Compiled By:
Mary V. Gold
Alternative Farming Systems Information Center, Information Centers Branch
National Agricultural Library, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture
Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351

Organic Production: Economic Aspects

2.
NAL Call No.: TX1.H63
Alaskan direct-market consumers: perception of organic produce.
Swanson, R. B.; Lewis, C. E. Home-econ-res-j. v.22(2): p.138-155. (1993 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: organic foods; consumer preferences; dietary surveys; market surveys
Abstract: Perception of organic produce among Alaskan direct-market patrons (N = 417) was examined in a mailed survey. Response rate was 80%. Response frequency was tabulated, and relationships were delineated using chi-square analysis. Healthfulness of the food supply was a concern, despite a perception that quality and healthfulness of the food supply had improved since 1987. These attributes were also important in fresh produce selection. Organic produce preference was related to both environmental and personal-safety concerns. More than half of these consumers had purchased organic produce within the last year; supermarkets and direct markets were the primary sources. Although organic produce was not purchased exclusively, previous purchase increased the likelihood of future purchase. A certification process was desired. Half preferred a government certification agent; 28% preferred public and private sector involvement. Information dissemination should address (a) pesticide use for cosmetic purposes, b) appearance and food safety, (c) flavor and shipping characteristics, and (d) production method and nutritive content.

3.
NAL Call No.: HD9000.A1J68
Analysis of consumer attitudes toward oragnic produce and purchase likelihood.
Byrne, P. J.; Toensmeyer, U. C.; German, C. L.; Muller, H. R. J-Food-Distrib-Res. v.22(2): p.49-62. (1991 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: organic farming; fresh products; consumer attitudes; purchasing habits; consumer surveys; demography; probability analysis; delaware

4.
NAL Call No.: 100 D37S 1 no.502
An analysis of the consumer market for organically grown produce in Delaware.
Groff, A. J.; Toensmeyer, U. C.; Bacon, J. R.; University of Delaware. Agricultural Experiment Station. x, 105p. (University of Delaware, College of Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural Experiment Station, Newark, DE, 1994)
Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-105).
Descriptors: natural foods marketing-delaware

5.
NAL Call No.: HD9000.A1J68
Analysis of the Delaware market for organically grown produce.
Groff, A. J.; Kreider, C. R.; Toensmeyer, U. C. J-Food-Distrib-Res. v.24(1): p.118-126. (1993 Feb.)
In the series analytic: Managing challenges in food distribution. Proceedings of the 33rd annual meeting, November 4, 1992, Boston, Massachusetts.
Descriptors: organic foods; consumer behavior; food purchasing; probabilistic models; delaware

6.
NAL Call No.: SB379.A9A9
Apples in May.
McMullin, E. Calif-Grow. v.16(11): p.19-20. (1992 Nov.)
Descriptors: malus pumila; cultivars; spring; harvesting date; market planning; water costs; organic foods; prices; plant breeding; california

7.
NAL Call No.: S522.U5H37
Are you a victim of food anxiety?
Steinman, D. Harrowsmith-Ctry-Life. v.6(31): p.38-45. (1991 Jan.-1991 Feb.)
Descriptors: food safety; food contamination; consumer protection; pesticides; organic foods

8.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5
Attitudes of processors and distributors towards processing in the natural foods industry.
Raj, S.; Clancy, K. L. Biol-agric-hortic v.12(3): p.209-226. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: natural foods; food industry; food processing; standardization; attitudes; opinions; terminology; standard labeling; organic foods; food quality; regulations; surveys

9.
NAL Call No.: HD1751.C45
Attract consumers for the wrong reasons.
Huang, C. L. Choices. v.6(3): p.18-21. (1991)
Descriptors: organic foods; food misinformation; consumer surveys; consumer preferences; food industry; usa; georgia

10.
NAL Call No.: SB324.3.L44 1993
Backyard market gardening : the entrepreneur's guide to selling what you grow.
Lee, A. W. 1.; DeVault, G. ill., 351p. (Good Earth Publications, Burlington, Vt., 1993)
Includes bibliographical references (p. 344-346) and index.
Descriptors: truck farming; organic farming; fruit culture; vegetables-united states-marketing; fruit-united states-marketing; new business enterprises-united states; small business-united states

11.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.A43
Barriers to low-input agriculture adoption: a case study of Richmond County, Virginia.
Diebel, P. L.; Taylor, D. B.; Batie, S. S. Am-J-altern-agric. v.8(3): p.120-127. (1993)
Includes references.
Descriptors: low input agriculture; innovation adoption; case studies; organic farming; economic analysis; virginia; economic barriers
Abstract: We coupled a nonlinear mathematical programming model with sensitivity analysis and evaluated some economic barriers to adoption of low-input agriculture by farmers in Richmond County, Virginia. Collection of primary data made the model more realistic. We analyzed potential barriers to adoption, including poultry litter price, yields, labor requirements, and variable input costs. We found the adoption of low-input practices to be sensitive to the price of poultry litter and relatively insensitive to yields, labor requirements, and variable costs. However, when several of these harriers are combined, the model predicts that farmers would use conventional practices. Therefore analysis of the farm as a system rather than practice by practice is important when identifying the effects of economic barriers.

12.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.B46 1992
Benefits of diversity: an incentive towards sustainable agriculture.
Elsakker, B.; Witte, R.; Mansvelt, J. D. Environment and Natural Resources Group. ill.; xvi, 209p. (United Nations Development Programme, New York, 1992)
Authors: Boudewijn van Elzakker, Rob Witte, Jan Diek van Mansvelt--P. 207. Evaluation.
Descriptors: organic farming-case studies; sustainable agriculture-economic aspects; rural development

13.
NAL Call No.: 23 Au792
Biological farming for sustainable agricultural production.
Penfold, C. M.; Miyan, M. S.; Reeves, T. G.; Grierson, I. T. Aust-j-exp-agric. v.35(7): p.849-856. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: alternative farming; organic farming; crop production; profitability; environmental impact; sustainability; low input agriculture; farming systems; farming systems research; australia; biodynamic farming; integrated farming; productivity

14.
NAL Call No.: SB249.N6
A brief overview of naturally colored and organically grown niche cottons: production, marketing, processing, retailing.
Apodaca, J. K. Proc-Beltwide-Cotton-Conf. (Memphis, Tenn.: National Cotton Council of America). v.3: p.1403-1407. (1993)
Meeting held January 10-14, 1993, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Descriptors: gossypium; color; organic farming; crop production; retail marketing; processing; natural fibers

15.
NAL Call No.: S1.N32
Building on berries.
Bowman, G. New-farm. v.15(7): p.40-42, 59. (1993 Nov.-1993 Dec.)
Descriptors: small fruits; crop enterprises; organic farming; marketing; missouri

16.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.C3
California certified organic farmers ... certification handbook. Certification handbook.
California Certified Organic Farmers (Organization). (California Certified Organic Farmers, Santa Cruz, Calif, Published annually; description based on: 1989; title from cover.
Descriptors: organic farming-california-handbooks, manuals, etc.; organic farming-law and legislation-california-handbooks, manuals, etc.

17.
NAL Call No.: SB950.2.A1J58
California strawberries: pesticides used and their alternatives.
Baker, B. J-pestic-reform v.13(3): p.24-28. (1993 Fall)
Includes references.
Descriptors: fragaria; pesticide residues; methyl bromide; fumigation; soil sterilization; organic farming; crop production; plant diseases; arthropod pests; weed control; costs; returns; california

18.
NAL Call No.: HD1750.W4
Certification and supply response in the organic lettuce market.
Lohr, L.; Park, T. J-Agric-Resour-Econ. v.17(2): p.253-265. (1992 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lettuces; organic foods; certification; supply response; adjustment of production; production costs; assets; asymmetry; supply elasticities; econometric models; outturn; market prices; markets; expansion; profitability; california; romaine lettuce; asymmetric behavior; adjustment costs; production assets; marketing assets

19.
NAL Call No.: SB319.2.F6F56
Commercial organic citrus production in Florida.
Ferguson, J. J.; Swisher, M. E.; Monaghan, P. Proc-annu-meet-Fla-State-Hort-Soc. v.107: p.26-29. (1995 June)
Meeting held October 30-November 1, 1994, Orlando, Florida.
Descriptors: citrus; organic farming; commercial farming; farm surveys; acreage; cultural methods; florida

20.
NAL Call No.: S441.S855
Comparative economic and ecological analysis of lower chemical input fruit farms and other fruit farming systems.
Dickinson, J. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education SARE or Agriculture in Concert with the Environment ACE research projects.[7] 17p. (1993)
SARE Project Number: LNC 91-37. Record includes 3 1/2 inch floppy disk. Reporting period for the report is September 1992 to August 31, 1993.
Descriptors: small fruits; vegetables; farming; organic farming; low input agriculture; sustainability; crop yield; economic analysis; variable costs; demonstration farms; farming systems research; ohio; wisconsin; conventional farming; integrated farming

