Abollo, E., A. Lopez, C. Gestal, P. Benavente, and S. Pascual (1998). Long-term recording of gastric ulcers in cetaceans stranded on the Galician (NW Spain) coast. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 32(1): 71-73. ISSN: 0177-5103.
Descriptors: stomach ulcers, disease prevalence, wild animals, parasites, helminths, Anisakis simplex, dolphins, Cetacea, Delphinus.
Agrimi, U., G.d. Guardo, N. Palazzini, and S. Kennedy (1996). Aggiornamenti sull'infezione da morbillivirus nei cetacei in Italia. [Update on morbillivirus infection of cetaceans stranded along the Italian coast]. Supplemento Alle Ricerche Di Biologia Della Selvaggina 24: 677-687.
Descriptors: disease surveys, disease prevalence, morbillivirus, Cetacea, dolphins, Italian coast.
Language of Text: Italian with English summary.
Notes: Meeting Information: Atti del Convegno Nazionale: Ecopatologia della Fauna Selvatica, December 15 -17, 1994, Bologna, Italy.
Aguilar, A. and J.A. Raga (1993). The striped dolphin epizootic in the Mediterranean Sea. Ambio 22(8): 524-528. ISSN: 0044-7447.
NAL Call Number: QH540.A52
Descriptors: stenella, morbillivirus, viroses, epidemics, mortality, Mediterranean Sea, Cetacea, dolphins, epidemiology, infectious diseases, mammals, marine areas, paramyxoviridae, viruses, Stenella coeruleoalba.
Language of Text: English summary.
Aguilar, R., R.G. Moreno Navarrete, G. Salgado Maldonado, and B. Villa Ramirez (2001). Gastrointestinal helminths of spinner dolphins Stenella longirostris (Gray, 1828) (Cetacea: Delphinidae) stranded in La Paz Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Comparative Parasitology 68(2): 272-274. ISSN: 1049-233X.
NAL Call Number: QL392.J68
Descriptors: new geographic records, new host records, Acanthocephala, Anisakis, Bolbosoma, Cestoda, Digenea, Stenella, Zalophotrema, dolphins, strandings.
Agusti, C., F.J. Aznar, P.D. Olson, D.T. Littlewood, A. Kostadinova, and J.A. Raga (2005). Morphological and molecular characterization of tetraphyllidean merocercoids (Platyhelminthes: Cestoda) of striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) from the Western Mediterranean. Parasitology 130(4): 461-74. ISSN: 0031-1820.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 P21
Abstract: Two types of tetraphyllidean merocercoids, Phyllobothrium delphini and Monorygma grimaldii, are well known from most cetaceans world-wide. The role of cetaceans in the life-cycle of these merocercoids is unclear because their specific identity is as yet unknown. The problem is compounded by poor descriptions of both merocercoids. We used light and scanning electron microscopy, and histological techniques to provide a thorough description of merocercoids collected from 11 striped dolphins, Stenella coeruleoalba, from the Spanish Mediterranean. We also described, for the first time, specimens of P. delphini with immature proglottides. Our merocercoids were morphologically similar to those described previously, except in the structure of the apical organ. Intra- and inter-sample variability in the morphology of the apical organ suggested that it degenerates during larval development. A subsample of 16 specimens of P. delphini and M. grimaldii was characterized for the D2 variable region of the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU) and compared with published tetraphyllidean cestode LSU sequences. P. delphini showed 2 unique signatures that differed from one another by a single base, whereas all sequences of M. grimaldii were identical. This suggests that each type may represent a single species, contrary to previous speculations based on morphological data. All merocercoid specimens formed a clade together with Clistobothrium montaukensis. Based on the low degree of divergence, all specimens of this clade are predicted to be congeneric.
Descriptors: cestoda anatomy and histology, dolphins parasitology, abdominal cavity parasitology, base sequence, cestoda genetics, cestoda ultrastructure, DNA, helminth chemistry, helminth genetics, Mediterranean Sea, microscopy, electron, scanning, phylogeny, polymerase chain reaction, ribosomal chemistry, RNA, ribosomal genetics, Spain.
Agusti, C., F.J. Aznar, and J.A. Raga (2005). Microtriches of tetraphyllidean metacestodes from Western Mediterranean striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba). Journal of Morphology 265(2): 176-89. ISSN: 0362-2525.
NAL Call Number: 444.8 J826
Descriptors: striped dolphins, Stenella, Mediterranean, tetraphyllidean plerocercoids, merocoids, electron microscopy.
Agusti, C., F.J. Aznar, and J.A. Raga (2005). Tetraphyllidean plerocercoids from Western Mediterranean cetaceans and other marine mammals around the world: a comprehensive morphological analysis. Journal of Parasitology 91(1): 83-92. ISSN: 0022-3395.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 J824
Abstract: Tetraphyllidean plerocercoids have occasionally been reported in marine mammals, but they have rarely been described in detail, and the ecological significance of these infections is unclear. We described plerocercoids collected from the mucosa of the terminal colon and rectum, the anal crypts, and the hepatopancreatic ducts of 7 striped dolphins Stenella coeruleoalba, 1 Cuvier's beaked whale Ziphius cavirostris, and 3 Risso's dolphins Grampus griseus from the Spanish Mediterranean. We also examined undescribed plerocercoids from 3 cetacean species from the Atlantic and the Pacific. All plerocercoids had a lanceolate body, and a scolex with an apical sucker and 4 sessile monolocular bothridia. The bothridia had free posterior edges and an accessory sucker at their anterior end. Under light microscopy, the bothridia of some Mediterranean specimens looked bilocular without accessory suckers, but a true accessory sucker was observed in histological sections. A principal component analysis revealed 2 stable clusters of specimens along the first principal component regardless of host species. These "large" and "small" morphotypes are thought to represent early migratory stages of Phyllobothrium delphini and Monorygma grimaldii. The similarity in scolex morphology, the observation of plerocercoids buried in intestinal regions close to the sites where M. grimaldii and P. delphini occur, and the coexistence of all larval forms in the same individual hosts would support this hypothesis. Future molecular analysis may confirm it.
Descriptors: cestoda anatomy and histology, cestode infections, dolphins parasitology, whales parasitology, anus parasitology, bile ducts parasitology, cestoda ultrastructure, cestode infections parasitology, colon parasitology, hepatic duct, common parasitology, microscopy, electron, scanning, rectum parasitology.
Ali, M.N.M. (1999). Laboratory investigations in dolphins, Tursiops truncatus and sea cat, Odobeivus rosmarus affected with haemorrhagic septicaemia in the media production city in Egypt. Journal of the Egyptian Veterinary Medical Association (Egypt) 59(2-3): 315-335.
Descriptors: Tursiops, sea catfish, hemorrhagic septicaemia, microbiological analysis, histopathology, clinical trials, Egypt, Africa, bacterioses, biological analysis, Cetacea, dolphins, experimentation, fishes, infectious diseases, mammals, North Africa, pathology, saltwater fishes.
Language of Text: English summary.
Notes: Meeting Information: Proceedings of the Twenty Fourth Arab Veterinary Medical Congress, Cairo, Egypt, May 8-12, 1999.
Andrade, A.L., M.C. Pinedo, and A.S. Barreto (2001). Gastrointestinal parasites and prey items from a mass stranding of false killer whales, Pseudorca crassidens, in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology 61(1): 55-61. ISSN: 1519-6984.
Abstract: The gastrointestinal tract of 14 false killer whales, 6 males and 8 females, stranded in June 1995 in southern Brazil, with total standard lengths from 338 to 507 cm, were analysed for endoparasites and food items. A pregnant female had a male foetus of 77.5 cm. Parasites were found in all 14 false killer whales. The nematode Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809) was found in the stomach of 57% of the animals and the acanthocephalan Bolbosoma capitatum (Linstow, 1889) Porta, 1908 was present in the intestine of all specimens and showed densities up to 600 m-1. An unidentified cestode (Tethrabothridae) was found also in the intestines of 14% of the individuals. The high infections of B. capitatum and A. simplex were not directly related with the cause of death. In the stomachs of four females, beaks of at least eight specimens of the oceanic and epipelagic species Ommastrephes bartramii (Lesueur, 1821) were found, with mantle lengths ranging from 189.8 to 360.9 mm. The distribution of O. bartramii in the coast of Rio Grande do Sul is consistent with false killer whales feeding in continental shelf waters.
Descriptors: dolphins parasitology, food preferences, gastrointestinal diseases, helminthiasis, animal parasitology, helminths isolation and purification, Acanthocephala isolation and purification, Brazil, Cestoda isolation and purification, dolphins physiology, gastrointestinal diseases parasitology, Nematoda isolation and purification.
Anonymous (2003). Dolphins with the bends. Biodiversity (Ottawa) 4(4): 36. ISSN: 1488-8386.
Descriptors: marine ecology, ecology, environmental sciences, nervous system, neural coordination, population studies, decompression sickness, injury, sonar activity.
Aznar, F.J., A.O. Bush, J.A. Balbuena, and J.A. Raga (2001). Corynosoma cetaceum in the stomach of franciscanas, Pontoporia blainvillei (Cetacea): an exceptional case of habitat selection by an acanthocephalan. Journal of Parasitology 87(3): 536-41. ISSN: 0022-3395.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 J824
Abstract: Adult acanthocephalans are typically found in the intestine of vertebrates, where they can readily absorb nutrients. However, Corynosoma cetaceum has been frequently reported in the stomach of cetaceans from the Southern Hemisphere. The ecological significance of this habitat was investigated by examining data on number, sex ratio, maturity status, biomass, and fecundity of C. cetaceum in different parts of the digestive tract of 44 franciscanas Pontoporia blainvillei. Individual C. cetaceum occurred in the pyloric stomach (PS) and, to lesser degrees, in the duodenal ampulla (DA) and the main stomach (MS). Females outnumbered males in all chambers, although the sex ratio was closer to 1:1 in the MS; there also was a higher proportion of nongravid females, with a smaller biomass in the MS than in the PS and the DA. This evidence suggests that cystacanths are released from prey tissues in the MS, where entire prey are reduced to semi-fluid chyme. The 3 chambers harbored gravid females that did not differ significantly in mean biomass or fecundity. The maturity status of females was nearly identical between the PS and the DA. In the MS, the higher proportion of non-gravid females is probably due to the occurrence of newly recruited females to this site. Mean biomass and fecundity of gravid females covaried strongly and positively among chambers within hosts. These results suggest that there are no major differences between the 3 chambers with respect to the suitability for reproduction by C. cetaceum. However, although the MS is the largest chamber, it harbored the smallest number of gravid females. Interestingly, worms were largely restricted to the aboral portion of the MS, a sheltered region where a concentration of chyme, and thus nutrient availability, likely occurs. Linear distribution differences of gravid female C. cetaceum at increasing intensities suggest that reproductive females occupy chambers according to available space. In summary, the stomach should be considered the main habitat for C. cetaceum. The choice of this habitat is puzzling because other Corynosoma species occur in the intestine, and because the stomach of cetaceans is not an absorptive site.
Descriptors: acanthocephala physiology, dolphins parasitology, helminthiasis, animal parasitology, stomach parasitology, acanthocephala growth and development, biomass, fertility, sex ratio.
Baker, J.R. (1992). Causes of mortality and parasites and incidental lesions in dolphins and whales from British waters. Veterinary Record 130(26): 569-572. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: Delphinidae, Cetacea, mortality, disease prevalence, animal diseases, parasitoses, pneumonia, lesions, United Kingdom.
Baker, J.R. and A.R. Martin (1992). Causes of mortality and parasites and incidnetal lesions in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from British waters. Veterinary Record 130(25): 554-558. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: Phocoena, mortality, etiology, pathology, postmortem examinations, disease prevalence, parasitoses, lesions, United Kingdom.
Balbuena, J.A., P.E. Asphom, K.I. Andersen, and A. Bjorge (1994). Lung-worms (Nematoda: Pseudaliidae) of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in Norwegian waters: patterns of colonization. Parasitology 108(3): 343-349.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 P21
Descriptors: porpoises, nematoda, aquatic mammals, wild animals, Cetacea, Norway, aquatic animals, aquatic organisms, aschelminthes, Europe, Scandinavia, Western Europe, wildlife.
Barrett, T., M. Blixenkrone Moeller, G.D. Guardo, M. Domingo, P. Duignan, A. Hall, L. Mamaev, and A.D.M.E. Osterhaus (1995). Morbilliviruses in aquatic mammals: report on round table discussion. Veterinary Microbiology 44(2-4): 261-265. ISSN: 0378-1135.
NAL Call Number: SF601.V44
Descriptors: whales, aquatic mammals, morbillivirus, epidemiology, animals, aquatic animals, aquatic organisms, Cetacea, mammals, paramyxoviridae, viruses.
Language of Text: Dutch with English summary.
Barrett, T., I.K.G. Visser, L. Mamaev, L. Goatley, M.F. van Bressem, and A.D.M.E. Osterhaus (1993). Dolphin and porpoise morbilliviruses are genetically distinct from phocine distemper virus. Virology 193(2): 1010-1012. ISSN: 0042-6822.
Descriptors: genetics, viral diseases, phocine distemper virus, phocoenidae, dolphins, Phocoena, Cetacea, morbillivirus.
Beck, B.M. and C.D. Rice (2003). Serum antibody levels against select bacterial pathogens in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, from Beaufort NC USA and Charleston Harbor, Charleston, SC, USA. Marine Environmental Research 55(2): 161-79. ISSN: 0141-1136.
NAL Call Number: QH545.W3M36
Abstract: Concern over the emergence of zoonotic diseases in marine organisms is growing. In response to this concern, this study set out to measure antibody activities against bacterial pathogens in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, from the coastal estuaries of NC and SC, USA. Individuals from Charleston SC harbor, a heavily industrialized shipping harbor estuary, and from Beaufort NC, a non-shipping estuary, were examined. Purified IgG was obtained from pooled sera using ammonium sulfate precipitation steps and protein-G procedures, which was then used to generate a panel of IgG-specific monoclonal antibodies. Two of these antibodies, mAbs BB-10-2 (IgG1) and BB-32-2 (IgG2b), were then used to determine total serum IgG concentrations using a sandwich capture ELISA. Circulating IgG levels were variable between individuals and between the two pods. MAb BB-10-2 was then used in an indirect ELISA to determine serum antibody activities against several common marine bacteria as well as the human pathogens E. coli and E. coli strain 0157:H7, Vibrio parahemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. cholerae, Mycobacteria marinum, M. fortuitum, and M. chelonae. The highest antibody activities were against mycobacteria, two of which are zoonotic pathogens. Males had the highest antibody activities, thus suggesting low cell-mediated immunity against intracellular pathogens in these individuals. T-cell proliferation in response to Con-A, an indicator of cell-mediated immune function, was then measured in the Beaufort population. Males had the lowest proliferation responses, however a negative correlation between antibody activities and T-cell proliferation in individuals could not be established for either of the Mycobacteria species. Overall, antibody activities against all bacteria, including innocuous species such as V. anguillarum, V. natrigens, and M. xenopi were highly variable between individual dolphins and the two pods, with some animals exhibiting very high activities. These studies suggests that dolphin populations should be monitored by following the health and seroprevalence of pathogens of interest in select individual animals over time.
Descriptors: antibodies, monoclonal immunology, dolphins immunology, gram negative bacteria immunology, antibody specificity, dolphins microbiology, environmental exposure adverse effects, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, Escherichia coli immunology, Escherichia coli o157 immunology, marine biology, North Carolina, South Carolina, vibrio classification, vibrio immunology, water pollutants, chemical adverse effects.
Bennett, P.M., P.D. Jepson, R.J. Law, B.R. Jones, T. Kuiken, J.R. Baker, E. Rogan, and J.K. Kirkwood (2001). Exposure to heavy metals and infectious disease mortality in harbour porpoises from England and Wales. Environmental Pollution 112(1): 33-40. ISSN: 0269-7491.
NAL Call Number: QH545.A1E52
Descriptors: diseases, heavy metals, metals, mortality, toxic substances, toxicology, trauma, water pollution, Phocoena.
Beron Vera, B., S.N. Pedraza, J.A. Raga, A.G. de Pertierra, E.A. Crespo, M.K. Alonso, and R.N.P. Goodall (2001). Gastrointestinal helminths of Commerson's dolphins Cephalorhynchus commersonii from central Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 47(3): 201-208. ISSN: 0177-5103.
Descriptors: disease prevalence, epidemiological surveys, geographical distribution, habitats, helminths, parasitoses, species diversity, species richness, Anisakis simplex, Cephalorhynchus, Digenea, Eucestoda, Nematoda, Commerson's dolphins.
Best, P.B. and R.M. McCully (1979). Zygomycosis (phycomycosis) in a right whale (Eubalaena australis). Journal of Comparative Pathology 89(3): 341-348.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 J82
Descriptors: zygomycosis, right whale, phycomycosis, Eubalaena australis.
Bildt, M.W.G.van de, T. Kuiken, and A.D.M.E. Osterhaus (2005). Cetacean morbilliviruses are phylogenetically divergent. Archives of Virology 150(3): 577-83. ISSN: 0304-8608.
NAL Call Number: 448.3 Ar23
Abstract: We performed a phylogenetic comparison of porpoise morbillivirus (PMV) and dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) isolates from porpoises and dolphins respectively according to criteria adopted by the World Health Organization for the phylogenetic comparison of measles viruses. PMV and DMV were more divergent than the most distantly related measles virus strains, thus challenging the classification of PMV and DMV as two strains of a single species, cetacean morbillivirus.
Descriptors: dolphins virology, morbillivirus genetics, porpoises virology, hemagglutinins, viral genetics, morbillivirus classification, morbillivirus isolation and purification, nucleoproteins genetics, phylogeny, species specificity, viral proteins genetics.
Bildt, M.W.G.van de, B.E.E. Martina, B.A. Sidi, and A.D.M.E. Osterhaus (2001). Morbillivirus infection in a bottlenosed dolphin and a Mediterranean monk seal from the Atlantic coast of West Africa. Veterinary Record 148(7): 210-211. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: Tursiops truncatus, phocidae, morbillivirus, viral diseases, nucleic acids, viral antigens, amino acid sequences, case reports, Mauritania, Monachus monachus.
Birkun, A.A. (1996). Viruses of whales and dolphins. Mikrobiologichnii Zhurnal 58(5): 100-106.
Descriptors: viral diseases, serology, whales, dolphins, viruses, Poxviridae, Herpesviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Togaviridae, Picornaviridae, Odontoceti, Tursiops, Stenella, Delphinus.
Birkun, A.A. and E.B. Gol'din (1997). Microphytic algae in cetaceans pathology. Mikrobiologichnii Zhurnal 59(2): 96-105.
Descriptors: marine environment, reviews, parasites, algae, cyanobacteria, mammals, cetaceans.
Birkun Jr., A., T. Kuiken, S. Krivokhizhin, D.M. Haines, A.D.M.E. Osterhaus, M.W.G. van de Bildt, C.R. Joiris, and U. Siebert (1999). Epizootic of morbilliviral disease in common dolphins (Delphinus delphis ponticus) from the Black Sea. Veterinary Record 144(4): 85-92. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: dolphins, morbillivirus, lesions, diagnosis, causes of death, outbreaks, viral antigens, metals, organochlorine compounds, Black Sea.
Blanchard, T.W., N.T. Santiago, T.P. Lipscomb, R.L. Garber, W.E. McFee, and S. Knowles (2001). Two novel alphaherpesviruses associated with fatal disseminated infections in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 37(2): 297-305. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Abstract: Two immature female bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) were found stranded on the Atlantic coast of the USA. Necropsy and histopathologic examination of both dolphins demonstrated acute necrotizing lesions in multiple organ systems. Commonly seen in these lesions were cells with enlarged nuclei that contained single 4 to 6 microm diameter homogeneous eosinophilic inclusion bodies that were often surrounded by a clear halo. Ultrastructural examination revealed that intranuclear inclusions contained 90 to 110 nm diameter viral particles with electron-dense cores and hexagonal profiles. Viral particles were also present in the cytoplasm, and these were surrounded by variably electron-dense envelopes. Enveloped virions were 140 nm in diameter. Polymerase chain reactions targeting the DNA polymerase and terminase genes of herpesviruses were carried out on unfixed tissues of both animals, and analysis of the DNA products indicated the presence of two novel alphaherpesviruses. The gross, histologic, ultrastructural, and molecular genetic findings indicate disseminated herpesviral infections, and support the conclusion that the alphaherpesviruses caused the deaths of the two dolphins. This is the first report of disseminated herpesviral infection in cetaceans.
Descriptors: alphaherpesvirinae isolation and purification, dolphins virology, herpesviridae infections, amino acid sequence, animal diseases pathology, animal diseases virology, base sequence, DNA directed DNA polymerase chemistry, herpesviridae infections pathology, microscopy, electron, molecular sequence data, necrosis, phylogeny, polymerase chain reaction.
Blixenkrone Moller, M., G. Bolt, E. Gottschalck, and M. Kenter (1994). Comparative analysis of the gene encoding the nucleocapsid protein of dolphin morbillivirus reveals its distant evolutionary relationship to measles virus and ruminant morbilliviruses. Journal of General Virology 75(10): 2829-2834.
NAL Call Number: QR360.A1J6
Descriptors: dolphins, amino acids, gene expression, distemper virus, phylogeny, proteins, viroses, morbillivirus, nucleotide sequence, Cetacea, evolution, genomes, infectious diseases, mammals, morbillivirus, paramyxoviridae, viruses, phocine distemper virus, viral diseases.
Blixenkrone Moller, M., G. Bolt, E. Gottschalck, and B. Rima. (1995). Comparative genomic analysis of dolphin morbillivirus reveals its distant evolutionary relationship to measles virus and ruminant morbillivirus. Immunobiology of viral infections. Proceedings 3rd Congress of the European Society for Veterinary Virology, September 4, 1994-September 7, 1994, Interlaken, Switzerland, p. 428-431.
Descriptors: nucleotide sequences, polymerase chain reaction, phylogeny, computer software, measles virus, morbillivirus, dolphins.
Bolt, G. (1996). Molecular biological characterization of morbilivirus field isolates. Copenhagen (Denmark). 140 p.
Descriptors: morbillivirus, genetic variation, gene expression, messenger RNA, phosphoproteins, genes, dolphins, acids, cell structure, Cetacea, chromosomes, mammals, nucleic acids, nucleic compounds, nucleus, organic acids, paramyxoviridae, proteins, RNA, viruses.
Notes: Thesis (Ph.D.). Kongelige Veterinaerog Landbohoejskole, Copenhagen (Denmark). Laboratory of Virology and Immunology.
Bolt, G., S. Alexandersen, and M. Blixenkrone Moller (1995). The phosphoprotein gene of a dolphin morbillivirus isolate exhibits genomic variation at the editing site. Journal of General Virology 76(12): 3051-3058.
NAL Call Number: QR360.A1J6
Descriptors: morbillivirus, phosphoproteins, messenger rna, gene expression, viruses, proteins, recombination, distemper virus, nucleotide sequence, acids, genomes, morbillivirus, nucleic acids, nucleic compounds, organic acids, paramyxoviridae, proteins, rna, viruses, phocine distemper virus.
Bolt, G. and M. Blixenkrone Moeller (1994). Nucleic acid hybridization analyses confirm the presence of a hitherto unknown morbillivirus in Mediterranean dolphins. Veterinary Microbiology 41(4): 363-372. ISSN: 0378-1135.
NAL Call Number: SF601.V44
Descriptors: dolphins, morbillivirus, diagnosis, nucleic acids, acids, Cetacea, mammals, nucleic compounds, organic acids, paramyxoviridae, viruses.
Language of Text: English summary.
Bompar, J.M., F. Dhermain, F. Poitevin, and M. Cheylan (1991). Les dauphins mediterraneeens [Stenella coeruleoalba] victimes d' un virus mortel. [Mediterranean dolphins [Stenella coeruleoalba] fall prey to a fatal virus]. Recherche (231): 506-508. ISSN: 0029-5671.
Descriptors: dolphins, stenella, animal viruses, viroses, epidemics, Mediterranean Sea, Cetacea, dolphins, epidemiology, mammals, marine areas.
Language of Text: French.
Bonar, C.J. and R.A. Wagner (2003). A third report of "golf ball disease" in an Amazon River dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) associated with Streptococcus iniae. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 34(3): 296-301. ISSN: 1042-7260.
NAL Call Number: SF601.J6
Abstract: An Amazon River dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) developed a dermatologic syndrome characterized by the occurrence of slow-growing, nodular, s.c. abscesses. Initial biopsies, cultures, and cytologic analysis of needle aspirates from the abscesses indicated steatitis with probable secondary, gram-negative bacterial infection. Treatment with dietary vitamin E supplement and broad-spectrum antibiotics yielded minimal improvement. Subsequent cultures revealed Streptococcus iniae in addition to several gram-negative bacteria. Vigorous surgical management of the abscesses, including lancing, debridement, and irrigation, combined with antimicrobial therapy specific for Streptococcus and gram-negative organisms, and improvement of the animal's diet and environmental water quality led to gradual recovery. When the animal was ill, it demonstrated an inflammatory leukogram and transient uremia. Streptococcus iniae is a serious pathogen of aquacultured fishes and humans and should be included in the differential diagnosis of chronic dermatopathy in river dolphins. Specific antimicrobial therapy, excellent water quality, surgical management of abscesses, and adherence to sanitary protocols should be observed in cases of suspected S. iniae infection in dolphins.
Descriptors: abscess, anti bacterial agents therapeutic use, dolphins microbiology, streptococcal infections, abscess drug therapy, abscess microbiology, abscess surgery, gram negative bacteria isolation and purification, gram negative bacteria pathogenicity, gram negative bacterial infections drug therapy, gram negative bacterial infections pathology, gram negative bacterial infections surgery, gram negative bacterial infections, streptococcal infections drug therapy, streptococcal infections pathology, streptococcal infections surgery, streptococcus isolation and purification, streptococcus pathogenicity, treatment outcome, water standards.
Bossart, G.D., R. Ewing, A.J. Herron, C. Cray, B. Mase, S.J. Decker, J.W. Alexander, and N.H. Altman (1997). Immunoblastic malignant lymphoma in dolphins: histologic, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical features. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 9(4): 454-458. ISSN: 1040-6387.
NAL Call Number: SF774.J68
Descriptors: lymphoma, lymph nodes, dolphins, spleen, histopathology, ultrastructure, immunohistochemistry, case reports, Florida, Mississippi.
Bossart, G.D., S.J. Decker and R.Y. Ewing (2002). Cytopathology of cutaneous viral papillomatosis in the killer whale, Orcinus orca. In: C.J. Pfeiffer (Editor), Molecular and Cell Biology of Marine Mammals, Kreiger Publishing Company: Malabar, p. 213-224. ISBN: 1575240629.
Descriptors: Orcinus orca, viral diseases, papillomatosis, cytopathology.
Bowater, R.O., J. Norton, S. Johnson, B. Hill, P. O' Donoghue, and H. Prior (2003). Toxoplasmosis in Indo-Pacific humpbacked dolphins (Sousa chinensis), from Queensland. Australian Veterinary Journal 81(10): 627-632. ISSN: 0005-0423.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Au72
Descriptors: etiology, case reports, clinical aspects, diagnosis, epidemiology, immunohistochemistry, pathology, Cetacea, dolphins, Toxoplasma gondii, dolphins.
Bowenkamp, K.E., S.D.I.A. Frasca Jr., G.J. Tsongalis, C. Koerting, L. Hinckley, S. De Guise, R.J. Montali, C.E. Goertz, D.J. St. Aubin, and J.L. Dunn (2001). Mycobacterium marinum dermatitis and panniculitis with chronic pleuritis in a captive white whale (Delphinapterus leucas) with aortic rupture. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 13(6): 524-30. ISSN: 1040-6387.
NAL Call Number: SF774.J68
Abstract: A 16-year-old female white whale, Delphinapterus leucas, died after nearly 18 months of chronic lymphopenia and pyogranulomatous dermatitis. Necropsy revealed rupture of the aorta with hemorrhage into the cranial mediastinum and between fascial planes of the ventral neck musculature. Multiple foci of ulcerative dermatitis and panniculitis were present across the thorax and abdomen and surrounded the genital folds. In addition, there was a chronic proliferative pleuritis with over 20 liters of histiocytic exudate in the thoracic cavity. Acid-fast bacteria consistent with Mycobacterium sp. were identified in sections of skin lesions and in cytospins of pleural exudate. Cultures of pleura and 1 skin lesion collected at necropsy yielded sparse growth of an acid-fast bacillus with colony characteristics and morphology consistent with Mycobacterium marinum. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis confirmed the presence of M. marinum DNA in samples of skin. This is the first documented occurrence of mycobacteriosis in a white whale and is a unique presentation of mycobacterial dermatitis and panniculitis with chronic pleuritis in a cetacean. The improved PCR-RFLP protocol utilized in this case unifies techniques from several protocols to differentiate between species of Nocardia and rapidly growing mycobacteria clinically relevant to aquatic animals.
Descriptors: aortic rupture, dermatitis, mycobacterium infections, atypical, Mycobacterium marinum isolation and purification, panniculitis, pleural diseases, whales microbiology, chronic disease, DNA, bacterial analysis, dermatitis microbiology, fatal outcome, mycobacterium infections, atypical complications, Mycobacterium marinum pathogenicity, panniculitis microbiology, pleural diseases microbiology, polymerase chain reaction, polymorphism, restriction fragment length.
Brass, I. (2002). Vergleichende bakteriologische Untersuchungen zur Zusammensetzung der Atemwegsflora bei Delphinen (Tursiops truncatus) in verschiedenen Haltungssystemen. [Comparative microbiological investigations on the composition of the respiratory flora in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in different husbandry systems]. 222 p.
NAL Call Number: DISS F2002162
Descriptors: etiology, animal husbandry, microbial flora, respiratory diseases, respiratory system, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Tursiops truncatus, Vibrio.
Brattey, J. and G.B. Stenson (1995). Helminth parasites of the alimentary tract of the harbor porpoise, Phocoena phocoena (L.), from Newfoundland and Labrador. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 62(2): 209-216. ISSN: 0018-0130.
NAL Call Number: QL392.J68
Descriptors: digestive system, parasites, marine mammals, disease prevalence, helminths, epidemiology, Anisakis simplex, Phocoena, Cetacea, cattle, Newfoundland, Labrador.
Bricker, B.J., D.R. Ewalt, A.P. MacMillan, G. Foster, and S. Brew (2000). Molecular characterization of Brucella strains isolated from marine mammals. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38(3): 1258-62. ISSN: 0095-1137.
NAL Call Number: QR46.J6
Abstract: Recently, gram-negative bacteria isolated from a variety of marine mammals have been identified as Brucella species by conventional phenotypic analysis. This study found the 16S rRNA gene from one representative isolate was identical to the homologous sequences of Brucella abortus, B. melitensis, B. canis, and B. suis. IS711-based DNA fingerprinting of 23 isolates from marine mammals showed all the isolates differed from the classical Brucella species. In general, fingerprint patterns grouped by host species. The data suggest that the marine mammal isolates are distinct types of Brucella and not one of the classical species or biovars invading new host species. In keeping with historical precedent, the designation of several new Brucella species may be appropriate.
Descriptors: brucella genetics, dolphins microbiology, seals, earless microbiology, bacterial typing techniques, base sequence, brucella classification, brucella isolation and purification, Brucella abortus classification, Brucella abortus genetics, Brucella abortus isolation and purification, Brucella melitensis classification, Brucella melitensis genetics, Brucella melitensis isolation and purification, cattle, DNA, ribosomal genetics, dogs, goats, mice, molecular sequence data, polymerase chain reaction methods, rna, ribosomal, 16s genetics, reindeer, rodentia, sheep, swine.
Brosens, L., T. Jauniaux, U. Siebert, H. Benke, and F. Coignoul (1996). Observations on the helminths of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) and common guillemots (Uria aalge) from the Belgian and German coasts. Veterinary Record 139(11): 254-257. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: Phocoena, Uria aalge, cestoda, nematoda, pentastomida, trematoda, helminthoses, age differences, maturity stage, mortality, pathology, parasitism, incidence, sex differences, Belgium, Germany.
Brown, W.R., J.R. Geraci, B.D. Hicks, and D.J. St. Aubin (1983). Epidermal cell proliferation in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Canadian Journal of Zoology 61(7): 1587-1590. ISSN: 0008-4301.
NAL Call Number: 470 C16D
Descriptors: dolphin, epidermal cell, proliferation, Tursiops.
Brudnjak, Z. (1995). Epizootije meu tuljanima i dupinima uzrokovane morbilivirusima. [Outbreaks of disease in seals and dolphins caused by morbilliviruses]. Veterinarska Stanica 26(3): 143-148. ISSN: 0350-7149.
Descriptors: morbillivirus, Phocidae, dolphins, seals, phocine distemper virus.
Buck, C., G.P. Paulino, D.J. Medina, G.D. Hsiung, T.W. Campbell, and M.T. Walsh (1993). Isolation of St. Louis encephalitis virus from a killer whale. Clinical and Diagnostic Virology 1(2): 109-112. ISSN: 0928-0197.
Abstract: We report the isolation of St. Louis Encephalitis (SLE) virus from a mature male killer whale (Orcinus orca). This represents the first isolation of SLE virus from a marine mammal. The animal presented with reduced appetite, rapidly became lethargic and subsequently died. Virus-induced CPE was observed in a dolphin cell line, SP-1K (ATCC CCL 78), inoculated with brain, kidney, and lung tissues obtained at necropsy. Electron microscopy of infected SP-1K cells revealed the presence of virions having morphology and size resembling members of the Flaviviridae. Final identification as SLE virus was made by neutralization and immunofluorescence staining tests.
Descriptors: killer whale, St. Louis encephalitis virus, isolation, electron microscopy, cell line, immunofluorescence staining.
Byard, R.W., J.D. Gilbert, S.E. Gibbs, and C.M. Kemper (2003). Cetacean cafe coronary. Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine 10(2): 85-88. ISSN: 1353-1131.
