Chapter 5
Cultural Affiliation Study of the Kennewick Human Remains:
Review of Bio-Archaeological Information
Steven Hackenberger Ph.D. with contributions by Lourdes Henebry-DeLeon and
Erin M. Shumate

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(1951b)       The Excavations at Site 35-UM-5 in the McNary Reservoir, Oregon. Columbia Basin Project, River Basin Surveys, Smithsonian Institution. (Mimeographed.)
(1951c)       An Appraisal of the Archaeological Resources of Hells Canyon Reservoir, Oregon and Idaho. Columbia Basin Project, River Basin Surveys, Smithsonian Institution, Eugene.
(1952a)       A Preliminary Report on the Archaeology of Site 45-WW-6 on the Columbia River, Washington. Columbia Basin Project, River Basin Surveys, Smithsonian Institution. (Mimeographed.)
(1952b)       The 1950 Excavations at Site 45-BN-6, NcNary Reservoir, Washington. American Antiquity 17(4):348-351.
(1953)       Excavations at Site 35-WS-5 on the Columbia River, Oregon. Columbia River Basin Project, River Basin Surveys, Smithsonian Institution. (Mimeographed.)
(ca. 1954)       The McNary Reservoir, a Study in Plateau Archaeology. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson.

Shumate, Erin, and Steven Hackenberger
(2000)       Bioarchaeology and Osteological Analysis of the Middle Columbia River. Paper presented at the 53rd Annual Northwest Anthropological Conference, Spokane, Washington.

Simms, Stephen
(1973)       The Flat-Headed Indians. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 3(3):326-328.

Simonsen, Bjorn
(1984a)       Results of an Investigation of Human Burial Remains from the BC Hydro Seton Generating Station, Lillooet, B.C. Appendix 1 in Archaeological Salvage and Monitoring Procedures at site EeRl192: Seton Generating Substation Project. Unpublished report submitted to the British Columbia Heritage Conservation Branch, Victoria.
(1984b)       Parts IV and V: Radiocarbon Age Estimates, Seton Substation, Lillooet, B.C. In Archaeological Salvage and Monitoring Procedures at site EeRl192: Seton Generating Substation Project. Unpublished report submitted to the British Columbia Heritage Conservation Branch, Victoria.

Simpson, Ruth D.
(1948)       Indian Burials Excavated at McNary Dam Site. The Masterkey 22(6):194.

Skinner, Mark, and Stan Copp
(1986)       The Nicoamen River Burial Site (EbRi 7), near Lytton, British Columbia. Report prepared for Heritage Conservation Branch, Victoria.

Skinner, Mark, and Ron Thacker
(1988)       Analysis of Human Skeletal Remains at Mueller Cabin Burial (DgRw20), Gabriola Island. Unpublished report submitted to the British Columbia Archaeology and Outdoor Recreation Branch, Victoria.

Smith, Harlan I.
(1899)       Archaeology of Lytton, British Columbia. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 2(3):129-161.
(1900)       Archaeology of the Thompson River Region, British Columbia. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 2(6):401-454.
(1910)       Archeology of the Yakima Valley. American Museum of Natural History, Anthropological Papers, Vol. 6, No. 1. New York.
(1924)       Trephined Aboriginal Skulls from British Columbia and Washington. American Journal of Physical Anthropolgy 7(4):447-452.

Smith, Harlan I., and Gerard Fowke
(1901)       Cairns of British Columbia and Washington. In The Jessup North Pacific Expedition. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 2(2):55-85.

Spinden, Herbert Joseph
(1908)       The Nez Perce Indians. Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 9 (originally Vol. 2, Part 3):165-274.

Sprague, Roderick
(1959)       A Comparative Cultural Analysis of an Indian Burial Site in Southeast Washington. Master's thesis, Washington State University, Pullman.
(1960)       Burial Patterns of the Lower Snake River. In Archaeological Excavations in the Ice Harbor Reservoir, 1959: Progress Report, by Richard D. Daugherty, pp. 4-10. Washington State University, Laboratory of Anthropology, Report of Investigations, No. 3. Pullman.
(1965)       Almota Ferry Road Mounds. Letter report to U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District, Walla Walla. Laboratory of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman.
(1965)       The Descriptive Archaeology of the Palus Burial Site, Lyons Ferry, Washington. Washington State University, Laboratory of Anthropology, Report of Investigations, No. 32. Pullman.
(1967)       Aboriginal Burial Practices in the Plateau Region of North America. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.
(1968)       A Suggested Terminology and Classification for Burial Description. American Antiquity 33(4):479-485.
(1971a)       Annotated Bibliography of Lake Roosevelt Archaeology. Washington Archaeologist 15(1):2-24.
(1971b)       Burial Pattern Relationships between the Columbia and Canadian Plateaus. In Aboriginal Man and Environments on the Plateau of Northwest America, edited by A. H. Stryd and R. A. Smith, pp. 183-196. Students' Press, Calgary.
(1978)       Nez Perce Grave Recovery, Lower Granite Dam Reservoir 1973-78. University of Idaho Anthropological Research Manuscript Series, No. 47. Moscow.
(1993)       American Indian Burial and Repatriation on the Southern Plateau with Special Reference to Northern Idaho. Idaho Archaeologist 16(2):3-15.

