REPORT TO CONGRESS
STATUS OF FISHERIES OF THE
UNITED STATES
PREPARED BY
NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE
SEPTEMBER 1997
Report on the Status of Fisheries of the United States
Table of Contents
Executive Summary 1
Introduction 1
Listing of Species 2
Basis for Determining Status of Overfishing 2
Results 3
Conclusion 4
List of Tables and Appendices
Table A1. Summary of Stock Status for Species Contained in Federal Fishery 9
Management Plans
Table A2. Summary of Stock Status for Species not Contained in Federal Fishery 53
Management Plans
Table A3. Species Contained in Federal Fishery Management Plans 55
Under Development
App. 1. Overfishing Definitions Contained in Fishery Management Plans 58
App. 2. Overfishing Definitions for Species not Contained in Federal 74
Fishery Management Plans
App. 3. Overfishing Definitions from Fishery Management Plans Under 75
Development
App. 4. Six Tiers comprising the Overfishing Definition for Gulf of Alaska 76
and Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands Groundfish
App. 5. Acronyms used in Appendices 78
Report on Status of Fisheries and
Identification of Overfished Stocks
Executive Summary
The Sustainable Fisheries Act [SFA (Public Law 104-297)], which reauthorizes and amends
the
Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (Magnuson-Stevens Act) was
signed into law by President Clinton on October 11, 1996. The reauthorized Magnuson-Stevens
Act requires the Secretary of Commerce (Secretary) to report to Congress annually on the status
of fisheries within each Council's geographical area of authority and identify those fisheries that
are overfished or are approaching a condition of being overfished.
Although this report identifies a significant number of stocks that are overfished, the list will
likely be expanded in the next year or two as the provisions of the SFA are fully implemented.
In
accordance with the requirements of the SFA, the basis for the identification of overfished stocks
is the current overfishing definition found in the Fishery Management Plans (FMPs). The SFA
also defined "overfished" and "overfishing," and required that FMP definitions, amended to be
consistent with the new statutory definition, be submitted to the Secretary by October 11, 1998.
As these new FMP definitions are submitted and approved, additional stocks will likely be
identified as overfished.
Based on the criteria specified in the Magnuson-Stevens Act, the Report on the Status of
Fisheries finds that 86 species are listed as "overfished," 183 species are listed as "not
overfished," and 10 species are considered to be approaching an overfished condition; for 448
species, the status relative to overfishing is unknown. Whenever possible, species were assessed
using existing overfishing definitions in FMPs or FMPs under development; the remainder were
evaluated using the 1995 edition of Our Living Oceans.
Introduction
This report to Congress responds to section 304(e)(1) of the Magnuson-Stevens Act, as
amended
by the SFA on October 11, 1996:
(1) The Secretary shall report annually to the Congress and the Councils on the
status of fisheries within each Council's geographical area of authority and identify those
fisheries that are overfished or are approaching a condition of being overfished. For those
fisheries managed under a fishery management plan or international agreement, the status
shall be determined using the criteria for overfishing specified in such plan or agreement.
A fishery shall be classified as approaching a condition of being overfished if, based on
trends in fishing effort, fishery resource size, and other appropriate factors, the Secretary
estimates that the fishery will become overfished within two years.
This report constitutes the National Marine Fisheries Service's (NMFS) first annual report to
Congress and the Councils in compliance with section 304(e)(1).
Listing of Species
There are currently 39 approved and implemented FMPs and 5 FMPs under development;
there
are numerous other fisheries in the U.S. EEZ for which there are no FMPs at this time. Some
FMPs contain only one or a few species in the management unit, while others contain more than
100 species. To assess fully the status of the fish stocks within the U.S. EEZ, individual species
were broken out to the extent possible for each fishery or FMP, and each species was separately
assessed.
A table was created listing each species within a management unit identified in an FMP, the associated management body, a determination of whether the species is overfished, a determination of whether it is approaching an overfished condition, and the basis of the overfishing definition (see Table A1). Similar tables were created for species not contained in FMPs (Table A2), and for species contained in FMPs under development (Table A3). Species to be included in Table A2 were identified by NMFS as those for which a substantial portion of the stock occurs within the EEZ.
Basis for Determining Status of Overfishing
As required by section 304(e)(1) of the Magnuson-Stevens Act, for those species managed under an FMP or international agreement, the status determination was based on the criteria for overfishing (i.e., the overfishing definition) specified in the FMP or agreement whenever possible (see Appendices 1, 2, 3, and 4). For most species, the existing overfishing definitions are based wholly or in part on a fishing mortality rate. Such definitions typically assess the species on the basis of whether overfishing (as a rate of removals) is currently taking place (i.e., whether the current fishing mortality rate is greater than the maximum allowable rate specified in the definition). FMPs that base their definition on something other than a fishing mortality rate, such as stock biomass, typically assess overfishing of the species on the basis of the current status of the stock relative to a stock or index level specified in the definition of overfishing. To distinguish the type of definition applied, the tables include a column providing the basis of the overfishing definition.