21.
NAL Call No.: S441.S8553
Comparative economic and ecological analysis of lower chemical input fruit farms and other fruit farming systems.
Dickinson, J. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education SARE research projects North Central Region. 32p. (1994)
SARE Project Number: LNC 91-37. Reporting period for this report is September 1991 to May 1994. This is a final report.
Descriptors: small fruits; farming; organic farming; low input agriculture; soil organic matter; soil fertility; biology; microbial activities; plant analysis; arthropods; species diversity; nematoda; insect pests; demonstration farms; farming systems research; economic analysis; ohio; conventional farming

22.
NAL Call No.: HD1773.A2N6
Comparative economics of alternative agricultural production systems: a review.
Fox, G.; Weersink, A.; Sarwar, G.; Duff, S.; Deen, B. Northeast-J-Agric-Resour-Econ. v.20(1): p.124-142. (1991 Apr.)
Paper submitted in response to call for papers on the theme "The Effects of Agricultural Production on Environmental Quality."
Descriptors: crops; vegetables; conservation tillage; erosion; pest control; environmental protection; valuation; externalities; agricultural production; profitability; economic impact; literature reviews; alternative farming; organic farming; traditional farming; north america; off farm impacts

23.
NAL Call No.: S441.S855
Comparative performance and farm-level function of conventional and certified organic apple production systems in California.
Swezey, S. L. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education SARE or Agriculture in Concert with the Environment ACE research projects. 33p. (1992)
SARE Project Number: AW92-9. Record includes 3.5 floppy disk and appendices.
Descriptors: malus pumila; organic farming; crop production; cover crops; soil fertility; cydia pomonella; mating disruption; biological control; insect control; low input agriculture; sustainability; california; sustainable farm practices

24.
NAL Call No.: SB610.2.B74
A comparative perspective on the economic performance of organic and conventional farming systems in Great Britain.
Murphy, M. Brighton-Crop-Prot-Conf-Weeds. (Surrey: BCPC Registered Office). v.2: p.763-774 (1991)
Conference held November 18-21, 1991, Brighton, England.
Descriptors: organic farming; agricultural economics; crop production; great britain

25.
NAL Call No.: HD1781.W67 no.94/12
A comparison of financial returns during early transition from conventional to organic vegetable production.
Sellen, D. 1 v. (Dept. of Agricultural Economics and Business, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ont., [1994])
"October 1994."
Descriptors: comparisons; organic farming

26.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.A43
Comparison of organic and sustainable fed cattle production: a South Dakota case study.
Taylor, D. C.; Feuz, D. M.; Guan, M. Am-J-altern-agric. v.11(1): p.30-38. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: beef cattle; cattle farming; organic farming; sustainability; beef production; indexes; natural resources; resource conservation; environmental protection; economic evaluation; case studies; south dakota; producer organic index; producer sustainability index
Abstract: Organic and sustainable fed cattle production are compared through development and estimation of two production indexes: a Producer Organic Index (POI) and a Producer Sustainability Index (PSI). The POI reflects current production standards for organically certified beef. The PSI reflects a broader range of concerns, including long-term natural resource conservation and economic staying-power of cattle producers. The study shows there may be only a loose connection between the two. The method used to develop the indexes can provide insights to beef cattle extension specialists and individual cattle producers on the strengths and weaknesses of current feedlot management practices.

27.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5
A comparison of strawberry plant development and yield under organic and conventional management on the central California coast.
Gliessman, S. R.; Werner, M. R.; Allison, J.; Cochran, J. Biol-agric-hortic. v.12(4): p.327-338. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: fragaria ananassa; organic farming; farming; farming systems research; comparisons; cropping systems; plant development; growth; biomass production; crop yield; fruits; yield components; seasonal variation; profits; low input agriculture; sustainability; california; conventional farming

28.
NAL Call No.: 79.9 C122
Consumer demand for food safety-oriented marketing labels: implications for sustainable agriculture.
Cook, R. L. Proc-Calif-Weed-Conf. (44th): p.115-127. (1992)
Paper presented at the meeting on "Many Benefits of Weed Control," January 20-22, 1992, Sacramento, California.
Descriptors: food safety; pesticide residues; organic farming; sustainability; labeling controls; market regulations

29.
NAL Call No.: 100 L939
Consumer perceived health risks with food.
Schupp, A.; Potakey, H.; Younathan, M.; Montgomery, D. La-agric. v.36(2): p.4-6. (1993 Spring)
Descriptors: food safety; consumer attitudes; surveys; organic foods; vacuum packaging; food irradiation; consumer education; louisiana

30.
NAL Call No.: SF221.D342
Consumer perceptions of food safety.
Huang, C. L. Dairy-Food-Environ-Sanit. v. 12(8): p.495-498. (1992 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: food safety; consumer attitudes; perception; risk; surveys; pesticides; microbial contamination; organic foods; consumer preferences; consumer education; food costs; georgia

31.
NAL Call No.: TX341.C6
Consumer, seller surveys show barriers to organics.
Nutr-Week. v.21(14): p.2-3. (1991 Apr.)
Descriptors: organic foods; consumer attitudes; conferences; food quality; food marketing; pesticide residues; consumer surveys; consumer protection; food industry; district of columbia; alar; public voice
Abstract: This report discusses two studies that reached conclusions on the principal barriers to marketing organic foods that are produced without using synthetic chemicals. Consumers have concerns about food safety and nutritional value of organic products.

32.
NAL Call No.: SB321.G85
Consumer willingness to pay price premiums for organic apples and peaches.
Lord, W. G. Grow-Veg-Small-Fruit-Newsl. (Storrs, Conn.: Coop. Ext. Serv., USDA, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Univ. of Conn.). v.91(8): p.8. (1991 Aug.)
Descriptors: apples; peaches; organic foods; consumer prices; consumer surveys

33.
NAL Call No.: 80 Ac82
Conventions on quality in the fruit and vegetables sector: results on the organic sector.
Sylvander, B. Acta-hortic. (340): p.241-246. (1995 Jan.)
Paper presented at the XII International Symposium on Horticultural Economics / edited by J.-C Montigaud, L.M. Albisu, U. Avermaete, L. Ekelund, D. Meijaard, and E. de Kleijn.
Descriptors: organic farming; organic culture; fruit growing; vegetable growing; fruit; vegetables; domestic consumption; retail prices; price policy; food consumption; returns; gross margins

34.
NAL Call No.: SB249.N6
Conversion of cotton production to certified organic management in the northern San Joaquin Valley: Transition phase plant growth and yield (1992-1994).
Swezey, S. L. Proc-Beltwide-Cotton-Conf. (Memphis, Tenn.: National Cotton Council of America). v.1: p.125-126. (1995)
Meeting held January 4-7, 1995, San Antonio, Texas.
Descriptors: gossypium; organic farming; crop yield; plant density; california

35.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.W96 1992
Conversion to organic agriculture in Australia: problems and possibilities in the cereal-livestock industry.
Wynen, E.; National Association for Sustainable Agriculture (Australia). 139p. (National Association for Sustainable Agriculture (Australia), Sydney, [1992])
"June 1992."
Descriptors: organic farming-economic aspects-australia; organic farming-economic aspects-australia-case studies; grain-economic aspects-australia; livestock-economic aspects-australia

36.
NAL Call No.: 100 C12Cag
Conversion to organic strawberry management changes ecological processes.
Gliessman, S. R.; Werner, M. R.; Swezey, S. L.; Caswell, E.; Cochran, J.; Rosado May, F. Calif-agric. v.50(1): p.24-31. (1996 Jan.-1996 Feb.)
Descriptors: fragaria ananassa; organic farming; comparisons; farming systems; crop management; arthropod pests; plant pathogenic fungi; predators of insect pests; nematoda; soil fungi; population dynamics; seasonal fluctuations; soil temperature; soil ph; chemical composition; crop yield; growth rate; production costs; returns; low input agriculture; california

37.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5
Conversion towards organic agriculture in Russia: a preliminary study.
Buys, J. Biol-agric-hortic. v.10(2): p.125-140. (1993)
Includes references.
Descriptors: kolkhozy; sovkhozy; conversion; projects; organic farming; farming systems; agricultural production; crop yield; low input agriculture; farm structure; sustainability; russia

38.
NAL Call No.: 80 Ac82
Costs of flame cultivation.
Nemming, A. Acta-hortic. (372): p.205-212. (1994 Aug.)
Paper presented at the Symposium on Engineering as a Tool to Reduce Pesticide Consumption and Operator Hazards in Horticulture, August 10-12, 1993, Ulvik, Norway.
Descriptors: flame cultivators; weed control; organic farming; costs; profitability; rowcrops; denmark