Sprague, R., and J. Miller
(1979)       Chief Joseph Dam Ancestral Burial Relocation Survey, Rufus Woods Lake, Washington. University of Idaho Anthropological Research Manuscript Series 51. Moscow.

Sprague, R., and W. H. Birkby
(1970)       Miscellaneous Columbia Plateau burials. Tebiwa 13(1):1-32.

Sprague, Roderick, and Daniel Seachord
(1985)       The DeMoss Site (10-AM-193). Alfred W. Bowers Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Idaho, Letter Report, No. 85-26. Moscow.

Sprague, Roderick, and T. M. J. Mulinski
(1980)       Ancestral Burial Relocation, Chief Joseph Reservoir, 1979. University of Idaho Anthropological Research Manuscript Series, No. 63. Moscow.

Stallard, Bruce
(1958)       Preliminary Surveys for Highway Salvage in the State of Washington: A Final Report. Washington State University, Laboratory of Anthropology, Report of Investigations No. 2. Pullman.

Stapp, Darby
(1984)       Late Protohistoric Burials with Copper Artifacts in the Pacific Northwest. Master's thesis, University of Idaho, Moscow.

Steele, Harvey
(1984)       The Marthaller Site. Oregon Archaeological Society Report No. 9.

Steen, John Carl
(1974)       Utilization of Thin Sections of Exhumed Human Teeth for Paleopathological Investigation. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Oregon, Eugene.

Stepp, David
(1984)       Descriptive Analysis of Human Remains from the Fuller and Fanning Mounds, Yamhill River, Willamette Valley, Oregon. Unpublished Master's thesis, Department of Anthropology, Oregon State University, Corvallis.

Stewart, T. D.
(1941)       Skeletal Remains from the Buena Vista Sites, California. In Archaeological Investigations at Buena Vista Lake, Kern County, California. Bulletin of the Bureau of American Ethnology 130:172-187.
(1950)       Report on Skeleton from Butte Creek Cave, John Day River Region, Oregon. In Archaeological Research in the John Day Region of North Central Oregon by L. S. Cressman. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 94(4):385-387.

Stijelia, Maryanne, and Todd Williams
(1986)       An Analysis of the Skeletal Remains of EiRm7. Master's thesis, Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby.

Stone, A. C., and M. L. Stoneking
(1993)       Ancient DNA from a Pre-Columbian Amerindian Population. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 92:463-471.

Strong, Emory
(1958)       Evidence of the Atlatl in the Pacific Northwest. Screenings 7(4).
(1959)       Cremation on the Columbia. Screenings 8(1).
(1959b)       Wakemap Mound and Nearby Sites on the Long Narrows of the Columbia River. Oregon Archaeological Society Publication 1.
(1960)       Report on a trip to the Great Basin Desert of Southern Oregon. Screenings 9(11).

Strong, William Duncan, W. Egbert Schenck, and Julian H. Steward
(1930)       Archaeology of the Dalles-Deschutes Region. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. 29(1). Berkeley.

Stryd, Arnoud
(1973)       The Later Prehistory of the Lillooet Area, British Columbia. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary.

Styles, N.
(1976)       Preliminary Report on the Glenrose Burials. In The Glenrose Cannery Site by R. G. Matson. Archaeological Survey of Canada, Paper No. 52. Mercury Series, National Museum of Man, Ottawa.

Suchey, J.M.
(1975)       Biological Distance of Prehistoric Central California Populations Derived from Non-metric Traits of the Cranium. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Riverside.

Sumpter, Ian
(1982)       Analysis of Human Skeletal Remains and Associated Cultural Material from Site DjQj1, Vallican, B.C. Appendix in Archaeological Investigations at the Vallican Site (DjQj1), Slocan Valley, Southeastern B.C. by Gordon Mohs. Unpublished report submitted to the British Columbia Heritage Conservation Branch, Victoria.

Swanson, Earl H.
(ca. 1956)       Archaeological Studies in the Vantage Region of the Columbia Plateau, Northwest America. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle.

Szathmary, Emoke
(1979)       Blood Groups of Siberians, Eskimos, Subartic and Northwest Coast Indians: The Problem of Origin and Genetic Relationships. In The First Americans: Origins, Affinities, and Adaptations, edited by W. S. Laughlin and A. B. Harper, pp. 185-209. Gustav Fischer, New York.

Szathmary, E., and N. Ossenberg
(1978)       Are the Biological Differences between North American Indians and Eskimos Truly Profound? Current Anthropology 19:673-701.
(1993)       mtDNA and the Peopling of the Americas. American Journal of Human Genetics 53:793-799.

Tasa, Guy L.
(1992)       Human Cremation from the Island Campground Site (35DO422), Douglas County, Oregon. Oregon State Museum of Anthropology, University of Oregon, OSMA Report 92-1. Eugene.
(1997)       Cranial and Dental Variation of Pacific Coast Athapaskans: Implications for Southwestern Oregon Prehistory and Peopling of the New World. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene.