For all species for which there is an approved overfishing definition contained in the FMP or
an
overfishing definition contained in the FMP under development, the status of the stock relative to
the FMP definition was used to determine the status of the species and whether or not it is
approaching an overfished condition. Species (1) for which there are no FMPs or international
agreements, but that are under the Councils' geographic area of authority or under the Secretary's
management authority pursuant to section 302(a)(3); (2) that are contained in an FMP or an FMP
under development, but that do not have an overfishing definition; or (3) for which the
overfishing definition is inadequate to make a determination of overfishing, the 1995 edition of
Our Living Oceans (OLO) was used to determine the status relative to overfishing. In
OLO, the
term "overfishing" is not used, but a similar concept, which relates the stock size to the stock size
that would produce "Long Term Potential Yield" (LTPY) is used. Species that are listed in OLO
as "below" and "far below" stock levels necessary to produce LTPY are considered "overfished,"
and those listed as "near" and "above" stock levels necessary to produce LTPY are considered
"not overfished." The SFA defines "overfished" as a rate or level of fishing mortality that
jeopardizes the capacity of a fishery to produce the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) on a
continuing basis. LTPY, as used in OLO, is analogous to MSY. Thus, the conclusions reached
in OLO approximate the conclusions that would be drawn if an assessment had been made using
the SFA's generic definition of "overfished." OLO determinations are considered stock level
based definitions. Because OLO does not make a determination of whether the stock is
"approaching an overfished condition," that determination could not be made for those species
assessed using OLO. For species that have no overfishing definition or for which there is no
determination of stock status in OLO, the overfished status is listed as "Unknown" and the basis
of overfishing definition is listed as "No Definition."
Information regarding the overfished status of species is continually evolving and has
become
available since the most recent publication of OLO. For those cases for which there is updated
information in a citable form, that information was used to determine the status of each species in
this report. It is recognized that this approach may not include all "preliminary" information for
each species. However, this approach is taken to minimize potential confusion as conclusions
about stock conditions change with changes in "preliminary" information. For example, the
conclusions reached in OLO regarding the overfished status of spiny dogfish, Atlantic halibut,
and tilefish may not agree with additional, not yet citable, information that has become available
since the publication of OLO.
Results
Using the methodology described above to assess the status of the fisheries, there are currently 86 species classified as "overfished," 183 species classified as "not overfished," 10 species that are "approaching an overfished condition," and 448 species whose status is unknown. The categories "not overfished" and "approaching an overfished condition" are mutually exclusive. Any species listed as "approaching an overfished condition" (because it is estimated that it will become "overfished" within 2 years) is not included in the "not overfished" category, even though it is currently not overfished. This is to eliminate double-counting of the species analyzed in this report.
The following table provides a breakdown of the assessed species:
| Number of Stocks under Council's Geographical Area of Authority |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished |
Not Overfished | Approaching Overfished Condition |
Unknown |
| 26 | NEFMC | 12 | 7 | 2 | 5 |
| 11 | MAFMC | 5 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| 9 | NEFMC / MAFMC | 1 | 1 | 0 | 7 |
| 84 | SAFMC | 14 | 5 | 0 | 65 |
| 69 | GMFMC | 4 | 6 | 1 | 58 |
| 10 | SAFMC / GMFMC | 1 | 5 | 0 | 4 |
| 179 | CFMC | 3 | 1 | 0 | 175 |
| 109 | PFMC | 13 | 16 | 6 | 74 |
| 64 | WPFMC | 3 | 47 | 1 | 13 |
| 105 | NPFMC | 0 | 63 | 0 | 42 |
| 1 | PFMC / NPFMC | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 50 | HMS | 26 | 21 | 0 | 3 |
| 8 | ASMFC | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
| 2 | GSMFC | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Total | 86 | 183 | 10 | 448 |
Conclusion
Based on the identifications made in this report, the Councils are now required to develop
programs to end overfishing and rebuild some 76 overfished stocks, and to prevent overfishing
from occurring for the 10 stocks that are approaching an overfished condition. This involves at
least 19 FMPs that will have to be submitted for approval within the next year. There are also 10
stocks that are overfished but are not covered by FMPs; plans must be developed to end
overfishing and rebuild affected stocks in these fisheries in the same timeframe. The rebuilding
programs must be as short as possible, but not exceed 10 years, except in cases where the biology
of the stock of fish, other environmental conditions, or management measures under an
international agreement in which the United States participates dictate otherwise.
The majority of stocks (61%) identified in this report were assessed as unknown in terms of
their
status relative to overfishing; there are 428 stocks that are contained in FMPs whose status is
unknown and 20 stocks not contained in FMPs whose status is unknown. Additional efforts to
obtain information necessary to assess these stocks will be required before their status can be
determined. As the status of these stocks become known, some will require that measures be
taken to end or prevent overfishing in fisheries managed under an FMP, and others will require
that an FMP be developed.
Under the amended provisions of the Magnuson-Stevens Act, the Councils will be required to reassess each FMP for compliance with the overfishing provisions. Many of the FMPs will require amendments to bring them into conformance. In particular, each overfishing definition will need to be examined on the basis of its ability to ensure stock levels that can produce MSY on a continuing basis, rather than simply addressing recruitment overfishing, as is typically the case in many existing FMPs. Based on this change, it is possible that many species that are now classified as "not overfished" in this report on the basis of a fishing mortality rate definition will ultimately be reassessed as "overfished" when the FMPs and overfishing definitions are amended consistent with the new requirements of the Magnuson-Stevens Act. Consequently, this report represents a minimum number of overfished fisheries of the United States, and will probably understate the number of fisheries that will eventually be determined to be overfished.
