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Autism Information Center |
DSM IV-TR Diagnostic Criteria for the Pervasive
Developmental Disorders[1]
Diagnostic
Criteria for 299.00 Autistic Disorder
- A total of six (or more) items from (1), (2), and
(3), with at least two from (1), and one each from (2)
and (3):
- qualitative impairment in social interaction, as
manifested by at least two of the following:
- marked impairment in the use of multiple nonverbal
behaviors such as eye-to-eye gaze, facial expression,
body postures, and gestures to regulate social
interaction
- failure to develop peer relationships appropriate to
developmental level
- a lack of spontaneous seeking to share enjoyment,
interests, or achievements with other people (e.g., by a
lack of showing, bringing, or pointing out objects of
interest)
- lack of social or emotional reciprocity
- qualitative impairments in communication as
manifested by at least one of the following:
- delay in, or total lack of, the development of spoken
language (not accompanied by an attempt to compensate
through alternative modes of communication such as
gesture or mime)
- in individuals with adequate speech, marked
impairment in the ability to initiate or sustain a
conversation with others
- stereotyped and repetitive use of language or
idiosyncratic language
- lack of varied, spontaneous make-believe play or
social imitative play appropriate to developmental level
- restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of
behavior, interests, and activities, as manifested by at
least one of the following:
- encompassing preoccupation with one or more stereotyped
and restricted patterns of interest that is abnormal
either in intensity or focus
- apparently inflexible adherence to specific,
nonfunctional routines or rituals
- stereotyped and repetitive motor manners (e.g., hand
or finger flapping or twisting, or complex whole-body
movements)
- persistent preoccupation with parts of objects
- Delays or abnormal functioning in at least one of
the following areas, with onset prior to age 3 years:
(1) social interaction, (2) language as used in social
communication, or (3) symbolic or imaginative play.
- The disturbance is not better accounted for by
Rett’s Disorder or Childhood Disintegrative Disorder.
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Diagnostic
Criteria for 299.80 Asperger's Disorder
- Qualitative impairment in social interaction, as
manifested by at least two of the following:
- marked impairment in the use of multiple
nonverbal behaviors such as eye-to eye gaze, facial
expression, body postures, and gestures to regulate
social interaction
- failure to develop peer relationships
appropriate to developmental level
- a lack of spontaneous seeking to share
enjoyment, interests, or achievements with other
people (e.g., by a lack of showing, bringing, or
pointing out objects of interest to other people)
- lack of social or emotional reciprocity
- Restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of
behavior, interests and activities, as manifested by at
least one of the following:
- encompassing preoccupation with one or more
stereotyped and restricted patterns of interest that
is abnormal either in intensity of focus
- apparently inflexible adherence to specific,
nonfunctional routines or rituals
- stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms
(e.g., hand or finger flapping or twisting, or
complex whole-body movements)
- persistent preoccupation with parts of objects
- The disturbance causes clinically significant
impairment in social, occupational, or other important
areas of functioning.
- There is no clinically significant general delay in
language (e.g., single words used by age 2 years,
communicative phrases used by age 3 years).
- There is no clinically significant delay in
cognitive development or in the development of
age-appropriate self-help skills, adaptive behavior
(other than in social interaction), and curiosity about
the environment in childhood.
- Criteria are not met for another specific Pervasive
Developmental Disorder or Schizophrenia.
For more information on Asperger’s Disorder, see one
of the following:
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299.80
Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified
(Including Atypical Autism)
This category should be used when there is a severe and
pervasive impairment in the development of reciprocal social
interaction associated with impairment in either verbal or
nonverbal communication skills or with the presence of
stereotyped behavior, interests, and activities, but the
criteria are not met for a specific Pervasive Developmental
Disorder, Schizophrenia, Schizotypal Personality Disorder,
or Avoidant Personality Disorder. For example, this category
includes "atypical autism" - presentations that do not meet
the criteria for Autistic Disorder because of late age at
onset, atypical symptomatology, or subthreshold
symptomatology, or all of these.
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Diagnostic Criteria
for 299.80 Rett's Disorder
- All of the following:
- apparently normal prenatal and perinatal
development
- apparently normal psychomotor development
through the first 5 months after birth
- normal head circumference at birth
- Onset of all of the following after the period of
normal development:
- deceleration of head growth between
ages 5 and 48 months
- loss of previously acquired purposeful
hand skills between 5 and 30 months with the
subsequent development of stereotyped hand movements
(e.g., hand-wringing or hand washing)
- loss of social engagement early in the
course ( although often social interaction develops
later)
- appearance of poorly coordinated gait
or trunk movements
- severely impaired expressive and
receptive language development with severe
psychomotor retardation
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Diagnostic
Criteria for 299.10 Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
- Apparently normal development for at least the first
2 years after birth as manifested by the presence of
age-appropriate verbal and nonverbal communication,
social relationships, play, and adaptive behavior.
- Clinically significant loss of previously acquired
skills (before age 10 years) in at least two of the
following areas:
- expressive or receptive language
- social skills or adaptive behavior
- bowel or bladder control
- play
- motor skills
- Abnormalities of functioning in at least two of the
following areas:
- qualitative impairment in social interaction
(e.g., impairment in nonverbal behaviors, failure to
develop peer relationships, lack of social or
emotional reciprocity)
- qualitative impairments in communication (e.g.,
delay or lack of spoken language, inability to
initiate or sustain a conversation, stereotyped and
repetitive use of language, lack of varied
make-believe play)
- restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns
of behavior, interest, and activities, including
motor stereotypes and mannerisms
- The disturbance is not better accounted for by
another specific Pervasive Developmental Disorder or by
Schizophrenia
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[1] American
Psychiatric Association. (2000). Pervasive developmental
disorders. In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental
disorders (Fourth edition---text revision (DSM-IV-TR).
Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 69-70.
Date:
July 03, 2007
Content source: National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental
Disabilities
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