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W.J. MENEFEE CONSTRUCTION CO., WAB No. 90-15 (WAB Aug. 11, 1993)


CCASE: W.J. MENEFEE CONSTRUCTION CO. DDATE: 19930811 TTEXT: ~1 [1] WAGE APPEALS BOARD UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR WASHINGTON, D. C. In the Matter of: W.J. MENEFEE WAB Case No. 90-15 CONSTRUCTION CO. Project No. DACA 45-88-C-0113 Construction of B-2 Support Facilities Whiteman AFB, Missouri BEFORE:/FN1/ Charles E. Shearer, Jr., Chairman Ruth E. Peters, Member DATED: August 11, 1993 DECISION OF THE WAGE APPEALS BOARD This matter is before the Wage Appeals Board on the petition of W.J. Menefee Construction Co. ("Menefee" or "Petitioner") for review of a January 10, 1990 ruling by the Acting Administrator of the Wage and Hour Division (ruling confirmed in a May 25, 1990 letter by the Deputy Assistant Administrator to the contracting agency in response to the agency's request for clarification). The Acting Administrator determined that the prevailing wage requirements of the Davis-Bacon Act apply to employees of a Menefee subsidiary, MENCO Concrete Products ("MENCO") who work at MENCO's concrete batch plant and deliver materials from the plant to the project site one mile away. Menefee has also filed a petition for review of the Acting Administrator's March 29, 1990 decision regarding the appropriate wage rates for concrete plant personnel and drivers. For the reasons set forth below, the petition for review of the Acting Administrator's ruling regarding the applicability of Davis-Bacon requirements to the MENCO workers is granted, and the Acting Administrator's ruling is reversed. Given our resolution of the coverage issue, the Board need not reach the issue of the appropriateness of the wage rates. [1] /FN1/ Member Anna Maria Farias took part in the December 17, 1992 oral argument in this case, but did not participate in this decision. [1] ~2 [2] I. BACKGROUND A. Factual background Menefee is a general construction company engaged in roadbuilding and the supply of rock and ready-mix materials for contractors. MENCO is the ready-mix division of Menefee. Menefee's principal place of business is in Sedalia, Missouri, about 20 miles from Whiteman Air Force Base at Knob Noster, Missouri. It is undisputed that Menefee and MENCO have been in business for a number of years, and that MENCO as a supplier has in the past provided materials to Whiteman AFB projects from a facility at the home office. This case centers on the decision to establish a MENCO ready- mix facility about one mile from Whiteman AFB in Knob Noster (it is without dispute that this decision was made in anticipation of construction activity on B-2 support facilities at Whiteman AFB). The first B-2 related contract was advertised on October 31, 1987; the bids on that contract were opened on January 27, 1988, and the contract was awarded to Western States Construction Company on March 3, 1988. On May 1, 1987 -- six months before bids were solicited on the first B-2 related contract -- Menefee entered into a 5-year lease for a 10-acre site in Knob Noster for use as a "concrete batch plant site and also an asphalt plant site with aggregate stockpiles." According to counsel for Menefee, a great deal of activity took place in connection with the Knob Noster batch plant site in the months preceding the opening of the first B-2 related bids on January 27, 1988. Thus, between September 14 and October 8, 1987 the property was graded and more than 5,000 tons of crushed stone were installed to establish the batch plant foundation. In addition, the 10-acre site was fenced and water wells were dug to assure a supply of water for the batch plant operation. Menefee's negotiation for a batch plant resulted in a purchase order to Contractors Supply Co. which was initially dated December 8, 1987 and revised on January 4, 1988, and accepted as revised on January 5, 1988. Menefee acquired six ready-mix delivery trucks at $52,057.37 each in early January 1988. The financial commitment prior to opening of the first bids, according to Menefee, included "$1,500 for lease of the real estate, $43,800 for labor and materials to prepare the plant site, $115,430 for acquisition of the batch plant and $312,268 for the purchase of the ready-mix trucks" (Statement of Petitioner in Response to Statement of the Acting Administrator, at p. 3). The first sale from the batch plant was made in July 1988. The first bid Menefee submitted on a B-2 related contract was opened on August 3, 1988; Menefee was the successful bidder, and was awarded the contract on August 16, 1988. [2] ~3 [3] B. Procedural history 1. The Wage and Hour rulings On July 31, 1989, the contracting officer's Request for Opinion by the Secretary of Labor regarding the applicability of Davis-Bacon requirements to the MENCO batch plant was routed by the Kansas City District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, to the agency's Office of the Chief Counsel. That office contacted Wage and Hour by letter dated August 11, 