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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Employees' Compensation Appeals Board
Washington, D.C. 20210
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Board Procedures
The Employees' Compensation Appeals Board (Board) was created
under Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1946, effective July 16, 1946.
The Board is a three member quasi-judicial body which has been
delegated exclusive jurisdiction by Congress to hear and make
final decisions on appeals of Federal employees from final
decisions of the Office of Workers' Compensation Programs (OWCP)
in claims arising under the Federal Employees' Compensation Act
(5 U.S.C. §§ 8101 et seq.). The Board is independent of the
Office and its jurisdiction is strictly appellate and extends to
questions of fact and law and the exercise of discretion. The
Board's decisions are binding upon the Office and must be
accepted and acted upon by the Director.
Board review is limited to that evidence in the case record
upon which the OWCP rendered its decision; new or additional
evidence may not be submitted to the Board. The decision of the
Board is final as to the subject matter appealed, and is not
subject to court review.
Any claimant who has received a final decision from the OWCP
has the right to file an appeal with the Board. An application
for review should be filed within 90 days from the date of the
OWCP decision (180 days for persons residing outside the
continental United States or Canada). If good cause is shown for
the delay in filing, the Board may accept an application after
the 90 (or 180) day period, provided it is received by the Board
within one year of the date of the OWCP's decision. An
application for Board review should be filed on the Board's AB-1
(Application for Review), but the Board will accept an informal
application if it gives the applicant's full name, the OWCP's
case file number, the date and place of injury, the date of the
most recent OWCP decision, and the reason for disagreement with
the decision. The application must be signed by the person
adversely affected by the OWCP decision. An appellant may
designate a representative for purposes of the appeal but it is
not required that an appellant be represented before the Board.
When the appeal is docketed, a docket number will be assigned
to the appeal and a copy of the application is served upon the
Director of the OWCP, who is permitted time within which to
forward the case record to the Board and a pleading, which is
usually a memorandum in justification of the OWCP decision.
Either the Director or the appellant may request oral argument.
The Board will mail a copy of the Director's memorandum to the
appellant and allows adequate time to file a reply, or to request
oral argument if desired. If neither party requests oral
argument, the case is submitted to the Board for decision on the
record.
If the appellant or the Director requests oral argument, the
case is scheduled for oral argument before the Board. Oral
Arguments are held only in Washington, D.C. The Board does not
pay for travel or incidental expenses. The Board will set the
issues to be heard at argument and send notice to all parties at
least 10 days prior to the date of the scheduled argument. The
appellant or his designated representative may appear before the
Board to present argument, but failure to appear will not
prejudice the case.
The procedure at oral argument is informal. Argument is first
presented by the appellant or his representative, then the
Director's representative makes a statement, following which the
appellant is given an opportunity for rebuttal. As the Board's
jurisdiction is appellate, new or additional evidence may not be
introduced. Oral argument must be confined to the evidence in the
case record or to the legal issue raised. There is no provision
for introduction of testimony or interrogation of witnesses.
The Board strives to process appeals in the order in which
they are filed and as expeditiously as possible. The only
difference in procedure between cases submitted on the record and
oral argument cases is that, in the latter, the parties have an
opportunity to argue points which they consider significant.
Every appeal is reviewed by a panel of Board members, who read
the case record and review the contentions raised on appeal. All
evidence is carefully considered before a decision is reached.
The Board endeavors to maintain a high standard of appellate
review and to achieve, through its procedures, a just decision in
every appeal. The Board's decision includes a written opinion
setting forth the relevant facts, conclusions reached, and the
applicable law and analysis upon which the Board based its
decision. A copy of the Board's decision is sent on the day it is
issued.
Decisions of the Board are comprehensive and constitute a
valuable source of precedent which serves to guide the OWCP in
the adjudication of claims and as reference for injured
employees' attorneys, and others concerned with issues in the
field of workers' compensation. At the end of each fiscal year
the Board selects decisions to be assembled and printed in
volumes. Volumes of Decisions of the Employees' Compensation
Appeals Board and the Index Digest may be purchased from the
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C. 20402. They are also distributed by the Printing
Office to depository libraries of each State (university and law
school libraries; local and state bar association libraries), all
district offices of the OWCP and certain other offices of the
Department of Labor throughout the United States.
Although most appeals are processed to conclusion by a
decision of the Board, following complete review of the case,
other types of action may be taken during the preliminary
processing of the appeal. For example, an appellant may request
permission to withdraw the appeal at any stage in the proceedings
in order to reopen the claim and submit new or additional
evidence to the OWCP. The Director of the OWCP may file a motion
to dismiss the appeal, for reasons fully stated; or file a motion
to remand the case to the OWCP for further appropriate
proceedings. A copy of any motion filed by the Director is mailed
to the appellant, who is given an opportunity to reply. In such
cases, after due consideration, the Board will issue a formal
order and furnish a copy to each party in interest.
Within the discretion of the Board, at any stage of the
appeal, an appellant or the designated representative may inspect
the case record in the office of the Clerk of the Board in
Washington, D.C. Arrangements may also be made for inspection of
the case record in offices of the U.S. Department of Labor in
other cities.
All fees for legal services performed in connection with an
appeal require the approval of the Board. Receipt of any fee or
other consideration for such legal services without approval is a
misdemeanor. Disbursements for such items as travel, telephone
calls, postage, etc. do not require approval; they are a matter
for adjustment between attorney and client. An application for
approval of a fee for legal services should not be submitted to
the Board until after an appeal is closed. It must be accompanied
by an itemized statement of the time and character of the work
performed solely in connection with the appeal, and must state
the amount of the fee requested. The Board will mail a copy of
the fee application to the appellant, who is given the
opportunity to comment. The Board then reviews the application
and will approve a fee in the amount which it considers fair and
reasonable. The payment of any fee approved by the Board is the
responsibility of the appellant. Legal services performed before
the OWCP require a separate fee application to be submitted to
the OWCP for approval.
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