Taylor, R. E., D. Kirner, J. Southon, and J. C. Chatters
(1998)       Radiocarbon Dates of Kennewick Man. Science 280:1171-1172.

Torroni, A., T.G. Schurr, M.F. Cabell, M.D. Brown, J.V. Neet, M. Larsen, D.G. Smith, C.M. Vullo, and D.C. Wallace
(1993a)       Asian Affinities and Continental Radiation of the Four Founding Native American mtDNAs. American Journal of Human Genetics 53:563-550.
(1993b)       mtDNA Variation of Aboriginal Siberians reveals Distinct Genetic Affininties with Native Americans. American Journal of Human Genetics 53:591-608.

Toups, Polly A.
(1969)       The Early Prehistory of the Clearwater Valley, North-Central Idaho. Ph.D. dissertation, Tulane University, New Orleans.
(n.d.)       Arrow Beach Site Report. Ms., Idaho State University, Pocatello.

Turner, C.
(1983)       Dental Evidence for the Peopling of the Americas. In Early Man in the New World, edited by R. Shutler Jr., pp. 147-157. Sage Publications, Beverly Hills.
(1985)       The Dental Search for the Native American Origins. In Out of Asia: Peopling of the Americas and the Pacific, edited by R. Kirk and E. Szathmary, pp. 31-78. Journal of Pacific History, Canberra.
(1986)       The First Americans: The Dental Evidence. National Geographic Explorer 2: 37-46.
(1990)       Major Features of Sundadonty and Sinodonty, Including Suggestions about East Asian Microevolution, Population History, and Late Pleistocene Relationships with Australian Aboriginals. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 82:29-317.

Tyler, Donald E., and Roderick Sprague
(1989)       Pig Farm Bone. Alfred W. Bowers Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Idaho, Letter Report, No. 89-16. Moscow.

Utermohle, C. J., and C. F. Merbs
(1979)       Population affinities of Thule Culture Eskimos in Northwest Hudson Bay. In Thule Eskimo Culture: An Anthropological Retrospective, edited by A.P. McCartney, pp. 435-447. Mercury Series Paper, No. 88, National Museums of Canada, Ottawa.

Virchow, Rudolf
(1892)       Auserlesener Amerikanischer Schadeltypen. In Crania Ethnica Americana. Verlag Von A. Asher and Co., Berlin.

Warren, Claude N.
(1959)       Wenas Creek: A Stratified Site on the Yakima River. Unpublished Master's thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle.

Warren, Claude N., and Robert Fitzwater
(1963)       Archaeological Survey of the Nez Perce Region--White Bird Hill, Idaho. Report on file, Pacific Northwest Regional Office, National Park Service, Seattle.

Warren, Claude N., Robert M. Yohe, II, and Max G. Pavesic
(1999)       The Archaeology of the McGraw Creek Site (35-WA-1), Hells Canyon, Oregon. Idaho State Historical Society Special Publication.

Weatherford, Claudine
(1971)       Trade Bells of the Southern Plateau: Their Use and Occurrence through Time. Unpublished Master's thesis, Washington State University, Pullman.
(1980)       Trade Bells of the Southern Plateau: Their Use and Occurrence through Time. Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(1):20-84.

Wegars, Priscilla, Roderick Sprague, and Thomas Mulinski
(1983)       Miscellaneous Burial Recovery in Eastern Washington, 1981. University of Idaho Anthropological Research Manuscript Series, No. 76. Moscow.

White, G. Melton
(1962)       Comparative Analysis of Indian Skeletal Material from the Columbia Plateau of Washington. Master's thesis, Washington State University, Pullman.

Whitehead, J.M.
(1968)       The Physical Anthropology of the Yuki Indians. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.

Williams, R.C, A.G. Steinberg, H. Gerschowitz, P.H. Bennett, W.C. Knowler, D.J. Pettit, and J.J. Butler
(1985)       Gm-Allotypes in Native Americans: Evidence for Three Distinct Migrations Across the Bering Land Bridge. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 66:1-19.

Wilson, Robert L.
(1972)       Report on Brocklehurst Burial Site, EeRc8, Kamloops, B.C. Unpublished report submitted to the Archaeological Sites Advisory Board of British Columbia, Victoria.

Woodword J., and D. Archibald
(1975)       An Unusual Historic Indian Burial from the Salmon River Estuary, Lincoln Co., Oregon. Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 9:27-31.

Yohe, Robert
(2000)       Personal communication with the author.

Yohe, Robert M. II, and Max G. Pavesic
(2000)       Early Archaic Dogs from Western Idaho, U.S.A. In Dogs Through Time: An Archaeological Perspective, edited by Susan Crockford. Archetype Press, London.

Yohe, Robert, and Jessica St. Clair
(1998)       Descriptive Analyses of two Late Prehistoric Burials from Southwestern Idaho. Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 20(2):219-251.

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