60
Modulation 269
Moisture 55, 307
Moisture content 54, 157
Molecular conformation 361
Molinia 233
Monitoring 30
Monocalcium phosphate 13
Monoculture 30, 31, 40, 44, 61, 68, 79, 80, 92, 117, 140,
156, 160, 176, 190, 193, 199, 200, 203, 210, 211, 220, 237,
240, 242, 280, 318, 363, 367, 370, 386, 390
Montana 87
Morphogenesis 35
Morphology 102
Motad 185
Mountain areas 245, 264
Movement 15, 144, 153, 328
Movement in soil 287
Mulches 131
Mulching 78, 254, 315
Multiple cropping 48, 133, 134, 189, 241, 274, 278, 300, 334,
348, 353, 371, 376
Multiple use 79
Multivariate analysis 12
Musa 17, 117, 230
Mutagenesis 277
Mutants 277
Mycoplasmal diseases 199
Mycorrhizal fungi 202
Mycorrhizas 255
Mycosphaerella fijiensis 117
Myrmecophilous plants 39
Mythimna unipuncta 127
Myzus persicae 107, 192
Nardus 233
Natural enemies 113, 367, 377
Natural grasslands 99, 233, 368
Nebraska 136, 316
Nematicidal plants 105
Nematode control 105, 292
Nepal 121, 245, 261
Netherlands 297
Neurospora 373
Neurospora crassa 373
New South Wales 296, 370, 380, 385
New York 223
Niger �139, 172, 285, 342
Nigeria 22, 40, 84, 106, 117, 124, 132, 140, 187, 208, 275,
317, 323, 338, 352, 362, 371, 376, 382
Nitrate 170, 263
Nitrate nitrogen 150, 263, 316, 389
Nitrates 34, 332
Nitrogen 13, 65, 72, 101, 102, 104, 150, 155, 180, 193, 224,
228, 242, 255, 263, 266, 269, 270, 300, 309, 316, 318, 322,
332, 338, 352, 374
Nitrogen content 49, 73, 163, 170, 180, 210, 256, 293
Nitrogen cycle 73, 101, 163, 341
Nitrogen fertilizers 54, 68, 93, 104, 120, 121, 129, 141,
194, 206, 211, 242, 261, 262, 264, 265, 268, 283, 310, 323,
326, 352, 389, 391
Nitrogen fixation 23, 24, 72, 73, 94, 104, 121, 152, 170,
174, 180, 186, 219, 228, 241, 257, 261, 262, 264, 266, 267,
270, 271, 293, 296, 309, 338, 352, 386
Nitrogen retention 293
No-tillage 31, 51, 57, 60, 66, 77, 79, 127, 181, 222, 232,
263, 265, 287, 288, 296, 316, 324, 350, 374
Nodulation 121, 174, 270, 271, 296
Nonpreference 292
North Carolina 104, 146, 220
North Dakota 1, 165, 213, 325
Nova Scotia 197
Npk fertilizers 173, 325
Nucleotide sequences 32, 162, 250, 361, 373
Nutrient availability 13, 41, 44, 71, 73, 81, 150, 231, 251,
252, 263, 287
Nutrient balance 256
Nutrient content 13, 72, 81, 224, 237, 251, 252, 255, 287,
351, 388
Nutrient nutrient interactions 13
Nutrient requirements 13, 170, 322, 365
Nutrient sources 266
Nutrient transport 269, 288
Nutrient uptake 53, 71, 81, 101, 104, 150, 163, 224, 263,
266, 283, 287, 288, 318, 332, 345, 352, 389
Nutritive value 47, 49, 156, 161, 284, 285, 331, 345, 368,
369, 389
Odontotermes 112
Ohio 31, 127, 198
Oklahoma 335
Onobrychis viciifolia 298
Ontario 10, 54, 59, 205, 211, 214, 244, 269
Ootheca mutabilis 275
Operating costs 48
Ophiomyia centrosematis 123
Ophiomyia phaseoli 123
Optimization 64
Optimization methods 327
Organic farming 109
Organic fertilizers 348
Organic matter 14, 251
Organophosphorus compounds 81
Ornamental woody plants 36
Oryza sativa 29, 79, 82, 91, 147, 151, 152, 174, 226, 227,
271, 318, 326, 348, 352, 361
Ostrinia furnacalis 321