Abstract: The carcass of a young adult male Indian Ocean Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops cf aduncus) was found floating in an estuary near Adelaide, South Australia. An autopsy revealed that death had been caused by obstruction of the upper aerodigestive tract by a 660 mm Cobbler Carpetshark (Sutorectus tentaculatus). Similar airway obstruction in humans while feeding has been termed cafe coronary syndrome. Although death may have merely resulted from over-enthusiastic feeding, the possibility of neurological impairment was considered, and limited toxicological analyses of tissues was undertaken. No increase in organochlorine pesticides was found, however the possibility of heavy metal poisoning was not excluded. Formal neuropathology was unable to be undertaken. When sudden death in other mammal species mimics cases that are found in humans, similar underlying mechanisms may be present.
Descriptors: Indian Ocean, bottlenose dolphin, autopsy, obstruction, upper aerodigestuve tract, airway obstruction, death.
Cabezon, O., E. Obon, F. Alegre, S. Pont, and M. Domingo (2000). Interpretation of skin lesions in stranded cetaceans. European Research on Cetaceans 14: 263-264. ISSN: 1028-3412.
Descriptors: Cetacea, skin, parasites diseases and disorders, injuries, Mediterranean Sea, west, skin lesions interpretation, stranded individuals.
Cabezon, O., A.R. Resendes, M. Domingo, J.A. Raga, C. Agusti, F. Alegre, J.L. Mons, J.P. Dubey, and S. Almeria (2004). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in wild dolphins from the Spanish Mediteranean coast. Journal of Parasitology 90(3): 643-644. ISSN: 0022-3395.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 J824
Descriptors: Delphinidae, Phocoenidae, Toxoplasma gondii, seroprevalence, antibodies, antibody detection, agglutination tests, dolphins, infection, toxoplasmosis, Spain, Mediterranean Sea.
Calle, P.P., D.E. Kenny, and R.A. Cook (1993). Successful treatment of suspected Erysipelas septicemia in a beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas). Zoo Biology 12(5): 483-490. ISSN: 0733-3188.
NAL Call Number: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: Delphinapterus leucas, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, medical treatment, beluga, whale, treatment.
Carrasquillo Casado, B., M. Alsina Guerrero, M.A. Cardona Maldonado, E.H. Williams Jr., and A.A. Mignucci Giannoni (2002). Fatal pneumonia and pleuritis caused by an agujon beak penetration in a bottlenose dolphin from Puerto Rico. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 14(1): 65-67. ISSN: 0899-7659.
NAL Call Number: SH171.J68
Descriptors: beak, case reports, foreign bodies, histopathology, lungs, mortality, pneumonia, dolphins, Tursiops truncatus.
Cartee, R.E., R. Tarpley, K. Mahoney, S.H. Ridgway, and P.L. Johnson (1995). A case of cystic adrenal disease in a common dolphin (Delphinus delphis). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 26(2): 293-297. ISSN: 1042-7260.
NAL Call Number: SF601.J6
Descriptors: ultrasonography, case reports, adrenal glands, histopathology, adrenal gland diseases, delphinus, Odontoceti.
Cebrian, D. (1995). The striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba epizootic in Greece, 1991-1992. Biological Conservation 74(2): 143-145.
NAL Call Number: S900.B5
Descriptors: stenella, wild animals, Greece, dolphins, Cetacea, aquatic mammals, Mediterranean Sea, aquatic animals, aquatic organisms, Balkans, Cetacea, dolphins, Europe, marine areas, Mediterranean countries, Southern Europe, Western Europe, wildlife, Stenella coeruleoalba, delphinidae, marine mammals, dolphin morbillivirus disease.
Choi, Y.K., M.S. Kang, H.R. Sohn, and D.Y. Kim (2003). Disseminated ciliated protozoan infection in a Pacific dolphin (Tursiops gilli). Veterinary Record 153(23): 714-715. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: Tursiops, protozoal infections, Ciliophora, skin lesions, skin, case studies, dermatitis, inflammation, lungs, liver, lymph nodes, zoo animals, symptoms, disease course, histopathology, hepatitis, pneumonia, lymphadenitis, Tursiops gilli, Kyaroikeus cetarius.
Clavareau, C., V. Wellemans, K. Walravens, M. Tryland, J.M. Verger, M. Grayon, A. Cloeckaert, J.J. Letesson, and J. Godfroid (1998). Phenotypic and molecular characterization of a Brucella strain isolated from a minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata). Microbiology (Reading) 144(12): 3267-3273.
NAL Call Number: QR1.J64
Descriptors: brucella, whales, Cetacea, wild animals, bacteria, Cetacea, mammals, wildlife, mysticeti, balaenopteridae.
Cloeckaert, A., J.M. Verger, M. Grayon, J.Y. Paquet, B. Garin Bastuji, G. Foster, and J. Godfroid (2001). Classification of Brucella spp. isolated from marine mammals by DNA polymorphism at the omp2 locus. Microbes and Infection 3(9): 729-38. ISSN: 1286-4579.
NAL Call Number: QR180.M53
Abstract: A number of recent reports have described the isolation and characterization of Brucella strains from a wide variety of marine mammals such as seals, porpoises, dolphins and a minke whale. These strains were identified as brucellae by conventional typing tests. However, their overall characteristics were not assimilable to those of any of the six currently recognized Brucella species and it was suggested that they comprise a new nomen species to be called Brucella maris. In the present study we analysed DNA polymorphism at the omp2 locus of 33 marine mammal Brucella strains isolated from seals, dolphins, porpoises and an otter. The omp2 locus contains two gene copies (named omp2a and omp2b) coding for porin proteins and has been found particularly useful for molecular typing and identification of Brucella at the species, biovar, or strain level. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and DNA sequencing showed that strains isolated from dolphins and porpoises carry two omp2b gene copies instead of one omp2a and one omp2b gene copy or two similar omp2a gene copies reported in the currently recognized species. This observation was also recently made for a minke whale Brucella isolate. The otter and all seal isolates except one were shown to carry one omp2a and one omp2b gene copy as encountered in isolates from terrestrial mammals. By PCR-RFLP of the omp2b gene, a specific marker was detected grouping the marine mammal Brucella isolates. Although marine mammal Brucella isolates may represent a separate group from terrestrial mammal isolates based on omp2b sequence constructed phylogenetic trees, the divergence found between their omp2b and also between their omp2a nucleotide sequences indicates that they form a more heterogeneous group than isolates from terrestrial mammals. Therefore, grouping the marine mammal Brucella isolates into one species Brucella maris seems inappropriate unless the currently recognized Brucella species are grouped. With respect to the current classification of brucellae according to the preferential host, brucellae isolated from such diverse marine mammal species as seals and dolphins could actually comprise more than one species, and at least two new species, B. pinnipediae and B. cetaceae, could be compatible with the classical criteria of host preferentialism and DNA polymorphism at their omp2 locus.
Descriptors: bacterial outer membrane proteins genetics, brucella classification, dolphins microbiology, otters microbiology, porpoises microbiology, seals, earless microbiology, brucella genetics, brucella isolation and purification, brucellosis microbiology, brucellosis, DNA, bacterial analysis, DNA, bacterial genetics, molecular sequence data, phylogeny, polymerase chain reaction, polymorphism, genetic genetics, polymorphism, restriction fragment length, seawater, sequence analysis.
Colgrove, G.S. (1978). Suspected transportation-associated myopathy in a dolphin. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 173(9): 1121-3. ISSN: 0003-1488.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Am3
Abstract: A pacific bottle-nosed dolphin became depressed and immobile following 22.5 hours of transportation. Creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were increased, suggesting muscle damage. Though a definitive diagnosis was not reached, the condition in the dolphin was similar to that of capture myopathy in wild terrestrial animals.
Descriptors: dolphins, muscular diseases, transportation, muscular diseases blood, muscular diseases etiology, swimming.
Conti, J.A. and R.K. Frohlich (1984). Gastrointestinal parasitism in pygmy killer whales. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 51(2): 364-365. ISSN: 0018-0130.
Descriptors: trematoda, anisakis, cestoda, whales, Florida, parasitism, pygmy killer whales, gastrointestinal.
Cordes, D.O. (1982). Dolphins and their diseases. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 30(4): 46-49. ISSN: 0048-0169.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 N483
Abstract: Thirty-eight species of small cetaceans termed dolphins and porpoises are listed. This review is a contribution to the growing community and veterinary interest in the welfare and diseases of these animals.
Descriptors: cetaceans, diseases, review, welfare, species, dolphins, porpoises.
Cordes, D.O. and P.J. O'Hara (1979). Diseases of captive marine mammals. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 27(7): 147-150.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 N483
Descriptors: diseases, marine mammals, captive, New Zealand.
Corpa, J.M., B. Peris, V. Ribes, J. Palacio, and F. Liste (2004). Hydrocephalus in a newborn bottlenosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Veterinary Record 155(7): 208-210. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: bottlenose dolphin, newborn, hydrocephalus, Tursiops truncatus.
Costa, G., J.C. Chubb, and C.J. Veltkamp (2000). Cystacanths of Bolbosoma vasculosum in the black scabbard fish Aphanopus carbo, oceanic horse mackerel Trachurus picturatus and common dolphin Delphinus delphis from Madeira, Portugal. Journal of Helminthology 74: 113-120. ISSN: 0022-149X.
NAL Call Number: 436.8 J82
Descriptors: bolbosoma, occurrence, marine fishes, trachurus, delphinus, Portugal.
Crichton, P.B., M.S. Henry, and D.C. Old (2000). Strain discrimination of a novel serotype of Salmonella from harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) by molecular techniques. Veterinary Microbiology 76(1): 61-69. ISSN: 0378-1135.
NAL Call Number: SF601.V44
Descriptors: Phocoena, Salmonella, serotypes, strains, strain differences, identification, antigens, biochemical markers, disease transmission, Scotland.
Cruickshank, J.J., D.M. Haines, N.C. Palmer, and D.J. St Aubin (1990). Cysts of a toxoplasma-like organism in an Atlantic bottlenose dolphin. Canadian Veterinary Journal 31(3): 213-215. ISSN: 0008-5286.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 R3224
Descriptors: Tursiops truncatus, Toxoplasma gondii, cysts, liver, adrenal glands, case reports, Florida.
Dabin, W., C. Cesarini, I. Clemenceau, F. Dhermain, T. Jauniaux, and O.R.V. van Canneyt (2004). Double-faced monster in the bottlenosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) found in the Mediterranean sea. Veterinary Record 154(10): 306-308. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: bottlenose dolphin, double faced, Mediterranean Sea, Tursiops truncatus.
Dailey, M.D., F.M.D. Gulland, L.J. Lowenstine, P. Silvagni, and D. Howard (2000). Prey, parasites and pathology associated with the mortality of a juvenile gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) stranded along the northern California coast. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 42(2): 111-117. ISSN: 0177-5103.
Descriptors: ectoparasites, electrolytes, hematocrit, hematology, hemosiderosis, helminths, hypoglycaemia, parasites, pathology, prey, Amphipoda, Anisakis simplex, Bolbosoma, Cetacea, Trematoda, whales.
Dans, S.L., L.M. Reyes, S.N. Pedraza, J.A. Raga, and E.A. Crespo (1999). Gastrointestinal helminths of the dusky dolphin, Lagenorhynchus obscurus (Gray, 1828), off Patagonia, in the southwestern Atlantic. Marine Mammal Science 15(3): 649-660.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: stomach, intestines, marine mammals, wild animals, helminths, disease prevalence, epidemiology, ecology, localization, duodenum, parasites, Lagenorhynchus, Anisakis simplex.
Dawson, C.E., L.L. Perrett, N.J. Davison, S. Quinney, and V. Simpson (2004). Brucella species infection in marine mammals off the Cornish coast. Veterinary Record 155(1): 32. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: brucella isolation and purification, brucellosis, Cetacea microbiology, seals, earless microbiology, animals, wild microbiology, brucellosis blood, brucellosis epidemiology, brucellosis etiology, dolphins microbiology, porpoises microbiology, Scotland epidemiology.
De Guise, S., A. Lagace, and P. Beland (1994). Gastric papillomas in eight St. Lawrence beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas). Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 6(3): 385-388. ISSN: 1040-6387.
NAL Call Number: SF774.J68
Descriptors: Delphinapterus leucas, papillomas, papillomavirus, stomach, histopathology, Canada.
De Guise, S., A. Lagace, and P. Beland (1994). Tumors in St. Lawrence beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas). Veterinary Pathology 31(4): 444-449. ISSN: 0300-9858.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 P27
Descriptors: Delphinapterus leucas, neoplasms, disease prevalence, rivers, contaminants, water pollution, carcinogens, Canada, St. Lawrence River.
De Guise, S., A. Lagace, C. Girard, and P. Beland (1993). Intramuscular Sarcocystis in two beluga whales and an Atlantic white-sided dolphin from the St. Lawrence estuary, Quebec, Canada. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 5(2): 296-300. ISSN: 1040-6387.
NAL Call Number: SF774.J68
Descriptors: Delphinapterus leucas, sarcocystis, lagenorhynchus, Quebec.
De Guise, S., A.B.P. Lagace, C. Girard, and R. Higgins (1995). Non-neoplastic lesions in beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) and other marine mammals from the St. Lawrence estuary. Journal of Comparative Pathology 112(3): 257-271. ISSN: 0021-9975.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 J82
Abstract: In a 3-year (1988-1990) pathological study, 24 carcasses of beluga whales from the St Lawrence Estuary, Quebec, Canada, showed numerous severe lesions, many of which had never been reported in cetaceans. The most common lesions were found in the digestive tract (21 animals) and consisted mainly of periodontitis and of erosions and ulcers in the oesophagus and the first two gastric compartments. Pneumonia, usually of parasitic origin, was also a common finding (12 animals). The adrenal glands often contained nodules (five animals) or cysts (seven animals), and mastitis was observed in five females. Overall, the incidence of degenerative, infectious, hyperplastic or necrotic lesions, in addition to numerous neoplasms described in another paper, was considerably higher than that found in marine mammals elsewhere or in other species of marine mammal from the same waters.
Descriptors: blood and lymphatics, transport and circulation, dental and oral system, ingestion and assimilation, digestive system, ingestion and assimilation, freshwater ecology, ecology, environmental sciences, infection, pathology, pollution assessment control and management, respiratory system, respiration, toxicology, wildlife management, conservation, bacterial infection, gastric ulcer, mastitis, necrosis, periodontitis, pneumonia, toxicology, water pollution.
De Guise, S., P.S. Ross, A.D.M.E. Osterhaus, D. Martineau, P. Beland, and M. Fournier (1997). Immune functions in beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas): evaluation of natural killer cell activity. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 58(3-4): 345-354. ISSN: 0165-2427.
NAL Call Number: SF757.2.V38
Descriptors: Delphinapterus leucas, immune system, natural killer cells, activity, defense mechanisms, viruses, infections, neoplasms, biochemical techniques, chromium, isotope labeling, flow cytometry, assays, cell lines, interleukin 2, ratios.
Demaree Jr., R.S., R.L. Critchfield, and S.P. Tinling (1997). Oschmarinella macrorchis sp. n. (Digenea: Campulidae) from the liver sinuses of a beaked whale, Mesoplodon stejnegeri (Cetacea: Ziphiidae). Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 64(2): 183-187. ISSN: 0018-0130.
NAL Call Number: QL392.J68
Descriptors: liver, sinuses, marine mammals, new species, taxonomy, morphology, parasites, helminths, campulidae, Cetacea, Digenea, beaked whale.
Devaraj, M. and P.S. Bennet (1976). Occurrence of Xenobalanus globicipitis (Steenstrup) on the finless black porpoise, Neomeris Phocoenoides in Indian seas. Note. Indian Journal of Fisheries 21(2): 579-581. ISSN: 0537-2003.
NAL Call Number: SH299.I5
Descriptors: finless black porpoise, Xenobalanus globicipitis, Neomeris phocoenoides, Indian Seas.
Language of Text: English summary.
Dhermain, F., J.M. Bompar, G. Chappuis, M. Folacci, and F. Poitevin (1994). Epizootie a Morbillivirus chez les dauphins bleu-et-blanc Stenella coeruleoalba en Mediterranee. Epizootia por Morbillivirus en los delfines azul-y-blanco: Stenella coeruleoalba en el Mediterraneo. [The Morbillivirus epidemic of the strip dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba in the Mediterranean sea]. Recueil De Medecine Veterinaire 170(2-3): 85-92. ISSN: 0034-1843.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 R24
Descriptors: stenella, viroses, morbillivirus, epidemics, environmental factors, Mediterranean Sea, Cetacea, dolphins, epidemiology, infectious diseases, mammals, marine areas, paramyxoviridae, viruses.
Language of Text: English, French and Spanish summaries.
Di Beneditto, A.P.M. and R.M.A. Ramos (2004). Biology of the marine tucuxi dolphin (Sotalia fluviatilis) in south-eastern Brazil. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 84(6): 1245-1250. ISSN: 0025-3154.
NAL Call Number: 442.9 M331
Abstract: Age, growth and reproductive parameters related to the marine tucuxi are presented, as well as feeding habits and parasitism. The specimens' age ranged from zero (newborn) to 21 years for males and 0.5 to 30 years for females. In relation to the body dimension, length distributions were bell-shaped for both sexes with male marine tucuxi ranging from 86.0 to 200.0 cm in length and females from 117.5 to 198.0 cm. The body length of new-born and calves varied between 86.0 to 117.5 cm and the postnatal growth curve an asymptotic reached length of 191.0 cm. According to the relationship between age, body length and reproductive characteristics, male and female specimens were considered sexually mature when >=6 years and body length >= 180.0 cm and >= 6 years and body length >= 160.0 cm, respectively. Males and females up to six years old represented around 80% of the captures, indicating a bias towards Juveniles and individuals that have yet to reach sexual maturity. The youngest specimen with solid contents in the stomach was 119.0 cm in length and seven months old. The marine tucuxi feeds on neritic prey, preferentially on the teleost fishes Trichiurus lepturus and Porichthys porossisimus, and on the cephalopods Loligo sanpaulensis and L. plei. Back calculation of prey lengths indicated that fish ranged from 1.2 to 106.9 cm and cephalopods from 3.4 to 22.2 cm. The barnacle Xenobalanus globicipitis was recorded attaching to the caudal fin and the helminths Braunina cordiformis, Anisakis typica, Halocercus brasiliensis and Nasitrema sp. were found in the internal organs.
Descriptors: Sotalia fluviatilis, south Atlantic, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, biology.
Di Guardo, G., U. Agrimi, D. Amaddeo, M. McAliskey, and S. Kennedy (1992). Morbillivirus infection in a striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) from the coast of Italy. Veterinary Record 130(26): 579-580. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: Stenella coeruleoalba, morbillivirus, viral diseases, mortality, case reports, Italy.
Di Guardo, G., S. Bilei, R. Fischetti, and S. Saccares (1990). Parassitosi spontanea multipla da Phyllobothrium delphini (Bosc, 1802) e Monorygma grimaldii (Moniez, 1889) in un delfino (Stenella coeruleoalba). [Simultaneous occurrence of Phyllobothrium delphini (Bosc, 1802) and Monorygma grimaldii (Moniez, 1889) in a dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba)]. Obiettivi E Documenti Veterinari 11(11): 59-61. ISSN: 0392-1913.
Descriptors: dolphins, stomach, kidneys, muscles, hemorrhage, diagnosis, parasitoses, postmortem examination, trematoda, animal morphology, biological analysis, Cetacea, circulatory disorders, digestive system, disorders, functional disorders, histocytological analysis, mammals, musculoskeletal system, platyhelminthes, urinary tract, urogenital system.
Language of Text: English and Italian summaries.
Di Guardo, G., G. Marruchella, M. Affronte, V. Zappulli, and C. Benazzi (2005). Heterotopic kidney tissue in the lung of a free-living common dolphin (Delphinus delphis). Veterinary Pathology 42(2): 213-214. ISSN: 0300-9858.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 P27
Abstract: A spontaneous case of renal heterotopia involving the lung parenchyma of a free-living, adult, female common dolphin (Delphinus delphis), which was found stranded alive on the North Adriatic Sea coast of Italy, is reported in this study. The lesion, slightly visible from the macroscopic point of view, had the histologic appearance of a "foreign tissue island," which was poorly demarcated from the surrounding pulmonary tissue. Within Such an island, several regularly shaped and apparently mature kidney glomeruli and tubules could be observed, with no evidence of secondary tissue reaction. To the best of our knowledge, this should be the first description of heterotopic kidney tissue Occurrence in the lung of any domestic or wild animal species.
Descriptors: Delphinus delphis, diseases and disorders, renal heterotopia, Mediterranean Sea, Adriatic Sea, intrapulmonary heterotopic kidney tissue, case report.
Di Guardo, G., G. Marruchella, U. Agrimi, and S. Kennedy (2005). Morbillivirus infections in aquatic mammals: a brief overview. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A 52(2): 88-93. ISSN: 0931-184X.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Z5
Abstract: Since 1987, at least eight morbillivirus infection (MI) epidemics have caused mass mortality of several free-living pinniped and cetacean populations around the world. The responsible agents, all belonging to the genus Morbillivirus (family Paramyxoviridae), have been characterized as either 'canine distemper virus' strains, infecting pinnipeds, or as three new morbilliviruses, namely 'phocid (phocine) distemper virus', 'porpoise morbillivirus' and 'dolphin morbillivirus'. The last two agents are currently gathered under the common denomination of 'cetacean morbillivirus'. At post-mortem examination, a commonly occurring macroscopic lesion is represented by more or less severe bilateral pneumonia, with consolidation, congestion and oedema of both lungs, which fail to collapse. Histologically, a non-suppurative broncho-interstitial pneumonia, characterized by type II pneumocyte hyperplasia and by formation of endobronchial, endobronchiolar and endoalveolar 'Warthin-Finkeldey type' syncytia, as well as a multifocal, non-suppurative encephalitis, associated with a severe and generalized lymphoid tissue depletion, are common pathological findings. Furthermore, eosinophilic viral inclusions are often detected, at both the intracytoplasmic and intranuclear level, within bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial, pulmonary syncytial, neuronal and other cell types. These inclusions, along with lymphoid and other cellular elements, are often found to be immunohistochemically positive for morbillivirus antigen. Among the still debated, or even controversial issues regarding MI in sea mammals, the one related to the origin of their causative agents is of particular concern. Another intriguing issue regards the synergistic effects, if any, associated with chronic exposure to a number of environmental pollutants, such as organochlorines and heavy metals. In fact, it is also unknown whether and how these chemicals contribute towards modulating the pathogenic and pathogenetic activity primarily displayed by sea mammal morbilliviruses.
Descriptors: mammalia, literature review, morbillivirus infections in aquatic taxa, viral diseases, morbillivirus infections, transmission of viruses, morbilliviruses, aquatic taxa, brief overview.
Domingo, M. (1992). Morbillivirus nei delfini. [The morbillivirus in the dolphins]. Selezione Veterinaria 33(7): 657-658. ISSN: 0037-1521.
Descriptors: dolphins, viroses, morbillivirus, microbiological analysis, diagnosis, lesions, postmortem examination, veterinary services, biological analysis, Cetacea, histocytological analysis, mammals, paramyxoviridae, professional services, services, viruses.
Domingo, M., M. Vilafranca, J. Visa, N. Prats, A. Trudgett, and I. Visser (1995). Evidence for chronic morbillivirus infection in the Mediterranean striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba). Veterinary Microbiology 44(2-4): 229-239. ISSN: 0378-1135.
NAL Call Number: SF601.V44
Descriptors: dolphins, morbillivirus, Mediterranean Sea, Cetacea, mammals, marine areas, paramyxoviridae, viruses.
Language of Text: English summary.
Domingo, M. and J. Visa (1994). Epizootia por morbillivirus en el delfin listado (Stenella coeruleoalba) del mar Mediterraneo. [Epizooty of morbillivirus in the striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) of the Mediterranean sea]. Medicina Veterinaria 11(10): 538-555. ISSN: 0212-8292.
Abstract: En el verano de 1990 una enfermedad epizootica comenzo a afectar a los delfines listados (Stenella coeruleoalba) del mar Mediterraneo. La epizootia se inicio aparentemente en la ultima semana de julio frente a las costas de la Comunidad Valenciana y de Baleares, extendiendose hacia la primera semana de agosto a las costas catalanas, murcianas y andaluzas. El numero de delfines varados en la costa catalana desde agosto de 1990 hasta finales de 1992 fue de 163. Los estudios anatomopatologicos realizados sobre 70 delfines demostraron que un morbillivirus fue la causa primaria de la epizootia. Las lesiones macroscopicas y microscopicas se hallaron sobre todo en pulmon, sistema nervioso, organos linfoides. Mediante tecnicas de inmunocitoquimica con un anticuerpo monoclonal frente al virus del moquillo de la foca se demostro antigeno del morbillivirus asociado a las lesiones histologicas. El virus responsable fue aislado a partir de tejidos de delfines muertos en la epizootia. Los resultados obtenidos por diferentes laboratorios indican que se trata de un morbillivirus muy semejante al que afecto a marsopas en el ano 1988, y ligeramente diferente del que afecto a focas ese mismo ano. En este trabajo se discuten las diferentes hipotesis avanzadas para explicar la causa de la mortandad.
Descriptors: stenella, morbillivirus, viroses, epidemics, histopathology, lesions, postmortem examination, statistical analysis, Mediterranean Sea, biological analysis, Cetacea, dolphins, epidemiology, histocytological analysis, infectious diseases, mammals, marine areas, paramyxoviridae, pathology, viruses.
Language of Text: English and Japanese summaries.
Domingo, M. (2002). Immunocytochemical studies of morbillivirus infection in striped dolphins. In: C.J. Pfeiffer (Editor), Molecular and Cell Biology of Marine Mammals, Kreiger Publishing Company: Malabar, p. 173-177. ISBN: 1575240629.
Descriptors: Stenella coeruleoalba, viral diseases, dolphin morbillivirus, infection immunocytochemical study, Mediterranean Sea, Spain, Catalonia, viral disease infection immunocytochemical study.
Dubey, J.P., J.S. Eggers, and T.P. Lipscomb (2002). Intestinal coccidiosis in a spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris). Journal of Parasitology 88(3): 634-637. ISSN: 0022-3395.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 J824
Descriptors: stenella, coccidia, coccidiosis, new host records, small intestine, intestinal mucosa, lesions, histopathology, developmental stages, schizonts, merozoites, oocysts, Hawaii, gamonts, unsporulated oocysts.
Dubey, J.P., R. Zarnke, N.J. Thomas, S.K. Wong, W. Van Bonn, M. Briggs, J.W. Davis, R. Ewing, M. Mense, O.C.H. Kwok, S. Romand, and P. Thulliez (2003). Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Sarcocystis neurona, and Sarcocystis canis-like infections in marine mammals. Veterinary Parasitology 116(4): 275-296. ISSN: 0304-4017.
NAL Call Number: SF810.V4
Descriptors: Neospora caninum, Sarcocystis, Toxoplasma gondii, mammalian hosts, Carnivora and Cetacea, marine taxa, north Atlantic and north Pacific, USA, prevalence.
Duignan, P.J., J.R. Geraci, J.A. Raga, and N. Calzada (1992). Pathology of morbillivirus infection in striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) from Valencia and Murcia, Spain. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 56(3): 242-248. ISSN: 0830-9000.
NAL Call Number: SF601.C24
Descriptors: Stenella coeruleoalba, morbillivirus, pneumonia, brain, lesions, lungs, histopathology, Spain, syncytia.
Duignan, P.J., C. House, J.R. Geraci, N. Duffy, B.K. Rima, M.T. Walsh, G. Early, D.J. St. Aubin, S. Sadove, H. Koopman, and H. Rhinehart (1995). Morbillivirus infection in cetaceans of the western Atlantic. Veterinary Microbiology 44(2-4): 241-249. ISSN: 0378-1135.
NAL Call Number: SF601.V44
Descriptors: Cetacea, morbillivirus, immunoprecipitation tests, immunology, Western Atlantic, Atlantic Ocean, immunological techniques, mammals, marine areas, paramyxoviridae, viruses.
Language of Text: English summary.
Duignan, P.J., C. House, D.K. Odell, R.S. Wells, L.J. Hansen, M.T. Walsh, D.J. St. Aubin, B.K. Rima, and J.R. Geraci (1996). Morbillivirus infection in bottlenose dolphins: evidence for recurrent epizootics in the western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. Marine Mammal Science 12(4): 499-515.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: epidemiology, wild animals, viral diseases, Cetacea, Tursiops truncatus, morbillivirus, dolphins, Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, epizootics.
Durbin, E., G. Teegarden, R. Campbell, A. Cembella, M.F. Baumgartner, and B.R. Mate (2002). North Atlantic right whales, Eubalaena glacialis, exposed to paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins via a zooplankton vector, Calanus finmarchicus. Harmful Algae 1(3): 243-251. ISSN: 1568-9883.
Descriptors: aquatic plants, endangered species, feeding behavior, fish poisons, ingestion, neurotoxins, paralytic shellfish poisoning, phytoplankton, piscicidal plants, reproduction, respiration, toxicity, toxins, wild animals, zooplankton, algae, Cetacea, Dinophyta, plants, whales.
Estep, J.S., R.E. Baumgartner, F. Townsend, D.A. Pabst, W.A. McLellan, A. Friedlaender, D.G. Dunn, and T.P. Lipscomb (2005). Malignant seminoma with metastasis, Sertoli cell tumor, and pheochromocytoma in a spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis) and malignant seminoma with metastasis in a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Veterinary Pathology 42(3): 357-359. ISSN: 0300-9858.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 P27
Abstract: Seminoma with metastasis was diagnosed in a spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis) and an Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Sertoli cell tumor and pheochromocytoma were also diagnosed in the spotted dolphin. The spotted and bottlenose dolphins were adult males that stranded and died on the coasts of northwest Florida and southeast North Carolina, respectively. Neoplasia is infrequently reported in cetaceans. This is the first report of seminoma, Sertoli cell tumor, and pheochromocytoma in a dolphin, the first report of three distinct neoplasms in a dolphin, and one of the few reports of malignant neoplasia in dolphins.
Descriptors: dolphins, neoplasia, seminoma, metastasis, Florida, North Carolina, malignant, sertoli cell, tumor.
Ewalt, D.R., J.B. Payeur, B.M. Martin, D.R. Cummins, and W.G. Miller (1994). Characteristics of a Brucella species from a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 6(4): 448-452. ISSN: 1040-6387.
NAL Call Number: SF774.J68
Descriptors: Tursiops truncatus, brucella, brucellosis, abortion, fetus, characteristics, new species.
Ewing, R., J. Zaias, M.A. Stamper, G.D. Bossart, and J.P. Dubey (2002). Prevalence of Sarcocystis sp. in stranded Atlantic white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus acutus). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 38(2): 291-296. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: clinical aspects, disease prevalence, epidemiology, Lagenorhynchus, Sarcocystis.
Ewing, R.Y. and A.A. Mignucci Giannoni (2003). A poorly differentiated pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma in a free-ranging Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 15(2): 162-5. ISSN: 1040-6387.
NAL Call Number: SF774.J68
Abstract: A free-ranging, adult, female offshore bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) was found freshly dead in 1999 on Ocean Park Beach in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The left-lung and right-lung pleura had multiple white, firm-to-hard nodules with coagulative necrosis. Histologically, the neoplasms were characterized by multiple well-circumscribed, nonencapsulated expansile masses consisting mostly of polygonal cells with fewer circumferential flattened basaloid cells that compressed alveoli, bronchioles, and bronchi. Neoplastic cells stained positive for cytokeratin, with sporadic vimentin staining, and were negative for epithelial membrane antigen, thyroid transcription factor-1, calretinin, and human mesothelial cell antigen. A diagnosis of poorly differentiated pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma with lymph node and renal metastases was made on the basis of histomorphology and immunohistochemical staining. This is the first documentation of pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma in a dolphin.
Descriptors: carcinoma, squamous cell pathology, carcinoma, squamous cell, dolphins, lung neoplasms pathology, lung neoplasms, animals, wild, lung pathology.
Faulkner, J., L.N. Measures, and F.G. Whoriskey (1998). Stenurus minor (Metastrongyloidea: Pseudaliidae) infections of the cranial sinuses of the harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena. Canadian Journal of Zoology 76(7): 1209-1216. ISSN: 0008-4301.
NAL Call Number: 470 C16D
Descriptors: infections, sinuses, age differences, parasites, helminths, Phocoenidae, cranial sinuses, Stenurus.
Language of Text: French.
Fei, A.C.Y., D.S. Lin, T.M. Wu, P.H. Mar, and Y.M. Pong (2004). Endoparasites of cetaceans stranded along coasts of Taiwan and Penghu. Bioformosa 39(2): 49-53. ISSN: 1684-0925.
Abstract: We surveyed the parasites on 16 species of 205 dead whales and dolphins stranded along the coasts of Taiwan and Penghu. Eighty four specimens (41%) representing 15 species had endoparasitic infections. Helminthes included 2 genera of acanthocephalans, 3 genera of cestodes, 4 genera of nematodes, and 4 genera of trematodes. The worms were isolated from stomach, intestines, liver, fat tissue, or frontal sinus of the cetaceans. The highest infection rates were by nematodes, Anisakis sp., in 60 cetaceans (29.3%); followed by cestodes Phyllobothrium sp. in 14 (6.8%). Among the parasites, the nematodes Anisakis sp. and Pseudoterranova sp. (1.5%), and the acanthocephalans Bolbosoma sp. (2.9%) are important zoonoses. Anisakis sp., especially, are of public health importance because of the high rates of infection. The prevalence of Anisakis sp. larval infection among 10 species of sea-water fishes (10 fish in each species) was as high as 54%. This is the first record of endoparasite biodiversity among the diverse assemblage of cetaceans from Taiwan and Penghu.
Descriptors: Digenea, Cestoda, Nematoda, Acanthocephala, mammalian hosts, Cetacea, endoparasites of stranded hosts, north Pacific, Taiwan and Penghu Island, endoparasites of stranded mammalian hosts, survey.
Fernandez, M., C. Agusti, F.J. Aznar, and J.A. Raga (2003). Gastrointestinal helminths of Risso's dolphin Grampus griseus from the Western Mediterranean. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 55(1): 73-6. ISSN: 0177-5103.
