Classification of Natural Ponds and Lakes
in the Glaciated Prairie Region
By
Robert E. Stewart and Harold A. Kantrud
Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center - Division of Wildlife Research
United States Department of the Interior
Fish and Wildlife Service
Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife
Stewart, Robert E., and Harold A. Kantrud. 1971. Classification of natural ponds and lakes in the glaciated prairie region. Resource Publication 92, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C. 57pp.
This resource should be cited as:Stewart, Robert E., and Harold A. Kantrud. 1971. Classification of natural ponds and lakes in the glaciated prairie region. Resource Publication 92, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C. Jamestown, ND: Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Online. http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/wetlands/pondlake/index.htm (Version 16APR1998).
Contents
- Introduction
- Vegetation Zones in Prairie Ponds and Lakes
- Phases of Vegetational Zones
- Plant Species Composition and Differences in Salinity of Surface Water
- Descriptions of the Vegetational Zones
- Major Classes of Natural Ponds and Lakes
- Subclasses of Natural Ponds and Lakes
- Cover Types in Natural Ponds and Lakes
- Application of the Classification System
- Synoptic Outline of the Classification System
- Comparison of Two Classification Systems
- References
- Appendix A. -- Characteristic plant species in prairie ponds and lakes.
- Appendix B. -- Glossary of names and plants.
- Text Figures
- Figure 1. -- A typical sequence of wetland phases as related to different water conditions.
- Figure 2. -- Spatial relation of vegetational zones in major classes of natural ponds and lakes.
- Figure 3. -- Basic cover types of natural ponds and lakes showing common variations in aspect.
- Plates
- Plate 1. -- Ephemeral pond, cover type 1 (I-1), early spring aspect
- Plate 2. -- Temporary pond, fresh, cover type 1 (II-A-1)
- Plate 3. -- Temporary pond, fresh, cover type 2 (II-A-2)
- Plate 4. -- Temporary pond, slightly brackish, cover type 1 (II-B-1)
- Plate 5. -- Temporary pond, slightly brackish, cover type 4 (II-B-4)
- Plate 6. -- Seasonal pond, fresh, cover type 1 (III-A-1)
- Plate 7. -- Seasonal pond, slightyly brackish, cover type 2 (III-B-2)
- Plate 8. -- Seasonal pond, slightly brackish, cover type 3 (III-B-3)
- Plate 9. -- Seasonal pond, slightly brackish, cover type 4 (III-B-4)
- Plate 10. -- Slightly brackish pond (intermediate between III-B-2 and IV-B-2)
- Plate 11. -- Slightly brackish pond (intermediate between III-B-2 and IV-B-2)
- Plate 12. -- Slightly brackish pond, cover type 1 (III-B-1)
- Plate 13. -- Semipermanent pond, fresh, cover type 3 (IV-A-3)
- Plate 14 -- Portion of a large semipermanent pond, slightly brackish, cover type 3 (IV-B-3)
- Plate 15. -- Portion of a large semipermanent pond, slightly brackish, cover type 1 (IV-B-1)
- Plate 16. -- Semipermanent pond, slightly brackish, cover type 2 (IV-B-2)
- Plate 17. -- Semipermanent pond, slightly brackish, cover type 1 (IV-B-1)
- Plate 18. -- Semipermanent pond, slightly brackish, cover type 2 (IV-B-2)
- Plate 19. -- Central portion of a large semipermanent pond, moderately brackish, cover type 2 (IV-C-2)
- Plate 20. -- Changes in vegetative deep-marsh cover in a semipermanent pond, moderately brackish, cover type 3 (IV-C-3)
- Plate 21. -- Semipermanent pond, brackish, cover type 2 (IV-D-2)
- Plate 22. -- Aspect of central portion of a semipermanent pond, brackish, cover type 3 (IV-D-3)
- Plate 23. -- Semipermanent pond, subsaline, cover type 2 (IV-E-2)
- Plate 24. -- Portion of a permanent lake, slightly brackish, cover type 4 (V-B-4)
- Plate 25. -- Portion of a permanent lake, slightly brackish cover type 4 (V-B-4)
- Plate 26. -- Shoreline of a permanent lake, moderately brackish, cover type 4 (V-C-4)
- Plate 27. -- Alkali lake (VI-4)
- Plate 28. -- Alkali lake (VI-4)
- Plate 29. -- Central portion of a large fen or alkaline bog (VII-1)
- Plate 30. -- Tillage ponds (T-4) in cultivated cropland
- Plate 31. -- Tillage pond (T-2) in wheat stubble
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