Ostrinia nubilalis 127
Oversowing 19, 99, 167, 178, 179, 232, 233, 238, 253, 260,
284, 308, 366, 368, 388, 391
Overwintering 358
Oviposition 188
Panicum maximum 99
Panicum virgatum 25, 161
Paraquat 66, 169, 263, 295
Parasites of insect pests 204, 367
Parasitoids 113, 198, 328
Paratrichodorus minor 258
Paspalum dilatatum 13
Paspalum notatum 26, 49, 154, 202, 251, 252, 284, 391
Pastoralism 189
Pasture legumes 341
Pasture plants 142, 222
Pastures 14, 81, 168, 222, 230, 233, 264, 368, 388
Pathogenesis-related proteins 145
Pathogenicity 105, 243
Patterns 48, 329
Peanuts 137
Pearl millet 268
Pedigree 151
Penetrometers 350
Pennisetum Americanum 139, 172, 285, 292, 378, 379, 389
Pennisetum purpureum 160
Pennsylvania 47, 369
Perception 362
Perennials 138, 273, 388
Permanent grasslands 312
Peroxidase 32
Persistence 47, 156, 161, 176
Peru� 195, 247
Pest control 63, 206
Pest management 88, 246, 311
Pest resistance 294, 367
Pesticide mixtures 206
Pesticides 21, 27
Petalostemon 161
Petalostemon purpureum 161
Phaeoisariopsis griseola 239
Phalaris aquatica 370, 380, 385
Phalaris arundinacea 25, 67, 73, 244, 292, 336
Pharbitis hederacea 181
Phaseolus 16, 270
Phaseolus coccineus 85
Phaseolus lunatus 230
Phaseolus vulgaris 17, 33, 102, 103, 111, 114, 115, 118, 123,
131, 153, 194, 199, 200, 212, 213, 239, 243, 307
Phenology 10
Philippines 79, 283, 318, 321
Phleum pratense 47, 120, 159, 256, 292, 312, 336
Phosphatesc 224
Phosphorus 13, 41, 231, 256, 283, 300
Phosphorus fertilizers 41, 93, 224, 233, 256, 262
Photosynthesis 171, 175
Phthorimaea operculella 88
Phyllotreta cruciferae 144
Physicochemical properties 230
Phytochrome 35
Phytotoxicity 260
Picloram 86
Pieris rapae 8
Pigeon peas 137
Pinus sylvestris 315
Pisum sativum 109, 157, 173, 237, 267, 273, 364
Planning 334
Plant analysis 255, 287, 388
Plant breeding 176, 305, 356
Plant communities 233
Plant competition 43, 44, 86, 92, 110, 116, 169, 175, 176,
186, 193, 201, 216, 221, 242, 243, 263, 273, 297, 318, 322,
330, 356, 380
Plant composition 256, 345
Plant density 58, 70, 96, 121, 160, 181, 187, 199, 205, 261,
325, 370
Plant disease control 117, 206, 236, 239, 243, 246, 306, 375
Plant diseases 130, 199
Plant ecology 280
Plant embryos 145
Plant height 10, 54, 80, 116, 122, 129, 131, 136, 140, 171,
173, 216, 265
Plant interaction 269
Plant morphology 280, 314
Plant nutrition 170, 194, 255, 270, 317, 365
Plant parasitic nematodes 276, 292
Plant pathogenic fungi 33, 246
Plant pathogens 64
Plant physiology 240
Plant protection 8, 372
Plant proteins 341
Plant residues 51
Plant viruses 305
Plant water relations 85, 378, 379, 380
Plantations 36
Planters 76
Planting 168, 287, 329, 335
Planting date 3, 104, 183, 209, 288, 290, 381
Plasmid vectors 277
Plasmids 162, 373
Plastic film 75, 225, 315
Plowing 79
Plutella xylostella 8, 188
Poa pratensis 159, 292
Pods 63, 208, 307
Pollination 55
Polymerase chain reaction 277
Popillia japonica 103
Population density 15, 114, 188, 203, 258, 272, 276, 311, 321
Population dynamics 21, 123, 203, 247, 297, 307, 325, 367