Abstract: The gastrointestinal helminth fauna of 17 Risso's dolphins Grampus griseus (Cuvier, 1812) from the Western Mediterranean was analysed. Five helminth species were found. Adults and juveniles of Hadwenius delamurei were collected from the duodenum of 7 animals. Adults were located significantly more anteriorly than juveniles, which is compatible with a previous hypothesis that species of Hadwenius undergo an ontogenetic migration towards the anterior duodenum. Eggs from Pholeter gastrophilus appeared in 1 small cyst in the main stomach. Adults of Tetrabothrius forsteri and Trigonocotyle globicephalae were collected from the duodenum of 1 and 4 individuals, respectively. Metacestodes, Scolex pleuronectis, were found in the liver, pancreas, pyloric stomach and intestine of 13 individuals. The most favored locations were in the mucosa of the terminal colon and in anal crypts. It is likely that worms select these locations to reach the mesenteries and blubber of the anogenital area, where S. pleuronectis might become Monorygma and/or Phyllobothrium. Two individuals of Stenurus globicephalae occurred in the intestine of 1 individual, and were probably swallowed accidentally. The intestinal helminth communities of Risso's dolphin are depauperate. The parasite species found also occur in other oceanic cetaceans from the Western Mediterranean. However, H. delamurei and T. globicephalae are only shared with pilot whales Globicephala spp., which are phylogenetically closely related to Risso's dolphins.
Descriptors: dolphins parasitology, gastrointestinal diseases, helminthiasis, animal epidemiology, helminths isolation and purification, gastrointestinal diseases epidemiology, gastrointestinal diseases parasitology, gastrointestinal diseases pathology, helminthiasis, animal pathology, helminths classification, helminths growth and development, Mediterranean Sea, parasite egg count, Spain epidemiology.
Fernandez, M., F.J. Aznar, F.E. Montero, B.B. Georgiev, and J.A. Raga (2004). Gastrointestinal helminths of Cuvier's beaked whales, Ziphius cavirostris, from the western Mediterranean. Journal of Parasitology 90(2): 418-20. ISSN: 0022-3395.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 J824
Abstract: We examined the gastrointestinal helminth fauna of 2 Cuvier's beaked whales, Ziphius cavirostris, stranded on the Spanish Mediterranean coast. Information regarding intestinal parasites of this species is provided for the first time. Six helminth taxa were identified. Thirty type II larvae of the nematode Anisakis sp. were found in the stomach and the intestine of both hosts; 2 type I larvae of Anisakis sp. were found in the intestine of 1 host. One juvenile of the acanthocephalan Bolbosoma vasculosum was found in the intestine; the metacestode Scolex pleuronectis was found mainly in the terminal colon and the anal crypts of both hosts; adult cestodes of Tetrabothrius sp., which may represent a new species, were collected from the duodenum of 1 host. Composition of the intestinal parasitic community is similar to that of other oceanic cetaceans, which mostly include species of Bolbosoma and tetrabothriids (Cestoda).
Descriptors: helminthiasis, animal parasitology, intestinal diseases, parasitic, whales parasitology, acanthocephala classification, acanthocephala isolation and purification, anisakis classification, anisakis isolation and purification, cestoda anatomy and histology, cestoda classification, cestoda isolation and purification, intestinal diseases, parasitic parasitology, intestines parasitology, Mediterranean Sea, Spain, stomach parasitology.
Fernandez, M., B. Beron Vera, N.A. Garcia, J.A. Raga, and E.A. Crespo (2003). Food and parasites from two hourglass dolphins, Lagenorhynchus cruciger (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824), from Patagonian waters. Marine Mammal Science 19(4): 832-836. ISSN: 0824-0469.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: diets, parasites, prey, dolphins, Lagenorhynchus.
Flewelling, L.J., J.P. Naar, J.P. Abbott, D.G. Baden, N.B. Barros, G.D. Bossart, M.Y. Bottein, D.G. Hammond, E.M. Haubold, C.A. Heil, M.S. Henry, H.M. Jacocks, T.A. Leighfield, R.H. Pierce, T.D. Pitchford, S.A. Rommel, P.S. Scott, K.A. Steidinger, E.W. Truby, F.M. Van Dolah, and J.H. Landsberg (2005). Brevetoxicosis: red tides and marine mammal mortalities. Nature (London) 435(7043): 755-6. ISSN: 1476-4687.
NAL Call Number: 472 N21
Abstract: Potent marine neurotoxins known as brevetoxins are produced by the 'red tide' dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. They kill large numbers of fish and cause illness in humans who ingest toxic filter-feeding shellfish or inhale toxic aerosols. The toxins are also suspected of having been involved in events in which many manatees and dolphins died, but this has usually not been verified owing to limited confirmation of toxin exposure, unexplained intoxication mechanisms and complicating pathologies. Here we show that fish and seagrass can accumulate high concentrations of brevetoxins and that these have acted as toxin vectors during recent deaths of dolphins and manatees, respectively. Our results challenge claims that the deleterious effects of a brevetoxin on fish (ichthyotoxicity) preclude its accumulation in live fish, and they reveal a new vector mechanism for brevetoxin spread through food webs that poses a threat to upper trophic levels.
Descriptors: dinoflagellida chemistry, food chain, mammals metabolism, marine biology, marine toxins analysis, oxocins analysis, dolphins metabolism, fishes metabolism, gastrointestinal contents chemistry, trichechus metabolism.
Forbes, L.B. (2000). The occurrence and ecology of Trichinella in marine mammals. Veterinary Parasitology 93(3-4): 321-334. ISSN: 0304-4017.
NAL Call Number: SF810.V4
Descriptors: trichinella, host range, life cycle, marine mammals, Thalarctos maritimus, Odobenus rosmarus, seals, whales, trichinosis, disease prevalence, disease transmission, ecology, zoonoses, foodborne diseases, arctic regions, literature reviews, sylvatic cycle.
Notes: In the special issue: Trichinella and Trichinellosis edited by A.A. Gajadhar and H.R. Gamble.
Foster, G., B. Holmes, A.G. Steigerwalt, P.A. Lawson, P. Thorne, D.E. Byrer, H.M. Ross, J. Xerry, P.M. Thompson, and M.D. Collins (2004). Campylobacter insulaenigrae sp. nov., isolated from marine mammals. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54(6): 2369-73. ISSN: 1466-5026.
NAL Call Number: QR1.I577
Abstract: Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on four Campylobacter-like organisms recovered from three seals and a porpoise. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies demonstrated that the organisms represent a hitherto unknown subline within the genus Campylobacter, associated with a subcluster containing Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter lari. DNA-DNA hybridization studies confirmed that the bacteria belonged to a single species, for which the name Campylobacter insulaenigrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Campylobacter insulaenigrae sp. nov. is NCTC 12927(T) (=CCUG 48653(T)).
Descriptors: campylobacter classification, campylobacter isolation and purification, feces microbiology, phoca microbiology, porpoises microbiology, bacterial typing techniques, campylobacter genetics, campylobacter physiology, DNA fingerprinting, DNA, bacterial chemistry, bacterial isolation and purification, ribosomal chemistry, ribosomal isolation and purification, genes, RRNA genetics, molecular sequence data, nucleic acid hybridization, phylogeny, RNA, bacterial genetics, ribosomal, 16s genetics, sequence analysis.
Notes: Erratum In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2005 Mar;55 (Pt. 2):981.
Foster, G., K.L. Jahans, R.J. Reid, and H.M. Ross (1996). Isolation of Brucella species from cetaceans, seals and an otter. Veterinary Record 138(24): 583-586. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: Cetacea, phocidae, lutra, brucella, isolation, animal tissues, incidence, geographical distribution, culture media, carbon dioxide, Scotland, England, Lutra lutra.
Foster, G., A.P. MacMillan, J. Godfroid, F. Howie, H.M. Ross, A. Cloeckaert, R.J. Reid, S. Brew, and I.A.P. Patterson (2002). A review of Brucella sp. infection of sea mammals with particular emphasis on isolates from Scotland. Veterinary Microbiology 90(1-4): 563-580. ISSN: 0378-1135.
NAL Call Number: SF601.V44
Descriptors: aquatic animals, mammals, brucella, infections, strains, phenotypes, carbon dioxide, growth, culture media, metabolism, galactose, new species, descriptions, literature reviews, Scotland, brucella Cetaceae, Brucella Pinnipediae.
Notes: In the special issue: Brucellosis edited by S.M. Halling and S.M. Boyle.
Foster, G., I.A.P. Patterson, and D.S. Munro (1999). Monophasic group B Salmonella species infecting harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) inhabiting Scottish coastal waters. Veterinary Microbiology 65(3): 227-231. ISSN: 0378-1135.
NAL Call Number: SF601.V44
Descriptors: Phocoena, salmonella, infections, coastal areas, strains, antigens, lungs, intestines, heart, liver, kidneys, lymph nodes, urethra, epididymis, hosts, host range, Scotland.
Foster, G., H.M. Ross, H. Malnick, A. Willems, R.A. Hutson, R.J. Reid, and M.D. Collins (2000). Phocoenobacter uteri gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Pasteurellaceae Pohl (1979) 1981 isolated from a harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 50(1): 135-9. ISSN: 1466-5026.
NAL Call Number: QR1.I577
Abstract: Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from the uterus of a porpoise. Biochemical and physiological studies indicated that the bacterium was related to the family Pasteurellaceae. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies confirmed these findings and demonstrated that the bacterium represents a hitherto unknown subline within this family of organisms. Based on the results of the phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic criteria, it is proposed that the bacterium be assigned to a new genus, Phocoenobacter uteri gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Phocoenobacter uteri sp. nov. is NCTC 12872T.
Descriptors: gram negative bacterial infections, pasteurellaceae classification, porpoises microbiology, DNA, bacterial genetics, ribosomal genetics, genes, RRNA, gram negative bacterial infections microbiology, molecular sequence data, pasteurellaceae cytology, pasteurellaceae isolation and purification, pasteurellaceae physiology, phenotype, phylogeny, RNA, ribosomal, 16s genetics, sequence analysis.
Foster, G., H.M. Ross, R.D. Naylor, M.D. Collins, C.P. Ramos, F.F. Garayzabal, and R.J. Reid (1995). Cetobacterium ceti gen. nov., sp. nov., a new gram-negative obligate anaerobic from sea mammals. Letters in Applied Microbiology 21(3): 202-206.
NAL Call Number: QR1.L47
Descriptors: Cetacea, whales, aquatic mammals, taxonomy, animals, aquatic animals, aquatic organisms, Cetacea, mammals, phocoenidae, marine mammals, Cetobacterium ceti.
Foster, G., H.M. Ross, I.A.P. Patterson, R.A. Hutson, and M.D. Collins (1998). Actinobacillus scotiae sp. nov., a new member of the family Pasteurellaceae Pohl (1979) 1981 isolated from porpoises (Phocoena phocoena). International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 48(3-4): 929-933. ISSN: 0020-7713.
NAL Call Number: 448.3 IN8
Descriptors: new species, phenotypes, phylogenetics, phylogeny, nucleotide sequences, ribosomal RNA, characterization, bacterial diseases, Actinobacillus, Phocoena.
Fragoso, A.B.de L. and F.C. de Lima (1998). Escoliose congenita em boto-cinza na costa do Rio de Janeiro. [Congenital scoliosis on tucuxi dolphin from Rio de Janeiro state coast]. Revista Brasileira De Medicina Veterinaria 20(4): 174. ISSN: 0100-2430.
NAL Call Number: SF604.R38
Descriptors: dolphins, genetic disorders, Rio de Janeiro, America, Brazil, Cetacea, disorders, mammals, South America.
Language of Text: English summary.
Frasca Jr., S., J.L. Dunn, J.C. Cooke, and J.D. Buck (1996). Mycotic dermatitis in an Atlantic white-sided dolphin, a pygmy sperm whale, and two harbor seals. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 208(5): 727-729. ISSN: 0003-1488.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Am3
Descriptors: lagenorhynchus, Phoca vitulina, physeteridae, dermatitis, mycoses, fusarium, symptoms, treatment, case reports, Lagenorhynchus acutus, Kogia breviceps.
Frati, R., R. Forletta, G. Terracciano, G. Di Guardo, U. Agrimi, S. Marcon, and S. Kennedy (1996). Parassitosi nei mammiferi acquatici con particolare riferimento ai cetacei. [Parasitic diseases in sea mammals with special reference to cetaceans]. Obiettivi E Documenti Veterinari 17(1): 79-88. ISSN: 0392-1913.
Abstract: An overview of the main parasitic diseases in sea mammals, with special reference to cetaceans, is given here. Informations is also provided on the biological cycles of the concerned parasities. Furthermore, the results of parasitological investigations carried out on 28 necropsied cetaceans, which were found stranded off the Italian coasts between 1990 and 1994, are presented and discussed. ITALIANO: Il lavoro presenta una sintetica rassegna sulle principali parassitosi dei mammiferi acquatici, con particolare riferimento ai cetacei, illustrando, laddove disponibili, tutte le informazioni scientifiche esistenti in merito ai cicli biologici dei diversi parassiti. Vengono inoltre forniti e discussi i dati scaturiti dall'attivita' diagnostica effettuata, in tale ambito, su 28 cetacei rinvenuti spiaggiati, dal 1990 al 1994, sulle coste di 7 diverse regioni italiane.
Descriptors: Italy, Mediterranean sea, Cetacea, aquatic mammals, protozoal infections, trematoda, cestoda, nematode infections, pathology, diagnosis, pollutants, aquatic animals, aquatic organisms, Europe, helminthoses, marine areas, Mediterranean countries, parasitoses, platyhelminthes, Western Europe.
Language of Text: English and Italian summaries.
Gallego, J. and J.M. Selva (1979). Skrjabinalius guevarai n. sp. (Nematoda: Pseudaliidae), parasito pulmonar del delfin mular, Tursiops truncatus Montagu, 1821 (Cetacea: Delphinidae) en el Adriatico. [Skrjabinalius guevarai n. sp. (Nematoda: Pseudaliidae), lung parasite of bottle-nosed dolphin, Tursiops truncatus Montagu, 1821 (Cetacea: Delphinidae) in the Adriatic sea]. Revista Iberica De Parasitologia 39(1-4): 203-208. ISSN: 0034-9623.
NAL Call Number: 436.8 R32
Descriptors: lung parasite, bottlenose dolphin, Adriatic Sea, Spain, Nematoda, Cetacea, Tusiops truncatus.
Language of Text: English and Spanish summaries.
Garner, M.M., C. Shwetz, J.C. Ramer, J.M. Rasmussen, K. Petrini, D.F. Cowan, J.T. Raymond, G.D. Bossart, and G.A. Levine (2002). Congenital diffuse hyperplastic goiter associated with perinatal mortality in 11 captive-born bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 33(4): 350-355. ISSN: 1042-7260.
NAL Call Number: SF601.J6
Descriptors: aquaria, case reports, congenital abnormalities, diagnosis, goitre, morphology, thyroid gland, zoo animals, Tursiops truncatus.
Garner, M.M., C. Shwetz, J.C. Ramer, J.M. Rasmussen, K. Petrini, D.F. Cowan, and G.D. Bossart. (2001). Congenital diffuse hyperplastic goiter associated with perinatal mortality in seven captive-born bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). In: Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians American Association of Wildlife Veterinarians Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians National Association of Zoo and Wildlife Veterinarians Joint Conference, September 18, 2001-September 23, 2001, Orlando, Florida, American Association of Zoo Veterinarians: p. 104-106. 411 p.
NAL Call Number: SF605.A4
Descriptors: Tursiops truncatus, diseases and disorders, congenital diffuse hyperplastic goiter, perinatal mortality effects, mortality.
Gaskell, R. and K. Willoughby (1999). Herpesviruses of carnivores. Veterinary Microbiology 69(1-2): 73-88. ISSN: 0378-1135.
NAL Call Number: SF601.V44
Descriptors: carnivores, feline herpesvirus, canine herpesvirus, phocidae, herpesviridae, phylogenetics, wild animals, host range, cats, dogs, seals, shedding, disease transmission, latent infections, polymerase chain reaction, glycoproteins, molecular genetics, regulatory sequences, genes, literature reviews.
Notes: In the special issue: Virology of Carnivores edited by M.C. Horzinek, H.F. Egberink, and M. Ackermann. Meeting Information: Paper presented at a meeting held May 13-15, 1998, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Gaydos, J.K., K.C. Balcomb III, R.W. Osborne, and L. Dierauf (2004). Evaluating potential infectious disease threats for southern resident killer whales, Orcinus orca: a model for endangered species. Biological Conservation 117(3): 253-262. ISSN: 0006-3207.
NAL Call Number: S900.B5
Descriptors: Orcinus orca, endangered status, literature review, microbial diseases, literature survey and threat to population, north Pacific, North America, infectious diseases threat to population.
Geraci, J.R. (1981). Dietary disorders in marine mammals: synthesis and new findings. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 179(11): 1183-91. ISSN: 0003-1488.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Am3
Descriptors: deficiency diseases, dolphins, Pinnipedia, seals, earless, anemia, animal feed standards, ascorbic acid metabolism, ascorbic acid deficiency, fishes, poisonous, histamine poisoning, hyponatremia diagnosis, hyponatremia therapy, hyponatremia, lactose intolerance, thiamine deficiency prevention and control, thiamine deficiency, vitamin E deficiency diagnosis, vitamin E deficiency prevention and control, vitamin E deficiency.
Geraci, J.R., M.D. Dailey, and D.J. St. Aubin (1978). Parasitic mastitis in the Atlantic white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus acutus, as a probable factor in herd productivity. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 35(10): 1350-1355.
Descriptors: parasitic mastitis, Atlantic white sided dolphin, herd productivity, Lagenorhynchus acutus, factor.
Language of Text: French summary.
Geraci, J.R., B.D. Hicks, and D.J. St. Aubin (1979). Dolphin pox: a skin disease of cetaceans. Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine 43(4): 399-404.
Descriptors: dolphin, pox, skin disease, cetaceans.
Language of Text: French summary.
Gibson, D.I. and R.A. Bray (1997). Oschmarinella albamarina (Treshchev, 1968) n. comb., a liver fluke from the killer whale Orcinus orca (L.) off the British coast. Systematic Parasitology 36(1): 39-45. ISSN: 0165-5752.
NAL Call Number: QL757.A1S9
Descriptors: liver, marine mammals, new combination, taxonomy, nomenclature, synonyms, wild animals, parasites, helminths, Digenea, Campulidae, Cetacea.
Gibson, D.I., E.A. Harris, R.A. Bray, P.D. Jepson, T. Kuiken, T. Baker, and V.R. Simpson (1998). A survey of the helminth parasites of cetaceans stranded on the coast of England and Wales during the period 1990-1994. Journal of Zoology (London) 244(4): 563-574. ISSN: 0952-8369.
Descriptors: helminths, Cetacea, nematoda, anisakis, anisakidae, aschelminthes, mammals, nematoda, noxious animals, Phocoena Phocoena, Delphinus delphis, phocoenidae, delphinidae, Anisakis simplex, Pseudalius inflexus, Torynurus convolutus, Stenurus globicephalae, Stenurus minor, Halocercus delphini, Halocercus invaginatus, Halocercus lagenorhynchi, Halocercus taurica.
Girard, C., A. Lagace, R. Higgins, and P. Beland (1991). Adenocarcinoma of the salivary gland in a beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas). Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 3(3): 264-265. ISSN: 1040-6387.
NAL Call Number: SF774.J68
Descriptors: Delphinapterus leucas, adenoma, carcinoma, salivary glands, case reports, lungs, metastasis, histopathology.
Goldman, C.G., J.D. Loureiro, V. Quse, D. Corach, E. Calderon, R.A. Caro, J. Boccio, S.R. Heredia, M.B. Di Carlo, and M.B. Zubillaga (2002). Evidence of Helicobacter sp. in dental plaque of captive dolphins (Tursiops gephyreus). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 38(3): 644-648. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: Tursiops gephyreus, buccal region, bacterial diseases, helicobacter, prevalence in dental plaque, Argentina, San Clemente del Tuyu, Mundo Marino Oceanarium, bacteria prevalence in dental plaque, health implications.
Gomercic, H., D. Huber, V. Gomercic, D. Skrtic, A. Gomercic, and S. Vukovic (1998). Dolphin morbilliviral infection from the Mediterranean Sea did not spread into the Adriatic Sea. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 46(1): 127-134. ISSN: 0236-6290.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 AC83
Abstract: In July of 1990, a mass mortality of striped dolphins due to morbillivirus infection had begun in the western Mediterranean. By 1992, the infection had spread to the eastern Mediterranean and the Aegean Sea. Other dolphin species in the Mediterranean were not found to have died due to this infection, although it is possible for many species of marine mammals to be infected. In 1994, it was published that morbillivirus infection had caused Atlantic bottlenose dolphin mortality in the USA. Although striped dolphins are not residents of the Adriatic Sea, it was hypothesised that the infection could have spread from them to Adriatic bottlenose dolphins. From October 1990 through April 1997, 16 dolphin carcasses found along the Croatian Adriatic coast were examined. Tissues were examined by light microscopy for syncytia and inclusion bodies, histopathologic lesions characteristic of dolphin morbillivirus infection, and by detection of morbilliviral RNA by a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). No signs of morbillivirus infection were found in the examined animals. It was concluded that this infection had not spread to dolphins of the Adriatic Sea up until that date.
Descriptors: dolphins, Tursiops, morbillivirus, symptoms, tissue analysis, lesions, mortality, Mediterranean Sea, Adriatic Sea, Aegean Sea, Hungary, Cetacea, dolphins, Eastern Europe, Europe, mammals, marine areas, Mediterranean Sea, paramyxoviridae, viruses.
Language of Text: English summary.
Gomercic, H., D. Huber, V. Gomercic, S. Vukovic, D. Skrtic, T. Gomercic, V. Dobranic, H. Lucic, M. Uras, S. Curkovic, A. Gomercic, and L. Kardos (2000). Fatty liver and subcutaneous edema in a free-living bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus, Montagu 1821) from the Adriatic Sea; light- and electron-microscopical study. Veterinarski Arhiv 70(5): 259-277. ISSN: 0372-5480.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V6416
Descriptors: clinical aspects, fatty liver, oedema, skin, dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, elctron microscopical, study.
Language of Text: Croatian.
Gonzalez, L., I.A. Patterson, R.J. Reid, G. Foster, M. Barberan, J.M. Blasco, S. Kennedy, F.E. Howie, J. Godfroid, A.P. MacMillan, A. Schock, and D. Buxton (2002). Chronic meningoencephalitis associated with Brucella sp. infection in live-stranded striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba). Journal of Comparative Pathology 126(2-3): 147-152. ISSN: 0021-9975.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 J82
Descriptors: Stenella coeruleoalba, meningoencephalitis, chronic course, Brucella, infections, abnormal behavior, antibodies, serology, immunohistochemistry, antigens, Scotland.
Gotto, R.V. (1993). Commensal and Parasitic Copepods Associated With Marine Invertebrates (and Whales): Keys and Notes for the Identification of the Species, Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series), Universal Book Services/Dr. W. Backhuys: Oegstgeest, the Netherlands, 264 p. ISBN: 9073348153.
NAL Call Number: QL255.S9 no. 46
Descriptors: Copepoda, Great Britain, marine invertebrates, whales, species identification.
Notes: Published for the Linnean Society of London and the Estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association.
Guardo, G.di, U. Agrimi, D. Amaddeo, M. McAliskey, and S. Kennedy (1992). Morbillivirus infection in a striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) from the coast of Italy. Veterinary Record 130(26): 579-580.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: stenella, viroses, mortality, morbillivirus, Italy, Cetacea, dolphins, Europe, infectious diseases, mammals, Mediterranean countries, paramyxoviridae, viruses, Western Europe.
Guardo, G.di, U. Agrimi, S. Kennedy, G. Cardeti, G. Terracciano, A. Ubaldi, and R. Frati (1997). Patologia dei cetacei: infezioni morbillivirali. [Pathology of cetaceans: Morbillivirus infections]. Veterinaria Italiana 33(24-25): 49-53. ISSN: 0505-401X.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 C87
Descriptors: pathology, Morbillivirus, Stenella coeruleoalba, Balaenopteridae, Delphinidae, Odontoceti.
Guibourge, E., J.P. Frodello, N. Terris, F. d'Oriano, and D. Viale (1996). Les baleines ont-elles la rougeole? ["Measles"of whales]. Recherche (283): 34-35. ISSN: 0029-5671.
Descriptors: whales, animal diseases, viroses, Corsica, Mediterranean Sea, Cetacea, Europe, France, infectious diseases, mammals, marine areas, Mediterranean countries, Western Europe.
Haas, L. and T. Barrett (1996). Rinderpest and other animal morbillivirus infections: comparative aspects and recent developments. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B 43(7): 411-420. ISSN: 0931-1793.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Z52
Descriptors: cattle, sheep, goats, carnivora, seals, dolphins, morbillivirus, distemper virus, rinderpest, epidemiology, immunological techniques, bovidae, bovinae, caprinae, carnivora, Cetacea, domestic animals, infectious diseases, livestock, mammals, morbillivirus, paramyxoviridae, Pinnipedia, ruminants, useful animals, viroses, viruses, b, d, f, k, h, 3300, polymerasekettenreaktion.
Language of Text: English summary.
Hall, A.J. (1995). Morbilliviruses in marine mammals. Trends in Microbiology 3(1): 4-9.
NAL Call Number: QR1.T74
Descriptors: aquatic animals, mammals, aquatic mammals, dolphins, seals, epidemiology, diagnosis, antigens, antibodies, disease transmission, distemper virus, morbillivirus, animals, aquatic animals, aquatic organisms, carnivora, Cetacea, immunological factors, mammals, morbillivirus, paramyxoviridae, pathogenesis, Pinnipedia, viruses, marine mammals, phocine distemper virus.
Hammill, M.O., V. Lesage, and M.C. Kingsley (2003). Cancer in beluga from the St. Lawrence estuary. Environmental Health Perspectives 111(2): A77-8; Author Reply A78. ISSN: 0091-6765.
Abstract: Martineau et al. (2002) reported that St. Lawrence beluga (SLB) have high cancer rates. Unfortunately, errors in their interpretation of the data have led them to overstate the importance of cancer and its links to environmental sources.
Descriptors: models, theoretical, neoplasms epidemiology, neoplasms, whales, animal husbandry, incidence, mortality, population dynamics, reproducibility of results, seasons, water pollutants adverse effects.
Notes: Comment On: Environmental Health Perspectives, 2002 Mar;110(3):285-92.
Haney, T.A., A.O. de Almeida, and M.S.S. Reis (2004). A new species of cyamid (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from a stranded cetacean in southern Bahia, Brazil. Bulletin of Marine Science 75(3): 409-421. ISSN: 0007-4977.
Abstract: The family Cyamidae comprises 28 species of parasitic crustaceans, all of which live exclusively on the skin of cetaceans. On 17 October 2000, a dead male of the short-finned pilot whale, Globicephala macrorhynchus Gray, 1846, was found stranded in coastal waters of the municipality of Ilheus, Bahia, Brazil. Two cyamid species were found attached to the pilot whale's epidermis. These whale-lice were collected and identified as Isocyamus delphinii Guerin-Meneville, 1836, and a new species of Syncyamus. This is the first record of these cyamid genera from the South American coast, and Syncyamus is recorded for the first time from a pilot whale. This record represents the third report of coexistence between Isocyamus and Syncyamus. This new species is erected on the basis of its external morphology and named Syncyamus ilheusensis. A list of new and previously published records of the genus Syncyamus is also presented.
Descriptors: Isocyamus delphinii, associations, syncyamus, mammalian hosts, Globicephala macrorhynchus, south Atlantic, Brazil, Bahia, new record in association with syncyamus, mammalian host.
Harder, R. (1994). Robben, Wale und feline Viren. [Seals, whales and feline viruses]. Kleintierpraxis 39(10): 707. ISSN: 0023-2076.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 K67
Descriptors: seals, whales, herpetoviridae, morbillivirus, distemper virus, cats, research, caliciviridae, epidemiology, carnivora, Cetacea, felidae, mammals, morbillivirus, paramyxoviridae, Pinnipedia, viruses.
Harder, T.C. (1994). Virus de focas, ballenas y felinos. [Seals, whales, and feline viruses]. Medicina Veterinaria 11(10): 576. ISSN: 0212-8292.
Descriptors: whales, seals, felidae, animal viruses, viroses, epidemiology, carnivora, Cetacea, infectious diseases, mammals, Pinnipedia.
Harder, T.C. (1994). Virus de phoque, de dauphin et de chat. [Seals, dolphins and feline viruses]. Annales De Medecine Veterinaire 138(1): 65. ISSN: 0003-4118.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 AN78
Descriptors: seals, dolphins, cats, dogs, morbillivirus, caliciviridae, viroses, animal viruses, symptoms, immunological techniques, canidae, carnivora, Cetacea, felidae, infectious diseases, mammals, paramyxoviridae, Pinnipedia, viruses.
Harms, C.A., R. Lo Piccolo, D.S. Rotstein, and A.A. Hohn (2004). Struvite penile urethrolithiasis in a pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 40(3): 588-593. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Abstract: Massive urolithiasis of the penile urethra was observed in an adult pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps) stranded on Topsail Island, North Carolina, USA. Calculi occupied the urethra from just distal to the sigmoid flexure to the tip of the penis for a length of 43 cm. A urethral diverticulum was present proximal to the calculi. The major portion of the multinodular urolith weighed 208 g and was 16 cm long x 3.7 cm diameter at the widest point. The urolith was composed of 100% struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) and on culture yielded Klebsiella, oxytoca, a urease-positive Bacterium occasionally associated with struvite urolith formation in domestic animals. Reaction to the calculi was characterized histologically by moderate multifocal to coalescing plasmacytic balanitis and penile urethritis. Role of the urethrolithiasis in the whale's stranding is speculative but could have involved pain or metabolic perturbations such as uremia or hyperammonemia.
Descriptors: Kogia breviceps, penis, diseases and disorders, north Atlantic, USA, North Carolina, Topsail Island, struvite penile urethrolithiasis, case report.
Harper, C.G., Y. Feng, S. Xu, N.S. Taylor, M. Kinsel, F.E. Dewhirst, B.J. Paster, M. Greenwell, G. Levine, A. Rogers, and J.G. Fox (2002). Helicobacter cetorum sp. nov., a urease-positive Helicobacter species isolated from dolphins and whales. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 40(12): 4536-4543. ISSN: 0095-1137.
NAL Call Number: QR46.J6
Descriptors: antibacterial agents, catalase, cefalotin, drug resistance, faeces, forestomach, nalidixic acid, new species, oesophagus, stomach, ulcers, urease, Delphinapterus leucas, Helicobacter, Lagenorhynchus, Tursiops truncatus.
Harper, C.G., M.T. Whary, Y. Feng, H.L. Rhinehart, R.S. Wells, S. Xu, N.S. Taylor, and J.G. Fox (2003). Comparison of diagnostic techniques for Helicobacter cetorum infection in wild Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Journal of Clinical Microbiology 41(7): 2842-8. ISSN: 0095-1137.
NAL Call Number: QR46.J6
Abstract: Helicobacter cetorum sp. nov. has been cultured from the stomach of Atlantic white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus acutus) and the feces of Pacific white-sided (L. obliquidens) and Atlantic bottlenose (Tursiops truncatus) dolphins and a beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas). H. cetorum has high homology to Helicobacter pylori as shown by 16S rRNA sequencing, and H. cetorum infection has been associated with gastritis and clinical signs in cetaceans. Because the prevalence of H. cetorum in wild populations is unknown, minimally invasive techniques for detecting H. cetorum were compared for 20 wild bottlenose dolphins sampled as part of a long-term health study. Fecal samples were tested for helicobacter by culture, Southern blotting, and PCR using genus-specific and H. cetorum-specific primers. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to measure H. cetorum immunoglobulin G (IgG). H. cetorum was cultured from 4 of 20 fecal samples, 7 samples were positive using Helicobacter sp. PCR, and 8 samples were positive for H. cetorum using species-specific primers. Two additional fecal samples were positive by Helicobacter sp. Southern blotting, suggesting infection with another helicobacter. All 20 sera contained high levels of IgG antibodies to H. cetorum that were significantly lowered by preabsorption of the sera with whole-cell suspensions of H. cetorum (P < 0.02). Until the specificity of the serum ELISA can be determined by testing sera from dolphins confirmed to be uninfected, PCR and Southern blot screenings of feces are the most sensitive techniques for detection of H. cetorum, and results indicate there is at least a 50% prevalence of H. cetorum infection in these dolphins.
Descriptors: animals, wild microbiology, dolphins microbiology, helicobacter classification, helicobacter infections, antibodies, bacterial blood, blotting, southern, culture media, DNA primers, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, feces microbiology, helicobacter genetics, helicobacter immunology, helicobacter isolation and purification, helicobacter infections diagnosis, helicobacter infections microbiology, polymerase chain reaction, sensitivity and specificity, species specificity.
Harper, C.M., C.A. Dangler, S. Xu, Y. Feng, Z. Shen, B. Sheppard, A. Stamper, F.E. Dewhirst, B.J. Paster, and J.G. Fox (2000). Isolation and characterization of a Helicobacter sp. from the gastric mucosa of dolphins, Lagenorhynchus acutus and Delphinus delphis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66(11): 4751-7. ISSN: 0099-2240.
NAL Call Number: 448.3 AP5
Abstract: Gastric ulcerations in dolphins have been reported for decades. Some of these lesions were associated with parasitic infections. However, cases of nonparasitic gastric ulcers with no clearly defined etiology also have been reported in wild and captive dolphins. Considerable speculation exists as to whether dolphins have Helicobacter-associated gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. The stomachs of seven stranded Atlantic white-sided dolphins, Lagenorhynchus acutus, and 1 common dolphin, Delphinus delphis, were assessed for the presence of Helicobacter species. Novel Helicobacter species were identified by culture in the gastric mucosa of two of the eight dolphins studied and by PCR in seven of the eight dolphins. The gram-negative organisms were urease, catalase, and oxidase positive. Spiral to fusiform bacteria were detected in gastric mucosa by Warthin Starry staining. Histopathology revealed mild to moderate diffuse lymphoplasmacytic gastritis within the superficial mucosa of the main stomach. The pyloric stomach was less inflamed, and bacteria did not extend deep into the glands. The lesions parallel those observed in Helicobacter pylori-infected humans. Bacteria from two dolphins classified by 16S rRNA analysis clustered with gastric helicobacters and represent a novel Helicobacter sp. most closely related to H. pylori. These findings suggest that a novel Helicobacter sp. may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of gastritis and gastric ulcers in dolphins. To our knowledge this represents the first isolation and characterization of a novel Helicobacter sp. from a marine mammal and emphasizes the wide host distribution and pathogenic potential of this increasingly important genus.