39.
NAL Call No.: HD9007.M6C74 1992
Creating a sustainable food system : pioneers tell their story.
Klein, M.; Minnesota Food Association. Marketing Information Service. ill., map; 87p. (Marketing Information Services, Minnesota Food Association, St. Paul, MN, 1992)
Running title: Pioneers tell their story.
Descriptors: farm produce-minnesota-marketing; organic farming-minnesota; farmers-minnesota-interviews; sustainable agriculture-minnesota

40.
NAL Call No.: S539.5.J68
Crop yields and economic returns accompanying the transition to alternative farming systems.
Smolik, J. D.; Dobbs, T. L. J-Prod-Agric. v.4(2): p.153-161. (1991 Apr.-1991 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: farming systems; organic farming; crop yield; tillage; ridging; minimum tillage; rowcrops; field crops; grain crops; rotations; herbicides; fertilizers; precipitation; economic evaluation; returns; profits; farm income; production costs; comparisons; south dakota; northern plains states of usa; conventional tillage; reduced tillage; ridge till

41.
NAL Call No.: HD1401.G532
Cultural practices and sample costs for organic vegetable production on the Central Coast of California.
Klonsky, K.; Tourte, L.; Chaney, D.; Livingston, P.; Smith, R. Giannini-Found-inf-ser. Davis, Calif.: Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics. (94-2): p.87 (1994 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: vegetables; organic farming; farm management; soil management; pest management; rotations; cover crops; harvesting; packing; agricultural regions; california

42.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.D33 1991
D.C. and Baltimore area organic farmers directory : where to buy the freshest, tastiest, healthiest food: U-picks, farmer's markets, food co-ops, health food stores, lawn care alternatives, gardening supplies and services, state organic certification programs.
Capital Coalition for Safe Food (Washington, DC 48p. (The Coalition, Silver Spring, MD, [1991])
Organic farmers directory. Cover title.
Descriptors: organic farming-washington dc- directories; organic farming-virginia-directories; organic farming-maryland-cirectories; organic farming-pennsylvania-directories; organic farming-west virginia-directories

43.
NAL Call No.: SB950.2.A1J58
Delicious, profitable, and certified organic raspberries: Washington growers at work.
Brenner, L. J-pestic-reform. v.13(1): p.5-7. (1993 Spring)
Descriptors: organic farming; rubus idaeus; farmers; interviews; washington

44.
NAL Call No.: 389.8 B77
The demand for organically-grown produce.
Tregear, A.; Dent, J. B.; McGregor, M. J. Br-food-j. v.96(4): p.21-25. (1994)
Includes references.
Descriptors: organic foods; vegetables; consumer preferences
Abstract: A postal survey was sent to 150 supermarkets and 112 wholefood shops in the UK; response rates were 53 and 67 per cent, respectively. A telephone survey with 242 members of the general public was conducted in Scotland; there was a 63 per cent positive response. Research found that 29 per cent of the general public bought organic foods at some time.

45.
NAL Call No.: 80 AC82
Determinants of organic horticultural products consumption based on a sample of California consumers.
Jolly, D. A. Acta-Hortic. (295): p.141-148. (1991 May)
Paper presented at the "23rd International Horticultural Congress on Horticultural Economics and Marketing," August 27-September 1, 1990, Florence, Italy.
Descriptors: horticultural crops; organic foods; consumer surveys; food consumption; california

46.
NAL Call No.: HD1401.J68
Differences between buyers and nonbuyers of organic produce and willingness to pay organic price premiums.
Jolly, D. A. J-Agribusiness. (Agric. Econ. Assoc. of Ga. & the Div. of Agric. Econ., Univ. of Ga.). v.9(1): p.97-111. (1991 Spring)
Includes references.
Descriptors: organic foods; consumer attitudes; market competition; food consumption; demography; consumer behavior; california; market penetration

47.
NAL Call No.: 10 Ou8
Direct distribution of organic produce: sustainable food production in industrialized countries.
Powell, J. Outlook-agric. (Oxon : C.A.B. International). v.24(2): p.121-125. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: organic foods; sustainability; environmental protection; food packaging; food marketing; industrial society

48.
NAL Call No.: 100 C12Cag
Disease, insect pressures make organic production risky in Sonoma County.
Vossen, P.; Jolly, D.; Meyer, R.; Varela, L.; Blodgett, S. Calif-agric. v.48(6): p.29-36. (1994 Nov.-1994 Dec.)
Descriptors: malus pumila; organic farming; soil fertility; thinning; pest management; pheromones; mating disruption; crop yield; cydia pomonella; plant nutrition; costs; economic viability; california

49.
NAL Call No.: 389.8 B77
EC organic food standards.
Byng, J. Br-Food-J. v.95(1): p.16-17. (1993)
Descriptors: organic foods; regulations; european communities; europe
Abstract: Briefly reviews provisions of incoming EC Regulation 2092/91 setting out Organic Food Standards.

50.
NAL Call No.: HD9077.T4M64 1994
An economic analysis of organic cotton as a niche crop in Texas.
Mohammadioun, M. 1.; Gallaway, M.; Apodaca, J. K.; University of Texas at Austin. Bureau of Business Research. ill., v, 56p. (Bureau of Business Research, University of Texas at Austin, Graduate School of Business, Austin, Tex., [1994])
"January 1994."
Descriptors: cotton-economic aspects-texas; cotton-texas; cotton trade-texas; organic farming-economic aspects-texas

51.
NAL Call No.: 80 Ac82
Economic analysis of three tomato production systems.
Brumfield, R. G.; Adelaja, F. E.; Reiners, S. Acta-hortic. (340): p.255-260. (1995 Jan.)
Paper presented at the XII International Symposium on Horticultural Economics / edited by J.-C Montigaud, L.M. Albisu, U. Avermaete, L. Ekelund, D. Meijaard, and E. de Kleijn.
Descriptors: lycopersicon esculentum; crop production; cropping systems; organic farming; organic culture; integrated pest management; crop yield; production costs; returns; production costs; economic viability; new jersey; conventional farming; gross returns; net returns

52.
NAL Call No.: SB249.N6
The economic impact of organic cotton on the Texas economy.
Gallaway, M. P.; Mohammadioun, M. Proc-Beltwide-Cotton-Conf. (Memphis, Tenn.: National Cotton Council of America). v.1: p.507-511. (1994)
Meeting held January 5-8, San Diego, California.
Descriptors: cotton; gossypium; organic farming; economic analysis; alternative farming; texas

53.
NAL Call No.: SB249.N6
Economic potential of augmentative releases of boll weevil parasites reared on artificial diet.
Robinson, J. R. C.; Taylor, M. J.; Rojas, M. G.; Morales Ramos, J.; King, E. G. Proc-Beltwide-Cotton-Conf. (Memphis, Tenn.: National Cotton Council of America). v.1: p.412-415. (1995)
Meeting held January 4-7, 1995, San Antonio, Texas.
Descriptors: anthonomus grandis; catolaccus; artificial foods; biological control agents; cost benefit analysis; integrated pest management; organic farming; gossypium; insecticides; rearing techniques; texas

54.
NAL Call No.: BJ52.5.J68
Economics and energetics of organic and conventional farming.
Pimentel, D. J-Agric-Environ-Ethics. v.6(1): p.53-60. (1993)
Includes references.
Descriptors: organic farming; economic evaluation; energy requirements; usa

55.
NAL Call No.: 81 SO12
Economics of a hairy vetch mulch system for producing fresh-market tomatoes in the mid-Atlantic region.
Kelly, T. C.; Lu, Y. C.; Abdul Baki, A. A.; Teasdale, J. R. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci. v.120(5): p.854-860. (1995 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lycopersicon esculentum; vicia villosa; crop residues; polyethylene film; sustainability; input prices; production costs; crop yield; market prices; returns; risk; uncertainty; organic culture; cover crops; profitability; economic viability; maryland
Abstract: Concern for the environment has focussed attention on the need for environmentally sound, yet economically profitable, farming practices. A hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L. Roth.) organic mulch system for fresh-market tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) production provides environmental benefits by enhancing the soil and reducing the need for fertilizer and herbicide inputs and is more profitable than conventional practices. Tomato field trials over 3 years at the Beltsville (Md.) Agricultural Research Center compared tee hairy vetch mulch system with black polyethylene mulch and bare ground (no mulch). Using partial budget analysis in a farm context, the hairy vetch mulch treatment was more profitable in all years under all market and yield adjustment scenarios. The vetch mulch system also was the preferred system for a risk-averse grower, according to a safety-first criterion. The combination of environmental benefits and the economic benefits to the grower make the hairy vetch mulch system an attractive alternative for producing fresh-market tomatoes in the Mid-Atlantic and parts of northeastern United States.