Population ecology 144
Populations 307, 314
Populus 332
Postharvest treatment 263
Pot experimentation 44
Potassium 13, 231, 287, 288, 300, 351
Potassium chloride 13, 287
Potassium sulfate 302
Potatoes 289
Pratylenchus penetrans 292
Precipitation 155, 287, 388
Predators of insect pests 52, 127, 217, 321, 367
Prediction 343
Preplanting treatment 320
Prince edward Island 197, 313
Probabilistic models 2, 371
Probability 334
Probability analysis 334
Probit analysis 371
Problem analysis 348
Production costs 84, 95
Production possibilities 126, 137, 297
Productivity 14, 22, 79, 131, 301, 368
Profitability 2, 22, 79, 83, 100, 146, 193
Program participants 146
Projections 304
Promoters 361
Propachlor 382
Propiconazole 206
Propyzamide 143
Protein 213
Protein content 49, 93, 157, 251, 285, 302
Provenance 47
Pruning 131, 139
Psathyrostachys juncea 86, 356
Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides 306
Pseudogenes 361
Pseudomonas solanacearum 236
Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea 130
Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola 307
Psila rosae 254
Psophocarpus tetragonolobus 170, 210
Pterostichus cupreus 15
Pterostichus melanarius 15
Puccinia recondita 246
Puccinia striiformis 64
Punctodera 276
Pyrethrins 27
Quantitative traits 116
Quebec 224
Queensland 99, 178, 179
Quercus 67
Questionnaires 362
Races 64
Rain 41, 69, 99, 129, 134, 211, 221, 226, 307, 334, 374
Rain forests 371
Range management 341
Range pastures 99
Rangelands 72, 86
Ratios 72, 137, 193, 213, 290
Ratooning 147, 326
Reclamation 325
Regional surveys 37
Regression analysis 150
Regrowth 263, 298�
Relationships 42
Relay cropping 172, 175, 186, 315, 329
Replanting 195
Reproduction 385
Residual effects 193, 300, 316, 345
Resistance to penetration 350
Resource management 274
Resowing 5, 57
Respiration 322
Responses 51, 108, 320
Retention 307
Returns 79, 83, 94, 95, 146, 148, 165, 185, 237, 238, 304,
315, 327
Revegetation 325
Reviews 8
Rhizobium 73
Rhizobium leguminosarum 44, 267
Rhizobium trifolii 386
Rhizoctonia cerealis 306
Rhizoctonia solani 33
Rhizosphere 309
Rhode Island 67
Rhopalosiphum maidis 153, 375
Rhopalosiphum padi 203
Rhynchosporium secalis 246
Rice 134, 304
Ridging 205
Rill erosion 60, 324
Risk 2, 12, 95, 185, 327, 334, 342
Root crops 248, 249
Root nodules 104, 309
Root vegetables 248, 249
Rooting depth 142
Roots 21, 40, 255, 267, 309, 318, 364, 379
Rosa damascena 301
Rotational grazing 141, 298
Rotations 51, 58, 59, 61, 106, 136, 182, 194, 236, 287, 346,
350, 359, 360, 374
Row orientation 57, 221, 295, 343
Row spacing 111, 121, 130, 196, 209, 214, 261, 288, 290, 295,
329, 343, 381
Rowcrops 221
Rumen flora 49
Runoff 211, 234, 324, 334, 374
Rust diseases 243
Rwanda 131
Saccharomyces cerevisiae 277
Sahel 285
Salicaceae 332
Salsola iberica 325
Sampling 26
Sandy soils 287, 339, 350
Sap 296
Saskatchewan 93
Saudi arabia 302
Savannas� 140
Scotland 108, 129
Scutellum 145
Seasonal development 369
Seasonal fluctuations 199, 314, 316, 334
Seasonal growth 193, 298