1989. a. The "site of the work" ruling The Acting Administrator responded by issuing two rulings. In the first ruling, issued by letter dated January 10, 1990 to Louis A. Cornet, Office of the Chief of Engineers, the Acting Administrator addressed whether the MENCO batch plant was subject to Davis-Bacon requirements. The Acting Administrator stated that the Corps of Engineers contracted with Menefee to construct asphalt and concrete roads as part of the B-2 Support Program, and that Menefee's contract was awarded and construction began in March 1988. She further stated that MENCO, a subsidiary of Menefee, opened a concrete batch plant one mile from Whiteman AFB in July 1988, and that over 99% of the concrete produced at the plant has been furnished to the B-2 program. The Acting Administrator explained that 29 C.F.R. 5.2(l)(1) defines the "site of the work" as the physical location where the construction will remain when it is completed "or other nearby property." She further explained that pursuant to 29 C.F.R. 5.2(l)(2), "batch plants are part of the site of work provided they are dedicated exclusively or nearly so, to the performance of the contract and are located in proximity to the actual construction location that it would be reasonable to include them." MENCO's batch plant, she stated, is in close proximity (one mile) to the construction site, and is dedicated exclusively or nearly so to producing concrete for the contract, since more than 99% of the concrete produced has been furnished to the B-2 project. Accordingly, the Acting Administrator concluded, the batch plant is part of the site of work, and the MENCO employees "working at the plant and hauling the concrete to the project site are covered by the Davis-Bacon labor standards provisions." The Acting Administrator stated that although Menefee said it intends to operate the concrete plant and sell to the public after the B-2 project is completed, "coverage is determined on the basis of actual sales, not the firm's intent" (citing United Construction Company, Inc., WAB Case No. 82-10 (Jan. 14, 1983). By letter dated February 6, 1990, the Corps of Engineers requested clarification of the Acting Administrator's ruling regarding the applicability of Davis-Bacon requirements to the MENCO batch plant. An attachment to the Corps' letter corrected some of the facts as stated in the Acting Administrator's [3] ~4 [4] ruling letter. Thus, the Corps noted that the contract referred to in the ruling letter as having been awarded in March 1988 to Menefee was actually awarded to Western States Construction Company, and the Menefee contract was awarded in August 1988. The Corps also made note of 29 C.F.R. 5.2(l)(3), which states that "fabrication plants, batch plants, borrow pits, job headquarters, tool yards, etc., of a commercial supplier or materialman which are established by a supplier of materials for the project before the opening of bids and not on the project site, are not included in the 'site of the work' " (original emphasis). The Corps requested clarification regarding the application of Section 5.2(l)(3) to the facts of this case. The Corps also noted that the Acting Administrator's ruling had not stated whether the MENCO plant is to be considered part of the "site of the work" for only the Menefee contract or for all B-2 related contracts. The Corps stated that "[a]s of 1 February 1990, MENCO has supplied, or is currently supplying, concrete on twelve contracts at [Whiteman AFB] . . . . As indicated before many more contracts related to the basing of the B-2 Bomber at Whiteman are anticipated into 1992." The Deputy Assistant Administrator responded to the request for clarification by letter dated May 25, 1990. He stated that "[t]he fact that the batch plant was established prior to the bid opening for the Menefee contract and did not exclusively serve the Menefee contract does not change our determination of coverage. The batch plant was opened after the project began and was used exclusively to serve the B-2 support facilities project" (original emphasis). b. The wage rate ruling By letter dated May 4, 1989, attorney James G. Baker requested (on behalf of MENCO and Howard Ready Mixed Concrete Company ("Howard")) "reconsideration of Wage Decision No. MO89 /FN2/ as applied to work by transit mix drivers and concrete mix plant operating personnel at Whiteman Air Force Base, Johnson County, Missouri." Baker stated that the wage determination was a statewide wage determination, and was apparently based on contracts between the Associated General Contractors of Missouri and various labor unions. He stated that attached collective bargaining agreements between Howard and Teamsters Local 534 and MENCO and Teamsters Local 534 governed work in Johnson County and surrounding counties; a third labor agreement between another company and Teamsters Local 534, he added, also covers work in Johnson and surrounding counties. Those three companies, he stated, are the only unionized ready-mix dealers operating in Johnson