56.
NAL Call No.: HD1751.R25 no.95 02
The economics of converting conventionally managed eastern vineyards to organic management practices.
White, G. B. ; New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. Dept. of Agricultural, Resource, and Managerial Economics. ill., 29p. (Dept. of Agricultural, Resource, and Managerial Economics, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, [Ithaca, N.Y.], 1995)
Cover title.
Descriptors: viticulture-economic aspects; organic farming-economic aspects

57.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.E26 1994
The economics of organic farming : an international perspective.
Lampkin, N.; Padel, S. S. ill., xvi, 468p. (CAB International, Wallingford , 1994)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Descriptors: organic farming; organic farming-economic aspects; agriculture-economic aspects; agriculture-environmental aspects; alternative agriculture; sustainable agriculture

58.
NAL Call No.: KJE6604.2 1993
EEC regulation "Organic agriculture": market access for third countries and a comparative view of Codex Alimentarius, EEC and U.S.A. regulations.
Schmidt, H.; Haccius, M.; International Fedration of Organic Agriculture Movements. 104p. (IFOAM, Tholey-Theley, Germany, [1993?])
Includes index.
Descriptors: organic farming-law and legislation-european economic community countries

59.
NAL Call No.: 80 Ac82
Enlarging the market for horticultural organics in the Netherlands.
Kleijn, E. H. J. M. d.; Borgstein, M. H.; Jager, A. de.; Hack, M. D.; Zimmermann, K. L. Acta-hortic. (391): p.143-151. (1995 Mar.)
Paper presented at the XXIVth International Horticultural Congress on Horticulture in Human Life, Culture, and Environment, August 21-27, 1994, Kyoto, Japan.
Descriptors: organic foods; marketing; market research; market planning; consumer attitudes; netherlands; natural foods

60.
NAL Call No.: HD9000.A1J68
Evaluation of consumer attitudes towards organic produce in Delaware and the Delmarva region.
Byrne, P. J.; Toensmeyer, U. C.; German, C. L.; Muller, H. R. J-Food-Distrib-Res. v.23(1): p.29-44. (1992 Feb.)
Paper presented at the 32nd Annual Conference of the Food Distribution Research Society, October 13-16, 1991, Kalamazoo, Michigan.
Descriptors: vegetables; organic foods; consumer attitudes; food safety; fresh products; food policy; purchasing habits; consumer prices; food quality; consumer surveys; regional surveys; delaware; maryland; virginia

61.
NAL Call No.: SB249.N6
Fact and fiction in the cloth versus disposable diaper debate: implications for the cotton industry.
Ellerbrock, M.; Reaves, D. W.; Jones, E. Proc-Beltwide-Cotton-Conf. (Memphis, Tenn.: National Cotton Council of America). v.1: p.352-354. (1995)
Meeting held January 4-7, 1995, San Antonio, Texas.
Descriptors: cotton industry; disposables; infants; decision making; marketing; environmental impact; consumer attitudes; organic culture; retail prices; usa

62.
NAL Call No.: S1.N32
Farmers take charge of marketing: new co-ops capture the value of quality.
Bowman, G. New-farm. v.15(7): p.12-16. (1993 Nov.-1993 Dec.)
Descriptors: crops; organic farming; cooperative marketing

63.
NAL Call No.: S1.N32
Federal organic rules taking shape.
New-farm. v.15(6): p.6-7. (1993 Sept.-1993 Oct.)
Descriptors: organic farming; standards; certification; regulations

64.
NAL Call No.: S1.N32
Feed for the East (Coast).
Cicero, K. New-farm. v.15(7): p.35-36, 38-39. (1993 Nov.-1993 Dec.)
Descriptors: organic farming; feed grains; milling; markets; pennsylvania

65.
NAL Call No.: Videocassette no.1660
Field of greens.
Canadian Organic Growers. (Canadian Organic Growers, Ottawa, 1992).
Videocassettes: sd., col.; v. 1. episode 1. Marketing success (27 min., 43 sec.) -- episode 2. Feeding the new consumer (28 min., 13 sec.) -- v. 2. episode 3. The new family farm (26 min., 4 sec.) -- episode 4. Boarding the ark (27 min., 34 sec).
Descriptors: organic farming-canada
Abstract: Tells success stories of Canadian organic farmers, market gardeners, and researchers. Included are interviews with David Cohlmeyer and Bev Wright of Cookstown Greens and researchers, Hugh Maynard, Jane Herman, Dr. Stuart Hill, and Denis La France.

66.
NAL Call No.: TX367.F66
Food quality: a means-end perspective.
Grunert, K. G. Food-qual-prefer. v.6(3): p.171-176. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: organic foods; food quality; food industry; consumer preferences; models

67.
NAL Call No.: 389.8 B77
Food standards, food manufacturers and 1992.
Turner, A. Br-Food-J. v.93(7): p.3-11. (1991)
Descriptors: food policy; food legislation; european communities; quality standards; food industry; nutrition labeling; food additives; food hygiene; food inspection; organic foods; europe
Abstract: The harmonisation of food laws and regulations in Europe is focused on. The European Court's role as a catalyst for change and the strategy of the European Commission are outlined. The background to the various directives and regulations controlling food manufacture and production is described and the effect they will have on member countries is noted.

68.
NAL Call No.: SB379.A9A9
For Hunter Nadler, organic growing is a beneficial business.
Burnham, T. J. Calif-grow. v.20(6): p.39-40. (1996 June-1996 July)
Descriptors: vitis; organic farming; california

69.
NAL Call No.: HD1401.J68
Georgia consumers' preference for organically grown fresh produce.
Misra, S.; Huang, C. L.; Ott, S. L. J-Agribusiness. (Agric. Econ. Assoc. of Ga. & the Div. of Agric. Econ., Univ. of Ga.) v.9(2): p.53-65 (1991 Fall)
Includes references.
Descriptors: fruit; vegetables; organic foods; fresh products; consumer preferences; consumer panels; consumer behavior; demography; pesticide residues; testing; certification; food quality; food prices; organoleptic traits; georgia; willingness to pay; sensory quality

70.
NAL Call No.: S1.N32
Get ready for organic beef: in 'chemical free' systems, cattle and profits can thrive.
Shirley, C. New-farm v.16(4): p.37-41, 61. (1994 May-1994 June)
Descriptors: beef cattle; livestock enterprises; organic farming

71.
NAL Call No.: 80 AM371
Going organic.
Garrett, J. H. Am-Nurseryman. v.176(7): p.70-72, 74-75. (1992 Oct.)
Descriptors: organic farming; organic fertilizers; retail marketing; usa

72.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.G66 1993
Good Earth guide to Ohio's certified organic farms & gardens.
Ohio Ecological Food & Farm Association. 4th edn. map, [10]p. (The Association, Plymouth, Ohio (65 Plymouth Street, Plymouth, Ohio), [1993])
Cover title.
Descriptors: organic farming-ohio-directories; organic gardening-ohio-directories; farms-ohio-directories; gardens-ohio-directories

73.
NAL Call No.: 100 C12Cag
Granny Smith conversions to organic show early success.
Swezey, S. L.; Rider, J.; Werner, M. R.; Buchanan, M.; Allison, J.; Gliessman, S. R. Calif-agric. v.48(6): p.36-44. (1994 Nov.-1994 Dec.)
Descriptors: malus pumila; organic farming; traditional farming; crop yield; crop quality; plant development; plant nutrition; pests; costs; income; california

74.
NAL Call No.: SB387.V572
Growing muscadine grapes without pesticides.
Rittgers, M. B. Proc-Fla-Grape-Conf. p.191-195. (1991)
Meeting held October 25-26, 1991, Ocala, Florida.
Descriptors: vitis rotundifolia; viticulture; grapes; health foods; organic foods; viticulture; marketing; florida

75.
NAL Call No.: HD9007.T4H35 1991
A guide to marketing organic produce.
Hall, C. R.; Edwards, R. A. 1.; Johnson, J. L. 1 v. (unpaged) (Texas Agricultural Extension Service, College Station, Tex. ill., [1991?])
Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: farm produce-texas-marketing; organic farming-texas

76.
NAL Call No.: TX369.H36 1994
Handbook of organic food processing and production.
Wright, S. 1. 1st edn. ill., xv, 204p. (Blackie Academic & Professional, London, 1994)
Includes bibliographies and index.
Descriptors: natural foods-european economic community countries; natural foods-united states; food industry and trade-european economic community countries; food industry and trade-united states; natural foods-law and legislation-european economic community countries