Descriptors: dolphins microbiology, gastric mucosa microbiology, helicobacter classification, helicobacter isolation and purification, helicobacter infections, DNA, ribosomal analysis, DNA, ribosomal genetics, gastric mucosa pathology, gastritis microbiology, gastritis pathology, gastritis, helicobacter genetics, helicobacter ultrastructure, helicobacter infections microbiology, helicobacter infections pathology, phylogeny, polymerase chain reaction methods, polymorphism, restriction fragment length, rna, ribosomal, 16s genetics, sequence analysis, DNA, stomach ulcer microbiology, stomach ulcer pathology, stomach ulcer.
Harper, C.M., S. Xu, Y. Feng, J.L. Dunn, N.S. Taylor, F.E. Dewhirst, and J.G. Fox (2002). Identification of novel Helicobacter spp. from a beluga whale. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68(4): 2040-3. ISSN: 0099-2240.
NAL Call Number: 448.3 AP5
Abstract: The gastric fluid and feces of three belugas from the Mystic Aquarium were assessed for the presence of Helicobacter spp. Gastric fluid and feces from the two clinically healthy belugas were negative for helicobacter, and endoscopy performed on these animals revealed no lesions. However, a helicobacter isolate and PCR product similar to helicobacter strains previously recovered from dolphins were identified, respectively, from the feces and gastric fluid of a beluga manifesting intermittent inappetence and lethargy. Esophageal and forestomach ulcers were noted on endoscopy. This is the first report of novel Helicobacter spp. being identified from whales.
Descriptors: helicobacter classification, helicobacter genetics, helicobacter infections, whales microbiology, DNA, ribosomal analysis, esophagus pathology, feces microbiology, gastric mucosa, helicobacter isolation and purification, helicobacter infections microbiology, molecular sequence data, polymerase chain reaction, polymorphism, restriction fragment length, rna, ribosomal, 16s genetics, sequence analysis, DNA, stomach ulcer.
Harper, C.G., M.T. Whary, Y. Feng, H.L. Rhinehart, R.S. Wells, S. Xu, N.S. Taylor, and J.G. Fox (2003). Comparison of diagnostic techniques for Heliocobacter cetorum infection in wild Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Journal of Clinical Microbiology 41(7): 2842-2848. ISSN: 0095-1137.
NAL Call Number: QR46.J6
Descriptors: Tursiops truncatus, diagnostic techniques, bacterial diseases, Heliocobacter cetorum, comparison of diagnostic techniques.
Hatsushika, R., J. Maejima, and H. Kamo (1981). Experimental studies on the development of Diphyllobothrium macroovatum Jurachno, 1973 from the minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata. II. Experimental infection of the coracidia to marine copepods. Japanese Journal of Parasitology 30(5): 417-427. ISSN: 0021-5171.
NAL Call Number: 436.8 J27
Abstract: Diphyllobothrium macroovatum, development in Acartia clausi (exper.).
Descriptors: Development, Cestoda, Diphyllobothrium macroovatum, Acartia clausi.
Hatsushika, R., J. Maejima, and H. Kamo (1981). Experimental studies on the development of Diphyllobothrium macroovatum Jurakhno, 1973 from the minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata. I. Embryonation and hatching of the eggs. Japanese Journal of Parasitology 30(3): 205-213. ISSN: 0021-5171.
NAL Call Number: 436.8 J27
Abstract: Diphyllobothrium macroovatum, embryonic development and hatching of eggs.
Descriptors: embryology, hatching, development, Cestoda, Diphyllobothrium macroovatum, Balaenoptera acutorostrata.
Hatsushika, R. and H. Shirouzu (1990). A new species of marine tapeworm, Diphyllobothrium orcini n. sp. (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) found from killer whale, Orcinus orca (Linnaeus, 1758) in Japan. Japanese Journal of Parasitology 39(6): 566-573. ISSN: 0021-5171.
NAL Call Number: 436.8 J27
Descriptors: Diphyllobothrium orcini, mammalian hosts, Orcinus orca, new species, west Pacific, Japan, Kii Peninsula, new species from mammalian host.
Haubold, E.M., J.F. Aronson, D.F. Cowan, M.R. McGinnis, and C.R. Cooper Jr. (1998). Isolation of fungal rDNA from bottlenose dolphin skin infected with Loboa loboi. Medical Mycology 36(5): 263-267.
NAL Call Number: RC117.A1J68
Descriptors: fungi, pathogenesis, skin, DNA, nucleotide sequence, mycoses, PCR, dolphins, genetics, Loboa loboi, infections, lobomycosis, polymerase chain reaction.
Haubold, E.M., C.R. Cooper Jr., J.W. Wen, M.R. McGinnis, and D.F. Cowan (2000). Comparative morphology of Lacazia loboi (syn. Loboa loboi) in dolphins and humans. Medical Mycology 38(1): 9-14. ISSN: 1369-3786.
NAL Call Number: RC117.A1J68
Abstract: Lacazia loboi (syn. Loboa loboi), the etiological agent of lobomycosis, was compared in human and dolphin tissue using light and electron microscopy, and computer-assisted morphometrics. The histological features of the lesions were similar; however, preliminary electron microscopy data indicates that cell wall destruction may vary in the two hosts. Calcofluor stained tissue sections of human and dolphin tissue were examined with UV light microscopy and the images digitized. Measurements of area, minimum and maximum diameters, and perimeter were made. Student's t-test (alpha = 0.01) revealed that L. loboi cells infecting dolphin tissue were significantly smaller than those infecting human tissue. This study represents the first comparative analysis of the morphology of the etiological agent of this disease in its two known natural hosts. The data indicate that the organism may not be identical in the two hosts.
Descriptors: dolphins microbiology, paracoccidioides ultrastructure, paracoccidioidomycosis microbiology, microscopy, electron, paracoccidioidomycosis.
Haubold, E.M., M.R. McGinnis, C.R. Cooper Jr. and D.F. Cowan (2002). Molecular identification of the infective agent of Lobo's disease of dolphins. In: C.J. Pfeiffer (Editor), Molecular and Cell Biology of Marine Mammals, Kreiger Publishing Company: Malabar, p. 186-192. ISBN: 1575240629.
Descriptors: Tursiops truncatus, fungal diseases, lobo's disease, molecular identification of infective agent.
Hays, R., L.N. Measures, and J. Huot (1998). Capelin (Mallotus villosus) and herring (Clupea harengus) as paratenic hosts of Anisakis simplex, a parasite of beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) in the St. Lawrence estuary. Canadian Journal of Zoology 76(8): 1411-1417. ISSN: 0008-4301.
NAL Call Number: 470 C16D
Descriptors: marine fishes, nematode larvae, estuaries, disease prevalence, epidemiology, life history, marine mammals, morphology, intermediate hosts, paratenic hosts, parasites, helminths, Mallotus villosus, herrings, fishes, Anisakis simplex, Euphausiidae, Crustacea, whales, Cetacea, Delphinapterus leucas.
Language of Text: French.
Heidel, J.R. and T.F. Albert (1994). Intestinal volvulus in a bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 30(1): 126-8. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Abstract: An adult female bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus, from the Beaufort Sea, Alaska (USA), had necrosis of a well-demarcated portion of the mid-jejunum and adjacent mesentery, accompanied by fibrinous peritonitis. The veins within the mesentery adjacent to the affected intestine were severely dilated and hyperemic. There were no perforations of the gastrointestinal tract, nor any thromboses within the mesenteric veins. Death appeared due to the sequelae of intestinal volvulus and infarction; reduction of the displacement presumably occurred during handling of the animal.
Descriptors: intestinal obstruction, jejunal diseases, whales, intestinal obstruction complications, intestinal obstruction pathology, ischemia etiology, ischemia, jejunal diseases complications, jejunal diseases pathology, jejunum blood supply, jejunum pathology, mesentery pathology, necrosis.
Henk, W.G. and D.L. Mullan (1996). Common epidermal lesions of the bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus. Scanning Microscopy 10(3): 905-15; Discussion 915-6. ISSN: 0891-7035.
NAL Call Number: QH212.S3S33
Abstract: Samples of common skin abnormalities from 23 subsistence-harvested bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) were examined. Most lesions fell into three broad classes: shallow lacerations, circular depressions, and epidermal sloughing. Both circular depression lesions and epidermal sloughing lesions may be divided into more than one subgroup based on morphological criteria. Examination of each of the subgroups using light and scanning electron microscopy suggests relationships among the subgroups of a class. These proposed relationships are discussed, as are some possible etiologies. Scanning electron microscopy reveals abundant bacteria and diatoms present in association with each lesion class but no evidence of a particular association characteristic of a lesion class. The microflora were especially abundant wherever the stratum spinosum was exposed at the skin surface.
Descriptors: skin pathology, whales anatomy and histology, bacteria isolation and purification, skin microbiology, skin ultrastructure.
Herreras, M.V., S.E. Kaarstad, J.A. Balbuena, C.C. Kinze, and J.A. Raga (1997). Helminth parasites of the digestive tract of the harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena in Danish waters: a comparative geographical analysis. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 28(3): 163-167. ISSN: 0177-5103.
Descriptors: digestive tract, disease prevalence, epidemiology, community ecology, host specificity, helminths, parasites, trematoda, Phocoena, Phocoenidae, Anisakis simplex, Hysterothylacium aduncum, Bolbosoma, Diphyllobothrium.
Hicks, C.L., R. Kinoshita, and P.W. Ladds (2000). Pathology of melioidosis in captive marine mammals. Australian Veterinary Journal 78(3): 193-5. ISSN: 0005-0423.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Au72
Descriptors: dolphins, melioidosis, seals, earless, Burkholderia pseudomallei isolation and purification, death, sudden, Japan epidemiology, liver microbiology, liver pathology, lung pathology, melioidosis mortality, melioidosis pathology, spleen pathology, Taiwan epidemiology.
Hildebrand, M. (1987). Der chemische Zusammensetzung von Vaginalsteinen beim Delphin, Delphinus delphis. [The chemical composition of vaginal stones in the dolphin Delphinus delphis]. Hannover. 99 p.
NAL Call Number: 41.2 H198 1987 [no. 163]
Descriptors: dolphin, vaginal stones, chemical composition, Delphinus delphis.
Language of Text: English and French summaries.
Notes: Thesis (doctoral)--Tierarztliche Hochschule Hannover, 1987.
Holmes, R.W. and S. Nagasawa (1995). Bennettella constricta (NEMOTO) Holmes and Bennettalla berardii sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae: Chrysophyta) as observed on the skin of several cetacean species. Bulletin of the National Science Museum. Series B. Botany 21(1): 29-43. ISSN: 0385-2431.
NAL Call Number: QK1.K6
Descriptors: bacillariophyta, types, whales, geographical distribution, new species, nomenclature, plant morphology, synonyms, taxonomy, South Africa.
Hoorens, J.K., H. Thoonen, L. Devriese, A. Lescrauwaet, and L. Hoste (1988). Septicemische vlekziekte bij een dolfijn. [Erysipelothrix septicemia in a dolphin]. Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 57(1): 62-64. ISSN: 0303-9021.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V84
Descriptors: dolphins, septicaemia, erysipelothrix, zoos, postmortem examination, animal collections, aquatic animals, aquatic mammals, aquatic organisms, bacteria, Cetacea, collections, diagnosis, disease transmission, epidemiology, infection, ISSCAAP group b 63, ISSCAAP groups of species.
Language of Text: English and Dutch summaries.
Houde, M., L.N. Measures, and J. Huot (2003). Experimental transmission of Pharurus pallasii (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea), a lungworm of the cranial sinuses of the beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas), to fish. Canadian Journal of Zoology 81(3): 364-370. ISSN: 0008-4301.
NAL Call Number: 470 C16D
Descriptors: intermediate hosts, lungworms, morphology, nematode larvae, parasitoses, Delphinapterus leucas, Hippoglossoides, Metastrongylidae, Myoxocephalus, Nematoda.
Language of Text: French.
Houde, M., L.N. Measures, and J. Huot (2003). Lungworm (Pharurus pallasii: Metastrongyloidea: Pseudaliidae) infection in the endangered St. Lawrence beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas). Canadian Journal of Zoology 81(3): 543-551. ISSN: 0008-4301.
NAL Call Number: 470 C16D
Descriptors: parasitology, fecundity, infection intensity, lungworm, beluga whale, adult, juveniles, sinuses.
Howard, E.B., J.O. Britt Jr. and G. Matsumoto (1983). Parasitic diseases. In: Edwin B. Howard (Editor), Pathobiology of Marine Mammal Diseases, CRC Press: Boca Raton, Fla, p. 119-232.
NAL Call Number: SF997.5.M35P37
Abstract: Pathobiology of parasitic diseases of marine mammals (primarily common dolphin, sea lion, harbor seal, and elephant seal), generalized life cycles of helminths, illustrations, extensive review.
Descriptors: pathology, life cycle, Trematoda, Cestoda, Nematoda, Acanthocephala, Protozoa , lice, Arthropoda, mites.
Hoyles, L., P.A. Lawson, G. Foster, E. Falsen, M. Ohlen, J.M. Grainger, and M.D. Collins (2000). Vagococcus fessus sp. nov., isolated from a seal and a harbour porpoise. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 50(3): 1151-4. ISSN: 1466-5026.
NAL Call Number: QR1.I577
Abstract: A polyphasic taxonomic study was performed on two strains of an unknown Gram-positive, catalase-negative, coccus-shaped bacterium isolated from a dead seal and a harbour porpoise. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing demonstrated that the unknown bacterium represents a new subline within the genus Vagococcus close to, but distinct from, Vagococcus fluvialis, Vagococcus lutrae and Vagococcus salmoninarum. The unknown bacterium was readily distinguished from the three currently recognized Vagococcus species by biochemical tests and electrophoretic analysis of whole-cell proteins. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium be classified as a new species, Vagococcus fessus. The type strain of Vagococcus fessus is CCUG 41755T.
Descriptors: gram positive cocci classification, porpoises microbiology, seals, earless microbiology, catalase metabolism, genes, rrna, gram positive cocci genetics, gram positive cocci isolation and purification, molecular sequence data, phenotype, phylogeny, rna, ribosomal, 16s genetics, sequence analysis, dna.
Hoyles, L., C. Pascual, E. Falsen, G. Foster, J.M. Grainger, and M.D. Collins (2001). Actinomyces marimammalium sp. nov., from marine mammals. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 51(1): 151-6. ISSN: 1466-5026.
NAL Call Number: QR1.I577
Abstract: Three strains of a previously undescribed Actinomyces-like bacterium were isolated from samples taken from two dead seals and a porpoise. Biochemical testing and PAGE analysis of whole-cell proteins indicated the strains were phenotypically similar to each other but different from previously described Actinomyces and Arcanobacterium species. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed the organisms from marine animals were genetically closely related and represent a hitherto unknown subline within the genus Actinomyces (sequence divergence values > 6% with recognized species). Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence it is proposed that the unknown bacterium from the seals and a porpoise should be classified as Actinomyces marimammalium sp. nov. The type strain is CCUG 41710T.
Descriptors: actinomyces classification, actinomycosis, porpoises microbiology, seals, earless microbiology, actinomyces chemistry, actinomyces genetics, actinomyces isolation and purification, actinomycosis microbiology, bacterial proteins analysis, bacterial typing techniques, DNA, bacterial chemistry, bacterial genetics, genes, rrna, molecular sequence data, phylogeny, rna, ribosomal, 16s genetics, sequence analysis.
Ito, T., Y. Kawaoka, A. Nomura, and K. Otsuki (1999). Receptor specificity of influenza A viruses from sea mammals correlates with lung sialyloligosaccharides in these animals. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science 61(8): 955-958. ISSN: 0916-7250.
NAL Call Number: SF604.J342
Descriptors: whales, seals, influenzavirus, lungs, oligosaccharides, hemagglutination tests, agglutination tests, body parts, carbohydrates, carnivora, Cetacea, immunological techniques, mammals, orthomyxoviridae, Pinnipedia, respiratory system, viruses.
Language of Text: English summary.
Jaber, J.R., J. Perez, M. Arbelo, P. Herraez, A. Espinosa de los Monteros, F. Rodnguez, T. Fernandez, and A. Fernandez (2003). Immunophenotypic characterization of hepatic inflammatory cell infiltrates in common dolphins (Delphinus delphis). Journal of Comparative Pathology 129(2-3): 226-30. ISSN: 0021-9975.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 J82
Abstract: Of 14 common dolphins, 12 showed non-specific reactive hepatitis and three chronic parasitic cholangitis with lymphoid proliferation. Non-specific reactive hepatitis was shown immunohistochemically to be associated with small clusters of CD3(+) cells in portal areas and hepatic sinusoids. Polyclonal antibody against S100 protein reacted with a variable number of lymphocytes from portal areas and hepatic sinusoids, as well as with Kupffer cells and epithelial cells of the bile ducts. The majority of plasma cells observed in portal areas and hepatic sinusoids were IgG(+). In lymphonodular lesions of chronic parasitic cholangitis, the distribution of immunoreactive cells was similar to that found in the cortex of lymph nodes. The presence of stellate cells similar to follicular dendritic and interdigitating cells expressing S-100 protein and MHC class II antigen in lymphonodular lesions suggested that these were highly organized structures developed to enhance antigen presentation to B and T cells.
Descriptors: cholangitis, dolphins, hepatitis, animal pathology, liver pathology, parasitic diseases, animal pathology, antigens, cd3 analysis, cell count, cholangitis immunology, cholangitis pathology, hepatitis, animal immunology, histocompatibility antigens class ii analysis, immunoenzyme techniques, immunophenotyping, parasitic diseases, animal immunology, s100 proteins analysis.
Jaber, J.R., J. Perez, M. Carballo, M. Arbelo, A. Espinosa de los Monteros, P. Herraez, J. Munoz, M. Andrada, F. Rodriguez, and A. Fernandez (2005). Hepatosplenic large cell immunoblastic lymphoma in a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) with high levels of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners. Journal of Comparative Pathology 132(2-3): 242-247. ISSN: 0021-9975.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 J82
Descriptors: congeners, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, lymphatic diseases, lymphoma, mitosis, neoplasms, organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic hydrocarbons, Delphinidae, Tursiops truncatus, bottlenose dolphin.
Jardine, J.E. and J.P. Dubey (2002). Congenital toxoplasmosis in a Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus). Journal of Parasitology 88(1): 197-9. ISSN: 0022-3395.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 J824
Abstract: Toxoplasma gondii was identified in tissues of a stillborn late-term fetus from an Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus). Myocardial necrosis and nonsuppurative inflammation in the heart and nonsuppurative necrotizing encephalitis were associated with tachyzoites and tissue cysts. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining with anti-T. gondii-specific polyclonal rabbit serum.
Descriptors: disease transmission, vertical, dolphins parasitology, fetus parasitology, toxoplasma isolation and purification, toxoplasmosis, animal congenital, Australia, brain parasitology, fetal heart parasitology, toxoplasmosis, animal parasitology.
Jauniaux, T., G. Charlier, M. Desmecht, and F. Coignoul (1998). Lesions of morbillivirus infection in a fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) stranded along the Belgian coast. Veterinary Record 143(15): 423-424. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: Balaenopteridae, morbillivirus, lesions, histopathology, case reports, Belgium, fin whale.
Jauniaux, T., G. Charlier, M. Desmecht, J. Haelters, T. Jacques, B. Losson, J. Van Gompel, J. Tavernier, and F. Coignoul (2000). Pathological findings in two fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) with evidence of morbillivirus infection. Journal of Comparative Pathology 123(2-3): 198-201. ISSN: 0021-9975.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 J82
Descriptors: morbillivirus immunology, morbillivirus infections pathology, whales virology, antigens, viral analysis, distemper virus, canine immunology, distemper virus, phocine immunology, immunohistochemistry, morbillivirus infections virology.
Jauniaux, T. and F. Coignoul (2001). Pathologie des infections par les morbillivirus chez les mammiferes marins. [Pathology of morbillivirus infections in marine mammals]. Annales De Medecine Veterinaire 145(2): 76-96. ISSN: 0003-4118.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 AN78
Abstract: Morbillivirus infections were described since 1988 in marine mammals including pinnipeds and cetaceans. Since, numerous outbreaks, responsible for thousands marine mammals death, as well as sporadic cases, have occurred in various populations from North Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, Baikal Lake, Caspian Sea, and recently from northern Pacific. Clinical signs and macroscopic lesions are similar between species infected by morbillivirus and are close to those reported in dog with canine distemper. Under microscope, characteristic lesions are interstitial bronchopneumonia, lymphoid depletion and subacute encephalitis. Syncytia and inclusion bodies are frequently observed in lesions and epithelia. Lymphoid depletion promotes secondary infections by opportunistic pathogens, responsible in many cases of the animals death. Various parameters explain the high sensibility of certain population such as the species, the naive immunological status and vectors intervention for the disease.
Descriptors: aquatic mammals, morbillivirus, epidemiology, etiology, pathogenicity, aquatic animals, aquatic organisms, biological properties, microbial properties, Paramyxoviridae, viruses.
Language of Text: English and French summaries.
Jensen, A.E., N.F. Cheville, C.O. Thoen, A.P. MacMillan, and W.G. Miller (1999). Genomic fingerprinting and development of a dendrogram for Brucella spp. isolated from seals, porpoises, and dolphins. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 11(2): 152-157. ISSN: 1040-6387.
NAL Call Number: SF774.J68
Descriptors: seals, phocoenidae, dolphins, brucella, DNA fingerprinting, pulsed field electrophoresis, strains, vaccines, species differences, relationships.
Jensen, E.D., T. Lipscomb, B. Bonn van, G. Miller, J.M. Fradkin, and S.H. Ridgway (1998). Disseminated histoplasmosis in an atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 29(4): 456-460. ISSN: 1042-7260.
NAL Call Number: SF601.J6
Descriptors: diagnosis, histoplasmosis, pneumonia, anorexia, anaemia, respiratory diseases, histopathology, lymph nodes, spleen, liver, kidneys, bladder, pancreas, adrenal glands, stomach, culture, polymerase chain reaction, case reports, wild animals, Tursiops truncatus, Odontoceti, Histoplasma capsulatum, dolphins.
Jepson, P.D., J.R. Baker, T. Kuiken, V.R. Simpson, S. Kennedy, and P.M. Bennett (2000). Pulmonary pathology of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) stranded in England and Wales between 1990 and 1996. Veterinary Record 146(25): 721-8. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Abstract: The pathological changes observed in the lungs of 197 freshly dead to moderately decomposed harbour porpoises (Phocoenaphocoena) stranded in England and Wales between October 1990 and December 1996 were reviewed. In 135 (69 per cent of the cases) macroscopic nematode infections of the bronchial tract with Pseudalius inflexus and Torynurus convolutus, either singly or in combination, were recorded, and 106 (54 per cent) also had P inflexus within the pulmonary blood vessels. All the macroscopically parasitised porpoises were adults or juveniles although two neonates had histological evidence of nematode infection. There were 62 cases of mild to severe, subacute to chronic bronchitis and bronchiolitis, 113 cases of mild to severe chronic granulomatous interstitial pneumonia, and 34 cases of mild to severe vasculitis or thrombovasculitis of pulmonary blood vessels attributable to these nematode infections. In 35 cases necropurulent or purulent (broncho)pneumonias were attributed either to secondary bacterial infections of the lungs or to septicaemias associated in seven cases with Streptococcus canis, in two cases with group B Salmonella species, in one case with Escherichia coli and in one case with Streptococcus lactis. The pulmonary lesions in 67 animals known or diagnosed to have been entrapped in fishing gear were non-specific and included persistent foam in the airways in 45 cases, diffuse congestion in 53, oedema in 50, and multifocal intra-alveolar haemorrhage in 33 cases. Seven cases of acute fibrinous or chronic fibrous pleuritis, seven cases of chronic necropurulent pneumonia associated with mycotic infections, four porpoises with traumatic lesions of the thorax and other parts of the body consistent with fatal attack from bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), and one case of diffuse bronchointerstitial pneumonia associated with generalised morbillivirus infection were also recorded.
Descriptors: bronchitis, lung parasitology, lung pathology, nematode infections, porpoises, bronchitis pathology, bronchitis virology, cause of death, lung virology, pneumonia.
Jepson, P.D., S. Brew, A.P. MacMillan, J.R. Baker, J. Barnett, J.K. Kirkwood, T. Kuiken, I.R. Robinson, and V.R. Simpson (1997). Antibodies to Brucella in marine mammals around the coast of England and Wales. Veterinary Record 141(20): 513-515.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: England, Wales, aquatic mammals, antibodies, brucella, elisa, disease surveys, dolphins, whales, Cetacea, seals, immunology, surveys, aquatic animals, aquatic organisms, bacteria, British Isles, carnivora, Europe, Great Britain, immunoenzyme techniques, immunological factors, immunological techniques, Pinnipedia, surveys, United Kingdom, Western Europe, marine mammals, phocoenidae, serological surveys.
Jepson, P.D., R. Deaville, I.A. Patterson, A.M. Pocknell, H.M. Ross, J.R. Baker, F.E. Howie, R.J. Reid, A. Colloff, and A.A. Cunningham (2005). Acute and chronic gas bubble lesions in cetaceans stranded in the United Kingdom. Veterinary Pathology 42(3): 291-305. ISSN: 0300-9858.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 P27
Abstract: The first evidence suggestive of in vivo gas bubble formation in cetacea, including eight animals stranded in the UK, has recently been reported. This article presents the pathologic findings from these eight UK-stranded cetaceans and two additional UK-stranded cetacean cases in detail. Hepatic gas-filled cavitary lesions (0.2-6.0 cm diameter) involving approximately 5-90% of the liver volume were found in four (two juvenile, two adult) Risso's dolphins (Grampus griseus), three (two adult, one juvenile) common dolphins (Delphinus delphis), an adult Blainville's beaked whale (Mesoplodon densirostris), and an adult harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). Histopathologic examination of the seven dolphin cases with gross liver cavities revealed variable degrees of pericavitary fibrosis, microscopic, intrahepatic, spherical, nonstaining cavities (typically 50-750 microm in diameter) consistent with gas emboli within distended portal vessels and sinusoids and associated with hepatic tissue compression, hemorrhages, fibrin/organizing thrombi, and foci of acute hepato-cellular necrosis. Two common dolphins also had multiple and bilateral gross renal cavities (2.0-9.0 mm diameter) that, microscopically, were consistent with acute (n = 2) and chronic (n = 1) arterial gas emboli-induced renal infarcts. Microscopic, bubblelike cavities were also found in mesenteric lymph node (n = 4), adrenal (n = 2), spleen (n = 2), pulmonary associated lymph node (n = 1), posterior cervical lymph node (n = 1), and thyroid (n = 1). No bacterial organisms were isolated from five of six cavitated livers and one of one cavitated kidneys. The etiology and pathogenesis of these lesions are not known, although a decompression-related mechanism involving embolism of intestinal gas or de novo gas bubble (emboli) development derived from tissues supersaturated with nitrogen is suspected.
Descriptors: Cetacea, decompression sickness pathology, decompression sickness, liver pathology, decompression sickness diagnosis, decompression sickness epidemiology, great britain epidemiology, histological techniques, immunohistochemistry, kidney pathology, lymph nodes pathology.
Johnson, S.P., S. Jang, F.M. Gulland, M.A. Miller, D.R. Casper, J. Lawrence, and J. Herrera (2003). Characterization and clinical manifestations of Arcanobacterium phocae infections in marine mammals stranded along the central California coast. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 39(1): 136-44. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Abstract: Between 1994 and 2000, 141 Arcanobacterium phocae isolates were recovered from marine mammals that stranded along the central California coast (USA). Arcanobacterium phocae was cultured from tissue sites with abnormal discharge or evidence of inflammation in 66 California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), 50 Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii), 19 northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris), five southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis), and one common dolphin (Delphinus delphis). The overall prevalence of A. phocae among cultured stranded marine mammals was 8%. This is the first report of A. phocae in animals from the Pacific Ocean. Sequence analysis of a portion of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene confirmed recent isolates as A. phocae. Prior to phylogenetic testing and the routine use of the esculin hydrolysis and motility tests, A. phocae isolates may have been misidentified as Listeria ivanovii. Arcanobacterium phocae was commonly isolated from superficial abscesses, was often present in mixed infections, and was susceptible to all antimicrobial agents tested.
Descriptors: actinomy, Cetaceae isolation and purification, actinomycetales infections, dolphins, otters, seals, earless, abscess microbiology, abscess, actinomy Cetaceae classification, actinomy Cetaceae drug effects, actinomycetales infections epidemiology, actinomycetales infections pathology, anti bacterial agents pharmacology, base sequence, California epidemiology, gene amplification, microbial sensitivity tests, phylogeny, prevalence, rna, ribosomal, 16s chemistry, rna, ribosomal, 16s genetics, retrospective studies, sequence homology, nucleic acid.
Kamiya, T., N. Miyazaki, and S. Shiraga (1981). First case of dicephaly in Odontoceti [striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba]. Scientific Reports of the Whales Research Institute (33): 127-129. ISSN: 0083-9086.
Descriptors: dolphins, fetus, head, genetic disorders, anatomy, animal anatomy, aquatic animals, aquatic mammals, aquatic organisms, biological development, body regions, Cetacea, disorders, embryonic development, injurious factors, ISSCAAP group b 63, ISSCAAP groups of species, physiological functions, physiology.
Kamiya, T., T. Tobayama, and M. Nishiwaki (1979). Epidermal cyst in the neck of a killer whale. Scientific Reports of the Whales Research Institute (31): 93-94. ISSN: 0549-5717.
Descriptors: epidermal cyst, killer whale, neck, orca.
Kamo, H., J. Maejima, and R. Hatsushika (1980). First record of Diphyllobothrium macroovatum Jurachno, 1973 from minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata Lacepede, 1804 (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) in Japan. Japanese Journal of Parasitology 29(6): 499-505, (p. 85-91). ISSN: 0021-5171.
NAL Call Number: 436.8 J27
Descriptors: Japan, Diphyllobothrium macroovatum, Cestoda, Balaenoptera acutorostrata, host.
Kang MinSoo, Choi JaeHoon, Oh SangYeon, Han InGyou, and Kim DaeYong (2002). Pulmonary botryomycosis in a Gill's bottle-nosed dolphin. Journal of Veterinary Clinics 19(2): 250-252. ISSN: 1598-298X.
Descriptors: case reports, clinical aspects, diagnosis, fibroblasts, giant cells, Gram positive bacteria, granuloma, histopathology, inflammation, lungs, lymphocytes, macrophages, dolphins, botryomycosis, pulmonary.
Kato, H. (1979). Unusual minke whale with deformed jaw. Scientific Reports of the Whales Research Institute (31): 101-103. ISSN: 0549-5717.
Descriptors: minke whale, jaw, deformed.
Kennedy, S. (1998). Morbillivirus infections in aquatic mammals. Journal of Comparative Pathology 119(3): 201-225.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 J82
Descriptors: morbillivirus, wild animals, seals, dolphins, Cetacea, pathology, epidemiology, immune response, pathogenesis, phocidae.
Kennedy, S. (1990). A review of the 1988 European seal morbillivirus epizootic. Veterinary Record 127(23): 563-567.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: Tursiops, seats, viroses, distemper virus, Phocoena, Europe, wild animals, animals, Cetacea, dolphins, mammals, morbillivirus, paramyxoviridae, vehicle systems, viruses, wildlife.
Kennedy, S., T. Kuiken, H.M. Ross, M. McAliskey, D. Moffett, C.M. McNiven, and M. Carole (1992). Morbillivirus infection in two common porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the coasts of England and Scotland. Veterinary Record 131(13): 286-290. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: Phocoena, morbillivirus, histopathology, case reports, England, Scotland.
Kennedy, S., J.A. Smyth, P.F. Cush, M. McAliskey, S.J. McCullough, and B.K. Rima (1991). Histopathologic and immunocytochemical studies of distemper in harbor porpoises. Veterinary Pathology 28(1): 1-7. ISSN: 0300-9858.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 P27
Descriptors: Phocoena, distemper virus, pneumonia, histopathology, meningitis, encephalitis, immunoperoxidase technique, Northern Ireland, Phocoena Phocoena, meningoencephalitis.
Kennedy, S., J.A. Smyth, P.F. Cush, S.J. McCullough, G.M. Allan, and S. McQuaid (1989). Transatlantic spread of seal virus. Nature (London) 337(6209): 695.
NAL Call Number: 472 N21
Descriptors: seals, morbillivirus, viroses, disease transmission, Atlantic Ocean, dolphins, porpoises, wild animals, animals, aquatic animals, aquatic mammals, aquatic organisms, Cetacea, diseases, epidemiology, fur bearing animals, injurious factors, ISSCAAP group b 63, ISSCAAP group b 64, ISSCAAP groups of species, living resources, mammals, marine areas, natural resources, paramyxoviridae, Pinnipedia, resources, vertebrates, viruses, wildlife, phocidae.
Kennedy, S., T.P. Lipscomb and F.Y. Schulman (2002). Immunohistochemistry of morbillivirus infections in seals, harbor porpoises, and bottlenose dolphins. In: C.J. Pfeiffer (Editor), Molecular and Cell Biology of Marine Mammals, Kreiger Publishing Company: Malabar, p. 178-185. ISBN: 1575240629.
Descriptors: Pinnipedia, Cetacea, Tursiops truncatus, Phocoena phocoena, viral diseases, morbillivirus, infections immunohistochemistry review.
Kenyon, A.J., L. Dunn, R. Barton, and R. Thrall. (1985). Immunopathologic factors affecting the prevalence of verminous pulmonary granuloma in Arctic whales. Fifth International Conference on Wildlife Diseases. Abstracts of Papers to Be Presented at the Conference, August 18, 1985, Uppsala (Sweden), Statens Veterinaermedicinska Anstalt: 73 p.