Table A1. Summary of Stock Status for Species Contained in Federal Fishery
Management Plans
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | |
| Atlantic Sea Scallop | Atlantic Sea Scallop | NEFMC | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Salmon | Atlantic Salmon | NEFMC | Yes(1) | N/A | Stock Level | |
| American Lobster | American Lobster | NEFMC | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
|
Northeast Multispecies |
Cod |
Gulf of Maine | NEFMC | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate |
| Georges Bank | NEFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Northeast Multispecies |
Haddock |
Georges Bank | NEFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate |
| Gulf of Maine | NEFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Northeast Multispecies |
Yellowtail Flounder |
Georges Bank | NEFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate |
| Southern New England | NEFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Cape Cod | NEFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Middle Atlantic | NEFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Northeast Multispecies | American Plaice | NEFMC | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Northeast Multispecies | Redfish | NEFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Northeast Multispecies | Witch Flounder | NEFMC |
Yes |
N/A |
Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Northeast Multispecies | White Hake | NEFMC |
No |
Yes | Stock Level | |
| Northeast Multispecies | Pollock | NEFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| Northeast Multispecies | Windowpane Flounder | NEFMC | Yes | N/A | Stock Level | ||
|
Northeast Multispecies |
Winter Flounder
|
Georges Bank | NEFMC | Unknown(2) | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Gulf of Maine | NEFMC | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | |||
| Southern New England | NEFMC | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | |||
|
Northeast Multispecies |
Silver Hake
|
Gulf of Maine /
Northern Georges Bank |
NEFMC | No | Yes | Stock Level | |
| Southern Georges Bank / Middle Atlantic | NEFMC | Yes | N/A | Stock Level | |||
| Northeast Multispecies | Red Hake | NEFMC | Yes | N/A | Stock Level | ||
| Northeast Multispecies | Ocean Pout | NEFMC | No | No | Stock Level | ||
| Summer Flounder, Scup, and Black Sea Bass | Scup | MAFMC | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Summer Flounder, Scup, and Black Sea Bass | Summer Flounder | MAFMC | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Summer Flounder, Scup, and Black Sea Bass | Black Sea Bass | MAFMC | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Atlantic Bluefish | Bluefish (except Gulf of Mexico) | MAFMC | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Atlantic Surf Clam and Ocean Quahog | Surf Clam | MAFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Atlantic Surf Clam and Ocean Quahog | Ocean Quahog | MAFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
|
Atlantic Mackerel, Squid, and Butterfish |
Squid |
Illex | MAFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Loligo | MAFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | |||
| Atlantic Mackerel, Squid, and Butterfish | Atlantic Mackerel | MAFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Atlantic Mackerel, Squid, and Butterfish | Butterfish (Atlantic) | MAFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate / Stock Level | ||
| South Atlantic Golden Crab | Golden Crab | SAFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic Shrimp | White Shrimp | SAFMC | No | No | Stock Level | ||
| South Atlantic Shrimp | Rock Shrimp | SAFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic Shrimp | Brown Shrimp | SAFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic Shrimp | Pink Shrimp | SAFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Jewfish | SAFMC | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Nassau Grouper | SAFMC | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Vermilion Snapper | SAFMC | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Red Porgy | SAFMC | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Gag | SAFMC | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Red Snapper | SAFMC | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Scamp | SAFMC | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Speckled Hind | SAFMC | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Snowy Grouper | SAFMC | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Warsaw Grouper | SAFMC | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Golden Tilefish | SAFMC | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
White Grunt | SAFMC | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Black Sea Bass | SAFMC | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Gray Triggerfish | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Queen Triggerfish | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Ocean Triggerfish | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Yellow Jack | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Blue Runner | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Crevalle Jack | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Bar Jack | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Greater Amberjack | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Lesser Amberjack | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Almaco Jack | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Banded Rudderfish | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Spadefish | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Black Margate | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Porkfish | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Margate | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Tomtate | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Smallmouth Grunt | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
French Grunt | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Spanish Grunt | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Cottonwick | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Sailors Choice | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Blue Stripe Grunt | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Hogfish | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Puddingwife | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Black Snapper | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Queen Snapper | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Mutton Snapper | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Schoolmaster | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Blackfin Snapper | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Cubera Snapper | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Gray Snapper | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Mahogany Snapper | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Dog Snapper | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Lane Snapper | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Silk Snapper | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Yellowtail Snapper | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Blueline Tilefish | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Sand Tilefish | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Wreckfish | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Bank Sea Bass | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Rock Sea Bass | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Rock Hind | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Graysby | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Yellowedge Grouper | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Coney | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Red Hind | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Red Grouper | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Misty Grouper | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Black Grouper | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Yellowmouth Grouper | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Tiger Grouper | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Yellowfin Grouper | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Sheepshead | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Grass Porgy | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Jolthead Porgy | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Saucereye Porgy | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Whitebone Porgy | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Knobbed Porgy | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Longspine Porgy | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic
Snapper-Grouper |