77.
NAL Call No.: 80 Ac82
High quality camomile for North American commercial processing.
Letchamo, W.; Gosselin, A. Acta-hortic. (426): p.593-600. (1996 Aug.)
Paper presented at the International Symposium on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, August 27-30, 1995, Amherst, Massachusetts.
Descriptors: chamomilla recutita; cultivars; crop quality; sowing; timing; essential oils; plant composition; crop yield; organic farming; canada

78.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.S86H86
The Humane consumer and producer guide.
International Alliance for Sustainable Agriculture. Humane Sustainable Agriculture Project. 368p. (Humane Sustainable Agriculture Project of the International Alliance for Sustainable Agriculture; Humane Society of the United States, Minneapolis, Minn.; Washington, DC, 1993)
Descriptors: sustainable agriculture-directories; animal industry-directories; organic farming-directories

79.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.H37 1992
Increasing organic agriculture at the local level: a manual for consumers, grocers, farmers & policy makers.
Hansen, M.; Community Environmental Council. Santa Barbara County Safe Food Project. ill.; 98, xvi p. (Community Environmental Council, Inc., Gildea Resource Center, Santa Barbara, County Calif., 1992)
Descriptors: natural foods-united states; organic farming-united states-handbooks, manuals, etc.; organic farming-economic aspects-united states; agriculture-united states; pesticide residues in food; marketing-home economics

80.
NAL Call No.: HD9007.N5I52 1991
Industry guide to New Jersey's organic markets, 1991.
Natural Organic Farmers Association of New Jersey. ill., 59p. (Natural Organic Farmers Association of New Jersey; Stony Brook-Millstone Watershed Association, Pennington, NJ, 1991)
Descriptors: organic farming-new jersey-directories; natural foods industry-new jersey-directories

81.
NAL Call No.: 100 C12Cag
Insect damage limits yield, profits of organic apples.
Caprile, J.; Klonsky, K.; Mills, N.; McDougall, S.; Micke, W.; Van Steenwyk, B. Calif-agric. v.48(6): p.21-28. (1994 Nov.-1994 Dec.)
Descriptors: malus pumila; cydia pomonella; dysaphis plantaginea; organic farming; cover crops; soil fertility; plant nutrition; beneficial insects; pheromones; mating disruption; sprays; crop yield; profits; california

82.
NAL Call No.: 10 OU8
Integrated farming: an ecological farming approach in European agriculture.
El Titi, A. Outlook-Agric. (Oxon: C.A.B. International). v.21(1): p.33-39. (1992 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: farming systems research; farm management; integrated systems; minimum tillage; organic farming; regulations; europe; german federal republic

83.
NAL Call No.: HD1476.U52C27
Legislation regulating production or organic foods.
Vaupel, S. Small-Farm-News. (Davis, Calif.: U.C.D. Small Farm Center). p.1, 4, 9-10. (1992 Nov.-1992 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: organic foods; food production; food legislation; organic farming; california

84.
NAL Call No.: S441.F97
Lisa compared: a tale of two farms.
Kessler, K. Furrow-Cornbelt-Ed. p.7-8. (1991 Nov.-1991 Dec.)
Descriptors: farming systems; organic farming; farming systems research; comparisons; farm inputs; soil fertility; weed control; economic analysis; university research; south dakota

85.
NAL Call No.: S521.D84 1993
Living on the earth: eclectic essays for a sustainable and joyful future.
Duesing, B.; Duesing, S. ill., xiv, 222p. (LongRiver Books, East Haven, Conn., 1993)
Radio essays.
Descriptors: country life; organic farming; home economics; gardening

86.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Manure handling alternatives cut costs.
Logsdon, G. Biocycle. v.34(7): p.52-54. (1993 July)
Descriptors: animal manures; composting; costs; organic farming

87.
NAL Call No.: SB249.N6
Market potential of organically grown cotton as a niche crop.
Apodaca, J. K. Proc-Beltwide-Cotton-Prod-Res-Conf. (Memphis, Tenn.: National Cotton Council of America). v.1: p.410-413. (1992)
Includes references.
Descriptors: gossypium; organic farming; markets; demand

88.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.M37 1992
Marketing natural or organic meat, poultry and eggs : information package.
Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural Areas (Organization). ill., 1 v. (various pagings) (Appropriate Technology Tranfer for Rural Areas, [Fayetteville, Ark.], 1991?)
Caption title.
Descriptors: meat-united-states-marketing; eggs-united-states-marketing; organic farming-united states

89.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.A43
Marketing prospects for organic and pesticide-free produce.
Jolly, D. A.; Norris, K. Am-J-Alternative-Agric. v.6(4): p.174-179. (1991)
Includes references.
Descriptors: vegetables; organic foods; food marketing; regional surveys; supermarkets; food safety; pesticide residues; market surveys; fresh products; comparisons; california; chain store supermarkets
Abstract: The March 1989 food safety episodes involving Alar on apples and the cyanide tainted grapes found in a Chilean shipment were seminal events in the history of U.S. organic agriculture. Demand for organic produce soared as a consequence of these events, and mainstream supermarkets began adding more organic produce to their traditional product lines. But when organic supplies proved scarce, and as prices increased, consumer purchases decreased and many marketing managers began to question the rationality of allocating scarce shelf space to organic products. In fact many supermarket chains either drastically reduced their organic offerings or dropped them altogether. Some analysts proclaimed that organics had failed the market test. However, two surveys we carried out in 1989 and 1991 among major California supermarket chains show that forecasts of the demise of organic produce in mainstream markets may have been premature. Of 16 chains responding to our survey, 12 continue to carry organic produce. All had carried organics for more than six months, two-thirds of them for more than a year. Of the 12 that carry organics, six rate organics as worse overall than conventional produce. But interestingly, six rate organics as "about the same" as conventional-produce. This is a significant achievement for organics. Organics rated better on environmental impact and residues, worse on appearance and shelf life, and "about the same" on flavor and nutritive value. Despite the constraints and difficulties encountered in marketing organic foods, 8 of the 12 chains that carry organics would carry more organic fruits and vegetables if supplies were available. The prospects for certified "pesticide free" produce are less definite.

90.
NAL Call No.: S1.N32
Marketing that serves the soil.
Bowman, G. New-farm. v.14(7): p.35-41. (1992 Nov.-1992 Dec.)
Descriptors: organic farming; farming systems; rotations; interplanting; sustainability; illinois

91.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.M379 1995
Maryland Organic Certification Program.
Pooler, R. L.; Maryland. Office of Marketing and Agricultural Development. [3] leaves (State of Maryland, Dept. of Agriculture, Marketing and Agricultural Development, Annapolis, Md., [1995])
Caption title. Maryland certified growers -- Maryland certified retailers -- Maryland certified processor/distributors.
Descriptors: maryland organic certification program; organic farming-certification-maryland-directories; natural foods-marketing-certification-maryland-directories

92.
NAL Call No.: S1.N32
Mini-farm, maxi-profits: diverse crops and savvy marketing give these high-value growers the edge.
Sinclair, W.; Peterson, C. New-farm. v.16(3): p.28-35, 37, 39. (1994 Mar.-1994 Apr.)
Descriptors: horticultural crops; organic farming; small farms; farm management; marketing; farmers' markets

93.
NAL Call No.: RA784.N8
Misleading nutrition claims and their gurus.
Herbert, V.; Kasdan, T. S. Nutr-today. v.29(3): p.28-35. (1994 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: natural foods; organic foods; health foods; fad diets; quackery; food fads; terminology; diet; efficacy; safety; medicine; food and nutrition controversies; law; leadership; psychology; supplements
Abstract: The ever-growing public interest in nutrition and its role in health promotion has led to a proliferation of "experts" with an insatiable hunger for profit ready to cash in on this lucrative market. Dr. Herbert, who has been dubbed "quackbuster extraordinaire" as a result of his untiring efforts to root out the fraud in the "health food" industry, provides insights into the characteristics of those who are perpetrating the scams in the multibillion dollar business.