Descriptors: whales, nematode infections, animals, aquatic animals, aquatic mammals, aquatic organisms, Cetacea, helminthoses, injurious factors, ISSCAAP group b 61, ISSCAAP group b 62, ISSCAAP groups of species, mammals, meat animals, oil producing animals, parasitoses, vertebrates.
Notes: Summary only.
Ketz Riley, C.J., R.D. Welsh, and J.P. Hoover. Fatal septicaemia caused by Streptococcus zooepidemicus in three Atlantic Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Erkrankungen der Zootiere: Verhandlungsbericht des 41 Internationalen Symposiums uber die Erkrankungen der Zoo und Wildtiere, May 1, 1928, Rome, Italy, p. 211-215.
NAL Call Number: SF996.I5
Descriptors: bacterial diseases, case reports, mortality, septicaemia, zoo animals, dolphins, Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, Tursiops truncatus.
Kijewska, A., Z. Jankowski, I. Kuklik, and J. Rokicki (2003). Pathological changes in the auditory organs of the harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena L.) Associated with Stenurus minor (Kuhn, 1829). Acta Parasitologica 48(1): 60-63. ISSN: 1230-2821.
NAL Call Number: QL757.A27
Descriptors: behavior, parasitology, sense organs, sensory reception, auditory malfunction, echo disruption, parasites, harbour porpoise.
Kikuchi, S., Y. Kazuno, M. Kiryu, and M. Nakajima (1995). Morphology of Crassicauda giliakiana (Nematoda: Spirurida) from a Cuvier's beaked whale Ziphius cavirostris. Japanese Journal of Parasitology 44(3): 228-237. ISSN: 0021-5171.
NAL Call Number: 436.8 J27
Descriptors: morphology, parasites, helminths, Nematoda, Spiruridae, Cetacea, beaked whale, Japan, male, female.
Kikuchi, S. and M. Nakajima (1996). Morphology of a pseudaliid nematode Stenurus globicephalae from the air sinus of a dolphin, Peponocephala electra. Japanese Journal of Parasitology 45(3): 215-221. ISSN: 0021-5171.
NAL Call Number: 436.8 J27
Descriptors: marine mammals, morphology, wild animals, parasites, helminths, Delphinidae, nematoda, dolphin, air sinus, nasal cavity.
Kinsel, M.J., J.R. Boehm, B. Harris, and R.D. Murnane (1997). Fatal Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae septicemia in a captive pacific white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 28(4): 494-497. ISSN: 1042-7260.
NAL Call Number: SF601.J6
Descriptors: septicaemia, case reports, histopathology, diagnosis, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Lagenorhynchus, dolphins, captive.
Kinuta, T. (1979). A case of diffuse papilloma of skin in a bottle-nosed dolphin, Tursiops gilli. Journal of Japanese Association of Zoological Gardens and Aquariums 20(2): 33-34.
Descriptors: papilloma, skin, bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops gilli.
Klimpel, S., H.W. Palm, S. Ruckert, and U. Piatkowski (2004). The life cycle of Anisakis simplex in the Norwegian Deep (northern North Sea). Parasitology Research 94(1): 1-9. ISSN: 0932-0113.
NAL Call Number: QL757.P377
Abstract: Copepoda (Calanus finmarchicus n = 1,722, Paraeuchaeta norvegica n = 1,955), Hyperiidae (n = 3,019), Euphausiacea (Meganyctiphanes norvegica n = 4,780), and the fishes Maurolicus muelleri (n = 500) and Pollachius virens (n = 33) were collected in the Norwegian Deep (northern North Sea) during summer 2001 to examine the importance of pelagic invertebrates and vertebrates as hosts of Anisakis simplex and their roles in the transfer of this nematode to its final hosts (Cetaceans). Third stage larvae (L3) of A. simplex were found in P. norvegica, M. muelleri and P. virens. The prevalence of A. simplex in dissected P. norvegica was 0.26%, with an intensity of 1. Prevalences in M. muelleri and P. virens were 49.6% and 100.0%, with mean intensities of 1.1-2.6 (total fish length >or=6.0-7.2) and 193.6, respectively. All specimens of C. finmarchicus and M. norvegica examined were free of anisakid nematode species and no other parasites were detected. P. norvegica, which harboured the third stage larvae, is the obligatory first intermediate host of A. simplex in the investigated area. Though there was no apparent development of larvae in M. muelleri, this fish can be considered as the obligatory second intermediate host of A. simplex in the Norwegian Deep. However, it is unlikely that the larva from P. norvegica can be successfully transmitted into the cetacean or pinniped final hosts, where they reach the adult stage. An additional growth phase and a second intermediate host is the next phase in the life cycle. Larger predators such as P. virens serve as paratenic hosts, accumulating the already infective stage from M. muelleri. The oceanic life cycle of A. simplex in the Norwegian Deep is very different in terms of hosts and proposed life cycle patterns of A. simplex from other regions, involving only a few intermediate hosts. In contrast to earlier suggestions, euphausiids have no importance at all for the successful transmission of A. simplex in the Norwegian Deep. This demonstrates that this nematode is able to select definite host species depending on the locality, apparently having a very low level of host specificity. This could explain the wide range of different hosts that have been recorded for this species, and can be seen as the reason for the success of this parasite in reaching its marine mammal final hosts in an oceanic environment.
Descriptors: anisakiasis, anisakis growth and development, crustacea parasitology, fish diseases parasitology, fishes parasitology, anisakiasis parasitology, anisakis isolation and purification, copepoda parasitology, euphausiacea parasitology, gadiformes parasitology, host parasite relations, larva growth and development, North Sea, Norway.
Klinowska, M. (1989). Transatlantic spread of seal virus. Nature (London) 337(6209): 695.
NAL Call Number: 472 N21
Descriptors: seals, morbillivirus, viroses, disease transmission, Atlantic Ocean, dolphins, porpoises, wild animals, animals, aquatic animals, aquatic mammals, aquatic organisms, Cetacea, diseases, epidemiology, fur bearing animals, injurious factors, ISSCAAP group b 63, ISSCAAP group b 64, ISSCAAP groups of species, living resources, mammals, marine areas, natural resources, paramyxoviridae, Pinnipedia, resources, vertebrates, viruses, wildlife, phocidae.
Krafft, A., J.K. Lichy, T.P. Lipscomb, B.A. Klaunberg, S. Kennedy, and J.K. Taubenberger (1995). Postmortem diagnosis of morbillivirus infection in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico epizootics by polymerase chain reaction-based assay. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 31(3): 410-415. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: diagnostic techniques, diagnosis, postmortem examinations, lungs, polymerase chain reaction, viral diseases, Tursiops truncatus, morbillivirus, dolphins.
Kuehn, B.M. (2004). Runoff contributes to emergence of disease in marine mammals. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 225(6): 818-9. ISSN: 0003-1488.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Am3
Descriptors: dolphins, marine toxins adverse effects, water pollutants adverse effects, algae metabolism, animals, wild, cause of death, Florida, food chain, oceans and seas, risk factors.
Kuiken, T., U. Hofle, P.M. Bennett, C.R. Allchin, J.K. Kirkwood, J.R. Baker, E.C. Appleby, C.H. Lockyer, M.J. Walton, and M.C. Sheldrick (1993). Adrenocortical hyperplasia, disease and chlorinated hydrocarbons in the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). Marine Pollution Bulletin 26(8): 440-446.
NAL Call Number: GC1000.M3
Descriptors: porpoises, insecticides, biphenyl, sea pollution, stress, adrenal glands, organochlorine compounds, animal glands, aromatic compounds, aromatic hydrocarbons, body parts, Cetacea, endocrine glands, hydrocarbons, mammals, organic halogen compounds, pesticides, pollution, water pollution.
Kuttin, E.S. and A. Kaller (1996). Cystoisospora delphini n. sp. causing enteritis in a bottlenosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Aquatic Mammals 22(1): 57-59. ISSN: 0167-5427.
Descriptors: marine mammals, zoo animals, protozoal infections, gastrointestinal diseases, faeces, morphology, oocysts, new species, taxonomy, drug therapy, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, drug combinations, parasites, dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, Apicomplexa, isospora, protozoa.
Lair, S., P. Beland, S. De Guise, and D. Martineau (1997). Adrenal hyperplastic and degenerative changes in beluga whales. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 33(3): 430-7. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Abstract: Thirty stranded beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from the St. Lawrence Estuary (Quebec, Canada) population and five animals from the Hudson Bay aboriginal hunt (North-west Territories, Canada) were examined. Twenty one animals from the St. Lawrence Estuary had mild to severe adrenal lesions and four whales from the Hudson Bay population were affected by minimal adrenal changes. Cortical hyperplasia was observed in 24 adult beluga whales all from the St. Lawrence Estuary. Bilateral cortical cysts and cellular vacuolar degeneration were observed in the adrenal glands of 19 beluga whales from both populations. The cysts, filled with a cortisol-rich liquid, were present in both sexes. Beluga whales with adrenal cysts were significantly older than animals without cysts, and the severity of the lesions increased with age. Nodular hyperplasia of the medulla was observed in seven of the beluga whales, all from the St. Lawrence Estuary population. All lesions could be part of a normal aging process. The adrenocortical lesions might be due to stress or adrenocorticolytic xenobiotics, while the medullary hyperplasia might be caused by hypoxia or exposure to estrogenic xenobiotics.
Descriptors: adrenal gland diseases, adrenal glands pathology, whales, adrenal gland diseases epidemiology, adrenal gland diseases pathology, hyperplasia, Northwest Territories epidemiology, prevalence, Quebec epidemiology, risk factors.
Lair, S., S.d. Guise, and D. Martineau (1998). Uterine adenocarcinoma with abdominal carcinomatosis in a beluga whale. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 34(2): 373-376. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: adenocarcinoma, case reports, pathology, reproduction, uterus, neoplasms, whales, Delphinapterus leucas.
Lambertsen, R.H. (1997). Natural disease problems of the sperm whale. Bulletin De L' Institut Royal Des Sciences Naturelles De Belgique Biologie (Belgium). Bulletin Van Het Koninlijk Belgisch Instituut Voor Natuurwetenschappen - Biologie 67(Suppl.): 133. ISSN: 0374-6429.
NAL Call Number: QH301.I48
Abstract: This paper reviews observations made over the years on natural disease in sperm whales. Most of the information available is derived from past whaling activities. This information, with biological data defining normal body condition and blubber lipid content, provides a starting point for the evaluation of natural phenomena as causes of sperm whale strandings. For example, depression of blubber lipid content was found by others in many of the sperm whales which stranded in 1994/1995 in the North Sea, and is consistent with Smeenk's hypothesis (this volume) of a general process of starvation in a shallow sea essentially devoid of those pelagic cephalopods which constitute the sperm whale's principal prey. Cross-disciplinary data derived from whales stranded on the North Sea coast in 1994/1995 are also considered with the concern that pollution may have contributed to, or caused these strandings. However, the pathological details, plus the fact that the one Belgian whale with hemorrhagic skin ulcers had severe weight loss, the lowest blubber lipid content measured, and carried the lowest concentration of lipid-soluble toxicants, all suggest that any specific cause of death linked to the pathogenesis of the skin ulcers was not related to pollution. Further research into this question is strongly encouraged.
Descriptors: physeter, animal diseases, lipid content, sea pollution, pollutants, pathology, skin diseases, parasites, parasitoses, North Sea, Atlantic Ocean, Cetacea, Eastern Atlantic, mammals, marine areas, North Atlantic, Northeast Atlantic, organic diseases, pollution, proximate composition, water pollution, whales.
Language of Text: English and French summaries.
Notes: Meeting Information: Proceedings of the Symposium "The North Sea Sperm Whales, One Year After" Held in Koksijde (Belgium) on the Anniversary of the Stranding of Four Sperm Whales on the Belgian Coast, Koksijde Belgium, Nov. 16-18, 1995.
Lambertsen, R.H. (1992). La crassicaudose: une maladie parasitaire menacant la sante et la reconstitution des populations de gros mysticetes [gestion des systemes oceaniques; Crassicauda boopsis, grande baleine bleue (Balaenoptera musculus), rorqual (Balaenoptera physalus), jubarte (Megaptera novaeangliae)]. La crassicaudosis: una enfermedad parasitaria que representa una amenaza para la salud y para la reconstitucion de las poblaciones de los grandes misticetos [gestion de sistemas oceanicos; ballenas azules (Balaenoptera musculus), rorcuales (Balaenoptera physalus), jubartes (Megaptera novaeangliae)]. [Crassicaudosis: a parasitic disease threatening the health and population recovery of large baleen whales [ocean systems management; Crassicauda boopsis, blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus), fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus), humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae)]. Revue Scientifique Et Technique De L'Oie 11(4): 1131-1141. ISSN: 0253-1933.
NAL Call Number: SF781.R4
Descriptors: Balaenoptera, megaptera, nematode infections, nematoda, epidemiology, pathogenesis, blood cells, blood vessels, kidneys, inflammation, resource conservation, animal morphology, aschelminthes, blood, cardiovascular system, cells, Cetacea, disorders, helminthoses, mammals, parasitoses, resource management, urinary tract, urogenital system, whales.
Language of Text: English, French and Spanish summaries.
Lawson, P.A., E. Falsen, G. Foster, E. Eriksson, N. Weiss, and M.D. Collins (2001). Arcanobacterium pluranimalium sp. nov., isolated from porpoise and deer. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 51(1): 55-9. ISSN: 1466-5026.
Online: http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/
NAL Call Number: QR1.I577
Abstract: Two strains of a previously undescribed Arcanobacterium-like bacterium were isolated from a dead harbour porpoise and a dead sallow deer. Biochemical testing and PAGE analysis of whole-cell proteins indicated that the strains were phenotypically closely related to each other and distinct from previously described Actinomyces and Arcanobacterium species. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed the bacterium to be a hitherto unknown subline within the genus Arcanobacterium. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium be classified as Arcanobacterium pluranimalium sp. nov. The type strain of Arcanobacterium pluranimalium is CCUG 42575T (= CIP 106442T).
Descriptors: actinomy Cetaceae classification, actinomycetales infections, deer microbiology, porpoises microbiology, actinomy Cetaceae genetics, actinomy Cetaceae isolation and purification, actinomycetales infections microbiology, bacterial typing techniques, base composition, DNA, bacterial chemistry, bacterial genetics, ribosomal chemistry, ribosomal genetics, genes, rrna, molecular sequence data, phenotype, phylogeny, rna, ribosomal, 16s genetics, sequence analysis.
Lehnert, K., J.A. Raga, and U. Siebert (2005). Macroparasites in stranded and bycaught harbour porpoises from German and Norwegian waters. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 64(3): 265-269. ISSN: 0177-5103.
Abstract: Parasitological investigations were carried out on harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena originating from 3 different areas: the German North Sea (28), the German Baltic (18) and Norwegian waters (22). The individuals were bycaught in gill-nets or found stranded during the period 1997 to 2000. A total of 7 species of parasites was identified from the investigated organs. These originated mainly from the respiratory tract and comprised 1 ascaridoid nematode (Anisakis simplex), 4 pseudaliid nematodes (Pseudalius inflexus, Torynurus convolutus, Halocercus invaginatus, Stenurus minor) and 2 trematodes (Campula oblonga, Pholeter gastrophilus). This is the first geographic record of H. invaginatus from German waters. Differences were found in the severity of the parasitic infection between stranded and bycaught animals as well as between porpoises from different areas. A correlation was shown between parasitic infection and observed lesions.
Descriptors: German, Norwegian, harbour porpoises, macroparasites, stranded, organs, lesions, North Sea.
Leroi, A.M., V. Koufopanou, and A. Burt (2003). Cancer selection. Nature Reviews Cancer 3(3): 226-31. ISSN: 1474-175X.
Abstract: Cancers are often thought to be selectively neutral. This is because most of the individuals that they kill are post-reproductive. Some cancers, however, kill the young and so select for anticancer adaptations that reduce the chance of death. These adaptations could reduce the somatic mutation rate or the selective value of a mutant clone of cells, or increase the number of stages required for neoplasia. New theory predicts that cancer selection--selection to prevent or postpone deaths due to cancer--should be especially important as animals evolve new morphologies or larger, longer-lived bodies, and might account for some of the differences in the causes of cancer between mice and men.
Descriptors: models, biological, neoplasms genetics, selection genetics, adolescent, adult, age of onset, body constitution, breeding, cell transformation, neoplastic genetics, chickens, child, cyprinodontiformes, dog diseases genetics, dog diseases pathology, dog diseases transmission, dogs, fish diseases genetics, fish diseases pathology, genes, tumor suppressor, genetic predisposition to disease, growth substances physiology, melanoma genetics, melanoma pathology, melanoma, mice, mice, knockout, mutation, neoplasms epidemiology, neoplasms prevention and control, neoplasms, organ specificity, poultry diseases genetics, sarcoma genetics, sarcoma pathology, sarcoma, sexually transmitted diseases genetics, sexually transmitted diseases pathology, sexually transmitted diseases, species specificity, urogenital neoplasms genetics, urogenital neoplasms pathology, urogenital neoplasms, whales.
Levin, M.J. and C.J. Pfeiffer (1999). Photoreceptor ultrastructure of the amphipod, Cyamus ceti (Linne, 1758), an ectoparasite of bowhead, right and gray whales. Journal of Submicroscopic Cytology and Pathology 31(3): 397-405. ISSN: 1122-9497.
Abstract: Light and electron microscopic findings are presented for the first time on a species of amphipod whale louse, Cyamus ceti, with reference to the paired photoreceptor structures of the head. Whale lice are crustacean ectoparasites of large, slow moving whales. Twenty-two known species parasitize mainly baleens but also toothed whales. Samples were collected from Alaskan bowhead whales during an Eskimo hunt. The photoreceptors, or compound eyes, were sessile and located on the dorsal cephalon. Each photoreceptor contained approximately 50 visual ommatidial units. The general organization was similar to other amphipod crustacean compound eyes. The single ommatidial unit consisted of 1) an overlying cuticle, 2) crystalline cone secreted by cone cells, 3) a fusiform layered rhabdom, 4) surrounding pigmented retinular cells, and 5) basal lamina and axon. The cuticle over each eye was translucent, convex, and thinner than the rest of the cranial cuticle. The photosensitive rhabdom contained a central core of alternating microvillous projections, and the rhabdomere unit was formed by five or six retinular cells. There were numerous electron-dense and electron-lucent granules within the cytoplasm of the retinular cells, corresponding to visual pigment or reflecting granules. The eyes most likely play a role in detecting light direction, duration and/or intensity, which may direct molting, reproduction, or other functions of this cetacean ectoparasite.
Descriptors: crustacea ultrastructure, photoreceptors, invertebrate ultrastructure, whales parasitology, ectoparasitic infestations parasitology.
Lipscomb, T.P., S. Kennedy, D. Moffett, and B.K. Ford (1994). Morbilliviral disease in an Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) from the Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 30(4): 572-576. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: viral diseases, wild animals, dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, morbillivirus, Gulf of Mexico.
Lipscomb, T.P., S. Kennedy, D. Moffett, A. Krafft, B.A. Klaunberg, J.H. Lichy, G.T. Regan, G.A.J. Worthy, and J.K. Taubenberger (1996). Morbilliviral epizootic in bottlenose dolphins of the Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 8(8): 283-290. ISSN: 1040-6387.
NAL Call Number: SF774.J68
Descriptors: Tursiops truncatus, morbillivirus, outbreaks, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction, diagnosis, Gulf of Mexico, Alabama, Mississippi, Texas.
Lipscomb, T.P., F.Y. Schulman, D. Moffett, and S. Kennedy (1994). Morbilliviral disease in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the 1987-1988 epizootic. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 30(4): 567-571. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: viral diseases, wild animals, respiratory diseases, pneumonia, morbillivirus, dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, epizootic.
Lluch, J., V. Roca, and P. Navarro (1987). Campula palliata (Looss, 1885) Looss, 1901 (Digenea: Campulidae) parasito del delfin listado (Stenella coeruleoalba Mayen, 1833) (Mammalia: Delphinidae). [Campula palliata (Looss, 1885) Looss, 1901 (Digenea: Campulidae) parasite of striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba Mayen, 1833) (Mammalia: Delphinidae)] . Boletin Seccion Biologica. Sociedad Espanola De Historia Natural (Spain) 83(1-4): 135-139. ISSN: 0366-3272.
NAL Call Number: 442.9 SO18
Abstract: Se realiza un estudio morfologico y biometrico de varios ejemplares de Campula palliata (Looss, 1885) Looss, 1901 (Digenea: Campulidae) Obtenidos a partir de los conductos hepaticos de un delfin listado (Stenella coeruleoalba Mayen, 1833) varado en Valencia (Espana). Se compara esta especie con otros digenidos hepaticos propios de Cetaceos.
Descriptors: Cetacea, trematodes, biometry, parasites, biological competition, biological properties, helminths, injurious factors, invertebrates, mammals, measurement, methods, noxious animals, parasitism, pests, platyhelminthes, vertebrates.
Language of Text: English and Spanish summaries.
Macchioni, G. and S. Barducci (1989). Reperti parassitologici nel delfino (Tursiops truncatus). [Parasitological observations in the dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)]. Annali Della Facolta Di Medicina Veterinaria Di Pisa (Italy) 42: 137-143. ISSN: 0365-4729.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 P67
Abstract: Skrjabinalius guevarai Gallego and Silva, 1979 and Monorygma grimaldii (Moniez, 1889) are reported respictively in lungs and diaphragm in the dolpin. ITALIANO: Viene segnalata la presenza di Skrjabinaslius guevarai Gallego e Silva, 1979 in sede polmonare e Monorygma grimaldii (Moniez, 1889) in sede diaframmatica nel delfino.
Descriptors: dolphins, parasitism, diaphragm, lungs, diagnosis, nematoda, animal morphology, aschelminthes, biological competition, Cetacea, mammals, muscles, musculoskeletal system, respiratory system.
Language of Text: English and Italian summaries.
MacKenzie, K. (2002). Parasites as biological tags in population studies of marine organisms: an update. Parasitology 124(Suppl.): S153-63. ISSN: 0031-1820.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 P21
Abstract: This paper reviews the work published over the past decade on the use of parasites as biological tags in population studies of marine fish, mammals and invertebrates. Fish hosts are considered in taxonomic and ecological groups as follows: demersal, anadromous, small pelagic, large pelagic and elasmobranch. Most studies were carried out on demersal fish, particularly on members of the genera Merluccius (hake), Sebastes (rockfish) and on Atlantic cod Gadus morhua L., but Pacific salmonids and small pelagic fish of the genus Trachurus are also well-represented. A current multidisciplinary study of the population biology of horse mackerel Trachurus trachurus in European waters, which includes the use of parasites as tags, is described. Two studies recognize the potential for using parasites as tags for cetaceans but, in spite of the considerable potential for this approach in population studies of elasmobranchs, no original study has been carried out on this group for over ten years. Studies of parasites as tags for marine invertebrates have concentrated on squid. Recent trends in the use of parasites as biological tags for marine hosts are discussed.
Descriptors: fish diseases parasitology, fishes parasitology, invertebrates parasitology, mammals parasitology, biological markers, fish diseases transmission, fishes classification, larva growth and development, oceans and seas, parasites growth and development, parasites isolation and purification, population dynamics, protozoa growth and development, species specificity, time factors, whales parasitology.
Macri, B., G. Mazzullo, V. Galofaro, F. Marino, and F. Macri (1999). Morte per soffocamento di un esemplare di tursiope: aspetti anatomo-istopatologici e considerazioni eziopatogenetiche. [Death by strangling in a bottlenosed dolphin: anatomo-histopathological pictures and aetiopathogenetic considerations]. Praxis Veterinaria Milano 20(1): 14-17.
Descriptors: marine mammals, death, asphyxia, viral diseases, bacterial diseases, parasitoses, causes of death, anatomy, histopathology, etiology, respiratory diseases, case reports, dolphins, Cetacea, Tursiops truncatus.
Manooch, C.S. and D.L. Mason (1984). Food and gastrointestinal parasites of dolphin Coryphaena hippurus collected along the southeastern and gulf coasts of the United States [Hysterothylacium pelagicum]. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 50(9): 1551-1525. ISSN: 0021-5392.
NAL Call Number: 414.9 J274
Descriptors: dolphins, nematode infections, animal nutrition, USA.
Martineau, D. (1999). Maladies virales chez les mammiferes marins: statut des belugas du Saint-Laurent. [Viral diseases of marine mammals: the status of the beluga population in the St. Lawrence estuary]. Medecin Veterinaire Du Quebec 29(1): 45-51. ISSN: 0225-9591.
Descriptors: infection, animal diseases, marine mammals, contamination, water pollution, estuaries, organochlorine compounds, Morbillivirus, phocine distemper virus, Calicivirus, San Miguel sealion virus, Herpesviridae, Influenzavirus, Poxviridae, Huso huso, beluga.
Martineau, D., S. De Guise, M. Fournier, L. Shugart, C. Girard, A. Lagace, and P. Beland (1994). Pathology and toxicology of beluga whales from the St. Lawrence estuary, Quebec, Canada. Past, present and future. Science of the Total Environment 154(2-3): 201-215. ISSN: 0048-9697.
NAL Call Number: RA565.S365
Descriptors: digestive system, ingestion and assimilation, estuarine ecology, ecology, environmental sciences, immune system, chemical coordination and homeostasis, infection, nervous system, neural coordination, pathology, pollution assessment control and management, reproductive system, reproduction, respiratory system, respiration, toxicology, tumor biology, benzo(a)pyrene, brain, carcinogen, heavy metal, immunosuppression, inflammatory changes, liver, malignant neoplasm, milk production, organochlorinated compound, pneumonia, pollution, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
Martineau, D., S. Lair, S. De Guise, and P. Beland (1995). Intestinal adenocarcinomas in two beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from the estuary of the St. Lawrence River. Canadian Veterinary Journal 36(9): 563-565. ISSN: 0008-5286.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 R3224
Descriptors: Delphinapterus leucas, carcinoma, small intestine, estuaries, histopathology, case reports, Quebec.
Martineau, D., K. Lemberger, A. Dallaire, P. Labelle, T.P. Lipscomb, P. Michel, and I. Mikaelian (2002). Cancer in wildlife, a case study: beluga from the St. Lawrence estuary, Quebec, Canada. Environmental Health Perspectives 110(3): 285-92. ISSN: 0091-6765.
Abstract: A population of approximately 650 beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) inhabits a short segment of the St. Lawrence estuary (SLE). Over 17 years (1983-1999), we have examined 129 (or 49%) of 263 SLE beluga carcasses reported stranded. The major primary causes of death were respiratory and gastrointestinal infections with metazoan parasites (22%), cancer (18%), and bacterial, viral, and protozoan infections (17%). We observed cancer in 27% of examined adult animals found dead, a percentage similar to that found in humans. The estimated annual rate (AR) of all cancer types (163/100,000 animals) is much higher than that reported for any other population of cetacean and is similar to that of humans and to that of hospitalized cats and cattle. The AR of cancer of the proximal intestine, a minimum figure of 63 per 100,000 animals, is much higher than that observed in domestic animals and humans, except in sheep in certain parts of the world, where environmental contaminants are believed to be involved in the etiology of this condition. SLE beluga and their environment are contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) produced by the local aluminum smelters. The human population living in proximity of the SLE beluga habitat is affected by rates of cancer higher than those found in people in the rest of Quebec and Canada, and some of these cancers have been epidemiologically related to PAHs. Considered with the above observations, the exposure of SLE beluga to PAHs and their contamination by these compounds are consistent with the hypothesis that PAHs are involved in the etiology of cancer in these animals.
Descriptors: environmental exposure, environmental pollutants adverse effects, neoplasms etiology, neoplasms, polycyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic adverse effects, whales, cause of death, epidemiologic studies, incidence, neoplasms epidemiology, Quebec.
Notes: Comment In: Environmental Health Perspectives 2002 Oct;110(10):A562.
Martineau, D., K. Lemberger, A. Dallaire, P. Michel, P. Beland, P. Labelle, and T.P. Lipscomb (2003). Cancer in beluga: response. Environmental Health Perspectives 111(2): A78-A79. ISSN: 0091-6765.
Descriptors: Delphinapterus leucas, neoplastic diseases, north west Atlantic, Canada, St. Lawrence Estuary, cancer, discussion.
Martineau, D., I. Mikaelian, J.M. Lapointe, P. Labelle and R. Higgins (2003). Pathology of cetaceans. A case study: beluga from the St. Lawrence Estuary. In: J.G. Vos, G.D. Bossart, M. Fournier and T.J. O'Shea (Editors), Toxicology of Marine Mammals. New Perspectives: Toxicology and the Environment, Taylor & Francis: London & New York, p. 333-380. ISBN: 0415239141.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.T685 2003
Descriptors: Delphinapterus leucas, parasites diseases and disorders, north west Atlantic, Canada, Quebec, St. Lawrence Estuary, pathology, overview.
Martins, H.M., M.I. Dias, M.L. Martins, and F. Bernardo (2002). Leveduroses oportunistas do tracto respiratorio de delfinideos em cativeiro. [Opportunist yeast infection in the respiratory tract of captive dolphins]. Revista Portuguesa De Ciencias Veterinarias 97(544): 189-192. ISSN: 0035-0389.
Abstract: Marine mammals hold in aquatic parks for exhibition, particularly dolphins, are frequently affected by opportunist yeast infections. Stress due to disgenesic conditions of their artificial habitat is a very relevant predisposing cause. Maintenance conditions of these aquatic mammals associated with prophylactic measures (antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs) provided for heath sustainability leads to this kind of opportunistic infection. One hundred and eight samples of bronchial exsudates collected from three captive dolphins affected with respiratory clinical signs into two different Aquatic Parks were tested for mycological diagnosis. Research of yeasts were performed using conventional mycological methods. Yeasts were morphologically and biochemically identified. Isolates were tested for antimicotic sensitivity. The majority of samples revealed pure cultures of yeasts (n+ = 98) (90.7 %). Candida albicans was the most frequent, and it was isolated from 50 % of the positive samples. Candida glabrata was detected in 40.8 % of the samples. Nine samples revealed Cryptoccocus laurentii (9.2 %). All strains were sensitive to the antifungal drugs. High frequency of these opportunistic infections may be due to water treatments and other environmental conditions.
Descriptors: delphinidae, respiratory system, fungal diseases, Candida albicans, opportunist infection of respiratory tract in captivity, Portugal, opportunist fungal infection of respiratory tract in captivity.
McFee, W.E. and C.A. Osborne (2004). Struvite calculus in the vagina of a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 40(1): 125-128. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Abstract: On 27 January 2000, a struvite calculus was observed in the vagina during necropsy of a 138-cm-long female bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) collected from the Stono River, South Carolina (USA). Vaginal calculi have been reported in other species of cetaceans but not in bottlenose dolphins. Urinary tract infection might have been an underlying cause of the calculus. While urinary tract inflammation was not detected by light microscopic evaluation of sections of the urinary tract, it is conceivable that sufficient time had lapsed following voiding of the calculus through the urethra for urinary tract infection to have resolved. To further define the prevalence and significance of urolithiasis, prosectors of dead stranded marine mammals are encouraged to closely observe their urinary and genital tracts for calculi and to submit them for quantitative analysis.
Descriptors: Tursiops truncatus, ducts of female, vagina, diseases and disorders, vaginul calculus, South Carolina, Charleston County, Stono River, vaginal calculus, new record and possible causes.
Migaki, G. and T.F. Albert (1982). Lipoma of the liver a in bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) Neoplasms in marine mammals. Veterinary Pathology 19(3): 329-331. ISSN: 0300-9858.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 P27
Descriptors: bowhead whale, liver, lipoma, neoplasms, marine mammals.
Migaki, G., R.A. Heckmann, and T.F. Albert (1982). Gastric nodules caused by 'Anisakis type' larvae in the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 18(3): 353-357. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Abstract: 'Anisakis type' larvae found in discrete raised gastric nodules of two bowhead whales, histological examination.
Descriptors: Alaska, pathology, Nematoda, granuloma, Anisakis type larvae, Balaena mysticetus, host.
Migaki, G., T.R. Sawa, and J.P. Dubey (1990). Fatal disseminated toxoplasmosis in a spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris). Veterinary Pathology 27(6): 463-464. ISSN: 0300-9858.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 P27
Descriptors: stenella, Toxoplasma gondii, disseminated infections, fatal infections, Hawaii.
Mignucci Giannoni, A.A., E.P. Hoberg, D. Siegel Causey, and E.H. Williams Jr. (1998). Metazoan parasites and other symbionts of cetaceans in the Caribbean. Journal of Parasitology 84(5): 939-946. ISSN: 0022-3395.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 J824
Descriptors: helminths, symbionts, biodiversity, commensals, fauna, new geographic records, new host records, marine mammals, infections, ectoparasites, parasites, Acanthocephala, Nematoda, Digenea, Cestoda, whales, dolphins, Cetacea, Odontoceti, Mysticeti, Anisakis simplex, Diphyllobothrium, Isopoda, Rhizocephala, Crustacea, Megaptera novaeangliae, Physeter catodon, Tursiops truncatus.
Mikaelian, I., J. Boisclair, J.P. Dubey, S. Kennedy, and D. Martineau (2000). Toxoplasmosis in beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from the St. Lawrence estuary: two case reports and a serological survey. Journal of Comparative Pathology 122(1): 73-6. ISSN: 0021-9975.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 J82
Descriptors: toxoplasma isolation and purification, toxoplasmosis, animal pathology, whales parasitology, antibodies, protozoan analysis, antigens, protozoan immunology, brain parasitology, fluorescent antibody technique, indirect, spleen parasitology, toxoplasma immunology, toxoplasmosis, animal blood, whales blood.
Mikaelian, I., P. Labelle, M. Dore, and D. Martineau (2000). Fibroleiomyomas of the tubular genitalia in female beluga whales. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 12(4): 371-4. ISSN: 1040-6387.
NAL Call Number: SF774.J68
Abstract: Fibroleiomyomas of the tubular genitalia were diagnosed in 6 of 9 adult female beluga whales from the St. Lawrence estuary, Quebec, Canada. These tumors were located in the vagina (6 of 6), the cervix (2 of 6), and the uterus (1 of 6). Endogenous hormones or xeno-estrogens may be implicated in the occurrence of these tumors.