Scup | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Atlantic Coast Red Drum | Red Drum | SAFMC | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic Corals(3) | Fire Corals | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic Corals3 | Hydrocorals | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic Corals3 | Octocorals | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic Corals3 | Stony Corals | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| South Atlantic Corals3 | Black Corals | SAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| Gulf of Mexico Stone Crab | Stone Crab | GMFMC | No | No | Stock Level | ||
| Gulf of Mexico Shrimp | Brown Shrimp | GMFMC | No | No | Stock Level | ||
| Gulf of Mexico Shrimp | Pink Shrimp | GMFMC | No | No | Stock Level | ||
| Gulf of Mexico Shrimp | White Shrimp | GMFMC | No | No | Stock Level | ||
| Gulf of Mexico Shrimp | Royal Red Shrimp | GMFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Mexico Shrimp | Rock Shrimp | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition(4) | ||
| Gulf of Mexico Shrimp | Seabob Shrimp | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition4 | ||
| Gulf of Mexico Corals(5) | Fire Corals | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Mexico Corals5 | Hydrocorals | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Mexico Corals5 | Octocorals | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Mexico Corals5 | Stony Corals | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Mexico Corals5 | Black Corals | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Mexico /
South Atlantic Spiny Lobster |
Spiny Lobster | SAFMC / GMFMC | No | No | Stock Level | ||
| Gulf of Mexico /
South Atlantic Spiny Lobster |
Slipper Lobster | SAFMC / GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition(6) | ||
|
Coastal Migratory Pelagics of the Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic |
King Mackerel |
Gulf group | SAFMC / GMFMC | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic group | SAFMC / GMFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | |||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
|
Coastal Migratory Pelagics of the Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic |
Spanish Mackerel |
Gulf group | SAFMC / GMFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic group | SAFMC / GMFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | |||
| Coastal Migratory Pelagics of the Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic |
Cobia |
SAFMC/ GMFMC |
No |
No |
Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Coastal Migratory Pelagics of the Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic |
Cero |
SAFMC / GMFMC |
Unknown |
Unknown |
No Definition4 | ||
| Coastal Migratory Pelagics of the Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic |
Dolphin |
SAFMC / GMFMC |
Unknown |
Unknown |
No Definition4 | ||
| Coastal Migratory Pelagics of the Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic |
Little Tunny |
SAFMC / GMFMC |
Unknown |
Unknown |
No Definition6 | ||
| Coastal Migratory Pelagics of the Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic |
Bluefish (Gulf of Mexico only) |
GMFMC |
Unknown |
Unknown |
No Definition6 | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Red Snapper | GMFMC | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Nassau Grouper | GMFMC | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Jewfish | GMFMC | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Vermilion Snapper | GMFMC | No | Yes | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Greater Amberjack | GMFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Gray Triggerfish | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Queen Triggerfish | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Lesser Amberjack | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Almaco Jack | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Banded Rudderfish | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Tomtate | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | White Grunt | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Pigfish | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Hogfish | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Queen Snapper | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Mutton Snapper | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Schoolmaster | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Blackfin Snapper | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Cubera Snapper | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Gray (Mangrove) Snapper | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Dog Snapper | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Mahogany Snapper | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Lane Snapper | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Silk Snapper | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Yellowtail Snapper | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Wenchman | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Goldface Tilefish | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Blackline Tilefish | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Anchor Tilefish | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Blueline Tilefish | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Tilefish | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Bank Sea Bass | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Rock Sea Bass | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Black Sea Bass | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Dwarf Sand Perch | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Sand Perch | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Rock Hind | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Speckled Hind | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Yellowedge Grouper | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Red Hind | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Red Grouper | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Misty Grouper | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Warsaw Grouper | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Snowy Grouper | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Black Grouper | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Yellowmouth Grouper | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Gag | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Scamp | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Yellowfin Grouper | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Grass Porgy | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Jolthead Porgy | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Knobbed Porgy | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Littlehead Porgy | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Pinfish | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico | Red Porgy | GMFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Mexico Red Drum | Red Drum | GMFMC | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Spiny Lobster(7) | Spiny Lobster | CFMC | No | Unknown(8) | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish(9) | Nassau Grouper | CFMC | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Jewfish | CFMC | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Ocean Surgeonfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Doctorfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Blue Tang | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Frogfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Flamefish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Conchfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Trumpetfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Scrawled Filefish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Queen Triggerfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Whitespotted Filefish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Ocean Triggerfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Black Durgon | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Sargassum Triggerfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Redlip Blenny | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Peacock Flounder | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Yellow Jack | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Blue Runner | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Horse-eye Jack | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Black Jack | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Bar Jack | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Greater Amberjack | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Almaco Jack | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Longsnout Butterflyfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Foureye Butterflyfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Spotfin Butterflyfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Banded Butterflyfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Redspotted Hawkfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Flying Gurnard | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Atlantic