County. He stated that the wage determination should be amended to reflect the rates in the three companies' collective bargaining agreements for transit mix drivers and plant operating personnel. [4] /FN2/ The Acting Administrator notes in the submissions to this Board that the correct number of the wage determination applied in this case is WD MO88-1. [4] ~5 [5] The Acting Administrator responded to the request for reconsideration by letter dated March 29, 1990. She stated that in the relevant wage determination the classifications and wage rates for concrete mix plant operating personnel and ready-mix concrete drivers are based on collective bargaining agreements between the Associated General Contractors of Missouri, Inc. ("AGC") and Local Union No. 101, International Union of Operating Engineers and between the AGC and Joint Councils of Teamsters Nos. 13 and 56 of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen and Helpers of America. She noted that Baker argued that the collective bargaining agreement with Local Union. No. 534 of the Teamsters "more accurately reflects the prevailing wage rate for central mix concrete plant personnel and transit mix drivers and that those wage rates should be substituted for the wages rates contained in [the relevant wage determination]." She stated, however, that "such arguments may only be considered prior to contract award. . . ." With respect to future work in Johnson County, she added, "a survey may be appropriate." 2. The Midway Excavators decision Menefee filed petitions with this Board for review of both rulings made by the Acting Administrator. While these appeals were pending, the United States Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit issued its decision in Building and Construction Trades Department, AFL-CIO v. United States Dep't of Labor, Wage Appeals Board (Midway Excavators, Inc.) ("Midway Excavators"), 932 F.2d 985 (D.C. Cir. May 17, 1991). The D.C. Circuit examined the Department of Labor's definition of "construction" set forth at 29 C.F.R. 5.2(j), which had encompassed within Davis-Bacon prevailing wage requirements "... the transporting of materials and supplies to or from the building or work by the employees of the construction contractor or construction subcontractor . . . ." The court held that Section 5.2(j), "insofar as it includes off-site material delivery truckdrivers in the [Davis-Bacon] Act's coverage, is invalid." The court of appeals also specifically stated that it was not ruling on the validity of the Department's site of work regulation -- 29 C.F.R. 5.2(l). 3. The Department of Labor's post-Midway Excavators rulemaking activities On July 18, 1991, the D.C. Circuit denied the petition for rehearing and suggestion for rehearing en banc filed by the Building and Construction Trades Department, AFL-CIO ("BCTD"). Neither the government nor the BCTD sought Supreme Court review. The Acting Administrator requested that the Board refrain from deciding Midway Excavators-related issues until the Department of Labor had taken rulemaking action in response to the D.C. Circuit's decision. [5] ~6 [6] On May 4, 1992 the Department of Labor issued an interim final rule amending the definition of "construction" in 29 C.F.R. 5.2(j). 57 Fed. Reg. 19,204. The regulation was amended to eliminate the provision of Section 5.2(j) that applied Davis-Bacon requirements to ". . . the transporting of materials and supplies to or from the building or work by the employees of the construction contractor or construction subcontractor . . . ." In remarks accompanying the interim final rule, the Department explained (Id. at 19,205-19,206): Under this rule, those truck drivers who transport materials to or from the "site of the work" would not be covered for any time spent off-site, but would remain covered for any time spent directly on the "site of the work." Time spent transporting between the actual construction location and a facility which is deemed a part of the site of the work within the meaning of [29 C.F.R. 5.2(l)], and the materialman/supplier exception, will continue to be applied as before. On the same date, the Department also issued a notice of proposed rulemaking and request for comments regarding the "site of the work" definition at 29 C.F.R. 5.2(l). 57 Fed. Reg. 19,208. The Department addressed two matters. First, the Department stated its view that under Midway Excavators, "truck drivers who spend most of their time off-site, as `site' is defined in the regulations, and who come on-site only incidentally to deliver or pick up a load of material and perform only those activities (such as loading, unloading, waiting) that are essential to the delivery or hauling of material to or from the site, should not be subject to the Act even if they are employed by the construction contractor or construction subcontractor." Id. at 19,209. On the other hand, the Department added, "if truck drivers employed by a construction contractor were to spend more than an incidental amount of time `employed directly upon the site of the work', they should be subject to the Act's protections for such time." (Emphasis supplied.) Id. The Department proposed two options for determining whether the time spent on the "site of the work" by a material delivery truck driver employed by a contractor or subcontractor was "incidental." Second, the Department posed the question whether the definition of "site of the work" in Section 5.2(l) should be changed in light of the Midway Excavators decision. 