Seasonal variation 70, 72, 99, 142, 150, 155, 195, 221, 226,
243, 246, 251, 252, 388
Secale cereale 10, 25, 54, 154, 216, 246, 313, 334, 366
Secondary metabolites 162
Sediment 374
Seed banks 58, 232
Seed drills 354
Seed germination 145
Seed inoculation �168
Seed mixtures 135, 168, 221, 239, 281, 282, 294, 325, 336,
340
Seed potatoes 195
Seed production 126
Seed size 201
Seed weight 293
Seedbed preparation 99, 335
Seedbeds 357
Seedling emergence 5, 51, 201
Seeds 41, 61, 69, 93, 104, 122
Selection 48, 356
Selection criteria 176
Semiarid climate 72, 131, 325, 386
Septoria 130
Sequential cropping 59
Sesamum indicum 300
Sesbania sesban 131
Setaria sphacelata var. splendida 160
Sethoxydim 181
Sexual reproduction 104
Shade 175, 340
Shading 17, 18, 108, 173
Shear 60
Sheep 14, 129, 141, 156, 279, 298
Shifting cultivation 124, 189
Shoots 70, 318, 364
Shrubs 143
Siderophores 71
Silage 18
Silt loam soils 150, 389
Simulation 108
Simulation models 12, 48, 64, 150, 185, 226, 227, 274, 342
Site factors 72, 169, 195, 214
Size 141
Slope 334
Slugs 127
Small farms 83, 132, 147, 207
Sodium fertilizers 345
Soil 149, 251, 252
Soil acidity 231
Soil amendments 365
Soil analysis 346
Soil arthropods 21
Soil biology 21, 244
Soil chemistry 106
Soil classification 230
Soil compaction 230, 347, 350
Soil conservation 50, 146, 324, 374
Soil density 350
Soil depth 231, 287, 350
Soil fauna 230
Soil fertility 110, 131, 149, 152, 155, 182, 288, 309, 324,
341, 346
Soil flora 21, 44
Soil fungi 244
Soil inoculation 255, 256, 267, 283
Soil management 317, 346, 348
Soil morphology 230
Soil organic matter 21, 131, 263, 266, 324
Soil ph 67, 231, 325
Soil physical properties 106, 244
Soil properties 17
Soil salinity 142, 325
Soil stabilization 211
Soil sterilization 44
Soil strength 350
Soil structure 59, 230, 244
Soil temperature 40, 51, 150, 230
Soil test values 351
Soil testing 287
Soil texture 346
Soil treatment 105
Soil types 67
Soil types (genetic) 81, 251, 252
Soil variability 324
Soil water 41, 221
Soil water balance 226
Soil water content 40, 51, 57, 69, 79, 150, 242, 287, 316,
350
Soil water regimes 230
Soil water retention 41, 334, 374
Soils 289
Solanum 195
Solanum tuberosum 88, 115, 192, 247, 290, 313
Solar radiation 312
Sole cropping� 174, 208, 242, 262, 285, 320
Solubilization 71
Somalia 41
Sorghastrum nutans 161
Sorghum 18, 41, 53, 89, 95, 137, 150, 208, 215, 296, 382
Sorghum bicolor 11, 25, 30, 60, 61, 65, 96, 113, 131, 140,
150, 194, 213, 231, 258, 265, 297, 304, 324, 375
Sorghum bicolor x sorghum sudanense 53
Sorghum stubble 41
South Africa 194
South Carolina 68, 175, 347
South Dakota 5
Southern states of U.S.A. 374
Sowing 155, 191, 336
Sowing date 10, 51, 69, 93, 99, 172, 197, 221, 313
Sowing methods 209, 313, 335
Sowing rates 190, 216, 272, 330, 331, 369
Sown grasslands 86, 312, 366, 368
Soybean 353
Soybean mosaic potyvirus 375
Soybeans 18, 95, 134, 304, 327
Space requirements 280
Spacing 363
Spatial distribution 70, 336
Spatial variation 63, 155, 255
Species 209
Species differences 209, 330