Descriptors: cervix neoplasms, leiomyoma, uterine neoplasms, vaginal neoplasms, whales, cervix neoplasms pathology, leiomyoma pathology, uterine neoplasms pathology, vaginal neoplasms pathology.
Mikaelian, I., P. Labelle, M. Dore, and D. Martineau (1999). Metastatic mammary adenocarcinomas in two beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from the St Lawrence Estuary, Canada. Veterinary Record 145(25): 738-739. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: Delphinapterus leucas, mammary gland neoplasms, adenocarcinoma, metastasis, pathology, immunohistochemistry, estuaries, case reports, Canada.
Mikaelian, I., P. Labelle, M. Kopal, S. De Guise, and D. Martineau (2003). Adenomatous hyperplasia of the thyroid gland in beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from the St. Lawrence Estuary and Hudson Bay, Quebec, Canada. Veterinary Pathology 40(6): 698-703. ISSN: 0300-9858.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 P27
Abstract: We evaluated thyroid gland lesions in beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from the St. Lawrence Estuary (n = 16) and Hudson Bay (n = 14). Follicular cysts and nodules of adenomatous hyperplasia of the thyroid gland were found in eight and nine adults from the St. Lawrence Estuary (n = 10), respectively, and in four and six adults from Hudson Bay (n = 14), respectively. The total volume of the lesions of thyroid adenomatous hyperplasia was positively correlated with age in both populations. Comparison between populations could not be performed because of differences in age structures of sample groups. Beluga whales from both populations have unique thyroid lesions among marine mammals.
Descriptors: follicular cyst, thyroid gland pathology, thyroid nodule, whales, age factors, follicular cyst pathology, histological techniques, hyperplasia, quebec, thyroid nodule pathology.
Mikaelian, I., J.M. Lapointe, P. Labelle, R. Higgins, M. Paradis, and D. Martineau (2001). Dermatophilus-like infection in beluga whales, Delphinapterus leucas, from the St. Lawrence estuary. Veterinary Dermatology 12(1): 59-62. ISSN: 0959-4493.
NAL Call Number: SF901.V47
Abstract: Six beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) found dead on the shores of the St. Lawrence estuary had multiple slightly depressed greyish round areas randomly distributed over the whole body. Histologically, the surface of these areas was covered with a thick layer of Dermatophilus-like organisms which invaded the stratum corneum. The underlying stratum spinosum had marked spongiosis and vacuolar degeneration. Minimal neutrophilic infiltration was present within the underlying dermal papillae. To the authors' knowledge, dermatophilosis in cetaceans has not been reported previously.
Descriptors: skin diseases, bacterial, whales, diagnosis, differential, Quebec, skin diseases, bacterial diagnosis.
Mikaelian, I., M.P. Tremblay, C. Montpetit, S.V. Tessaro, H.J. Cho, C. House, L. Measures, and D. Martineau (1999). Seroprevalance of selected viral infections in a population of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in Canada. Veterinary Record 144(2): 50-51. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: Delphinapterus leucas, viral diseases, seroprevalence, estuaries, Canada.
Miller, W.G., L.G. Adams, T.A. Ficht, N.F. Cheville, J.P. Payeur, D.R. Harley, C. House, and S.H. Ridgway (1999). Brucella-induced abortions and infection in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 30(1): 100-110. ISSN: 1042-7260.
NAL Call Number: SF601.J6
Descriptors: abortion, case reports, diagnosis, serology, zoonoses, disease prevalence, virulence, microbiology, polymerase chain reaction, histopathology, placentitis, electrophoresis, brucellosis, Brucella, Tursiops truncatus, dolphins.
Miller, W.G., A.A. Padhye, W. van Bonn, E. Jensen, M.E. Brandt, and S.H. Ridgway (2002). Cryptococcosis in a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) caused by Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 40(2): 721-4. ISSN: 0095-1137.
NAL Call Number: QR46.J6
Abstract: We describe the first case of cryptococcosis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii in a male Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). The dolphin showed clinical signs of tachypnea, transient dyspnea, and mild tachycardia and developed multiple hyperechoic nodules, parenchymal consolidation, and thickening of pleura. A diagnosis of bronchopneumonia with pleuritis was made. Itraconazole therapy was implemented for 120 days, and trough levels in serum were within or above the suggested therapeutic range. Titers of cryptococcal antigen in serum increased eightfold during therapy, and the case had a fatal outcome. Necropsy examination findings included enlarged pulmonary lymph nodes and extensive coalescing granulomatous lesions throughout both lungs. Histologic examination revealed numerous, spherical to ellipsoidal, mucicarmine-positive, 3- to 14-microm, encapsulated, budding cells consistent with C. neoformans. Culture of the lung tissue yielded colonies of C. neoformans. The isolate was urease positive and nitrate negative and exhibited phenoloxidase activity. It was positive on canavanine-glycine-bromothymol blue agar. When tested by the Iatron serodiagnostic reagent kit (Iatron Laboratories, Inc.), it was shown to belong to serotype B.
Descriptors: cryptococcosis, Cryptococcus neoformans isolation and purification, dolphins, lung diseases, fungal, cryptococcosis microbiology, Cryptococcus neoformans classification, fatal outcome, lung diseases, fungal microbiology.
Mitchell, E.D. (2005). What causes lesions in sperm whale bones? Science 308(5722): 631. ISSN: 0036-8075.
NAL Call Number: 470 Sci2
Descriptors: skeletal system, ecology, osteonecrosis, bone disease, the bends, diving pattern, sperm whale, lesions.
Mohamed, N.A.M., N.R.H. El Khatib, M.M. Husein, E.A.G. Ahmed, J.F.K. Abu Eassa, and N.S. Elias (2001). Field and laboratory investigation on the Escherchia coli as a causative agent of death in captive dolphin Turisops truncatus at Magic land, Egypt. Veterinary Medical Journal (Egypt) 49(1): 123-130. ISSN: 1110-1423.
Descriptors: dolphins, postmortem examination, bacteria, microbiological analysis, electrophoresis, diagnosis, histopathology, analytical methods, biological analysis, Cetacea, histocytological analysis, mammals, pathology.
Language of Text: English and Arabic summaries.
Moore, M.J. and G.A. Early (2005). What causes lesions in sperm whale bones? Response. Science 308(5722): 631-632. ISSN: 0036-8075.
NAL Call Number: 470 Sci2
Descriptors: skeletal system, ecology, spondyloarthropathy, immune system disease, joint disease, osteonecrosis, bone disease, human impact, sperm whale.
Moore, M.J. and G.A. Early (2004). Cumulative Sperm Whale Bone Damage and the Bends. Science 306(5705): 2215. ISSN: 0036-8075.
NAL Call Number: 470 Sci2
Descriptors: sperm whale, bends, bone damage, sonar systems, diving behavior, gas emboli.
Moutou, F. (1995). Les Morbillivirus, virus d' actualite. [Morbillivirus, a news item]. Point Veterinaire 27(168): 41-48. ISSN: 0335-4997.
Descriptors: Pinnipedia, dolphins, lions, horses, viroses, morbillivirus, epidemiology, carnivora, Cetacea, equidae, felidae, infectious diseases, mammals, paramyxoviridae, perissodactyla, viruses.
Language of Text: English and French summaries.
Muller, G., U. Siebert, A. Wunschmann, A. Artelt, and W. Baumgartner (2000). Immunohistological and serological investigation of morbillivirus infection in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the German Baltic and North Sea. Veterinary Microbiology 75(1): 17-25. ISSN: 0378-1135.
NAL Call Number: SF601.V44
Abstract: The role of morbillivirus infection as a cause of disease or death in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the German North and Baltic Sea was investigated by serology, histology and immunohistochemistry. Blood and tissue samples of lung, brain and lymph nodes from 74 stranded or by-caught harbour porpoises from German waters were collected between 1991 and 1997. According to dentinal growth layers and body length, animals were grouped into four age classes (neonates, 0-1, 1-4, 4-16 years of age). Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections were stained by hematoxylin and eosin (HE). Immunohistology was done in all lung tissues using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique and a polyclonal canine distemper virus (CDV) nucleoprotein-specific antibody, which cross-reacts with porpoise morbillivirus (PMV) antigen. A virus neutralization assay for detection of (Onderstepoort-strain) CDV- and PMV-specific antibodies was performed. Due to the cytotoxicity of some sera, only titres of 1:20 or greater were considered positive. PMV or CDV-specific neutralizing antibody titres were found in 88 and 50% of the animals, respectively. Titres were always highest against PMV indicating infection with a homologous porpoise virus strain. There were no significant differences in neutralizing antibody titres between animals of the different age groups. No histological lesions specific for morbillivirus infection were detected and by immunohistology all cases were negative for morbillivirus antigen. The absence of morbillivirus antigen and the lack of characteristic morbillivirus-specific lesions showed that morbillivirus infection was not a cause of death or illness in the investigated population. However, the high incidence of PMV-specific antibodies in all age groups indicated a continuous spread of infection with a morbillivirus among harbour porpoises from the German Baltic and North Sea.
Descriptors: morbillivirus isolation and purification, morbillivirus infections, porpoises virology, age factors, antibodies, viral blood, antigens, viral analysis, brain virology, germany epidemiology, immunohistochemistry, lung virology, lymph nodes virology, morbillivirus immunology, morbillivirus pathogenicity, morbillivirus infections blood, morbillivirus infections epidemiology, morbillivirus infections virology, neutralization tests, seroepidemiologic studies.
Muller, G., A. Wunschmann, W. Baumgartner, A. Birkun, A. Komakhidze, T. Stanev, and C.R. Joiris (2002). Immunohistological and serological investigations of morbillivirus infection in Black Sea harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena). Veterinary Microbiology 87(2): 183-190. ISSN: 0378-1135.
NAL Call Number: SF601.V44
Abstract: In the present study the occurrence of morbillivirus infection in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the Black Sea was investigated. Blood and tissue specimens of lung, brain and spleen from 73 stranded or by-caught harbour porpoises derived from the three Black Sea subregions such as Bulgaria, Georgia and Ukraine were collected between 1997 and 1999 and processed for histology, immunohistochemistry and serology. Age determination was performed according to dental growth layers and body length. The age of the investigated population ranged from neonates to a 12-year-old animal. Morbillivirus-specific neutralizing antibodies were detected in 53% of harbour porpoises. Generally, titres were very low and ranged from 20 to 270. There was no correlation between age, geographical origin and titre levels. The most common histological finding (97%) consisted of a mild to severe granulomatous bronchopneumonia due to lung worm infection. There were no changes indicative of a morbillivirus infection. Using immunohistology none of the animals were positive for morbillivirus antigen. However, the serological data are suggestive of a continuously circulating morbillivirus among harbour porpoises from the Black Sea indicating that harbour porpoises may serve as carriers for fatal diseases in susceptible cetacean species.
Descriptors: Phocoena, immunohistochemistry, Morbillivirus, genetic variation, immunology, lungs, brain, spleen, histopathology, age, disease reservoirs.
Muniz Pereira, L.C., J.J. Vicente, and D. Noronha (1999). Helminths parasites of whales in Brazil. Revista Brasileira De Zoologia 16(Suppl. 2): 249-252. ISSN: 0101-8175.
Descriptors: marine mammals, new geographic records, parasites, helminths, Bolbosoma, Tetrameridae, Notocotylidae, Campulidae, Polymorphidae, whales, Physeter catodon.
Munson, L., N. Calzada, S. Kennedy, and T.B. Sorensen (1998). Luteinized ovarian cysts in Mediterranean striped dolphins. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 34(3): 656-60. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Abstract: The morbillivirus epizootic during 1990 to 1992 in Mediterranean striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) off the Mediterranean coast of Spain diminished these populations directly through mortalities, and indirectly through loss of normal fecundity. High levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) also were detected in stranded animals. In addition to high numbers of abortions during the epidemic, unusual cystic structures were noted in the ovaries of several morbillivirus-infected dolphins with high PCB levels. These structures were identified as multiple luteinized cysts from their gross and histomorphologic characteristics. No morbillivirus antigens were detected in the lesions by immunohistochemistry. Because luteinized cysts occur when ovulation is impeded, either an effect of morbillivirus or PCB's on hypothalamic/pituitary function or an effect of PCB's on ovarian responsiveness are proposed as pathogenic mechanisms. These cysts may impede population recovery from the epidemic if similar cysts occurred on surviving dolphins.
Descriptors: dolphins, ovarian cysts, animal nutrition, luteinizing hormone metabolism, morbillivirus infections complications, morbillivirus infections, nutrition disorders complications, nutrition disorders, ovarian cysts etiology, ovarian cysts pathology, polychlorinated biphenyls adverse effects.
Murata, K., K. Mizuta, K. Imazu, F. Terasawa, M. Taki, and T. Endoh (2004). The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in wild and captive cetaceans from Japan. Journal of Parasitology 90(4): 896-898. ISSN: 0022-3395.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 J824
Descriptors: Cetacea, Toxoplasma gondii, toxoplasmosis, disease prevalence, seroprevalence, immunoglobulins, antibody detection, latex agglutination test, hemagglutination tests, wild animals, marine mammals, Japan, wild cetaceans, aquarium mammals.
Nakai, T., A. Shimada, T. Morita, M. Sawada, T. Kuramochi, H. Asaki, Y. Suwa, and K. Matsuzaki (2002). Clinical, parasitological and pathological examination of a white whale (Delphinapterus leucas) with chronic interstitial pneumonia. Japanese Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 7(2): 141-144. ISSN: 1342-6133.
Descriptors: clinical aspects, fibrosis, pathology, pneumonia, Delphinapterus leucas, Nematoda, Trematoda.
Nichols, O.C. and P.K. Hamilton (2004). Occurrence of the parasitic sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, on western North Atlantic right whales, Eubalaena glacialis. Environmental Biology of Fishes 71(4): 413-417. ISSN: 0378-1909.
NAL Call Number: QL614.E56
Abstract: Few data exist on the marine distribution and host organisms of the parasitic sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. Some observers have speculated that cetaceans serve as hosts for these fish based on scars, but few lamprey-cetacean interactions have been described in detail in the literature. Here we discuss 35 previously unreported records of sea lampreys that were observed while attached to western North Atlantic right whales, Eubalaena glacialis, during the period 1984-2002. Of these observations, 11 were photographically documented with images of sufficient quality to identify the lamprey as P. marinus based on morphological characteristics. The majority of the attachments were recorded in the Bay of Fundy during the summer months when P. marinus are preparing to spawn. It is unknown how lampreys might benefit from this association or what cost may be incurred by their right whale hosts. Feeding and transport are two possible reasons for the attachments.
Descriptors: Petromyzon marinus, mammalian hosts, Eubalaena glacialis, host parasite records.
Nielsen, O., A. Clavijo, and J.A. Boughen (2001). Serologic evidence of influenza A infection in marine mammals of arctic Canada. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 37(4): 820-5. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Abstract: A serologic survey of influenza A antibodies was undertaken on 1,611 blood samples from five species of marine mammals collected from Arctic Canada from 1984-98. Sampling was done in 24 locations throughout the Canadian Arctic encompassing Sachs Harbor (72 degrees N, 125 degrees W), Northwest Territories in the west to Loks Land (63 degrees N, 64 degrees W), Nunavut in the east, to Eureka (80 degrees N, 86 degrees W), Nunavut in the north to Sanikiluaq (56 degrees N, 79 degrees W), Nunavut in the south. A competitive ELISA using a monoclonal antibody (Mab) against influenza A nucleoprotein (NP) was used. Five of 418 (1.2%) belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) and 23 of 903 (2.5%) ringed seals (Phoca hispida) were serologically positive. None of the 210 walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus), 76 narwhals (Monodon monoceros) and four bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) had detectable antibodies to influenza A. Positive belugas were identified from communities on southeast Baffin Island while positive ringed seals came from communities in the eastern, western and high Arctic. Virus isolation attempts on lung tissue from a seropositive beluga were unsuccessful. We believe that influenza A infection in marine mammals is sporadic, the infection is probably self-limiting, and it may not be able to be maintained in these animals. Although the predominant hemagglutinin (H) type was not determined and therefore the pathogenicity of the strains to humans is unknown, the hunting and consumption of marine mammals by the Inuit, may put them at risk for influenza A infection.
Descriptors: antibodies, viral blood, influenza, influenza a virus immunology, seals, earless, walruses, whales, arctic regions epidemiology, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, influenza blood, influenza epidemiology, Northwest Territories epidemiology, nunavut epidemiology, seroepidemiologic studies.
Nielsen, O., R.E. Stewart, L. Measures, P. Duignan, and C. House (2000). A morbillivirus antibody survey of Atlantic walrus, narwhal and beluga in Canada. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 36(3): 508-17. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Abstract: A longitudinal serologic survey was conducted for morbillivirus antibodies in Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus), narwhal (Monodon monoceros), and beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) from the Northwest Territories, Nunavut and the St. Lawrence estuary (Canada). Sixty-five of 131 (50%) walruses sampled between 1984 and 1993 had detectable morbillivirus neutralizing antibodies. Positive walrus were identified from four of five Arctic sampling sites, to as far back as 1984. Prevalence of morbillivirus neutralizing antibodies in walruses from Foxe Basin ranged from a high of 76% (n = 21) in 1993 to a low of 22% (n = 28) in 1984. Limitations in sample acquisition may have produced underestimates for the 1984 data. There are no reports of clinical morbillivirus infection in walruses. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that a morbillivirus similar or identical to phocine distemper virus (PDV) has circulated among walrus populations of the eastern Canadian Arctic, at least since the early 1980s. No narwhal (n = 79) or beluga (n = 445) from Arctic waters were identified as having antibodies to dolphin morbilivirus (DMV) above the threshold serum dilution of log2 4. Also, none of the beach-cast cetacean carcasses (n = 28) from the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the St. Lawrence estuary were positive for antibodies to DMV. This indicates that Gulf of St. Lawrence, St. Lawrence estuary, and Arctic cetaceans either have not been exposed to DMV or an antigenically related morbillivirus, or are not susceptible to infection.
Descriptors: antibodies, viral blood, morbillivirus immunology, morbillivirus infections, walruses, whales, Arctic regions epidemiology, Canada epidemiology, longitudinal studies, morbillivirus infections epidemiology, neutralization tests, seroepidemiologic studies.
Norman, R.J. de B. (1997). Tetraphyllidean cysticerci in the peritoneal cavity of the common dolphin. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 33(4): 891-895. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: cysticerci, pathology, marine mammals, wild animals, case reports, parasites, helminths, Delphinus, Cestoda, common dolphin, peritoneal cavity.
Nutman, A.W. and E.J. Kirk (1988). Abnormalities in the axial skeleton of a Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 36(2): 91-92. ISSN: 0048-0169.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 N483
Abstract: Although Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus Gray, 1828, has a world-wide distribution, in New Zealand waters only 12 individuals (including those in five strandings) have been reported. None of the 12 is stated to have been malformed. We report the presence of abnormalities in the vertebral column and 13th ribs of a female Risso's dolphin found dead at Mahia, Hawkes Bay, on 28th October, 1987. The 305 kg cadaver was 2.85 metres long. We later estimated that had the vertebral column been normal, the animal's length would have been 3.10 metres. The cadaver had a bulbous head, four pairs of teeth on each side of the mandible, a large, caudally placed dorsal fin, a uniform gray coloration broken ventrally from caudal neck to anus by a clearly demarcated, symmetrical whitish-pink area of varying width and numerous longitudinal cuts approximately.
Descriptors: dolphins, bone diseases, animals, aquatic animals, aquatic mammals, aquatic organisms, Cetacea, diseases, injurious factors, ISSCAAP group b 63, ISSCAAP groups of species, mammals, organic diseases, vertebrates.
O'Connor, B. and J.M. Farinas Franco (2003). Conchoderma auritum (L.) (Cirripedia) recorded from a sperm whale Physeter catodon L. washed up at Claddaghduff, Co. Galway. Irish Naturalists' Journal 27(6): 236. ISSN: 0021-1311.
Descriptors: Conchoderma auritum, associations, Physeter catodon, record from decomposing associate jaw, north Atlantic, Republic of Ireland, County Galway, Claddaghduff, record from decomposing mammalian jaw.
O'Hara, T.M., C. House, J.A. House, R.S. Suydam, and J.C. George (1998). Viral serologic survey of bowhead whales in Alaska. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 34(1): 39-46. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: Balaena mysticetus, vesicular exanthema virus, San Miguel sealion virus, sex differences.
Ohishi, K., R. Zenitani, T. Bando, Y. Goto, K. Uchida, T. Maruyama, S. Yamamoto, N. Miyazaki, and Y. Fujise (2003). Pathological and serological evidence of Brucella-infection in baleen whales (Mysticeti) in the western North Pacific. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 26(2): 125-36. ISSN: 0147-9571.
NAL Call Number: QR180.C62
Abstract: Abnormal testes and uterus were observed in 13 males (33%) and one female (3%) out of 40 common minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) in the western North Pacific. Similar lesions were found in testis and ovary, respectively, in one male (2%) and female (2%) out of 43 Bryde's whales (Balaenoptera edeni) in the western North Pacific. Grossly, granular lesions with caseation and calcification were main pathological signs, and they were restricted to reproductive organs of mature whales. Chronic purulent or granulomatous orchitis was observed by microscopic analysis. Antibodies to Brucella species were detected in the serum samples of 15/40 (38%) of common minke whales and 4/43 (9%) of Bryde's whales. Neither pathological nor serological change was found in the examined sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in the western North Pacific and Antarctic minke whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis). These results strongly suggest that Brucella infection was involved in two species of baleen whales (Mysticeti) in the North Pacific.
Descriptors: brucella isolation and purification, brucellosis, whales microbiology, agglutination tests, Antarctic regions epidemiology, antibodies, bacterial blood, brucellosis epidemiology, brucellosis microbiology, histocytochemistry, Pacific Ocean, sexual maturation physiology, testis microbiology, testis pathology, uterus microbiology, uterus pathology.
Old, D.C., P.B. Crichton, A. Taylor, and H. Mather (2001). An attempt to identify the evolutionary origin of a novel serotype of Salmonella enterica isolated from harbour porpoises. Journal of Medical Microbiology 50(5): 415-20. ISSN: 0022-2615.
NAL Call Number: QR1.J62
Abstract: The isolation since 1991 of a new serotype of Salmonella enterica (antigenic formula 4,12:a:-) from harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) at post-mortem examination raised the question of its evolutionary origin. Representative strains of S. enterica serotype 4,12:a:- and strains of eight other serotypes of serogroup 04 with phase-1 flagellar antigen H 'a' were examined by EcoRI ribotyping, IS200 fingerprinting and PCR-based profiling. Statistical analysis of results of multiple typing showed that strains of Salmonella serotype 4,12:a:- were genetically distant from those of antigenically similar salmonella serotypes, none of which seemed likely to be the progenitor of the 'porpoise' serotype.
Descriptors: evolution, molecular, porpoises microbiology, Salmonella enterica genetics, DNA fingerprinting, DNA probes, DNA, bacterial genetics, phylogeny, rna, ribosomal genetics, Salmonella enterica classification, serotyping.
Oliver, G. and J.P. Trilles (2000). Crustaces parasites et epizoites du Cachalot, Physeter catodon Linnaeus, 1758 (Cetacea, Odontoceti), dans le Golfe du Lion (Mediterranee occidentale). [Crustacean parasites and epizoits of sperm-whale Physeter catodon Linnaeus, 1758 (Cetacea, Odontoceti), in west Mediterranean sea]. Parasite 7(4): 311-321. ISSN: 1252-607X.
NAL Call Number: QL757.P3737
Descriptors: ectoparasites, aquatic invertebrates, ultrastructure, Physeter catodon, Amphipoda, Cirripedia, sperm whale, stranded.
Olsen, M.A., A.S. Blix, T.H. Utsi, W. Sormo, and S.D. Mathiesen (2000). Chitinolytic bacteria in the minke whale forestomach. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 46(1): 85-94. ISSN: 0008-4166.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 C162
Abstract: Minke whales consume large amounts of pelagic crustaceans. Digestion of the prey is initiated by indigenous bacteria in a rumen-like forestomach system. A major structural component of the crustacean exoskeleton is chitin, the beta-1,4-linked polymer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. The exoskeletons appear to dissolve completely in the non-glandular forestomach. Bacteria in the forestomach fluid of six krill-eating minke whales were enumerated and isolated using an anaerobic habitat-simulating culture medium. Median viable population densities ranged between 6.0 x 10(6) and 9.9 x 10(9) bacterial cells per mL forestomach fluid. Bacterial isolates (n = 44) cultured from the forestomach fluid of one minke whale mainly resembled strains of Eubacterium (25%), Streptococcus (18%), Clostridium (14%), and Bacteroides (11%). As much as 12% of the bacterial isolates were chitinolytic, while beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity was demonstrated in 54% of the isolates, and utilisation of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine was observed in 73%. The chitinolytic isolates resembled strains of Bacteroides, Bacteroidaceae, Clostridium, and Streptococcus. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of partly digested krill from the minke whale forestomach revealed bacteria close to and inside the chitinous exoskeleton. The bacterial chitinase may act on the chitinous crustacean exoskeletons, thereby allowing other bacteria access to the nutritious soft inner tissues of the prey, and thus initiating its degradation and fermentation.
Descriptors: bacteria isolation and purification, chitin metabolism, stomach microbiology, whales microbiology, bacteria enzymology, bacteroidaceae enzymology, bacteroidaceae isolation and purification, chitinase metabolism, clostridium enzymology, clostridium isolation and purification, microscopy, electron, microscopy, electron, scanning, stomach ultrastructure, streptococcus enzymology, streptococcus isolation and purification.
Osterhaus, A.D.M.E., R.L. Swart de, H.W. Vos, P.S. Ross, M.J.H. Kenter, and T. Barrett (1995). Morbillivirus infections of aquatic mammals: newly identified members of the genus. Veterinary Microbiology 44(2-4): 219-227. ISSN: 0378-1135.
NAL Call Number: SF601.V44
Descriptors: seals, dolphins, porpoises, morbillivirus, water pollution, Western Europe, carnivora, Cetacea, Europe, mammals, paramyxoviridae, Pinnipedia, pollution, viruses.
Language of Text: English summary.
Osterhaus, A.D.M.E., I.K.G. Visser, M.F. van Bressem, M.W.G. Bildt van de, R.L. Swart de, C. Oervoll, and J.A. Raga. (1991). Prevalence of morbilliviruses among pinnipeds and cetaceans. The Pathogenesis of Viral Diseases. Molecular, Virological and Immunological Aspects. Abstracts Second Congress of the European Society for Veterinary Virology, 23-26 September 1991, Uppsala, Sweden, European Society for Veterinary Virology: Uppsala, Sweden, 103 p.
Descriptors: Pinnipedia, Cetacea, morbillivirus, epidemiology, vaccines, carnivora, mammals, paramyxoviridae, viruses.
Notes: Summary only.
Paggi, L., G. Nascetti, S.C. Webb, S. Mattiucci, R. Cianchi, and L. Bullini (1998). A new species of Anisakis Dujardin, 1845 (Nematoda, Anisakidae) from beaked whales (Ziphiidae): allozyme and morphological evidence. Systematic Parasitology 40(3): 161-174. ISSN: 0165-5752.
NAL Call Number: QL757.A1S9
Descriptors: new species, taxonomy, alloenzymes, morphology, marine mammals, wild animals, parasites, helminths, Anisakis, Cetacea.
Pain, S. (1990). Dolphin virus threatens last remaining monk seals. New Scientist 128(1741): 22.
NAL Call Number: 472 N42
Descriptors: seals, wild animals, viroses, morbillivirus, animals, carnivora, mammals, paramyxoviridae, Pinnipedia, viruses, wildlife.
Parsons, E.C., G.D. Bossart, and R.E. Kinoshita (1999). Postmortem findings in a finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides) calf stranded in Hong Kong. Veterinary Record 144(3): 75-6. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: bacterial infections, parasitic diseases, animal pathology, porpoises blood, porpoises microbiology, porpoises parasitology, autopsy, bacterial infections pathology, Hong Kong.
Parsons, E.C., R.M. Overstreet, and T.A. Jefferson (2001). Parasites from Indo-Pacific hump-backed dolphins (Sousa chinensis) and finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) stranded in Hong Kong. Veterinary Record 148(25): 776-80. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Abstract: Between 1993 and 1998, 28 Indo-Pacific hump-backed dolphins (Sousa chinensis) and 32 finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocoenoides) stranded in Hong Kong territorial waters were examined postmortem for parasites. The nematode Halocercus pingi was discovered in the lungs of one hump-backed dolphin and in 10 finless porpoises, typically within abscesses or granulomata, and they were frequently accompanied by a catarrhal exudate and lesions characteristic of pneumonia. Seven of the 10 finless porpoises were calves with substantial lungworm infections, and three were neonates with visible fetal folds and umbilical remnants, suggesting that H pingi is transferred to the neonate before birth or during lactation. Electron micrographs of H pingi should allow the nematode to be identified by other researchers. An ectoparasitic stalked barnacle (Xenobalanus globicipitis) was recovered from a finless porpoise, the first time that this species of barnacle has been recorded in Hong Kong's territorial waters.
Descriptors: dolphins parasitology, Nematoda isolation and purification, nematode infections, pneumonia, porpoises parasitology, Hong Kong, Nematoda ultrastructure, nematode infections parasitology, nematode infections pathology, pneumonia parasitology, pneumonia pathology, Thoracica classification.
Pascual, S. and E. Abollo (2005). Whaleworms as a tag to map zones of heavy-metal pollution. Trends in Parasitology 21(5): 204-6. ISSN: 1471-4922.
NAL Call Number: QL757.P374
Abstract: Biological monitoring refers to the use of living organisms to evaluate environmental conditions. Of particular relevance to the health of marine ecosystems is the improvement of methodologies of biological monitoring to provide highly ecologically sensitive indices of exposure. We have shown that anisakid nematodes, a parasite group widely distributed in oceans that infects a wide range of host species, can accumulate essential and non-essential metals to levels far in excess of their host tissues. The fact that they could be used as biomarkers of trace-metal contamination in studies of environmental impact suggests a potential use as a monitor species in a marine ecosystem under anthropogenic stress because they might produce a warning or alert signal of high ecological relevance.
Descriptors: anisakis chemistry, environmental monitoring methods, metals, heavy analysis, water pollution analysis, whales parasitology, anisakis metabolism, host parasite relations, life cycle stages, metals, heavy pharmacokinetics.
Perillo, A., N. Zizzo, N. Ungaro, A. Troncone, V. de Zio, and L. Rositani (2001). Patoliga dell'apparato respiratorio dei cetacei. [Pathologies of respiratory system in cetaceans]. Natura (Milan) 90(2): 133-143. ISSN: 0369-6243.
Descriptors: Cetacea, respiratory system, pathologies, diseases and disorders, mortality, Mediterranean Sea, Italy, Apulia, strandings, respiratory system pathologies.
Language of Text: Italian.
Perrett, L.L., C.E. Dawson, N. Davison, and S. Quinney (2004). Brucella infection of lungworms from a harbour porpoise. Veterinary Record 154(25): 800. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: brucella isolation and purification, brucellosis, nematoda parasitology, porpoises, animals, wild, brucellosis diagnosis, diagnosis, differential.
Pertoldi, C., M. Podesta, V. Loeschcke, S. Schandorff, L. Marsili, C. Mancusi, P. Nicolosi, and E. Randi (2000). Effect of the 1990 die-off in the northern Italian seas on the developmental stability of the striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba (Meyen, 1833). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 71(1): 61-70. ISSN: 0024-4066.
NAL Call Number: QH301.B56
Descriptors: mortality, marine mammals, Stenella coeruleoalba.
Pier, A.C., A.K. Takayama, and A.Y. Miyahara (1970). Cetacean nocardiosis. [Animal diseases]. Wildlife Disease Association Bulletin 6(2): 112-118.
Descriptors: animal diseases, Cetacean nocardiosis.
Plana Duran, J. (1991). Identification and characterization of the viruses of the epizootic in dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) on the Catalan littoral. The Pathogenesis of Viral Diseases. Molecular, Virological and Immunological Aspects. Abstracts. Second Congress of the European Society for Veterinary Virology, September 23, 1991-September 26, 1991, Uppsala, Sweden, European Society for Veterinary Virology. Uppsala ,Sweden, 105 p.
Descriptors: stenella, viroses, animal viruses, identification, Cetacea, dolphins, mammals.
Notes: Summary only.
Power, E. and S. Murphy (2002). Staphylococcus aureus septicaemia in a killer whale. Veterinary Record 150(26): 819. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: dolphins, septicemia, staphylococcal infections, Staphylococcus aureus isolation and purification, septicemia physiopathology, staphylococcal infections physiopathology.
Poynton, S.L., B.R. Whitaker, and A.B. Heinrich (2001). A novel trypanoplasm-like flagellate Jarrellia atramenti n. g., n. sp. (Kinetoplastida: Bodonidae) and ciliates from the blowhole of a stranded pygmy sperm whale Kogia breviceps (Physeteridae): morphology, life cycle and potential pathogenicity. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 44(3): 191-201. ISSN: 0177-5103.
Abstract: The successful 6 mo rehabilitation of a stranded juvenile pygmy sperm whale Kogia breviceps afforded the opportunity to study the poorly known protozoan fauna of the upper respiratory tract of cetaceans. Mucus samples were collected by holding either a petri dish or glass slides over the blowhole for 3 to 5 exhalations; preparations were examined as wet mounts, and then stained with Wrights-Giemsa or Gram stain. Blood smears were stained with Wrights-Giemsa. Unidentified spindle-shaped and unidentified broad ciliates, reported from the blowhole of the pygmy sperm whale for the first time, were seen only initially, while yeast-like organisms and bacteria were seen intermittently. Epithelial cells and white blood cells were often present in the blowhole mucus, but red blood cells were never seen. A novel trypanoplasm-like bodonid kinetoplastid biflagellate (Order Kinetoplastida) was commonly encountered in the blowhole mucus, but never in the blood. Both mature flagellates and those undergoing longitudinal binary fission were present. The elongate flagellate had a long whiplash anterior flagellum; the recurrent flagellum was attached along at least two-thirds of the body length, forming a prominent undulating membrane, and the trailing portion was short. The kinetoplast was irregularly fragmented. The flagellates were either free-swimming, or attached to host material via the free portion of the posterior flagellum. The prominent undulating membrane was characteristic of Trypanoplasma, while the fragmented kinetoplast was characteristic of some species of Cryptobia. For the novel bodonid kinetoplastid, with its unique combination of morphological features (prominent undulating membrane and fragmented kinetoplast), we propose the creation of a new genus Jarrellia. We believe this to be the first published description of a flagellate from a marine mammal, and among the first reports of a trypanoplasm-like flagellate from a warm-blooded host. We expect that a diversity of flagellates and ciliates are commonly present in the blowhole of cetaceans. Future studies on the identity of the protozoans and the health of their cetacean hosts, which are readily studied in captivity, are necessary to establish their status as commensals or parasites.
