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Cognitive Neuroimaging: Understanding the Link Between Neuronal Activity and Functional Imaging Signals
Release Date: July 27, 2001
Announcement Number: RFA-NS-02-009
Application Receipt Date:
November 28, 2001
Letter of Intent Date: September 30, 2001
Funding Contact: Emmeline Edwards, Ph.D.
Program Area: Systems and Cognitive Neuroscience
Brief Description:
Functional brain imaging techniques that take advantage of the changes in hemodynamic responses of the brain (positron emission
tomography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and infrared imaging) have emerged as promising new avenues for studying
the neural basis of many different cognitive activities. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS),the
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the National Institute on Deafness and
Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) invite research grant applications
that offer the promise of exceptional technical and conceptual advances in our understanding of the nature of the signal being
recorded in hemodynamic brain imaging techniques. We currently have a fundamental gap in our knowledge, because we do not
truly understand the linkage between the hemodynamic response that is being recorded in imaging techniques and the supporting
cellular and molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, the time course of the hemodynamic response, which evolves over 10 to 15 seconds,
has been problematic in the ability of these functional imaging techniques to be applied to issues involving temporal sequencing
of various cognitive events. Of particular interest for this RFA would be approaches involving functional imaging and neurophysiological
(e.g., single and multi-unit recording) studies conducted entirely in non-human primates intended to address the issue of
the neural mechanisms underlying functional activation determined using fMRI or PET techniques. Also of interest are proposals
that take advantage of improved understanding of the link between hemodynamic and neural events to increase the ability of
functional imaging methods to accurately assess the temporal sequencing of cognitive activation that cannot be answered in
humans with current technology. Thus, this RFA seeks proposals that will increase the utility of functional imaging techniques
by a) providing greater understanding of the link to underlying neural activity and b) improving the ability of these techniques
to address questions with a significant temporal component
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