Species diversity 21, 31, 109, 201, 280
Split dressings 194
Spodoptera frugiperda 11, 177
Spodosols 202, 251, 252
Spore dispersal 243
Spread 107, 153, 199, 200
Spring 171, 232, 265, 279
Spring and winter habit 62
Sprinkler irrigation 7, 319
Sri lanka 138, 226, 257
Stability 59, 64, 374
Staking 84
Stand characteristics 369
Stand density 108, 129, 149, 279
Stand establishment 70, 99, 202, 232, 238, 284, 368, 369
Stand structure 62
Statistical analysis 129
Statistics 53, 351
Steers 284
Stellaria media 340
Stems 326
Sterile insect release O8
Stipa viridula 325
Stochastic processes 12, 185
Stochastic programming 327
Stocking rate 14, 77, 129, 178, 179, 284, 368
Stolons 141, 279, 314
Storms 374
Stover 213
Strains 373
Stream flow 291
Strength 135
Stress 55, 71, 149
Stress conditions 149
Stress response 378
Strip cropping 15, 34, 57, 67, 100, 332, 346, 359, 360
Structural change 12
Structural genes 145, 162, 361
Stubble 381
Stylosanthes 128
Stylosanthes fruticosa 285
Stylosanthes hamata 178, 179, 285
Subsistence farming 139, 371
Subsoiling 350
Substitution 137
Subsurface application 150
Subtropics 121, 261
Sucrose 238
Summer 171, 232, 334
Superphosphates 178
Supply 207
Supply balance 235
Suppression 263
Surface layers 60, 307, 316
Survival 44, 314, 325, 367
Sustainability 21, 23, 24, 27, 170, 177, 182, 186, 246, 332,
368
Sward renovation 232
Sweden 254
Switzerland 201
Symbiosis 39, 104, 261, 309
Symptoms 307
Systems 51
Tachinidae 198
Tagetes minuta 105
Taiwan 151
Tamil nadu 363
Tanzania 111, 114, 118, 123, 307
Target prices 95
Temperate climate 301
Temperature 129, 385
Temporal variation 41, 60, 65, 193, 211, 273, 287, 307, 325
Tennessee 196, 265
Tephrosia candida 317
Terraces 334
Terracing 235
Tetranychidae 217
Tetraploidy 47
Texas 326
Theobroma cacao 230
Thinning 238
Thinopyrum 356
Thrips 192, 208
Thrips palmi 192
Tillage 10, 31, 51, 59, 60, 130, 177, 181, 183, 287, 316,
324, 334, 347, 348, 350, 351, 374
Tillering 108, 173, 369
Tillers 139
Time 185
Timing 181, 216, 232, 265
Top dressings 325, 326
Total digestible nutrients 237
Trace elements 252
Traditional farming 376
Traditional society 189
Trafficability 350
Transcription 361, 373
Transfer 72, 228, 255, 256, 269, 271
Transposable elements 250
Trap crops 188
Trapping 31
Trees 138, 143
Trialeurodes 367
Trials 209
Trickle irrigation 7, 315
Tridemorph 206
Trifolium 168, 209, 279
Trifolium alexandrinum 87, 386
Trifolium ambiguum 156
Trifolium hybridum 120, 221
Trifolium incarnatum 57, 60, 154, 299, 324, 391
Trifolium pratense 36, 59, 73, 155, 211, 221, 244, 299
Trifolium repens 14, 20, 44, 73, 97, 98, 108, 110, 116, 126,
129, 141, 169, 176, 180, 197, 206, 233, 276, 293, 299, 312,
314, 345, 370, 380, 385, 388
Trifolium resupinatum 87
Trifolium subterraneum 19, 171, 299, 370, 388, 391
Trifolium vesiculosum 299, 391
Triple superphosphate 209, 302
Triticale 62, 157, 237, 286
Triticum 64, 209, 333, 337, 347, 357, 364, 365, 383
Triticum aestivum 2, 54, 59, 61, 62, 65, 69, 76, 80, 93, 119,
150, 155, 165, 175, 181, 183, 194, 196, 246, 265, 282, 286,