Descriptors: kinetoplastida isolation and purification, kinetoplastida pathogenicity, whales parasitology, host parasite relations, kinetoplastida classification, kinetoplastida physiology, life cycle stages, mucus parasitology.
Pratt Jr., H.L., J.G. Casey, and R.B. Conklin (1982). Observations on large white sharks, Carcharodon carcharias, off Long Island, New York Balaenoptera physalus, fin whale, feeding behavior, Dinemoura latifolia, parasites. U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service Marine Fishery Bulletin 80: 153-156.
NAL Call Number: 157.5 B87
Descriptors: New York, fin whale, feeding behavior, parasites, observations.
QR46.J6Swenshon, M., C. Lammler, and U. Siebert (1998). Identification and molecular characterization of beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated from harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) of the North and Baltic seas. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36(7): 1902-1906. ISSN: 0095-1137.
NAL Call Number: QR46.J6
Descriptors: identification, characterization, pulsed field electrophoresis, bacterial diseases, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Phocoena, harbour porpoises.
Raga, J.A. (1997). Parasitology of marine mammals. Bulletin De La Societe Royale Des Sciences De Liege 66(1-3): 67-90. ISSN: 0037-9565.
Abstract: The parasite of marine mammals has not yet received all the necessary attention. The aim of this review is to show the main metazoan parasites groups of marine mammals and their possible different origins. We focused in the biology of parasites, the host/parasite relationships and the parasitic diseases on Cetaceans, Sirenians and Pinnipeds. Also economic and public health importance of some helminths is indicated. The use of parasites in behavioural and populations studies of marine mammals using certain parasites as biological tags are showed. Finally, recent advances in the knowledge of parasite communities are presented.
Descriptors: aquatic mammals, parasites, parasitoses, cestoda, nematoda, trematoda, acanthocephala, insecta, acarina, crustacea, ecology, biology, symptoms, marking, aquatic animals, aquatic organisms, arachnida, aschelminthes, methods, platyhelminthes.
Language of Text: English summary.
Raga, J.A. (1985). Decouverte d' un cestode parasite encore non signale chez Lagenodelphis hosei (Fraser, 1956) (Cetacea, Delphinidae) [dauphin de Fraser]. [A parasite cestode not yet found in Lagenodelphis hosei (Fraser, 1956) (Cetacea, Delphinidae)]. Bulletin Du Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle Section a Zoologie Biologie Et Ecologie Animales 7(2): 415-418. ISSN: 0181-0626.
NAL Call Number: QL1.M83
Descriptors: dolphins, helminthoses, cestodes, identification, animals, aquatic animals, aquatic mammals, aquatic organisms, Cetacea, helminths, injurious factors, invertebrates, ISSCAAP group b 63, ISSCAAP groups of species, mammals, methods, noxious animals, parasitoses, pests, platyhelminthes, vertebrates.
Language of Text: French and English summaries.
Raga, J.A., J.A. Balbuena, J. Aznar, and M. Fernandez (1997). The impact of parasites on marine mammals: a review. Parasitologia 39(4): 293-6. ISSN: 0048-2951.
NAL Call Number: 436.8 P212
Abstract: The design and implementation of conservation plans for marine mammals is a matter of public concern. However, very little is known about the role of parasites in the dynamics of marine mammal populations. This is probably due to methodological constraints concerning sampling biases, poor knowledge of the biology of the hosts and parasites and difficulty and costy of experimental studies. However, current evidence supports the theory that parasites may regulate marine mammal populations. Crassicauda species in cetaceans and Uncinaria lucasi in pinnipeds seem good candidates as regulating agents. In addition, parasite-induced mass mortalities may be important in marine mammal populations. Well documented cases are the PDV virus which decimated the European common seal (Phoca vitulina) populations in 1988 and the Mediterranean striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) morbillivirus infection of 1990-1992. Due to the social organisation patterns of marine mammals it is possible that such die-offs occur at very low densities, representing a potential threat to endangered species like the Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus), the Hawaiian monk seal (M. schauinslandi) or the Finish Saimaa seal (Phoca hispida saimensis). It is concluded that parasites can play an important role in marine mammal populations not only at the ecological scale but at the evolutionary one too.
Descriptors: Cetacea parasitology, marine biology, parasitic diseases, animal epidemiology, Pinnipedia parasitology, host parasite relations, parasitic diseases, animal mortality, animal parasitology, periodicity, population dynamics.
Raga, J.A., E. Carbonell, A. Raduan, and C. Blanco (1985). Sobre la presencia de Pholeter gastrophilus (Kossack, 1910) (Trematoda: Troglotrematidae), en quistes estomacales de Tursiops truncatus y Stenella coeruleoalba (Cetacea: Delphinidae), en las costas espanolas del Mediterraneo. [About the presence of Pholeter gastrophilus (Kossack, 1910) (Trematoda: Troglotrematidae), in stomach cysts of Tursiops truncatus and Stenella coeruleoalba (Cetacea: Delphinidae) in Spanish Mediterranean coast]. Revista Iberica De Parasitologia 45(2): 123-128. ISSN: 0034-9623.
NAL Call Number: 436.8 R32
Descriptors: Tursiops, dolphins, trematodes, animal anatomy, Mediterranean Sea, Spain, stomach, digestive system diseases, anatomy, animal anatomy, animals, aquatic animals, aquatic mammals, aquatic organisms, Atlantic Ocean, body parts, Cetacea, digestive system, diseases, Europe, helminths, injurious factors, invertebrates, ISSCAAP group b 63, ISSCAAP groups of species, mammals, marine areas, noxious animals, organic diseases, pests, platyhelminthes, vertebrates, western Europe.
Language of Text: English and Spanish summaries.
Raga, J.A., J.P. Fernandez, E. Abril, and A. Aguilar (1986). Parasitofauna de Balaenoptera physalus (L., 1758) (Cetacea: Balaenopteridae) en las costas atlanticas espanolas, 2. Presencia de Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809, det. Krabbe, 1878) (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea). [Parasite fauna of Balaenoptera physalus (L., 1758) (Cetacea: Balaenopteridae) in the Spanish Atlantic coast, 2. Presence of Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809, det. Krabbe, 1878) (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea)]. Revista Iberica De Parasitologia 46(4): 403-408. ISSN: 0034-9623.
NAL Call Number: 436.8 R32
Abstract: Specimens of Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809, det. Krabbe, 1878) parasiting prestomach of Balaenoptera physalus in the Galician coasts are detected, giving the first record of this nematode in the Spanish helminthofauna. We proportionate the relations of this collection with the nutritional data in the fin whale.
Descriptors: Balaenoptera, nematodes, eastern central Atlantic, Spain, animals, aschelminthes, Atlantic Ocean, Cetacea, Europe, helminths, injurious factors, invertebrates, mammals, marine areas, noxious animals, pests, vertebrates, western Europe.
Language of Text: English and Spanish summaries.
Raga, J.A. and C. Sanpera (1986). Ectoparasitos y epizoitos de Balaenoptera physalus (L., 1758) en aguas Atlanticas Ibericas. [Ectoparasites and Epizoites of Balaenoptera physalus (L., 1758) in Atlantic Iberian waters]. Investigacion Pesquera 50(4): 489-498. ISSN: 0020-9953.
Abstract: A study has been made of the ectoparasitic and epizoic crustaceans on specimens of fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) caught in Galicia (Spain). Six species have been detected: Conchoderma auritum, C. virgatum, Xenobalanus globicipitis, Balaenophilus unisetus, Pennella balaenopterae and Cyamus balaenopterae. The frequency of occurrence of the crustaceans as well as their disposition on the host, and part of the life cycle of Cyamus balaenopterae in these waters are described.
Descriptors: Balaenoptera, parasites, crustacea, eastern central Atlantic, Spain, animals, aquatic animals, aquatic organisms, arthropods, Atlantic Ocean, biological competition, biological properties, Cetacea, Europe, invertebrates, mammals, marine areas, parasitism, vertebrates, western Europe.
Language of Text: English and Spanish summaries.
Reidarson, T.H., L.A. Griner, D. Pappagianis, and J. McBain (1998). Coccidioidomycosis in a bottlenose dolphin. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 34(3): 629-631. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: coccidioidomycosis, infections, generalized infections, postmortem examinations, case reports, Coccidioides immitis, dolphins.
Reidarson, T.H., J.H. Harrell, M.G. Rinaldi, and J. McBain (1998). Bronchoscopic and serologic diagnosis of Aspergillus fumigatus pulmonary infection in a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 29(4): 451-5. ISSN: 1042-7260.
NAL Call Number: SF601.J6
Abstract: A 4-yr-old male bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) developed an Aspergillus fumigatus pneumonia. Fungal elements were identified by cytology and microbiology from endoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage and brushings of a raised yellow endobronchial lesion. The results of qualitative immunodiffusion serology, a technique that identifies specific circulating antibodies to Aspergillus fumigatus, were suggestive of an active infection. The dolphin was treated with itraconazole for over 2 yr, which resulted in remission of clinical signs. Pneumonia caused by Aspergillus sp. accounts for the large majority of pulmonary mycoses in marine mammals. Bronchoscopy facilitated an early definitive diagnosis, accurate treatment, and remission.
Descriptors: antibodies, fungal blood, aspergillosis, Aspergillus fumigatus immunology, dolphins, lung diseases, fungal, amoxicillin potassium clavulanate combination therapeutic use, anti bacterial agents therapeutic use, antifungal agents therapeutic use, aspergillosis diagnosis, aspergillosis drug therapy, Aspergillus fumigatus isolation and purification, biopsy methods, biopsy, bronchi microbiology, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid microbiology, bronchoscopy, drug therapy, combination, itraconazole therapeutic use, lung diseases, fungal diagnosis, lung diseases, fungal drug therapy.
Reidarson, T.H., J. McBain, C. House, D.P. King, J.L. Stott, A. Krafft, J.K. Taubenberger, J. Heyning, and T.P. Lipscomb (1998). Morbillivirus infection in stranded common dolphins from the pacific ocean. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 34(4): 771-776. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: polymerase chain reaction, rehabilitation, virus neutralization, ELISA, histopathology, wild animals, viral diseases, Morbillivirus, dolphins.
Renner, M.S., R. Ewing, G.D. Bossart, and D. Harris (1999). Sublingual squamous cell carcinoma in an Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 30(4): 573-576. ISSN: 1042-7260.
NAL Call Number: SF601.J6
Descriptors: carcinoma, case reports, neoplasms, mouth diseases, Tursiops truncatus, dolphins.
Resendes, A.R., S. Almeria, J.P. Dubey, E. Obon, C. Juan Salles, E. Degollada, F. Alegre, O. Cabezon, S. Pont, and M. Domingo (2002). Disseminated toxoplasmosis in a Mediterranean pregnant Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) with transplacental fetal infection. Journal of Parasitology 88(5): 1029-32. ISSN: 0022-3395.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 J824
Abstract: Fatal disseminated toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in a Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) dam and its fetus on the basis of pathologic findings, immunohistochemistry, and structure of the parasite. The dolphin was stranded alive on the Spanish Mediterranean coast and died a few hours later. At necropsy the dam was in good condition. From the standpoint of pathology, however, it had generalized lymphadenomegaly and splenomegaly, enlargement of and multifocal hemorrhage in the adrenal glands, diffuse mucosal hemorrhage of the glandular and pyloric stomach, ulcerative glossitis and stomatitis, focal erosions and reddening of the laryngeal appendix, and severe paraotic sinusitis with intralesional nematodes Crassicauda grampicola. The dolphin was pregnant, most probably in the first gestational trimester. The most prominent microscopic lesions were multifocal granulomatous encephalomyelitis, diffuse subacute interstitial pneumonia, mild multifocal necrotizing hepatitis and nonsuppurative cholangiohepatitis, gastritis and adrenalitis, mild lymphoid depletion, medullary sinus and follicular histyocitosis, and systemic hemosiderosis. The fetus had foci of coagulative and lytic necrosis in the kidneys, the lung, and the heart. Most lesions were associated with tachyzoites and tissue cysts of Toxoplasma gondii. The diagnosis was confirmed immunohistochemically. This is the first report on toxoplasmosis in a Risso's dolphin (G. griseus) and on transplacental transmission to an early-stage fetus in any cetaceans.
Descriptors: dolphins parasitology, pregnancy complications, parasitic, toxoplasma growth and development, toxoplasmosis, animal parasitology, toxoplasmosis, congenital parasitology, fatal outcome, immunohistochemistry, pregnancy complications, parasitic parasitology, pregnancy complications, parasitic pathology, Spain, toxoplasmosis, animal pathology, toxoplasmosis, congenital pathology.
Resendes, A.R., C. Juan Salles, S. Almeria, N. Majo, M. Domingo, and J.P. Dubey (2002). Hepatic sarcocystosis in a striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) from the Spanish Mediterranean coast. Journal of Parasitology 88(1): 206-209. ISSN: 0022-3395.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 J824
Descriptors: Stenella coeruleoalba, sarcocystis, protozoal infections, liver, lesions, histopathology, schizonts, merozoites, morphology, ultrastructure, case reports, Spain, Mediterranean Sea, Sarcocystis canis.
Ridgway, S.H., L. Marino, and T.P. Lipscomb (2002). Description of a poorly differentiated carcinoma within the brainstem of a white whale (Delphinapterus leucas) from magnetic resonance images and histological analysis. Anatomical Record 268(4): 441-9. ISSN: 0003-276X.
Descriptors: brain stem pathology, brain stem neoplasms, carcinoma, magnetic resonance imaging, whales, brain stem neoplasms pathology, carcinoma pathology, imaging, three dimensional, magnetic resonance imaging methods.
Rima, B.K., A.M.J. Collin, and J.A.P. Earle (2005). Completion of the sequence of a cetacean morbillivirus and comparative analysis of the complete genome sequences of four morbilliviruses. Virus Genes 30(1): 113-119. ISSN: 0920-8569.
NAL Call Number: QH434.V57
Descriptors: infection, molecular genetics, biochemistry, morbillivirus, genome sequences, genetic techniques, comparative analysis, Cetacean.
Rima, B.K., R.G.A. Wishaupt, M.J. Welsh, and J.A.P. Earle (1995). The evolution of morbilliviruses: a comparison of nucleocapsid gene sequences including a porpoise morbillivirus. Veterinary Microbiology 44(2-4): 127-134. ISSN: 0378-1135.
NAL Call Number: SF601.V44
Descriptors: morbillivirus, proteins, genes, nucleotide sequence, evolution, cell structure, chromosomes, genomes, nucleus, paramyxoviridae, viruses.
Language of Text: English summary.
Robeck, T.R. and L.M. Dalton (2002). Saksenaea vasiformis and Apophysomyces elegans zygomycotic infections in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), a killer whale (Orcinus orca), and Pacific white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 33(4): 356-366. ISSN: 1042-7260.
NAL Call Number: SF601.J6
Descriptors: Lagenorhynchus obliquidens, Orcinus orca, Tursiops truncatus , treatment techniques, antifungal drug, fungal diseases, zygomycetes, case reports, captive animals.
Rokicki, J., B. Berland, and J. Wroblewski (1997). Helminths of the harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena (L.), in the southern Baltic. Acta Parasitologica 42(1): 36-39. ISSN: 1230-2821.
NAL Call Number: QL757.A27
Descriptors: wild animals, marine mammals, disease prevalence, helminths, parasites, Phocoena, Campulidae, nematoda.
Ross, H.M., G. Foster, R.J. Reid, K.L. Jahans, and A.P. MacMillan (1994). Brucella species infection in sea-mammals. [Correspondence]. Veterinary Record 134(14): 359.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: dolphins, seals, bacterioses, brucella, porpoises, aquatic mammals, Scotland, animals, aquatic animals, aquatic organisms, bacteria, British Isles, carnivora, Cetacea, Europe, Great Britain, infectious diseases, mammals, Pinnipedia, United Kingdom, Western Europe.
Ross, H.M., K.L. Jahans, A.P. MacMillan, R.J. Reid, P.M. Thompson, and G. Foster (1996). Brucella species infection in North Sea seal and cetacean populations. Veterinary Record 138(26): 647-648. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: Phoca vitulina, Phocoena, delphinus, brucella, phoca, phocidae, animal tissues, brucellosis, Phocoena Phocoena, Delphinus delphis, Phoca sibirica, Halichoerus grypus.
Rothschild, B.M. (2005). What causes lesions in sperm whale bones? Science 308(5722): 631-2; Author Reply 631-2. ISSN: 1095-9203.
NAL Call Number: 470 Sci2
Descriptors: bone and bones pathology, osteonecrosis, spondylarthropathies, whales, osteonecrosis pathology, spondylarthropathies pathology.
Notes: Comment On: Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2215.
Saliki, J.T., E.J. Cooper, and J.P. Gustavson (2002). Emerging morbillivirus infections of marine mammals: development of two diagnostic approaches. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 969: 51-9. ISSN: 0077-8923.
NAL Call Number: 500 N484
Abstract: In the last 13 years, four viruses belonging in the Morbillivirus genus of the Paramyxoviridae family have emerged as significant causes of disease and mortality in marine mammals. The viruses involved are canine distemper virus (CDV) in seals and polar bears, dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) and porpoise morbillivirus (PMV) in cetaceans, and phocine distemper virus (PDV) in pinnipeds. The two cetacean morbilliviruses (DMV and PMV) are now considered to be the same viral species, named cetacean morbillivirus (CMV). All three morbillivirus species (CDV, CMV, and PDV) are genetically and antigenically related and cross-react in various serological tests. The diagnosis of morbilliviral infections in marine mammal specimens poses two challenges. First, various marine mammal species can be infected by more than one closely related but distinct morbilliviruses, making definitive virus identification unattainable by classical virology methods. Second, standard immunological reagents such as anti-species conjugates are unavailable for most marine mammal species, rendering definitive serological diagnosis difficult by classical serological techniques. The objectives of this study were to develop two diagnostic approaches that alleviate these difficulties, providing simple, rapid, and cost-effective diagnostic methods. For nucleic acid detection, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and restriction endonuclease digestions were used to differentiate the three viruses. For antibody detection, a monoclonal antibody-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) was used on sera from several species, thus avoiding the need for multiple anti-species enzyme conjugates.
Descriptors: Cetacea virology, communicable diseases, emerging, morbillivirus infections, Pinnipedia virology, ursidae virology, antibodies, monoclonal immunology, antibodies, viral blood, antibodies, viral immunology, base sequence, communicable diseases, emerging diagnosis, DNA restriction enzymes metabolism, dolphins virology, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay methods, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, molecular sequence data, morbillivirus classification, morbillivirus genetics, morbillivirus immunology, morbillivirus infections diagnosis, rna, viral chemistry, rna, viral isolation and purification, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction methods, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, seals, earless virology, sensitivity and specificity, time factors.
Sanchez, J., L. Kuba, B. Beron Vera, S.L. Dans, E.A. Crespo, M.F. Van Bressem, M.A. Coscarella, N.A. Garcia, M.K. Alonso, S.N. Pedraza, and P.A. Mariotti (2002). Uterine adenocarcinoma with generalised metastasis in a bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus from northern Patagonia, Argentina. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 48(2): 155-9. ISSN: 0177-5103.
Abstract: An endometrial adenocarcinoma with areas of squamous differentiation and generalised metastasis was observed in a bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus stranded in northern Patagonia in July 1997. This is the second report of a uterine adenocarcinoma in a free-living cetacean and the first in a Delphinidae. This neoplasm likely compromised reproduction for several years. In addition, the dolphin presented tattoo-like skin lesions and its digestive tract was infested by Anisakis simplex, Pseudoterranova sp., Braunina cordiformis and Corynosoma australe.
Descriptors: adenocarcinoma, dolphins, endometrial neoplasms, adenocarcinoma complications, adenocarcinoma diagnosis, adenocarcinoma secondary, Argentina, endometrial neoplasms complications, endometrial neoplasms diagnosis, endometrial neoplasms pathology, parasitic diseases, animal complications, parasitic diseases, animal diagnosis, reproduction.
Santos, C.P., K. Rohde, R. Ramos, A.P. Di Beneditto, and L. Capistrano (1996). Helminths of cetaceans on the southeastern coast of Brazil. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 63(1): 149-152. ISSN: 1049-233X.
NAL Call Number: QL392.J68
Abstract: Seventy cetaceans accidentally captured in fishing nets in Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil) were dissected for parasites. Sotalia fluviatilis (Delphinidae) harbored Braunina cordiformis, Halocercus brasiliensis, and Anisakis typica. Tursiops truncatus (Delphinidae) was parasitized by Nasitrema sp. and B. cordiformis. Steno bredanensis (Delphinidae) had only B. cordiformis. Sotalia fluviatilis represents a new host record for Braunina cordiformis that is reported for the first time from Brazil. In an attempt to correlate these cetaceans' parasite infections with their food habits, a survey was made on fish of 20 species and Loligo sanpaulensis (Cephalopoda) from the same area. Only Bagre bagre, Macrodon ancylodon, and Nebris microps contained Anisakis sp. larvae, a parasite species infecting cetaceans. Lack of parasites in 42 Pontoporia blainvillei (Pontoporiidae) within our study area was probably related to the age of the hosts and differences in food habits between young and adults.
Descriptors: development, ecology, environmental sciences, marine ecology, ecology, environmental sciences, nutrition, parasitology, physiology, adult, food habits, larvae, new host record, parasite infection.
Saxena, S.K. and J.P. Singh (1982). A rare echinostome parasite, Ruffetrema indirae gen. nov. et sp. nov., (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) from a fresh water Indian dolphin. Revista Iberica De Parasitologia 42(4): 377-386. ISSN: 0034-9623.
NAL Call Number: 436.8 R32
Descriptors: India, Ruffetrema indirae, Trematoda, Platanista gangetica, host, Ruffetrema Trematoda.
Schulman, F.Y. and T.P. Lipscomb (1999). Dermatitis with invasive ciliated protozoa in dolphins that died during the 1987-1988 Atlantic bottlenose dolphin morbilliviral epizootic. Veterinary Pathology 36(2): 171-174. ISSN: 0300-9858.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 P27
Descriptors: protozoal infections, skin, skin diseases, dermatitis, epidemics, disease prevalence, skin lesions, pathology, histopathology, wild animals, marine mammals, epidemiology, mixed infections, parasites, dolphins, Morbillivirus, Tursiops truncatus, ciliates, Ciliophora, protozoa.
Schulman, F.Y., T.P. Lipscomb, D. Moffett, A.E. Krafft, J.H. Lichy, M.M. Tsai, J.K. Taubenberger, and S. Kennedy (1997). Histologic, immunohistochemical, and polymerase chain reaction studies of bottlenose dolphins from the 1987-1988 United States Atlantic Coast epizootic. Veterinary Pathology 34(4): 288-295. ISSN: 0300-9858.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 P27
Descriptors: outbreaks, pneumonia, polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, pathology, histopathology, lungs, lymph nodes, spleen, mycoses, ulcers, thymus gland, skin, tongue, oesophagus, liver, pancreas, digestive tract, bladder, oviducts, mammary glands, etiology, wild animals, viral diseases, Tursiops truncatus, morbillivirus, dolphins.
Secchi, E.R., L. Barcellos, A.N. Zerbini, and L. Dalla Rosa (2003). Biological observations on a dwarf minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata, caught in southern Brazilian waters, with a new record of prey for the species. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 2(2): 109-115. ISSN: 1676-7497.
Abstract: In the late austral spring, a 3.43m long immature male dwarf minke whale (Balaenoptera accutorostrata) was accidentally caught in a gillnet set in waters 143m deep, close to the continental slope off southern Brazil. A brief description of the specimen, including external measurements, colour patterns, reproductive status and skull measurements, is presented. The stomach was full of the euphausiid, Euphausia similis, and was heavily infested by anisakid nematode parasites. Euphausia similis is reported for the first time as a prey species for dwarf minke whales.
Descriptors: anisakis, pseudoterranova, mammalian hosts, Balaenoptera acutorostrata, south Atlantic, Brazil, recorded and prevalence, mammalian host.
SF997.5.M35C73 2001Dunn, J.L., J.D. Buck and T.R. Robeck (2001). Bacterial diseases of cetaceans and pinnipeds. In: L.A. Dierauf and F.M.D. Gulland (Editors), CRC Handbook of Marine Mammal Medicine, 2nd edition, CRC Press: Boca Raton; London, p. 309-335. ISBN: 0849308399.
NAL Call Number: SF997.5.M35C73 2001
Descriptors: Pinnipedia, Cetacea, literature review, bacterial diseases.
Shiromizu, H. and Y. Nomura (1997). Zygomycosis in respiratory system in two bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Japanese Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 2(1): 45-51. ISSN: 1342-6133.
Descriptors: case reports, diagnosis, granuloma, histopathology, respiratory system, zygomycosis, dolphins.
Shirouzu, H., R. Hatsushika, and T. Okino (1999). Morphological studies on the Diphyllobothriid tapeworms from killer whale, Orcinus orca (Linnaeus, 1758) and bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus (Montague, 1821). Japanese Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 4(1): 53-60. ISSN: 1342-6133.
Descriptors: diphyllobothriasis, morphology, zoo animals, case reports, wild animals, Diphyllobothrium, Tursiops truncatus, whales, Cetacea.
Shults, L.M. (1979). Ogmogaster antarcticus Johnston, 1931 (Trematoda: Notocotylidae) from the bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus L., at Barrow, Alaska. Canadian Journal of Zoology 57(6): 1347-1348.
NAL Call Number: 470 C16D
Descriptors: bowhead whale, trematoda, Ogmogaster antarcticus, Balaena mysticetus, Alaska.
Language of Text: French summary.
Shults, L.M., F.H. Fay, and J.D. Hall (1982). Helminths from Stejneger's beaked whale Mesoplodon stejnegeri and Risso's dolphin Grampus griseus in Alaska. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 49(1): 146-147. ISSN: 0018-0130.
Descriptors: Alaska, Crassicauda sp., Nematoda Mesoplodon stejnegeri host, Tetrabothrius forsteri Cestoda Mesoplodon stejnegeri host, Tetrabothrius sp., Cestoda Grampus griseus host.
Siebert, U., G. Muller, G. Desportes, R. Weiss, K. Hansen, and W. Baumgartner (2002). Pyogranulomatous myocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus septicaemia in two harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena). Veterinary Record 150(9): 273-7. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus septicaemia was diagnosed in a dead, stranded harbour porpoise from the German Baltic Sea and in a live harbour porpoise by-caught in inner Danish waters and taken into captivity. Lesions included pyogranulomatous myocarditis, necrotising suppurative bronchopneumonia, pyelonephritis, osteomyelitis and leptomeningitis, and abscesses in lymph nodes and skeletal muscles. The captive animal had fibrinous suppurative epicarditis and pyogranulomatous myocarditis with abscesses. In both animals the organism was suspected to have entered through skin lesions or via the respiratory tract.
Descriptors: myocarditis, porpoises, pyelonephritis, septicemia, staphylococcal infections, Staphylococcus aureus isolation and purification, myocarditis complications, myocarditis pathology, pyelonephritis complications, pyelonephritis pathology, septicemia complications, septicemia pathology, staphylococcal infections complications, staphylococcal infections pathology.
Simpson, V.R. (2000). Veterinary advances in the investigation of wildlife diseases in Britain. Research in Veterinary Science 69(1): 11-6. ISSN: 0034-5288.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 R312
Descriptors: animal diseases microbiology, animal diseases parasitology, animal diseases virology, animals, wild, Chiroptera, deer, foxes, Great Britain, hedgehogs, lagomorpha, otters, porpoises, rabbits, seals, earless.
Siquier, G.F. and A.E. Le Bas (2003). Morphometrical categorization of Phyllobothrium delphini (Cestoidea, Tetraphyllidea) cysts from Fraser's dolphin, Lagenodelphis hosei (Cetacea, Delphinidae). Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 2(2): 95-100. ISSN: 1676-7497.
Abstract: The larvae of phyllobothriid cestode worms found in marine mammals have been classified as either "delphinii group" or "grimaldii group". The first group has been divided into 11 morphotypes by previous studies. However, these categories are vague and often overlap, as they were described from different host species within a wide geographical range. The goal of this study is to simplify the categorization of larval shape and size based on samples obtained from a single host species. Eleven Fraser's dolphin Lagenodelphis hosei Fraser, 1956 stranded on the coast of Uruguay in November 2001 and subsequently died. From these animals, 190 cysts of Phyllobothrium delphini (Bosc, 1802) were obtained from the perigenital blubber of one female and one male. The prevalence of P. delphini was 18.18%, density was 159.38 larvae/kg of perigenital blubber, mean intensity was 95 and mean abundance was 17.27. The following measurements were taken: total length (BL), width and thickness of cysts, neck length (NL), scolex length, scolex width, external diameter of the suckers, and the ratio BL / NL. In order to facilitate further identification of these phyllobothriid cysts, they were grouped into three categories according to shape and size: category "A" (22.35%, neck always straight); category "B" (62.35%, all with curved neck); category "C" (15.30%, U-shaped or with projections from the wall of the cyst, also curved neck). These morphological differences could correlate to time spent in the host. One other larval form (Tetrabothrius sp.) was also found in the blubber of these dolphins.
Descriptors: Phyllobothrium delphini, size, mammalian hosts, Lagenodelphis hosei, south Atlantic, Uruguay, Santa Lucia River, cyst and body part morphometrics, mammalian host.
Stanton, J.B., C.C. Brown, S. Poet, T.P. Lipscomb, J. Saliki, and S. Frasca Jr. (2004). Retrospective differentiation of canine distemper virus and phocine distemper virus in phocids. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 40(1): 53-59. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Abstract: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from one Caspian seal (Phoca caspica), one harp seal (Phoca groenlandica), one hooded seal (Cystophora cristata), and one harbor seal (Phoca vitulina vitulina) were used to compare the utility of immunohistochemistry (IHC) versus that of a novel seminested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect and differentiate canine distemper virus (CDV) and phocine distemper virus (PDV). Four antibodies made against PDV were able to detect both viruses. Two antibodies made against cetacean morbillivirus (CMV) did not label antigens from either CDV or PDV A third anti-CMV antibody inconsistently stained CDV antigens but did not label PDV antigens. The seminested RT-PCR was able to detect RNA of the phosphoprotein gene in all positive cases. Nucleotide sequence analyses of seminested RT-PCR products were used to differentiate CDV RNA from PDV RNA. From these data, it was determined that IHC using antibodies generated against PDV provided a rapid means of detection for both CDV and PDV antigens; however, differentiation between CDV and PDV was achieved only with the RT-PCR assay.
Descriptors: Cystophora cristata, Phoca groenlandica, Phoca vitulina vitulina diagnostic techniques, viral diseases, phocine distemper virus and canine distemper virus, detection assays development and virus differentiation ability, north Atlantic, virual disease detection assays development and virus differentiation ability.
Stock, J.H. (1973). [Anoplura, Mallophaga]: Een bruinvis met luizen. [A porpoise with lice]. Levende Natuur 76(5): 107-109.
Descriptors: porpoise, lice, Cetacean.
Streitfeld, M.M. and C.G. Chapman (1976). Staphylococcus aureus infections of captive dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and oceanarium personnel [Bacterial diseases]. American Journal of Veterinary Research 37(3): 303-305. ISSN: 0002-9645.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Am3A
Descriptors: bacterial diseases, infections, dolphins, captive, personnel, oceanarium, Staphlococcus aureus, Tursiops truncatus.
Language of Text: English summary.
Sweeney, J.C. and S.H. Ridgway (1975). Common diseases of small cetaceans [Dolphins]. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 167(7): 533-540. ISSN: 0003-1488.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 AM3
Descriptors: small cetaceans, dolphins common diseases.
Swenshon, M. (1997). Identifizierung Und Weitergehende Charakterisierung Beta -Hamolysierender Streptokokken Isoliert Von Schweinswalen Aus Nord- Und Ostsee. [Identification and Properties of Beta-Haemolytic Streptococci From Common Porpoises (Phocoena Phocoena) From the North Sea and the Baltic Sea], 130 p.
Descriptors: wild animals, bacterial diseases, identification, characterization, Cetacea, Streptococcus, Phocoena.
Language of Text: German with English summary.
Szefer, P., J. Rokicki, K. Frelek, K. Skora, and M. Malinga (1998). Bioaccumulation of selected trace elements in lung nematodes, Pseudalius inflexus, of harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in a Polish zone of the Baltic Sea. Science of the Total Environment 220(1): 19-24. ISSN: 0048-9697.
Descriptors: cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, chromium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, iron, heavy metals, pollution, lungs, marine mammals, wild animals, contamination, water pollution, pollutants, metallic elements, lungworms, biological indicators, trace elements, metals, infections, parasites, helminths, Nematoda, Phocoena.
Takagi, M., T. Takahashi, T. Sawada, M. Muramatsu, and K. Seto (1987). Some properties of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae isolated from dolphins. Bulletin of the National Institute of Animal Health (90): 25-28. ISSN: 0388-2403.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 T572
Descriptors: dolphins, erysipelothrix, isolation, drugs, bacteriology, immunology, antibiotics, animals, antimicrobials, aquatic animals, aquatic mammals, aquatic organisms, bacteria, biology, Cetacea, drugs, ISSCAAP group b 63, ISSCAAP groups of species, mammals, methods, microbiology, vertebrates.
Language of Text: English summary.