57 Fed. Reg. 19,211. The Department stated (Id.): Although the court went to some length to restrict its decision to the particular facts in Midway, the court's broad legal reasoning indicates that other traditional coverage positions not directly at issue in Midway should be carefully reexamined in light of Midway. The court's statements, for example, that coverage is restricted in a geographic sense to only those persons "employed directly upon the site of the work" raise questions concerning [6] ~7 [7] regulatory provisions that define the "site of the work" in [sec] 5.2(l). The Department requested comments on three issues (57 Fed. Reg. 19,211) (footnotes omitted): (1) Is the regulatory definition of "site of the work" at [sec] 5.2(l) viable or should it be revised, particularly in paragraph (l)(2), which includes as a part of the covered "site of the work" certain dedicated facilities utilized by a covered construction contractor or subcontractor that are not technically on the physical site of the building or work under construction? (2) If dedicated facilities should remain covered as part of the "site," should truck drivers be covered for the time spent hauling between such a dedicated facility and the site of the actual construction? (3) In light of Midway, would it be appropriate to establish a maximum limit for the geographic proximity test in [sec] 5.2(l)(1) and (2) of the site of the work definition? 4. The positions of the parties in this case in light of the Department's rulemaking activities The Acting Administrator filed a supplemental statement in the instant case on June 5, 1992. The Acting Administrator stated that since neither the D.C. Circuit's decision in Midway Excavators nor the Department's interim final regulation "affected the coverage of work performed at a dedicated site or the hauling from a dedicated site to the construction site, the activities at issue in the instant case remain covered by the Davis-Bacon provisions pursuant to valid regulations" of the Department (Supplemental Statement, at p. 5). /FN3/ The Acting Administrator also argued that Petitioner had contractually agreed to comply with the Department's regulatory interpretations of Davis-Bacon requirements. She noted that the labor standards provisions (see 29 C.F.R. 5.5) contained in [7] /FN3/ While this matter was pending before the Board, counsel for the Acting Administrator submitted to the Board a copy of a post-Midway Excavators decision of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia in Ball, Ball and Brosamer, Inc., Civil Action No. 91-3266 (CRR)(Aug. 18, 1992), appeal docketed Oct. 9, 1992 (D.C. Cir.). In that case the district court affirmed the decision of the Wage Appeals Board in Ball, Ball and Brosamer, Inc., WAB Case No. 90-18 (Nov. 29, 1990), that work done at a dedicated gravel pit near a dam construction project was performed on the "site of the work" for Davis-Bacon coverage purposes. In so doing, the court applied the Department's "site of the work" regulation (29 C.F.R. 5.2(l)) as a valid regulation, and also determined that the contractor in that case had a contractual obligation to pay prevailing wages. [7] ~8 [8] Petitioner's contract specify that "[a]ll laborers and mechanics employed or working upon the site of the work" will be paid the wages and fringe benefits listed in the wage determination issued by the Secretary of Labor. 29 C.F.R. 5.5(a)(1). These provisions further state that "[a]ll rulings and interpretations of the Davis-Bacon and related Acts contained in 29 C.F.R. Parts 1, 3, and 5 are herein incorporated by reference in this contract." 29 C.F.R. 5.5(a)(8). Accordingly, with respect to the time spent by employees at the MENCO batch plant and hauling to the construction site from the plant, Menefee agreed to pay Davis-Bacon rates for such work since it came within the Secretary's authoritative interpretations. Menefee argued that the MENCO batch plant did not meet the site of the work test set forth at 29 C.F.R. 5.2(l). Menefee further argued that Section 5.2(l) was invalid in light of the D.C. Circuit's decision in Midway Excavators. In its supplemental statement, the BCTD concurred with the Acting Administrator that Menefee's two petitions should be dismissed. II. DISCUSSION A. The "site of the work" issue This matter involves the application of the Department's "site of the work" regulation -- 29 C.F.R. 5.2(l). Section 5.2(l) is a duly promulgated regulation of the Department of Labor which was in effect at the time MENCO supplied materials