Spadefish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Neon Goby | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Rusty Goby | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Royal Gramma | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Porkfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Margate | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Tomtate | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | French Grunt | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | White Grunt | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Bluestriped Grunt | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Squirrelfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Longspine Squirrelfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Blackbar Soldierfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Cardinal Soldierfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Spanish Hogfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Creole Wrasse | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Yellowcheek Wrasse | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Yellowhead Wrasse | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Clown Wrasse | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Puddingwife | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Pearly Razorfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Green Razorfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Hogfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Bluehead Wrasse | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Black Snapper | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Queen Snapper | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Mutton Snapper | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Schoolmaster | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Blackfin Snapper | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Gray Snapper | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Dog Snapper | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Mahogany Snapper | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Lane Snapper | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Silk Snapper | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Yellowtail Snapper | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Wenchman | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Vermilion Snapper | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Blackline Tilefish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Sand Tilefish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Yellow Goatfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Spotted Goatfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Chain Moray | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Green Moray | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Goldentail Moray | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Batfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Goldspotted Eel | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Yellowhead Jawfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Dusky Jawfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Spotted Trunkfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Honeycomb Cowfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Scrawled Cowfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Trunkfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Smooth Trunkfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Cherubfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Queen Angelfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Rock Beauty | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Gray Angelfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | French Angelfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Sergeant Major | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Blue Chromis | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Sunshinefish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Yellowtail Damselfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Dusky Damselfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Beaugregory | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Bicolor Damselfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Threespot Damselfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Bigeye | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Glasseye Snapper | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Midnight Parrotfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Blue Parrotfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Striped Parrotfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Rainbow Parrotfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Princess Parrotfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Queen Parrotfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Redband Parrotfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Redtail Parrotfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Redfin Parrotfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Stoplight Parrotfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | High-hat | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Jackknife-fish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Spotted Drum | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Scorpionfishes | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Rock Hind | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Graysby | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Yellowedge Grouper | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Coney | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Red Hind | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Red Grouper | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Misty Grouper | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Butter Hamlet | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Swissguard Basslet | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Yellowfin Grouper | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Tiger Grouper | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Creole-fish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Greater Soapfish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Orangeback Bass | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Lantern Bass | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Tobaccofish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Harlequin Bass | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Chalk Bass | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Caribbean Tonguefish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Sea Bream | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Jolthead Porgy | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Sheepshead Porgy | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Pluma | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Seahorses | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Pipefishes | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Sand Diver | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Sharpnose Puffer | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Reef Fish9 | Porcupinefish | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Queen Conch(10) | Queen Conch | CFMC | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Queen Conch10 | Atlantic Triton's Trumpet | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition6 | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| Caribbean Queen Conch10 | Cameo Helmet | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition6 | ||
| Caribbean Queen Conch10 | Caribbean Helmet | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition6 | ||
| Caribbean Queen Conch10 | Caribbean Vase | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition6 | ||
| Caribbean Queen Conch10 | Flame Helmet | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition6 | ||
| Caribbean Queen Conch10 | Green Star Shell | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition6 | ||
| Caribbean Queen Conch10 | Hawkwing Conch | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition6 | ||
| Caribbean Queen Conch10 | Milk Conch | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition6 | ||
| Caribbean Queen Conch10 | Roostertail Conch | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition6 | ||
| Caribbean Queen Conch10 | True Tulip | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition6 | ||
| Caribbean Queen Conch10 | West Indian Fighting Conch | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition6 | ||
| Caribbean Queen Conch10 | Whelk (West Indian Top Shell) | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition6 | ||