Tantalean, M. and R. Cabrera (1999). Algunos helmintos de la marsopa espinosa, Phocoena spinipinnis de la Reserva Nacional de Paracas, Peru. [Some helminths of the porpoise, Phocoena spinipinnis, from the Paracas National Reserve, Peru]. Parasitologia Al Dia 23(1-2): 57-58. ISSN: 0716-0720.
Descriptors: helminths, males, females, coastal areas, stomach, marine mammals, lungs, sinuses, new geographic records, trematode infections, nematode infections, parasites, Digenea, Nematoda, Campulidae, Phocoena.
Tanyi, J. (1989). Influenzavirusok a termeszetben. 3. [Influenza viruses in the nature. 3. (horses; laboratory animals; whales; seals)]. Phylaxia Allatorvosi Kozlemenyek 25(2): 107-110. ISSN: 0238-0315.
Descriptors: horses, laboratory animals, whales, seals, influenzavirus, mortality, animals, aquatic animals, aquatic mammals, aquatic organisms, Cetacea, domestic animals, equidae, fur bearing animals, health, ISSCAAP group b 61, ISSCAAP group b 62, ISSCAAP group b 64, ISSCAAP groups of species, livestock, mammals, meat animals, oil producing animals, perissodactyla, Pinnipedia, vertebrates, viruses, vital statistics.
Tarpley, R.J., J.B. Gelderd, S. Bauserman, and S.H. Ridgway (1994). Dolphin peripheral visual pathway in chronic unilateral ocular atrophy: complete decussation apparent. Journal of Morphology 222(1): 91-102. ISSN: 0362-2525.
NAL Call Number: 444.8 J826
Abstract: Components of the peripheral visual pathway were examined in two bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, each with unilateral ocular degeneration and scarring of 3 or more years' duration. In both animals, the optic nerve associated with the blind eye (right eye in Tg419 and left eye in Tt038) had a translucent, gel-like appearance upon gross examination. This translucency was also evident in the optic tract contralateral to the affected eye. In Tg419, myelinated axons of varying diameters were apparent in the left optic nerve, whereas the right optic nerve, serving the blind eye, appeared to be devoid of axons. In Tt038, myelinated axons were associated with the right optic nerve (serving the functional eye) and left optic tract but were essentially absent in the left optic nerve and right optic tract. Examined by light microscopy in serial horizontal sections, the optic chiasm of Tt038 was arranged along its central plane in segregated, alternating pathways for the decussation of right and left optic nerve fibers. Ventral to this plane, the chiasm was comprised of fibers from the left optic nerve, whereas dorsal to the central plane, fibers derived from the right optic nerve. Because of this architectural arrangement, the right and left optic nerves grossly appeared to overlap as they crossed the optic chiasm with the right optic nerve coursing dorsally to the left optic nerve. At the light and electron microscopic levels, the optic nerves and tracts lacking axons were well vascularized and dominated by glial cell bodies and glial processes, an expression of the marked glial scarring associated with postinjury axonal degeneration. The apparent absence of axons in one of the optic tract pairs (right in Tt038 and left in Tg419) supports the concept of complete decussation of right and left optic nerve fibers at the optic chiasm in the bottlenose dolphin.
Descriptors: dolphins anatomy and histology, eye pathology, visual pathways pathology, animal diseases pathology, atrophy, chronic disease, visual pathways ultrastructure.
Taubenberger, J.K., M.M. Tsai, T.J. Atkin, T.G. Fanning, A.E. Krafft, R.B. Moeller, S.E. Kodsi, M.G. Mense, and T.P. Lipscomb (2000). Molecular genetic evidence of a novel morbillivirus in a long-finned pilot whale (Globicephalus melas). Emerging Infectious Diseases 6(1): 42-5. ISSN: 1080-6040.
NAL Call Number: RA648.5.E46
Abstract: A long-finned pilot whale with morbilliviral disease was stranded in New Jersey. An immunohistochemical stain demonstrated morbilliviral antigen. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for morbillivirus P and N genes was positive. Novel sequences most closely related to, but distinct from, those of dolphin and porpoise morbilliviruses suggest that this virus may represent a third member of the cetacean morbillivirus group.
Descriptors: morbillivirus genetics, whales virology, genes, viral, immunohistochemistry, morbillivirus infections pathology, morbillivirus infections, morbillivirus infections virology.
Taylor, D.C. (1994). Salmonella in an abscess [in a dolphin]. Veterinary Record 135(8): 192.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: dolphins, salmonellosis, salmonella, abscesses, United Kingdom, bacteria, bacterioses, British Isles, Cetacea, enterobacteriaceae, Europe, infectious diseases, mammals, Western Europe, zoonoses.
Terasawa, F., Y. Kataoka, T. Sawada, K. Takahashi, M. Kitamura, and A. Fujimoto (2001). Two cases of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae serotype 2 infection in bottlenose dolphins. Japanese Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 6(2): 67-71. ISSN: 1342-6133.
Descriptors: case reports, clinical aspects, doxycycline, dolphins, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Tursiops truncatus.
Thompson, P.M. and P.S. Hammond (1992). The use of photography to monitor dermal disease in wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Ambio 21(2): 135-137. ISSN: 0044-7447.
NAL Call Number: QH540.A52
Descriptors: Tursiops, skin diseases, disease surveillance, photography, North Sea, sea pollution, monitoring, Atlantic Ocean, Cetacea, dolphins, eastern Atlantic, epidemiology, mammals, marine areas, north Atlantic, northeast Atlantic, organic diseases, pollution, water pollution.
Language of Text: French and English summaries.
Troncone, A., N. Zizzo, G. Colella, A. Perillo, and M.T. Manfredi (1994). Parassitosi dei delfini. Incidenza di infestazioni parassitarie in delfini "spiaggiati". [Parasitoses of dolphins. Prevalence of parasitic infections in stranded dolphins]. Obiettivi e Documenti Veterinari 15(12): 39-44. ISSN: 0392-1913.
Descriptors: parasitoses, parasites, helminths, Copepoda, dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, Stenella coeruleoalba, cestoda, digenea, tetrameridae, heterophyidae, campulidae, Pennella, Anisakis, Diphyllobothrium.
Trudgett, A., C. Lyons, M.J. Welsh, N. Duffy, S.J. McCullough, and F. McNeilly (1991). Analysis of a seal and a porpoise morbillivirus using monoclonal antibodies. Veterinary Record 128(3): 61. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: morbillivirus, monoclonal antibodies, porpoise, seal.
Tryland, M., L. Kleivane, A. Alfredsson, M. Kjeld, A. Arnason, S. Stuen, and J. Godfroid (1999). Evidence of Brucella infection in marine mammals in the North Atlantic Ocean. Veterinary Record 144(21): 588-592. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: whales, seals, brucella, antibody testing, seroprevalence, Atlantic Ocean.
Tsur, I., B. Yakobson, D. Elad, D. Moffett, and S. Kennedy (1997). Morbillivirus infection in a bottlenose dolphin from the Mediterranean Sea. European Journal of Veterinary Pathology 3(2): 83-85. ISSN: 1124-5352.
NAL Call Number: SF769.E76
Descriptors: dolphins, Morbillivirus, immunohistochemistry, brain, encephalitis, cytoplasm, neurons, antigens, case studies, Mediterranean Sea, nuclei, lesions, infections.
Turnbull, B.S. and D.F. Cowan (1999). Angiomatosis, a newly recognized disease in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Gulf of Mexico. Veterinary Pathology 36(1): 28-34. ISSN: 0300-9858.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 P27
Descriptors: wild animals, lungs, blood vessels, lymph nodes, respiratory diseases, vascular diseases, neoplasms, angioma, pathology, dolphins, Tursiops truncatus.
Turnbull, B.S. and D.F. Cowan (1999). Synovial joint disease in wild cetaceans. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 35(3): 511-8. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Abstract: During necropsy of cetaceans stranded or accidentally net-captured along the western coast of the Gulf of Mexico from 1991 to 1996, we found 13 of 59 (22%) animals had abnormalities of the atlanto-occipital and/or humeroscapular joints, the synovial joints. A few cases demonstrated mild roughening of the articular cartilage, while the majority exhibited complete erosion with thickened synovium and bony proliferation. The lesions resulted in ankylosis of both joints in one animal. In humans and terrestrial mammals, synovial joint diseases are known to be debilitating. Cetaceans depend on neck and flipper movement for locomotion, feeding, avoiding danger, and reaching the water's surface for breathing. Therefore, synovial joint disease may be significant mortality factor in these marine animals.
Descriptors: Cetacea, joint diseases, synovial membrane pathology, atlanto occipital joint pathology, cartilage, articular pathology, joint diseases epidemiology, joint diseases pathology, shoulder joint pathology.
Uchida, A. and J. Araki (2000). The ectoparasites and endoparasites in the minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata from the western north Pacific Ocean. Journal of the Japanese Veterinary Medical Association 53(2): 85-88. ISSN: 0446-6454.
Descriptors: whales, parasites, Northwest Pacific, surveys, Cetacea, mammals, marine areas, North Pacific, Pacific Ocean, Western Pacific.
Language of Text: English and Japanese summaries.
Uchida, K., M. Muranaka, Y. Horii, N. Murakami, R. Yamaguchi, and S. Tateyama (1999). Non-purulent meningoencephalomyelitis of a Pacific striped dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens): The first evidence of morbillivirus infection in a dolphin at the Pacific ocean around Japan. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science 61(2): 159-162. ISSN: 0916-7250.
NAL Call Number: SF604.J342
Abstract: On March 22, 1998, a mature, male hyposthenic Pacific striped dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) was stranded at Aoshima Beach in Miyazaki prefecture, Japan.A necropsy performed 14 hr after death revealed mild diffuse congestion and edema of the leptomeninges and mild pulmonary atelectasis.Histopathologically, non-purulent inflammatory were observed throughout the cerebrum, thalamus, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, and spinal cord.Hematoxylin and eosin stain revealed no viral inclusion bodies.Immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody against nucleoprotein of canine distemper virus (CDV-NP) revealed a number of CDV-NP-positive granular deposits in the cytoplasm and cell processes of the degenerating or intact neurons.The present paper is a first report of spontaneously occurred morbillivirus infection in a dolphin at the Pacific Ocean around Japan.
Descriptors: dolphins, encephalitis, meningitis, morbillivirus, infection, Pacific Ocean, Japan, Asia, Cetacea, disease transmission, East Asia, mammals, marine areas, nervous system diseases, organic diseases, paramyxoviridae, pathogenesis, viruses.
Language of Text: English summary.
Ugland, K.I., E. Stromnes, B. Berland, and P.E. Aspholm (2004). Growth, fecundity and sex ratio of adult whaleworm (Anisakis simplex; Nematoda, Ascaridoidea, Anisakidae) in three whale species from the North-East Atlantic. Parasitology Research 92(6): 484-489. ISSN: 0932-0113.
NAL Call Number: QL757.P377
Abstract: The growth rate, fecundity, and sex ratio of Anisakis simplex in minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) and long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) was studied on the basis of material from the North Atlantic. A total of 8,135 mature A. simplex were collected from 24 minke whales, 11 porpoises and eight pilot whales. For both males and females, the prevalence was 100% for all three host species, with a mean intensity of 1,727, 262 and 139, respectively. The mean body length of adult female A. simplex was 126 mm in minke whales, 71 mm in the porpoises and 73 mm in pilot whales; and for males the averages were, respectively, 106 mm, 57 mm and 68 mm. Eggs from the uteri of 32 females of length 87-176 mm collected in minke whale stomachs were counted in a Fuchs-Rosenthal chamber. Total egg production was measured in 14 females cultivated at sea. The female growth period was estimated to be 30-60 days, and apparently all eggs were shed during the last week of life. A female of size 150 mm produces approximately 1.5 million eggs. In the cultivation experiment, about 85% of the total egg production was shed during the first 3 days after spawning started.
Descriptors: Anisakis simplex, size, body size, fecundity, egg number, growth rate, mammalian hosts, Cetacea, fecundity and sex ratio, north Atlantic, Norway, Nordland, parasite growth, fecundity and sex ratio in mammalian hosts.
Van Bressem, M.F., R. Gaspar, and F.J. Aznar (2003). Epidemiology of tattoo skin disease in bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus from the Sado estuary, Portugal. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 56(2): 171-9. ISSN: 0177-5103.
Abstract: We report on the epidemiology of tattoo disease in a community of bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus from the Sado estuary, Portugal. The presence of tattoos (T++) and tattoo-like (T+) lesions was examined in 586 photographic records of 35 dolphins taken from 1994 to 1997. Images were rated into 3 categories: good (GI), average (AI) and poor (PI). Dolphins positive for T++ lesions were observed in 19 GI. Dolphins with T+ lesions were seen in 39 GI, 23 AI and 6 PI. For statistical analysis the dolphins were divided into 2 age classes (immature and adult) and the data grouped into 2 periods (1994-1995 and 1996-1997). Minimum prevalence of T++ lesions in 32 dolphins was 21.9% in 1994-1995 and 15.6% in 1996-1997. Variation in prevalence of tattoo disease between the 2 age classes was examined for each period, excluding animals with T+ lesions or considering them either positive or negative for tattoos. Prevalence of the disease was significantly higher in immature dolphins than in adults during both periods, except in the first one when T+ lesions were considered as true tattoos. Temporal variation in prevalence of tattoo disease was examined in 23 adults. Prevalence was significantly higher in 1994-1995 (39.1%) than in 1996-1997 (17.4%). Differences in the number and quality of pictures did not cause significant biases that could have favoured the detection of lesions between age classes or periods. Minimal persistence of the disease ranged between 3 and 45.5 mo. The lesions converted into light grey marks when healing, but may recur. The presence of very large lesions in 2 adult dolphins affected for years may be related to the contamination of the estuary. The high prevalence of the disease, its long persistence, as well as higher frequency in immature individuals, suggest that it is endemic in bottlenose dolphins from the Sado estuary. The contribution of tattoo disease to the decline of this community should be investigated. Three of the 5 dolphins that died during this study had T++ and T+ lesions.
Descriptors: animal diseases pathology, dolphins physiology, poxviridae infections, skin diseases, viral, age factors, dolphins virology, Portugal, poxviridae infections pathology, skin diseases, viral pathology.
Van Bressem, M.F., R.A. Kastelein, P. Flamant, and G. Orth (1999). Cutaneous papillomavirus infection in a harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) from the North Sea. Veterinary Record 144(21): 592-593. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: Phocoena, papillomavirus, warts, skin diseases, case reports, North Sea, harbour porpoise.
Van Bressem, M.F., K. Van Waerebeek, M. Fleming, and T. Barrett (1998). Serological evidence of morbillivirus infection in small cetaceans from the Southeast Pacific. Veterinary Microbiology 59(2-3): 89-98. ISSN: 0378-1135.
NAL Call Number: SF601.V44
Descriptors: Cetacea, morbillivirus, immunology, elisa, antibodies, neutralization tests, immune serum, Southeast Pacific, Eastern Pacific, immunoenzyme techniques, immunological factors, immunological techniques, mammals, marine areas, Pacific Ocean, paramyxoviridae, South Pacific, viruses.
Language of Text: English summary.
Van Bressem, M.F., K. van Waerebeek, P.D. Jepson, J.A. Raga, P.J. Duignan, O. Nielsen, A.P. Di Beneditto, S. Siciliano, R. Ramos, and W. Kant (2001). An insight into the epidemiology of dolphin morbillivirus worldwide. Veterinary Microbiology 81(4): 287-304. ISSN: 0378-1135.
NAL Call Number: SF601.V44
Abstract: Serum samples from 288 cetaceans representing 25 species and originating from 11 different countries were collected between 1995 and 1999 and examined for the presence of dolphin morbillivirus (DMV)-specific antibodies by an indirect ELISA (iELISA) (N = 267) or a plaque reduction assay (N = 21). A total of 35 odontocetes were seropositive: three harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) and a common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) from the Northeastern (NE) Atlantic, a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) from Kent (England), three striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba), two Risso's dolphins (Grampus griseus) and a bottlenose dolphin from the Mediterranean Sea, one common dolphin from the Southwest (SW) Indian Ocean, three Fraser's dolphins (Lagenodelphis hosei) from the SW Atlantic, 18 long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) and a bottlenose dolphin from the SW Pacific as well as a captive bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) originally from Taiwan. The presence of morbillivirus antibodies in 17 of these animals was further examined in other iELISAs and virus neutralization tests. Our results indicate that DMV infects cetaceans worldwide. This is the first report of DMV-seropositive animals from the SW Indian, SW Atlantic and West Pacific Oceans. Prevalence of DMV seropositives was 85.7% in 21 pilot whales from the SW Pacific and both sexually mature and immature individuals were infected. This indicates that DMV is endemic in these animals. The same situation may occur among Fraser's dolphins from the SW Atlantic. The prevalence of DMV seropositives was 5.26% and 5.36% in 19 common dolphins and 56 harbour porpoise from the NE Atlantic, respectively, and 18.75%. in 16 striped dolphins from the Mediterranean. Prevalence varied significantly with sexual maturity in harbour porpoises and striped dolphins; all DMV seropositives being mature animals. The prevalence of seropositive harbour porpoise and striped dolphins appeared to have decreased since previous studies. These data suggest that DMV is not endemic within these populations, that they are losing their humoral immunity against the virus and that they may be vulnerable to new epidemics.
Descriptors: dolphins, morbillivirus, epidemiology, elisa, antibodies, serological surveys, incidence, geographical distribution, age differences, disease prevalence, world, sexual maturity, humoral immunity.
Van Bressem, M.F., K. Van Waerebeek, and J.A. Raga (1999). A review of virus infections of cetaceans and the potential impact of morbilliviruses, poxviruses and papillomaviruses on host population dynamics. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 38(1): 53-65. ISSN: 0177-5103.
Descriptors: population dynamics, viral diseases, reviews, Papillomavirus, Poxviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Herpesviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Caliciviridae, Hepadnaviridae, Adenoviridae, Cetacea, Papovaviridae, viruses, review.
Van Bressem, M.F., K. Van Waerebeek, J.A. Raga, J. Godfroid, S.D. Brew, and A.P. MacMillan (2001). Serological evidence of Brucella species infection in odontocetes from the south Pacific and the Mediterranean. Veterinary Record 148(21): 657-61. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Abstract: Sera from 58 odontocetes taken in fisheries off Peru in 1993 to 1995 and from 24 cetaceans stranded along the Spanish coast of the Mediterranean in 1997 to 1999 were tested for the presence of Brucella species antibodies in competitive and indirect ELISAS (cELISA and iELISA). Among the animals from Peru, 21 of 27 (77.8 per cent) Lagenorhynchus obscurus, three of six Delphinus capensis, one of two inshore and two of three offshore Tursiops truncatus and five of 20 (25 per cent) Phocoena spinipinnis were positive in the cELISA. Brucella species antibodies were also observed in two of 16 (12.5 per cent) Stenella coeruleoalba and in one of two Ttruncatus from the Mediterranean. These data provide the first evidence for the presence of cetacean brucellae in the south Pacific Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.
Descriptors: antibodies, bacterial blood, brucella immunology, brucellosis, Cetacea, brucellosis epidemiology, brucellosis immunology, dolphins, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, fisheries, Mediterranean region epidemiology, Mediterranean Sea, Pacific Ocean, Peru epidemiology, porpoises, seroepidemiologic studies, whales.
Van Bressem, M.F., K. Van Waerebeek, U. Siebert, A. Wunschmann, L. Chavez Lisambart, and J.C. Reyes (2000). Genital diseases in the Peruvian dusky dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus). Journal of Comparative Pathology 122(4): 266-277. ISSN: 0021-9975.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 J82
Descriptors: Lagenorhynchus, male genital diseases, female genital diseases, lesions, Peru.
Van Bressem, M.F., I.K.G. Visser, M.W.G. Bildt van de, J.S. Teppema, J.A. Raga, and A.D.M.E. Osterhaus (1991). Morbillivirus infection in Mediterranean striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba). Veterinary Record 129(21): 471-472. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: Stenella coeruleoalba, morbillivirus, case reports, Spain, striped dolphins.
Van Bressem, M.F., I.K.G. Visser, R.L. Swart de, C. Orvell, L. Stanzani, E. Androukaki, K. Siakavara, and A.D.M.E. Osterhaus (1993). Dolphin morbillivirus infection in different parts of the Mediterranean sea. Archives of Virology 129(1-4): 235-242. ISSN: 0304-8608.
NAL Call Number: 448.3 Ar23
Abstract: Morbillivirus were isolated from Mediterranean striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) dying along the coasts of Italy and Greece in 1991.They were antigenically identical to the morbillivirusesisolated from striped dolphins in Spain in 1990.
Descriptors: Stenella coeruleoalba, morbillivirus, Mediterranean Sea, dolphin, infection, dying, Greece, Italy, Spain.
Vegni Talluri, M. (1982). Campula rochebruni (Poirier, 1886) Bittner e Sprehn, 1928, (Trematoda, Campulidae), parassita dei dotti biliari di Stenella coeruleoalba (Meyen, 1883) (Odontoceti, Delphinidae) del Mar Mediterraneo.: Campula rochebruni (Poirier, 1886) Bittner e Sprehn, 1928, (Trematoda, Campulidae), parassita dei dotti biliari di Stenella coeruleoalba (Meyen, 1883) (Odontoceti, Delphinidae) del Mar Mediterraneo. [Campula rochebruni (Poirier, 1886) Bittner and Sprehn, 1928 (Trematoda, Campulidae), parasite of the biliary duct of Stenella coeruleoalba (Meyen, 1883) (Odontoceti, Delphinidae) in the Mediterranean Sea]. Parassitologia 24(2-3): 177-184. ISSN: 0048-2951.
NAL Call Number: 436.8 P212
Descriptors: Campulidae, morphology, dolphins, Mediterranean Sea.
Verger, J.M., M. Grayon, A. Cloeckaert, M. Lefevre, E. Ageron, and F. Grimont (2000). Classification of Brucella strains isolated from marine mammals using DNA-DNA hybridization and ribotyping. Research in Microbiology 151(9): 797-9. ISSN: 0923-2508.
NAL Call Number: QR1.A55
Abstract: DNA-DNA hybridization showed that the Brucella strains recently isolated from marine mammals belong to the monospecific genus Brucella (more than 77% DNA relatedness). Ribotyping (HindIII rDNA restriction patterns) showed that they may represent a separate subgroup (marine type) specifically associated with marine mammals.
Descriptors: Brucella classification, Brucella isolation and purification, seawater, deoxyribonuclease hindIII metabolism, dolphins microbiology, mammals microbiology, nucleic acid hybridization, porpoises microbiology, ribotyping, seals, earless microbiology.
Visser, I.K.G., M.F. Van Bressem, M.W.G. Bildt van de, J. Groen, C. Oervell, J.A. Raga, and A.D.M.E. Osterhaus (1993). Prevalence des infections a morbillivirus chez les pinnipedes et les cetaces. Prevalencia de los morbillivirus en las especies de pinnipedos y cetaceos. [Prevalence of morbilliviruses among pinniped and cetacean species]. Revue Scientifique Et Technique De L'Oie 12(1): 197-202. ISSN: 0253-1933.
NAL Call Number: SF781.R4
Descriptors: dolphins, porpoises, seals, viroses, morbillivirus, disease surveillance, northeast Atlantic, Atlantic Ocean, carnivora, Cetacea, eastern Atlantic, epidemiology, mammals, marine areas, north Atlantic, paramyxoviridae, Pinnipedia, viruses.
Language of Text: English, French and Spanish summaries.
Visser, I.K.G., M.F. Van Bressem, R.L. Swart de, M.W.G. Bildt van de, H.W. Vos, R.W.J. Van der Heijden, J.T. Saliki, C. Orvell, P. Kitching, T. Kuiken, T. Barrett, and A.D.M.E. Osterhaus (1993). Characterization of morbilliviruses isolated from dolphins and porpoises in Europe. Journal of General Virology 74(4): 631-641.
NAL Call Number: QR360.A1J6
Descriptors: cattle, dogs, infection, in vivo experimentation, immunization, morbillivirus, dolphins, taxonomy, porpoises, artiodactyla, bovidae, bovinae, canidae, carnivora, Cetacea, disease control, disease transmission, domestic animals, experimentation, immunostimulation, immunotherapy, livestock, mammals, paramyxoviridae, pathogenesis, ruminants, therapy, useful animals, viruses.
Visser, I.K.G., M.F. Van Bressen, T. Barrett, and A.D.M.E. Osterhaus (1993). Infections des mammiferes aquatiques dues a des morbillivirus. [Morbillivirus infections in aquatic mammals]. Veterinary Research 24(2): 169-178. ISSN: 0928-4249.
NAL Call Number: SF602.A5
Descriptors: seals, porpoises, dolphins, viroses, morbillivirus, morbidity, epidemiology, carnivora, Cetacea, epidemiology, mammals, paramyxoviridae, Pinnipedia, viruses.
Language of Text: English and French summaries.
Wallach, J.D. (1970). Nutritional diseases of exotic animals. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 157(5): 583-99. ISSN: 0003-1488.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Am3
Descriptors: animals, zoo, deficiency diseases, animal feed, ascorbic acid deficiency, avitaminosis, bird diseases pathology, calcium, Carnivora, cats, deficiency diseases pathology, dietary fats, dietary proteins, dolphins, elephants, infertility, iodine, lipids, manganese, protein deficiency, snakes, thiamine deficiency pathology, thiamine deficiency, vitamin A deficiency pathology, vitamin A deficiency, vitamin B deficiency pathology, vitamin B deficiency, vitamin D deficiency, vitamin E deficiency pathology, vitamin E deficiency, zinc.
Watson, A., R.J. Bahr, and J.W. Alexander (2004). Thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis and compression fracture of a thoracic vertebra in a captive bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Aquatic Mammals 30(2): 275-278. ISSN: 0167-5427.
Abstract: A captive-born, 7-year-old male bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) suddenly acquired a dorsal hump at the cranial base of its dorsal fin. Subsequent clinical signs or swimming abnormalities were not observed and one year later it died suddenly. Necropsy revealed chronic cholangiohepatitis and lymphadenitis suggestive of a viral infection, with kyphoscoliosis centered on an old malunion compression fracture of the 12th thoracic vertebra associated with moderate bony proliferation, fusion, and lysis of this and adjacent vertebrae. Possible causes of fractures, particularly conspecific aggression, and the remarkable functional longevity of dolphins with vertebral malformations are discussed.
Descriptors: Tursiops truncatus, vertebral column, thoracic vertebra, injuries, thoracic vertebra compression fracture, thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis.
Wazura, K.W., J.T. Strong, C.L. Glenn, and A.O. Bush (1986). Helminths of the beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) from the Mackenzie River Delta, Northwest Territories. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 22(3): 440-442. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: whales, helminthoses, Canadian Northwest Territories, beluga.
Wilson, B., H. Arnold, G. Bearzi, C.M. Fortuna, R. Gaspar, S. Ingram, C. Liret, S. Pribanic, A.J. Read, V. Ridoux, K. Schneider, K.W. Urian, R.S. Wells, C. Wood, P.M. Thompson, and P.S. Hammond (1999). Epidermal diseases in bottlenose dolphins: impacts of natural and anthropogenic factors. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences 266(1423): 1077-83. ISSN: 0962-8452.
Abstract: Experimental studies have highlighted the potential influence of contaminants on marine mammal immune function and anthropogenic contaminants are commonly believed to influence the development of diseases observed in the wild. However, estimates of the impact of contaminants on wild populations are constrained by uncertainty over natural variation in disease patterns under different environmental conditions. We used photographic techniques to compare levels of epidermal disease in ten coastal populations of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) exposed to a wide range of natural and anthropogenic conditions. Epidermal lesions were common in all populations (affecting > 60% of individuals), but both the prevalence and severity of 15 lesion categories varied between populations. No relationships were found between epidermal disease and contaminant levels across the four populations for which toxicological data were available. In contrast, there were highly significant linear relationships with oceanographic variables. In particular, populations from areas of low water temperature and low salinity exhibited higher lesion prevalence and severity. Such conditions may impact on epidermal integrity or produce more general physiological stress, potentially making animals more vulnerable to natural infections or anthropogenic factors. These results show that variations in natural environmental factors must be accounted for when investigating the importance of anthropogenic impacts on disease in wild marine mammals.
Descriptors: dolphins, skin diseases, environmental exposure adverse effects, prevalence, skin diseases epidemiology, skin diseases etiology, skin diseases physiopathology.
Wilson, B., P.M. Thompson, and P.S. Hammond (1997). Skin lesions and physical deformities in bottlenose dolphins in the Moray Firth: population prevalence and age-sex differences. Ambio 26(4): 243-247. ISSN: 0044-7447.
NAL Call Number: QH540.A52
Descriptors: Tursiops, skin diseases, lesions, animal health, Scotland, North Sea, Atlantic Ocean, British Isles, Cetacea, dolphins, Eastern Atlantic, Europe, Great Britain, mammals, marine areas, North Atlantic, Northeast Atlantic, organic diseases, United Kingdom, Western Europe.
Language of Text: English summary.
Woodhouse, C.D. and C.J. Rennie III (1991). Observations of vaginal calculi in dolphins. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 27(3): 421-7. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Abstract: Vaginal calculi have been described from the common (Delphinus delphis), Pacific white-sided (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) and spotted (Stenella attenuata) dolphins. We describe additional calculi found in six sexually mature D. delphis from southern California. Three calculi were large (ca. 7 x 5 cm), exhibited concentric layer crystallization, and were unique from previously published descriptions. One calculus described previously and one in our sample appeared to be a fetal skeleton and skull respectively. Using CAT scans of a first trimester northern right whale dolphin (Lissodelphis borealis) and of a near term Delphinus delphis, we discuss the potential origin and development of vaginal calculi through analysis of ossification in embryonic delphinids. We hypothesize that the calculi represented spontaneous incomplete abortion with retention of part or all of the fetus in the distal reproductive tract. The form of the calculus relates to the degree of skeletal development at the time of fetal death. Calculi from a pregnant dolphin provided one measure of residence time.
Descriptors: abortion, veterinary complications, calculi, dolphins, fetus radiography, vaginal diseases, abortion, veterinary pathology, calculi etiology, calculi pathology, tomography, x ray computed, vaginal diseases etiology, vaginal diseases pathology.
Wunschmann, A., U. Siebert, and K. Frese (1999). Thymic cysts in harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the German North Sea, Baltic Sea, and waters of Greenland. Veterinary Pathology 36(5): 391-396. ISSN: 0300-9858.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 P27
Descriptors: cysts pathological, immunohistochemistry, involution, thymus gland, wild animals, Phocoena.
Wunschmann, A., U. Siebert, K. Krese, R. Weiss, C. Lockyer, M.P. Heide Jorgensen, G. Muller, and W. Baumgartner (2001). Evidence of infectious diseases in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) hunted in the waters of Greenland and by-caught in the German North Sea and Baltic Sea. Veterinary Record 148(23): 715-720. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: Phocoena, infectious diseases, postmortem examinations, body condition, pathology, parasitism, bacteria, nematoda, trematoda, protozoa, animal health, Greenland, North Sea, Baltic Sea.
Wunschmann, A., U. Siebert, and R. Weiss (1999). Rhizopusmycosis in a harbor porpoise from the Baltic Sea. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 35(3): 569-573. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: brain, gastritis, granuloma, kidneys, lesions, lungs, lymph nodes, mycoses, postmortem examinations, nematode infections, stomach, testes, case reports, death, pathology, zygomycosis, mixed infections, parasites, helminths, Rhizopus, Anisakis simplex, Phocoena.
Yamane, Y., N. Yoshida, A. Nakagawa, K. Abe, and T. Fukushima (1986). Trace elements content in two species of whale tapeworms, Diphyllobothrium macroovatum and Diplogonoporus balaenopterae. Zeitschrift Fur Parasitenkunde 72(5): 647-651. ISSN: 0044-3255.
Descriptors: diphyllobothrium, Diplogonoporus Balaenopterae, trace elements, chemical composition, Japan, Antarctica.
Yonezawa, M. (1990). Morbo di Hodgkins in un' orca. [The Hodgkins disease in a killer whale]. Selezione Veterinaria 31(7): 997-998. ISSN: 0037-1521.
Descriptors: Cetacea, neoplasms, mammals, organic diseases.
Yonezawa, M., H. Nakamine, T. Tanaka, and T. Miyaji (1989). Hodgkin's disease in a killer whale (Orcinus orca). Journal of Comparative Pathology 100(2): 203-207.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 J82
Descriptors: whales, lesions, leukaemia, pathology, zoos, immunological diseases, postmortem examination, animal collections, animals, aquatic animals, aquatic mammals, aquatic organisms, Cetacea, collections, diagnosis, diseases, injurious factors, ISSCAAP group b 61, ISSCAAP group b 62, ISSCAAP groups of species, mammals, meat animals, neoplasms, oil producing animals, organic diseases, vertebrates.
Young, S.J.F., D.G. Huff, and C. Stephen (1999). A risk-management approach to a mycotic disease potential in captive beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas). Zoo Biology 18(1): 5-16. ISSN: 0733-3188.
NAL Call Number: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: delphinus, Aspergillus fumigatus, blood picture, blood chemistry, risk assessment, water quality, decision making.
Zucca, P., G. Di Guardo, R. Pozzi Mucelli, D. Scaravelli, and M. Francese (2004). Use of computer tomography for imaging of Crassicauda grampicola in a Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 35(3): 391-4. ISSN: 1042-7260.
NAL Call Number: SF601.J6
Abstract: A mature male Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) stranded along the coasts of Friuli Venezia Giulia, northeast Italy, in May 2001. Parasitic infection with Crassicauda grampicola is often found in the tympanic bullae and pterygoid sinuses in many of the Risso's dolphins examined from the same area. For this reason, it was decided to perform computed tomography of the head to assess this imaging technique for the diagnosis of crassicaudosis in dolphins. A full postmortem examination confirmed the pathologic findings of the computed tomography scan. This technique can be considered a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of cranial crassicaudosis in live dolphins.
Descriptors: dolphins parasitology, nematoda isolation and purification, nematode infections, tomography scanners, x ray computed, middle ear parasitology, middle ear radiography, fatal outcome, nematode infections diagnosis, nematode infections radiography, tomography, spiral computed instrumentation, spiral computed tomography.