94.
NAL Call No.: 10 J822
N, P and K on organic farms: herbage and cereal production, purchases and sales.
Fowler, S. M.; Watson, C. A.; Wilman, D. J-Agric-Sci. v.120 (pt.3): p.353-360. (1993 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: cereals; herbage; nitrogen fertilizers; phosphorus fertilizers; potassium fertilizers; marketing; purchasing; organic farming; rotations; crop yield; site factors; england

95.
NAL Call No.: HD9000.A1J68
National organic certification program status October 1994.
Ricker, H. S. J-food-distrib-res. v.26(1): p.133-136. (1995 Feb.)
Paper presented at the thirty-fifth annual meeting, "Strategies for meeting global competition"
Descriptors: organic foods; federal programs; legislation; certification; usa

96.
NAL Call No.: SF229.5.N67 1992
The North American organic dairy directory & farm case studies.
Working Land Fund (U.S.). 38p. (Organic Dairy Project, Montpelier, VT, [1992?])
Cover title.
Descriptors: dairy farms-united states-directories; dairy farms-canada-cirectories; organic farming

97.
NAL Call No.: HD1401.A56
Opinions of professional buyers toward organic produce: a case study of Mid-Atlantic market for fresh tomatoes.
Lin, B. H.; Payson, S.; Wertz, J. Agribusiness. v.12(1): p.89-97. (1996 Jan.-1996 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: tomatoes; fresh products; organic foods; opinions; buying prices; regional surveys; food quality; keeping quality; case studies; consumer preferences; middle atlantic states of usa; opinion survey; conjoint survey
Abstract: A survey of professional tomato buyers indicated that handlers and nonhandlers of organic tomatoes had common perceptions of the organic market and its limitations. Both groups identified the following factors as constraining the organic market: low demands by consumers and retailers, uncertainties about organic labeling, short supplies of organics, and the discard rate of organics. However, handlers and nonhandlers differed in their opinions about quality consistency and appearance. As the buyers' preferences for organic tomatoes increased, the importance of shelf life, discard rate, quality consistency, and appearance in constraining the organic market lessened. The survey also showed that nonhandlers would pay substantially less for organic tomatoes than for conventional tomatoes, even when all other attributes were the same.

98.
NAL Call No.: SB950.2.A1J58
Oregonians put their money where their mouths are.
Beal, C. A. J-pestic-reform. v.13(1): p.14-15. (1993 Spring)
Descriptors: interest groups; small farms; investment; sustainability; organic farming; oregon; association for agriculture building the local economy

99.
NAL Call No.: S539.5.J68
Organic agriculture in Ohio: an economic perspective.
Batte, M. T.; Forster, D. L.; Hitzhusen, F. J. J-prod-agric. v.6(4): p.536-542. (1993 Oct.-1993 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: organic farming; profitability; sustainability; economic analysis; ohio

100.
NAL Call No.: aS21.D27S64
Organic certification.
Gates, J. P. Spec-Ref-Briefs (Natl-Agric-Libr-U-S. Beltsville, Md). (91-10) 18p. (1991 Aug.)
Bibliography.
Descriptors: organic foods; natural foods; organic farming; certification; bibliographies

101.
NAL Call No.: SB249.N6
Organic certification program for cotton.
Wiseman, B. W. Proc-Beltwide-Cotton-Conf. (Memphis, Tenn.: National Cotton Council of America). v.3: p.1401-1402. (1993)
Meeting held January 10-14, 1993, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Descriptors: gossypium; organic farming; certification; texas

102.
NAL Call No.: aHD1751.A42
Organic certification: standards in the works.
Anton, J.; Frazao, B. Agric-Outlook-AO-U-S-Dept-Agric-Econ-Res-Serv. (199): p.26-31. (1993 Aug.)
Descriptors: organic foods; certification; standards; usa

103.
NAL Call No.: SB249.N6
Organic cotton production in the Texas High Plains.
Wiseman, B. W. Proc-Beltwide-Cotton-Conf. (Memphis, Tenn.: National Cotton Council of America,). v.3p.1376-1378. (1993)
Meeting held January 10-14, 1993, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Descriptors: gossypium; crop production; organic farming; farm management; texas

104.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.A43
Organic farmers and conventional distribution systems: the recent expansion of the organic food market in Denmark.
Michelsen, J. Am-J-altern-agric. v.11(1): p.18-24. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: organic foods; distribution; systems; domestic markets; cooperative marketing; supermarkets; supply balance; organic farming; denmark
Abstract: In 1993, a breakthrough occurred for sales of organic food products in conventional supermarkets in Denmark. Since then, sales have increased markedly and consumers now have a choice between organic and conventional food products in nearly all supermarkets. This success owes much to the intense efforts of three main groups since the mid-1980s. First, organic farmers have increased production and successfully managed economic and organizational problems. Second, the Danish State has supported sales of organic products and farmers' conversion to organic farming by supporting marketing and product innovation and by organizing producers. Third, the largest Danish supermarket chain has contributed by its steady demand for organic products since 1981. Today, all major supermarkets in Denmark are supplied by conventional distributors that handle the products of small organic producer organizations. For nearly two years the system has kept up the positive effects of a market expansion process that was initiated by a major advertising campaign and a modest drop in consumer prices.

105.
NAL Call No.: S1.N32
Organic farmers tap super markets: savy customers and growers flock to 'Fresh Fields".
Cicero, K. New-farm. v.15(7): p.44-45. (1993 Nov.-1993 Dec.)
Descriptors: organic foods; marketing; supermarkets

106.
NAL Call No.: S601.A34
Organic farming in Canada.
Hill, S. B.; MacRae, R. J. Agric-Ecosyst-Environ. v.39(1/2): p.71-84. (1992 Mar.)
Special Issue: Sustainable Agriculture.
Descriptors: organic farming; sustainability; market research; markets; economic development; consumer preferences; agricultural policy; agricultural research; canada; ecological agriculture

107.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.O745 1993
Organic Farming Research Foundation 1993 National Organic Farmers' Survey results.
Organic Farming Research Foundation. 15p. (The Foundation, Santa Cruz, CA (P.O. Box 440, Santa Cruz, CA 95061), [1993?])
Caption title.
Descriptors: organic farming-united states-states; organic farming-united states-states-information services; farm produce-united states-states-marketing

108.
NAL Call No.: 286.8 N47M
Organic farming: should government give it more technical support.
Marshall, G. Rev-Mark-Agric-Econ. v.59(3): p.283-296. (1991 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: organic farming; sustainability; efficiency; government; farming systems; innovation adoption; australia

109.
NAL Call No.: HD1765.A94 1994
The organic farming threat to people and wildlife.
Avery, D. T.; Hudson Institute. 12p. (Hudson Institute, Indianapolis, Ind., 1994)
Caption title.
Descriptors: organic farming-environmental aspects; agricultural ecology-united states; farm management-united states; environmental policy-united states

110.
NAL Call No.: 389.8 B77
Organic food: a description of the Irish market.
Roddy, G.; Cowan, C.; Hutchinson, G. Br-food-j. v.96(4): p.3-10. (1994)
Includes references.
Descriptors: food industry; organic foods; marketing; northern ireland; irish republic
Abstract: Describes the current status of the organic food market in Ireland--current trading arrangements of wholesalers, distributors and retailers and the perceptions of organic food at different stages of the marketing chain. There are three certification bodies for organic foods in Ireland. The value of the market is estimated at 1.5 million IR pounds. Fruit and vegetables are the most important organic foods. Other organic foods are available such as flour, grains, breakfast cereals, meat, yogurt and cheese. Organic foods can be purchased in some of the larger supermarkets, in healthfood/wholefood shops, at local markets or at farm gate. Some of the constraints to development of the industry are limited range and supply of products. Premium levels are also a constraint on development as consumers generally perceive organic products to be too expensive. Reports premiums charged on organic food and outlines the results of a focus group on organic foods.

111.
NAL Call No.: aS441.D86 1995
Organic food and fiber: an analysis of 1994 certified production in the United States.
Dunn, J. A.; United States. Agricultural Marketing Service. Transportation and Marketing Division. 5p. (U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service, Transportation and Marketing Division, Washington, D.C., [1995])
"September 1995."
Descriptors: organic farming-united states-statistics; natural foods-certification-united states; crop yields-united states; livestock productivity-united states; poultry productivity-united states

112.
NAL Call No.: 166.2 N47
Organic food growers reaching markets via ag cooperatives.
Borst, A. Farmer-Coop. v.59(3): p.4-8. (1992 June)
Descriptors: organic foods; food marketing; cooperative marketing; usa

113.
NAL Call No.: TX341.C6
Organic food stores go mainstream, for-profit.
Nutr-Week. v.22(45): p.3. (1992 Nov.)
Descriptors: organic foods; food marketing; profitability; usa

114.
NAL Call No.: aHD9001.N275
Organic foods find opportunity in the natural food industry.
Dunn, J. A. FoodReview. v.18(3): p.7-18. (1995 Sept.-1995 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: organic foods; natural foods; food industry; food marketing

115.
NAL Call No.: HD1751.C45
Organic foods: their demand will remain low.
Lane, S.; Bruhn, C. M. Choices-Mag-Food-Farm-Resour-Issues. v.7(1): p.3. (1992)
Includes references.
Descriptors: organic foods; food safety; demand; pesticide residues; usa

116.
NAL Call No.: S1.M57
Organic herbs: choosing & marketing.
Geissal, D. Small-farm-today. v.13(6): p.36-38. (1996 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: culinary herbs; organic farming; cultivation; marketing