| Caribbean Corals(11) | Sponges | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Corals11 | Hydrocorals | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Corals11 | Hydroids | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Corals11 | Soft Corals | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Corals11 | Gorgonian Corals | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Corals11 | Hard Corals | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Corals11 | Black Corals | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Corals11 | Anemones | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| Caribbean Corals11 | Colonial Anemones | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Corals11 | False Corals | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Corals11 | Annelid Worms | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Corals11 | Other Gastropods | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Corals11 | Bivalves | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Corals11 | Cephalopods | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Corals11 | Crustaceans | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Corals11 | Bryozoans | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Corals11 | Feather Stars | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Corals11 | Sea Stars | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Corals11 | Brittle and Basket Stars | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Corals11 | Sea Urchins | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Corals11 | Sea Cucumbers | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Corals11 | Tunicates | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Caribbean Corals11 | Green Algae | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition6 | ||
| Caribbean Corals11 | Red Algae | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition6 | ||
| Caribbean Corals11 | Seagrasses | CFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition6 | ||
| WA, OR, CA Salmon | Chum Salmon | PFMC | Yes | N/A | Stock Level | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| WA, OR, CA Salmon | Chinook Salmon (Columbia River,
upriver Summer) |
PFMC | Yes | N/A | Stock Level | ||
| WA, OR, CA Salmon | Chinook Salmon (Columbia River,
upriver Spring) |
PFMC | Yes | N/A | Stock Level | ||
| WA, OR, CA Salmon | Chinook Salmon (Columbia River,
Snake River, Spring) |
PFMC | Yes | N/A | Stock Level | ||
| WA, OR, CA Salmon | Chinook Salmon (Skagit River, Spring) | PFMC | Yes | N/A | Stock Level | ||
| WA, OR, CA Salmon | Chinook Salmon (Skagit River, Summer / Fall) | PFMC | Yes | N/A | Stock Level | ||
| WA, OR, CA Salmon | Chinook Salmon (Stillaguamish River,
Summer / Fall) |
PFMC | Yes | N/A | Stock Level | ||
| WA, OR, CA Salmon | Chinook Salmon (Snohomish River,
Summer / Fall) |
PFMC | Yes | N/A | Stock Level | ||
| WA, OR, CA Salmon | Chinook Salmon (Lake Washington) | PFMC | Yes | N/A | Stock Level | ||
| WA, OR, CA Salmon | Chinook Salmon (Dungeness River) | PFMC | Yes | N/A | Stock Level | ||
| WA, OR, CA Salmon | Coho Salmon (Strait of Juan de Fuca) | PFMC | Yes | N/A | Stock Level | ||
| WA, OR, CA Salmon | other Chinook Salmon stocks | PFMC | No | No | Stock Level | ||
| WA, OR, CA Salmon | other Coho Salmon stocks | PFMC | No | No | Stock Level | ||
| WA, OR, CA Salmon | Pink Salmon | PFMC | No | No | Stock Level | ||
| WA, OR, CA Salmon | Sockeye Salmon | PFMC | No | No | Stock Level | ||
| Northern Anchovy | Northern Anchovy | PFMC | No | No | Stock Level | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Lingcod | PFMC | No | Yes | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Canary Rockfish | PFMC | No | Yes | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Pacific Ocean Perch | PFMC | No | Yes | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Shortspine Thornyhead | PFMC | No | Yes | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Bocaccio | PFMC | No | Yes | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Yellowtail Rockfish | PFMC | No | Yes | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Pacific Whiting | PFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Sablefish | PFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Dover Sole | PFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | English Sole | PFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Petrale Sole | PFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Chilipepper Rockfish | PFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Shortbelly Rockfish | PFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Longspine Thornyhead | PFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Widow Rockfish | PFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Jack Mackerel | PFMC | No | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Pacific Cod | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Arrowtooth Flounder | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Butter Sole | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Curlfin Sole | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Flathead Sole | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Pacific Sanddab | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Rex Sole | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Rock Sole | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Sand Sole | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Starry Flounder | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Aurora Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Bank Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Black Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Black-and-Yellow Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Blackgill Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Blue Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Bronzespotted Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Brown Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Calico Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | China Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Copper Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Darkblotched Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Dusty Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Flag Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Gopher Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Grass Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Greenblotched Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Greenspotted Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Greenstriped Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Harlequin Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Honeycomb Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Kelp Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Mexican Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Olive Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Pink Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Quillback Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Redbanded Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Redstripe Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Rosethorn Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Rosy Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Rougheye Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Sharpchin Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Shortraker Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Silvergray Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Speckled Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Splitnose Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Squarespot Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Starry Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Stripetail Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Tiger Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Vermilion Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Yelloweye Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Yellowmouth Rockfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Leopard Shark | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Soupfin Shark | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Spiny Dogfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Big Skate | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | California Skate | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Longnose Skate | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Ratfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Fingerling Codling | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Pacific Rattail | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Cabezon | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Kelp Greenling | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | California Scorpionfish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Cowcod | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| WA, OR, CA Groundfish | Treefish | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Western Pacific Crustaceans | Spiny Lobster (2 species) | WPFMC | No | No | Stock Level | ||
| Western Pacific Crustaceans | Slipper Lobster | WPFMC | No | No | Stock Level | ||
| Western Pacific Corals(12) | Pink Corals (3 species) | WPFMC | No | No | Stock Level | ||