for the B-2 related contracts and -- although the provision is the subject of a notice of proposed rulemaking (see pp. 6-7, supra) and apparently is the subject of ongoing litigation (see n.3, supra) -- remains in effect to this day. As such, Section 5.2(l) is binding upon the Wage Appeals Board. See, e.g., California Human Development Corp. v. Brock, 762 F.2d 1044 (D.C. Cir. 1985) (Department of Labor's actions must conform to its own regulations). Accordingly, we will proceed with an analysis of whether the MENCO batch plant facility is within the "site of the work" definition set forth in Section 5.2(l). Section 5.2(l)(1) describes the "site of the work" as "limited to the physical place or places where the construction called for in the contract will remain when work on it has been completed and, as discussed in paragraph (l)(2) of this section, other adjacent or nearby property used by the contractor or subcontractor in such construction which can reasonably be said to be included in the `site.' " Section 5.2(l)(2) sets out a two-part test under which fabrication plants, batch plants, tool yards and other facilities are part of the "site of the work" if (1) "they are dedicated exclusively, or nearly so, to performance of the contract or project," and (2) they are "so located in proximity to the actual construction location that it would be reasonable to include them."[8] ~9 [9] Also pertinent to this case is Section 5.2(l)(3), which specifies certain exemptions from the "site of the work" definition. Section 5.2(l)(3) provides: Not included in the "site of the work" are permanent home offices, branch plant establishments, fabrication plants, and tool yards of a contractor or subcontractor whose locations and continuance in operation are determined wholly without regard to a particular Federal or federally assisted contract or project. [*] In addition, fabrication plants, batch plants, borrow pits, job headquarters, tool yards, etc., of a commercial supplier or materialman which are established by a supplier of materials for the project before opening of bids, and not on the project site, are not included in the "site of the work." Such permanent, previously established facilities are not part of the "site of the work", even where the operation for a period of time may be dedicated exclusively, or nearly so, to the performance of a contract.[*] [*](Emphasis supplied.)[*] Thus, a batch plant which is "established by a supplier of materials for the project before the opening of bids, and not on the project site" is not part of the site of the work. This exemption applies even when the operations at such a "permanent, previously established" batch plant are dedicated for a period of time to the performance of a Davis-Bacon contract. It is undisputed that MENCO has a history that predates the inception of the B-2 facilities construction program of supplying materials to Whiteman AFB projects from a facility at the Menefee/MENCO home office about 20 miles from Whiteman. Furthermore, the record reveals that at the time the Corps of Engineers requested clarification of the Acting Administrator's coverage ruling in this matter, MENCO had supplied or was in the process of supplying concrete on 12 contracts at Whiteman AFB (Record, Tab E). It is also undisputed that Menefee entered into the lease for MENCO's Knob Noster batch plant site several months before the bid was opened for the first B-2 related contract, and in those months preceding that first bid opening considerable sums of money were spent (about $473,000) and considerable effort was undertaken to prepare the MENCO batch plant site. Thus, a land lease was entered, a batch plant and ready-mix trucks were acquired, thousands of tons of crushed stone were installed, water wells were dug and the 10-acre site was fenced. It is also undisputed that the first sales from the MENCO batch plant occurred in July 1988, after the opening of bids on the first B-2 related contract. A dispute arises, however, over whether MENCO's batch plant facility in Knob Noster was "established . . . before opening of bids" within the meaning of Section 5.2(l)(3). As noted earlier, the Deputy Assistant Administrator responded to the Corps' request for clarification by stating that "[t]he fact that [9] ~10 [10] the batch plant was established prior to the bid opening for the Menefee contract and did not exclusively serve the Menefee contract does not change our determination of coverage. The batch plant was opened after the project began and was used exclusively to serve the B-2 support facilities project" [*](original emphasis)[*]./FN4/ The Deputy Assistant Administrator's letter does not address the precise meaning of the term "established . . . before opening of bids," and at oral argument counsel for the Acting Administrator suggested that this may be a case of first impression regarding the interpretation of the term "established" as used in Section 5.2(l)(3). Counsel for the Acting Administrator also suggested that the term "established" essentially means "open for business," but acknowledged that Wage and Hour has not addressed precisely what "open for business" means. Counsel for the Acting Administrator also argued that at most MENCO was "in the process of establishing" the batch plant facility at the time the bids on the first B-2 contract were opened. Counsel for Petitioner, on the other hand, argued that the financial commitment made and the other efforts undertaken serve as objective, tangible indicia that demonstrate that the MENCO batch plant was "established" within the meaning of Section 5.2(l)(3) before the bids on any B-2 related contract were opened. Upon review of the record and of the arguments made in this case, the Board concludes that the MENCO batch plant facility in Knob Noster comes within the exemption from the "site of the work" set forth in Section 5.2(l)(3), since it was "established by a supplier of materials for the project before opening of bids." The Board in this case is without the benefit of a dispositive interpretation by the Administrator of the term "established," and it is critical that the instant decision not be taken as effort to define that term for all time or to specify how that term should be applied to all cases. Suffice it to say that in the circumstances of this case, where MENCO has a history as a supplier of materials in the Knob Noster area, it would be unreasonable to conclude that the efforts undertaken in the several months preceding the opening of bids -- the leasing of the batch plant site, the equipment acquired and the extensive measures taken to prepare the site -- are inadequate to demonstrate that the batch plant was "established . . . before opening of bids." /FN5/ This is not to say that such efforts would be sufficient in all cases; where, for example, an enterprise does not have a record of experience as a bona fide supplier or materialman in the geographic area of a Davis-Bacon project, it may well be reasonable to require that enterprise [10] /FN4/ The Deputy Assistant Administrator's statement that the plant opened after the project began may be based on the Corps' statement in its request for clarification that "MENCO" opened a batch plant one mile from Whiteman in July 1988" (Record, Tab E). As noted above, it is not disputed that the first sales from the MENCO batch plant occurred in July 1988. /FN5/ Cf. W.J. Bokus Excavating, Inc., WAB Case No. 89-21 (July 23, 1993)(the Board affirmed the ALJ's rejection of a materialman exemption for a contractor who did not enter into an agreement to use a borrow pit for a road project until five days after bids were opened and the contractor learned that it was the low bidder). [10] ~11 [11] to demonstrate that it was "open for business" or had made sales from the facility before the opening of bids. Our consideration of the circumstances of this case, however, leads the Board to conclude that the requirement that a facility be "established . . . before opening of bids" is met here. /FN6/ B. The wage rate issue Since the Board has concluded that the MENCO batch plant is not part of the "site of the work," we need not address the issue of the appropriate wage rates for the batch plant personnel and the ready-mix truck drivers. We do note that the Acting Administrator -- focusing on the date of the award of the first contract to Menefee -- argues that the May 4, 1989 letter challenging the wage rates for those workers is an untimely challenge, since it was made after award of that contract. However, the record shows that this case involves 12 separate contracts under which MENCO supplied materials, and counsel for Petitioner stated at oral argument that monies were being withheld under all 12 contracts. The record also reveals that although the May 4, 1989 letter challenging the wage rates was submitted after the dates of award for 8 of those contracts, the letter is dated before the dates of award for the remaining 4 contracts. Thus, it is not at all clear that the challenge to the wage rates was untimely with respect to those 4 contracts. In sum, the ruling of the Acting Administrator on the "site of the work" issue is reversed; the petition for review of the Acting Administrator's ruling on the wage rates for the batch plant personnel and ready-mix drivers is dismissed as moot. BY ORDER OF THE BOARD: Charles E. Shearer, Jr., Chairman Ruth E. Peters, Member Gerald F. Krizan, Esq. Executive Secretary [11] /FN6/ Counsel for the Acting Administrator also argues that the MENCO batch plant was not a "permanent" facility within the meaning of Section 5.2(l)(3). Counsel for Petitioner responds that the concrete batch plant was installed as a permanent facility. In our view, the same factors (that is, MENCO's history as a supplier in the area) that support the conclusion that the batch plant was established before the opening of bids on the first B-2 contract also enhance the presumption that the batch plant is a "permanent" facility. [11]



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