287, 292, 302, 306, 329, 340, 348, 351, 354, 381
Trophic levels 21
Tropical fruits 355
Tropical grasslands 368
Tropical rain forests 275
Tropical soils 106
Tropical zones 230
Tropics 195
Tubers 122
Tumors 162
Turkey 125, 333
Udic regimes 374
Uganda 17, 96
Uk 80, 97, 98, 345
Ultisols 40, 65, 230, 317, 324
Uncertainty 185
Undersowing 136, 273
University research 16
Upland areas 327
Upland rice 352
Urea 122, 193
Urea ammonium nitrate 320
Urea fertilizers 173, 209, 302
Ureides 296
Uroleucon ambrosiae 200
Uromyces appendiculatus 243
Use efficiency 41, 288
Utah 72
Utilization 226
Uttar pradesh 341, 383�
Validity 226
Value theory 291
Variation 230
Varietal reactions 122, 340
Varietal resistance 8, 239, 305
Varietal susceptibility 292, 367
Varieties 64, 91, 314
Variety trials 55, 356, 387
Vegetables 78, 186, 245, 339, 376
Vegetation 51, 198
Vegetation management 328
Veronica 340
Vertisols 29, 41
Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizas 202, 270
Vicia faba 109, 144, 157, 203, 290
Vicia sativa 144, 158, 266
Vicia villosa 316
Vigna parkeri 202
Vigna radiata 41, 79, 283, 296, 300, 318
Vigna unguiculata 41, 43, 63, 68, 79, 89, 113, 140, 172, 174,
208, 262, 271, 275, 296, 323, 342, 352, 362, 367, 378, 379
Vigor 370
Virginia 66, 287, 320
Virulence 239, 246, 307
Volunteer plants 45, 46, 183
Wales 14, 141, 143, 169, 276, 314
Water 149
Water allocation 278
Water availability 278
Water conservation 41, 226, 234
Water deficit 104, 378, 379
Water distribution 227
Water erosion 374
Water management 225, 227
Water quality 34, 332
Water requirements 227, 280, 355
Water reservoirs 278
Water stress 69, 79, 104, 380
Water supply 226, 227, 291
Water use 119, 242
Water use efficiency 139, 278, 381
Water, Underground 310
Watershed management 34
Watersheds 142, 334
Weather 274
Weather data 185
Weed biology 58, 70
Weed competition 149
Weed control 37, 38, 66, 86, 109, 132, 181, 191, 205, 238,
382
Weeding 221
Weeds 58, 181, 221, 272, 325
Weight 44
West Africa 152
Western australia 142
Wet season 226
Wetting 230
Wheat 95, 134, 304, 353
Wheat straw 337
Width 122
Wilts 236
Wind erosion 343
Wind speed 200
Winter 168, 260, 279, 313, 314, 334, 366, 385
Winter hardiness 47
Winter wheat 80, 155, 246, 329, 340
Wisconsin 6, 38, 51, 273
Wood products 235
Woodlands 143
Worm casts 106
Wyoming 238
Xanthium strumarium 181
Xylem 296
Yield components 43, 47, 62, 84, 91, 110, 125, 126, 160, 169,
175, 247, 265, 364, 389
Yield increases 242
Yield losses 51, 185, 195, 208, 290, 390
Yield response functions 13, 119, 149, 169, 282, 323, 391
Yields 137, 146, 163, 180, 213, 268, 309, 360, 369
Zaire 239
Zea mays 2, 10, 11, 20, 22, 31, 33, 40, 43, 51, 53, 54, 55,
57, 59, 61, 63, 68, 71, 84, 85, 100, 101, 111, 114, 115, 118,
121, 123, 124, 127, 131, 132, 136, 145, 149, 153, 155, 170,
173, 177, 187, 193, 194, 199, 200, 205, 210, 211, 221, 223,
224, 230, 240, 243, 244, 250, 255, 257, 258, 261, 262, 263,
269, 270, 283, 290, 297, 307, 316, 321, 334, 351, 367
Zimbabwe 43
Zingiber officinale 173