| Western Pacific Corals12 | Gold Corals (4 species) | WPFMC | No | No | Stock Level | ||
| Western Pacific Corals12 | Bamboo Corals (2 species) | WPFMC | No | No | Stock Level | ||
| Western Pacific Corals12 | Black Corals (3 species) | WPFMC | No | No | Stock Level | ||
| Bottomfish and Seamount Groundfish of the Western Pacific |
Pelagic Armorhead |
WPFMC |
Yes |
N/A |
Stock Level | ||
| Bottomfish and Seamount Groundfish of the Western Pacific |
Squirrelfish Snapper (Main Hawaiian Islands) |
WPFMC |
Yes |
N/A |
Stock Level | ||
| Bottomfish and Seamount Groundfish of the Western Pacific |
Longtail Snapper (Main Hawaiian Islands) |
WPFMC |
Yes |
N/A |
Stock Level | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| Bottomfish and Seamount Groundfish of the Western Pacific |
Seabass (Main Hawaiian Islands) |
WPFMC |
No |
Yes |
Stock Level | ||
| Bottomfish and Seamount Groundfish of the Western Pacific |
Squirrelfish Snapper (Northwest Hawaiian Islands) |
WPFMC |
No |
No |
Stock Level | ||
| Bottomfish and Seamount Groundfish of the Western Pacific |
Longtail Snapper (Northwest Hawaiian Islands) |
WPFMC |
No |
No |
Stock Level | ||
| Bottomfish and Seamount Groundfish of the Western Pacific |
Silverjaw Jobfish |
WPFMC |
No |
No |
Stock Level | ||
| Bottomfish and Seamount Groundfish of the Western Pacific |
Gray Jobfish |
WPFMC |
No |
No |
Stock Level | ||
| Bottomfish and Seamount Groundfish of the Western Pacific |
Bluestripe Snapper |
WPFMC |
No |
No |
Stock Level | ||
| Bottomfish and Seamount Groundfish of the Western Pacific |
Yellowtail Snapper |
WPFMC |
No |
No |
Stock Level | ||
| Bottomfish and Seamount Groundfish of the Western Pacific |
Pink Snapper |
WPFMC |
No |
No |
Stock Level | ||
| Bottomfish and Seamount Groundfish of the Western Pacific |
Yelloweye Snapper |
WPFMC |
No |
No |
Stock Level | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| Bottomfish and Seamount Groundfish of the Western Pacific |
Snapper Pristipomoides sieboldil |
WPFMC |
No |
No |
Stock Level | ||
| Bottomfish and Seamount Groundfish of the Western Pacific |
Snapper Pristipomoides zonatus |
WPFMC |
No |
No |
Stock Level | ||
| Bottomfish and Seamount Groundfish of the Western Pacific |
Giant Trevally |
WPFMC |
No |
No |
Stock Level | ||
| Bottomfish and Seamount Groundfish of the Western Pacific |
Black Jack |
WPFMC |
No |
No |
Stock Level | ||
| Bottomfish and Seamount Groundfish of the Western Pacific |
Thick Lipped Trevally |
WPFMC |
No |
No |
Stock Level | ||
| Bottomfish and Seamount Groundfish of the Western Pacific |
Amberjack |
WPFMC |
No |
No |
Stock Level | ||
| Bottomfish and Seamount Groundfish of the Western Pacific |
Blacktip Grouper |
WPFMC |
No |
No |
Stock Level | ||
| Bottomfish and Seamount Groundfish of the Western Pacific |
Seabass (Northwest Hawaiian Islands) |
WPFMC |
No |
No |
Stock Level | ||
| Bottomfish and Seamount Groundfish of the Western Pacific |
Lunartail Grouper |
WPFMC |
No |
No |
Stock Level | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| Bottomfish and Seamount Groundfish of the Western Pacific |
Ambon Emperor |
WPFMC |
No |
No |
Stock Level | ||
| Bottomfish and Seamount Groundfish of the Western Pacific |
Redgill Emperor |
WPFMC |
No |
No |
Stock Level | ||
| Bottomfish and Seamount Groundfish of the Western Pacific |
Alfonsin |
WPFMC |
Unknown |
Unknown |
Stock Level | ||
| Bottomfish and Seamount Groundfish of the Western Pacific |
Ratfish |
WPFMC |
Unknown |
Unknown |
Stock Level | ||
| Western Pacific Pelagics | Yellowfin Tuna (Central Western Pacific) | WPFMC | No | No | Stock Level | ||
| Western Pacific Pelagics | Albacore (South Pacific) | WPFMC | No | No | Stock Level | ||
| Western Pacific Pelagics | Albacore (North Pacific) | WPFMC | No | No | Stock Level | ||
| Western Pacific Pelagics | Yellowfin Tuna (Eastern Tropical Pacific) | WPFMC | No | No | Stock Level | ||
| Western Pacific Pelagics | Skipjack Tuna (Central Western Pacific) | WPFMC | No | No | Stock Level | ||
| Western Pacific Pelagics | Skipjack Tuna (Eastern Tropical Pacific) | WPFMC | No | No | Stock Level | ||
| Western Pacific Pelagics | Striped Marlin | WPFMC | No | No | Stock Level | ||
| Western Pacific Pelagics | Black Marlin | WPFMC | No | Unknown | Stock Level | ||
| Western Pacific Pelagics | Bigeye Tuna (Pacific) | WPFMC | No | Unknown | Stock Level | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
|
Western Pacific Pelagics |
Other tuna relatives
|
Auxis spp. | WPFMC | No | Unknown | Stock Level | |
| Scomber spp. | WPFMC | No | Unknown | Stock Level | |||
| Allothunnus spp. | WPFMC | No | Unknown | Stock Level | |||
| Western Pacific Pelagics | Swordfish (Pacific) | WPFMC | No | Unknown | Stock Level | ||
| Western Pacific Pelagics | Sailfish (Pacific) | WPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Stock Level | ||
| Western Pacific Pelagics | Shortbill Spearfish (Pacific) | WPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Stock Level | ||
| Western Pacific Pelagics | Wahoo (Pacific) | WPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Stock Level | ||
| Western Pacific Pelagics | Mahimahi (Pacific) | WPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Stock Level | ||
| Western Pacific Pelagics | Pelagic Sharks (Pacific) | WPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Stock Level | ||
| Western Pacific Pelagics | Blue Marlin (Pacific) | WPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Stock Level | ||
| Western Pacific Pelagics | Opah | WPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Stock Level | ||
| Western Pacific Pelagics | Oilfish | WPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Stock Level | ||
| Western Pacific Pelagics | Escolar | WPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Stock Level | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Walleye Pollock | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Pacific Cod | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Sablefish | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Atka Mackerel | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Thornyhead Rockfish | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Dusky Rockfish | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Dover Sole | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Flathead Sole | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Rex Sole | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Arrowtooth Flounder | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Pacific Ocean Perch | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Shortraker Rockfish | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Rougheye Rockfish | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Sculpins | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Sharks | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Skates | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Eulachon | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Smelts | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Capelin | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Rock Sole | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Rattail | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Squid | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Octopus | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Greenland Turbot | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Black Rockfish | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Blue Rockfish | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Widow Rockfish | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Yellowtail Rockfish | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Canary Rockfish | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | China Rockfish | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Copper Rockfish | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Quillback Rockfish | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Rosethorn Rockfish | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Tiger Rockfish | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Yelloweye Rockfish | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Aurora Rockfish | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Blackgill Rockfish | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Bocaccio Rockfish | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Chilipepper Rockfish | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Darkblotch Rockfish | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Greenstriped Rockfish | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Harlequin Rockfish | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Pygmy Rockfish | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock
|