117.
NAL Call No.: HD1476.U52C27
Organic registration and certification.
Klonsky, K.; Tourte, L. Small-farm-news. (Davis, Calif.: U.C.D. Small Farm Center). p.1, 4-5. (1994 May-1994 June)
Descriptors: organic foods; organic farming; food production; food marketing; regulations; law; registration; standards; certification; guidelines; california

118.
NAL Call No.: 80 Ac82
Organically grown products: perception, preferences and motives of Dutch consumers.
Hack, M. D. Acta-hortic. (340): p.247-253. (1995 Jan.)
Paper presented at the XII International Symposium on Horticultural Economics / edited by J.-C Montigaud, L.M. Albisu, U. Avermaete, L. Ekelund, D. Meijaard, and E. de Kleijn.
Descriptors: organic farming; organic culture; fruits; vegetables; consumer preferences; consumer surveys; consumer behavior; purchasing habits; perception; consumer attitudes; labeling; netherlands

119.
NAL Call No.: HD9000.1.J6
Organically-produced food products: regulations from the European Union and the United States set the stage for imports.
Centner, T. J. J-int-food-agribus-mark. v.7(4): p.41-58. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: organic foods; food products; food policy; regulations; imports; gatt; european communities; labeling controls; europe; usa

120.
NAL Call No.: HD1476.U52C27
Overview of a diversified organic vegetable operation.
Klonsky, K.; Tourte, L.; Chaney, D.; Livingston, P.; Smith, R. Small-Farm-News. (Davis, Calif. : U.C.D. Small Farm Center). p.1, 4-5, 8. (1993 Mar.-1993 Apr.)
Descriptors: vegetable growing; diversification; rotation; cover crops; planting; irrigation; harvesting; weed control; pest management; marketing; california

121.
NAL Call No.: 275.29 M36Fa
Pesticides and your food.
Kantor, M. A.; Brown, A. E. Fact-sheet-Coop-Ext-Serv. (College Park: The Service). (652) 8p. (1992)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pesticides; food; health; pesticide resistance; integrated pest management; organic farming; regulations; environmental protection agency; food and drug administration

122.
NAL Call No.: HD1401.A56
Product quality in organic and conventional produce: is there a difference.
Conklin, N. C.; Thompson, G. Agribusiness. v.9(3): p.295-307. (1993 May)
Includes references.
Descriptors: organic foods; food quality; retail marketing; food safety; arizona; visual quality

123.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.K56 1993
Production practices and sample costs for a diversified organic vegetable operation in the Central Coast.
Klonsky, K.; Tourte, L.; Chaney, D.; University of California (System). Cooperative Extension. 99p. (U. C. Cooperative Extension, Oakland, Calif., [1993?])
Includes bibliographical references (p. 99).
Descriptors: organic farming-california; organic farming-economic aspects-california; farm produce-california; farm produce-economic aspects-california

124.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.K562 1994
Production practices and sample costs for organic processing tomatoes in the Sacramento Valley.
Klonsky, K.; Tourte, L.; Chaney, D.; University of California (System). Cooperative Extension. 24p. (U.C. Cooperative Extension, [Oakland, Calif.], 1994?)
Cover title.
Descriptors: organic farming-california-cost of operation; tomatoes-california-costs; tomato growers-california

125.
NAL Call No.: TJ163.4.U6E36
A profile of Florida's commercial organic citrus growers.
Swisher, M. E.; Monaghan, P.; Ferguson, J. EES. (Gainesville, Fla.: Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida). (108) 8p. (1994 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: organic farming; farmers; citrus fruits; farm surveys; crop production; florida

126.
NAL Call No.: TJ163.4.U6E36
A profile of Florida's commercial organic vegetable farmers.
Swisher, M. E.; Monaghan, P.; Schuster, D.; Brinen, G. A. EES. (Gainesville, Fla.: Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida). (107) 12p. (1994 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: organic farming; farmers; vegetables; crop production; farm surveys; florida

127.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.N48 1995
Profitable organic farming.
Newton, J. ill., xviii, 142p. (Blackwell Science, Oxford [England]; Cambridge, Mass., USA, Includes bibliographical references and index.
Descriptors: organic farming

128.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5
Purchases and sales of N, P, and K, soil inorganic N and nitrate leaching on an organic horticultural holding.
Watson, C. A.; Fowler, S. M.; Wilman, D. Biol-agric-hortic. v.10(3): p.189-195. (1994)
Includes references.
Descriptors: horticultural crops; farms; organic farming; farm inputs; organic amendments; nitrogen; phosphorus; potassium; nutrient sources; purchasing; turnover; ammonium nitrogen; nitrate nitrogen; nitrogen content; soil; plant tissues; nitrate; leaching; losses from soil; england

129.
NAL Call No.: QH301.A76
Quality of commercial samples of organically-grown wheat.
Starling, W.; Richards, M. C. Asp-appl-biol. (Wellesbourne, Warwick : The Association of Applied Biologists). v.36: p.205-209. (1993)
In the series analytic: Cereal quality III / edited by P.S. Kettlewell, J.K. Gorstang, C.M. Duffus, N. Magan, W.T.B. Thomas and N.D. Paveley.
Descriptors: wheat; food processing; quality; breadmaking; protein content; crop quality; triticum aestivum; organic culture; organic farming; cultivars

130.
NAL Call No.: S601.A34
The quest for sustainable agriculture: the current position in Australia.
Sriskandarajah, N.; Dignam, D. Agric-Ecosyst-Environ. v.39(1/2): p.85-100. (1992 Mar.)
Special Issue: Sustainable Agriculture.
Descriptors: agricultural production; production policy; farming systems; land productivity; sustainability; environmental degradation; environmental impact; agricultural policy; government organizations; organic farming; marketing; agricultural research; cropping systems; literature reviews; australia; land degradation; organic agriculture

131.
NAL Call No.: HD1476.U62W24 1996
Rebirth of the small family farm: a handbook for starting a successful organic farm based on the community supported agriculture concept.
Gregson, B.; Gregson, B. 1st edn. ill., 64p. (IMF Associates, Vashon Island, WA, 1996)
Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: family farms-washington state; farms, small-handbooks, manuals, etc.; organic farming-handbooks, manuals, etc.

132.
NAL Call No.: HN79.W43C67
A rural perspective of agricultural and small woodlot income alternatives.
Hankins, A. G. RD. (749): p.16-27. ([1993?])
In the subseries: Natural Resources Management and Income Opportunity Series: Alternative Enterprises: Rural and Urban Perspective.
Descriptors: farm income; forest ownership; panax quinquefolius; hydrastis canadensis; medicinal plants; mushrooms; organic foods; usa

133.
NAL Call No.: HD9259.A47C22 1992
Sample costs to produce organic almonds in the northern San Joaquin Valley: flood irrigation.
Asai, W. 25p. (University of California Cooperative Extension, [Davis, Calif.?], 1992)
Cover title.
Descriptors: almond-california-san Joaquin river watershed-costs; organic farming-california-san joaquin river watershed; irrigation farming-california-san joaquin river watershed

134.
NAL Call No.: HD9066.C23S23 1992
Sample costs to produce organic rice no-till drill seeded in the Sacramento Valley.
Williams, J. 23p. (U.C. Cooperative Extension, [Davis, Cailf.?], [1992?])
1992 U.C. Cooperative Extension sample costs to produce organic rice no-till drill seeded in the Sacramento Valley. Caption title.
Descriptors: rice-california-sacramento river watershed-costs; organic farming-california-sacramento river watershed-costs; no tillage-california-sacramento river watershed

135.
NAL Call No.: HD9066.C23S232 1992
Sample costs to produce organic rice water seeded in the Sacramento Valley.
Williams, J.; University of California (System). Cooperative Extension. 23p. (U.C. Cooperative Extension, [Davis, Calif.?], 1992)
Caption title.
Descriptors: rice-california-sacramento river watershed-costs; organic farming-california-sacramento river watershed-costs

136.
NAL Call No.: HC121.J68
La Selva and the magnetic pull of markets: organic coffee-growing in Mexico.
Murphy, E. C. Grassroots-dev. v.19(1): p.27-34. (1995)
Focus: Sustainable agriculture.
Descriptors: coffea arabica; organic farming; extension education; marketing; rural communities; sustainability; mexico

137.
NAL Call No.: S1.N32
Shooting for the highest average: quality is the key to his farming and grain-business success.
Cramer, C. New-farm. v.15(7): p.26-29. (1993 Nov.-1993 Dec.)
Descriptors: organic farming; grain; processing; marketing

138.
NAL Call No.: TX341.N98
Signed, certified... & organic.
Nutr-Action-Health-Lett. v.19(9): p.8-9. (1992 Nov.)
Descriptors: organic foods; nutritive value; standards
Abstract: Roger Blobaum, the former director of CSPI's Americans for Safe Food project, was interviewed by the author on his views concerning organic food regulations.

