National Park Service LogoU.S. Department of the InteriorNational Park ServiceNational Park Service
National Park Service:  U.S. Department of the InteriorNational Park Service Arrowhead
Yellowstone National ParkAerial photo of wolf pack in snow.
view map
text size:largestlargernormal
printer friendly
Yellowstone National Park
Ecology of Bison Movements in and Beyond YNP
The Ecology of Bison Movements and Distribution In and Beyond Yellowstone National Park

A Critical Review with Implications for Winter Use
and Transboundary Population Management

C. Cormack Gates
Brad Stelfox
Tyler Muhly
Tom Chowns
Robert J. Hudson

April 2005

In June 2004, the National Park Service commissioned Dr. Cormack Gates of the Faculty of Environmental Design at the University of Calgary to conduct an independent assessment on the effects of groomed roads on bison movement during the winter in Yellowstone National Park. Entitled, "The Ecology of Bison Movements and Distribution in and beyond Yellowstone National Park," the report has been completed and is now available to the public.

Table of Contents (19K pdf)
Executive Summary (76K pdf)
Chapter 1 - Introduction (55K pdf)
Chapter 2 - Review of Literature on Ungulate Movements (214K pdf)
Chapter 3 - Environmental Setting (1.81 MB pdf)
Chapter 4 - History of Bison Management in Yellowstone National Park (546K pdf)
Chapter 5 - Bison Population Dynamics and Spatial Ecology (2.74 MB pdf)
Chapter 6 - Strategic-level Bison Population and Distribution Model (2.04 MB pdf)
Chapter 7 - Synthesis and Recommendations (139K pdf)
References & Appendices (235K pdf)

Faculty of Environmental Design
UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY
Calgary, Alberta


Adobe Acrobat Reader is required to view or print these pdf documents.


Summer Crowd at Old Faithful.  

Did You Know?
At peak summer levels, 3,500 employees work for Yellowstone National Park concessioners and about 800 work for the park.

Last Updated: July 20, 2007 at 10:37 EST