139.
NAL Call No.: Z5074.E3G69 1992
The socioeconomics of sustainable agriculture : an annotated bibliography.
Goreham, G. A.; Watt, D. L.; Jacobsen, R. M. xix, 334p. (Garland, New York, 1992)
Includes indexes.
Descriptors: sustainable agriculture-economic aspects- bibliography; agriculture-environmental aspects-bibliography; family farms-bibliography; organic farming-bibliography; rural development-bibliography

140.
NAL Call No.: aHD9001.N275
Some barriers to organic produce at the wholesale level.
Payson, S.; Lin, B.; Wertz, J. FoodReview. v.17(2): p.23-26. (1994 May-1994 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: tomatoes; organic foods; wholesale marketing; middle atlantic states of usa

141.
NAL Call No.: 80 Ac82
Spanish almond costs: alternatives and future evolution.
Abdelawed, M.; Albisu, L. M. Acta-hortic. (373): p.317-324. (1994 Sept.)
Paper presented at the First International Symposium on Almond / edited by G. Barbera.
Descriptors: almonds; prunus dulcis; crop production; production costs; irrigated farming; dry farming; organic farming; spain

142.
NAL Call No.: ArU HD1491.U5S73 no.91 S7
The state of U.S. organic producer marketing cooperatives in 1991.
Borst, A. D.; United States. Agricultural Cooperative Service. ill., v, 23p. (Agricultural Cooperative Service, United States Dept. of Agriculture, [Washington?], [1991])
"August 1991."
Descriptors: organic farming-united states-surveys; agriculture, cooperative-united states; agricultural surveys-united states; cooperative marketing of farm produce-united states

143.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.K67 1995
Statistical review of California's organic agriculture, 1992-1993 : report prepared for California Department of Food and Agriculture, Organic Program.
Klonsky, K.; Tourte, L. ill.; ii, 36p. (Cooperative Extension, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, University of California, Davis, [Davis, Calif.], [1995])
"September 1995."
Descriptors: organic farming-economic aspects-california-statistics; organic farming-licenses-california

144.
NAL Call No.: aHD1751.A42
Success steady in organic produce.
Greene, C. Agric-Outlook-AO-U-S-Dept-Agric-Econ-Res-Serv. (185): p.15-17. (1992 May)
Descriptors: organic foods; food marketing; certification; farms; usa; california; california certified organic farmers

145.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.S86S8
Supply elasticities and responses to relative price changes in organic produce markets.
Lohr, L.; Park, T. J-sustain-agric. v.6(1): p.23-45. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: organic foods; vegetables; fruits; supply elasticities; supply; market prices; change; crop production; adjustment of production; farmers; equations

146.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.A43
A survey of organic produce purchases and related attitudes of food cooperative shoppers.
Goldman, B. J.; Clancy, K. L. Am-J-Alternative-Agric. v.6(2): p.89-92. (1991)
Includes references.
Descriptors: organic foods; fruit; vegetables; purchasing habits; correlation; consumer attitudes; food safety; pesticide residues; health hazards; food prices; food quality; insects; consumer surveys; questionnaires; consumer preferences; organic farming; sustainability; food cooperatives; new york
Abstract: We surveyed shoppers at a food cooperative in New York state to measure the relationship between organic produce purchases and attitudes related to pesticide use in agriculture, food costs, and other factors affecting produce buying. Two-fifths of the co-op shoppers surveyed usually or almost always purchased organically grown produce, and one-third were somewhat or very likely to pay 100 percent more than conventional produce for residue-free produce. Those who usually or almost always purchased organic produce were less concerned than other shoppers about price when they shop for produce, had higher levels of concern about food safety, and were less concerned about insects and surface blemishes on produce. There was no relationship between income and frequency of organic purchases. Most shoppers were concerned about pesticide residues in produce, but a high level of concern appeared necessary to affect the frequency of organic purchases. In their support of organic agriculture, respondents ranked environmental protection higher than consumer protection. Educators should emphasize both the environmental and food safety benefits of organic farming to consumers.

147.
NAL Call No.: SB321.G85
Sustainable agriculture: why green ideas raise a red flag.
Green, J. Grower. (Storrs, Conn.: Cooperative Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, The University of Connecticut). v.93(10): p.7 (1993 Oct.)
Descriptors: sustainability; feasibility; economic viability; organic farming

148.
NAL Call No.: S1.N32
Swapping manure--an idea that's spreading.
Bowman, G. New-farm. v.14(1): p.21-22, 27-29. (1992 Jan.)
Descriptors: animal manures; fertilizers; organic farming; cost benefit analysis; iowa

149.
NAL Call No.: 389.8 B77
Today's global market for spices: an update.
Box, H. Br-Food-J. v.93(5): p.28-34. charts. (1991)
Includes references.
Descriptors: spices; world markets; supply balance; international trade; food industry; food quality; consumption patterns; quality standards; food hygiene; food irradiation; organic foods; convenience foods; growers; developing countries; india
Abstract: An update of world trade in spices is given. The issues discussed include supply, quality, irradiation, increased Western consumption, organic spices, convenience foods, spices in the food industry, and safeguarding the growers. The discussion is supported by data on India's spice exports.

150.
NAL Call No.: HD9000.5.I58 1991
Trade in organic foods: growing as partners into the 21st century: November 11th to 13th, 1991 in Vienna/Austria.
Geier, B.; Haest, C.; Pons, A.; International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements. International Conference (2nd, 1991: Vienna, Austria. ill., 149p. (IFOAM, [Tholey-Theley, Germany], 1992?)
Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: natural foods industry-congresses; organic farming-congresses

151.
NAL Call No.: S1.N32
United we stand.
Bowman, G. New-farm. v.16(7): p.34-39. (1994 Nov.-1994 Dec.)
Descriptors: cooperative marketing; organic farming; michigan

152.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5
An update on organic farming and the development of the organic industry in Australia.
Conacher, J.; Conacher, A. Biol-Agric-Hort-Int-J. v.8(1): p.1-16. (1991)
Includes references.
Descriptors: organic farming; foods; market surveys; farm surveys; censuses; marketing channels; food marketing; supply balance; public opinion; environmental impact; health; nutrition; economic growth; constraints; sustainability; australia; usa; germany; france; great britain; new zealand; organic production survey

153.
NAL Call No.: S1.N32
Vetch cuts costs.
Shirley, C. New-farm. v.14(7): p.26-30. (1992 Nov.-1992 Dec.)
Descriptors: organic farming; farming systems; sustainability; illinois

154.
NAL Call No.: S1.M57
Walnut Acres: organic farming since 1946.
Williams, L. G. Small-farm-today. v.11(6): p.27-29. (1994 Dec.)
Descriptors: small farms; family farms; organic farming

155.
NAL Call No.: KFC385.Z9V38 1992
What the farmer needs to know: a summary of California & federal organic production laws.
Vaupel, S.; Committee for Sustainable Agriculture. 2nd edn. 31p. (Vaupel Associates for the Committee for Sustainable Agriculture, Sacramento, CA, 1992)
Summary of California and federal organic production laws.; "A Guide to understanding the new laws that affect farmers and producers of organic foods in California and the U.S."--Cover.
Descriptors: organic farming-law and legislation-california; organic farming-law and legislation-united states; agricultural laws and legislation-california; agricultural laws and legislation-united states

156.
NAL Call No.: A00111
When it says 'organic' on the label, it'd better be.
LePage, A. San-Diego-Bus-J. v.12(28): p.11, 14. (1991 July)
Descriptors: organic foods; legislation; california; organic foods act of 1990

157.
NAL Call No.: 389.8 B77
Who buys organic food? A profile of the purchasers of organic food in Northern Ireland.
Davies, A.; Titterington, A. J.; Cochrane, C. Br-food-j. v.97(10): p.17-23. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: organic foods; purchasing habits; consumer behavior; household income; dietary surveys; environmental protection; adolescents; men; women; northern ireland
Abstract: A series of studies, conducted over the period 1989 to 1993, based on actual purchasing patterns, seeks to quantify the extent of purchase of organic food and the consumer's commitment. The most commonly expressed motives for purchasing organic food have become consideration for the environment and health reasons. Availability and price are the chief factors which inhibit the purchase of organic food. A profile of actual purchasers of organic produce shows them to be female aged 30-45, with children and having a higher level of disposable income. This research has demonstrated that the primary factor in organic food purchase is the consumer's level of personal disposable income. There would appear to be a distinction between those who claim to be interested in the environment and those who regularly buy organic products.

Author Index

Subject Index

The Alternative Farming Systems Information Center, afsic@nal.usda.gov
http://www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/AFSIC_pubs/organic1.htm, October 31, 1997