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Redbanded Rockfish | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Redstripe Rockfish | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Sharpchin Rockfish | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Shortbelly Rockfish | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Silvergray Rockfish | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Splitnose Rockfish | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Stripetail Rockfish | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Vermilion Rockfish | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Gulf of Alaska Groundfish | Yellowmouth Rockfish | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Alaska High Seas Salmon | Pink Salmon | NPFMC | No | No | Stock Level | ||
| Alaska High Seas Salmon | Sockeye Salmon | NPFMC | No | No | Stock Level | ||
| Alaska High Seas Salmon | Chum Salmon | NPFMC | No | No | Stock Level | ||
| Alaska High Seas Salmon | Coho Salmon | NPFMC | No | No | Stock Level | ||
| Alaska High Seas Salmon | Chinook Salmon | NPFMC | No | No | Stock Level | ||
| Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish | Walleye Pollock | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish | Pacific Cod | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish | Yellowfin Sole | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock
|
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish | Greenland Turbot | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish | Arrowtooth Flounder | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish | Rock Sole | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish | Flathead Sole | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish | Sablefish | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish | Pacific Ocean Perch | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish | Sharpchin / Northern Rockfish | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish | Shortraker / Rougheye Rockfish | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish | Atka Mackerel | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish | Squid | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish | Alaska Plaice | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish | Rex Sole | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock
|
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish | Butter Sole | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish | Longhead Dab | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish | Dover Sole | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish | Starry Flounder | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish | Rattails | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish | Shortspine Thornyhead | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish | Sculpins | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish | Sharks | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish | Skates | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish | Eulachon | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish | Smelts | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish | Capelin | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock
|
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | ||
| Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish | Octopus | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish | Dusky Rockfish | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish | Darkblotched Rockfish | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish | Yelloweye Rockfish | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish | Blue Rockfish | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
|
Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands King and Tanner Crabs |
Blue King Crab |
Pribilof Islands | NPFMC | No | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Saint Matthew Island | NPFMC | No | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | |||
| Saint Lawrence Island | NPFMC | Unknown2 | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | |||
|
Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands King and Tanner Crabs |
Brown King Crab |
Aleutians | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Pribilof Islands | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | |||
| Northern District | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | |||
|
Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands King and Tanner Crabs |
Red King Crab |
Bristol Bay | NPFMC | No | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Norton Sound | NPFMC | No | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | |||
| Pribilof Islands | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | |||
| Aleutians | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | |||
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock
|
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | |
| Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands King and Tanner Crabs | Bering Sea Snow Crab | NPFMC | No | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
|
Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands King and Tanner Crabs |
Tanner Crab |
Bering Sea | NPFMC | No | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate |
| Eastern Aleutians | NPFMC | Unknown2 | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Adak (Western Aleutians) | NPFMC | Unknown2 | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | ||
| Alaska Scallops | Alaska Scallops | NPFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Swordfish | Swordfish (North Atlantic) | HMS | Yes1 | N/A | Stock Level | |
| Atlantic Billfishes | Blue Marlin (North Atlantic) | HMS | Yes1 | N/A | Stock Level | |
| Atlantic Billfishes | White Marlin (North Atlantic) | HMS | Yes1 | N/A | Stock Level | |
| Atlantic Billfishes | Sailfish (West Atlantic) | HMS | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition4 | |
| Atlantic Billfishes | Spearfish (West Atlantic) | HMS | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition6 | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Sandbar Shark | HMS | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Blacktip Shark | HMS | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Dusky Shark | HMS | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Spinner Shark | HMS | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Silky Shark | HMS | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Bull Shark | HMS | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Bignose Shark | HMS | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Narrowtooth Shark | HMS | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock
|
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Galapagos Shark | HMS | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Night Shark | HMS | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Caribbean Reef Shark | HMS | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Tiger Shark | HMS | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Lemon Shark | HMS | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Sand Tiger Shark | HMS | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Bigeye Sand Tiger Shark | HMS | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Nurse Shark | HMS | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Scalloped Hammerhead Shark | HMS | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Great Hammerhead Shark | HMS | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Smooth Hammerhead Shark | HMS | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Whale Shark | HMS | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Basking Shark | HMS | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | White Shark | HMS | Yes | N/A | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Atlantic Sharpnose Shark | HMS | No | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Caribbean Sharpnose Shark | HMS | No | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Finetooth Shark | HMS | No | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Blacknose Shark | HMS | No | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Smalltail Shark | HMS | No | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
|
Fishery Management Plan |
Stock
|
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Bonnethead Shark | HMS | No | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Atlantic Angel Shark | HMS | No | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Shortfin Mako Shark | HMS | No | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Longfin Mako Shark | HMS | No | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Porbeagle Shark | HMS | No | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Thresher Shark | HMS | No | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Bigeye Thresher Shark | HMS | No | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Blue Shark | HMS | No | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Oceanic Whitetip Shark | HMS | No | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Sevengill Shark | HMS | No | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Sixgill Shark | HMS | No | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
| Atlantic Sharks | Bigeye Sixgill Sharks | HMS | No | Unknown | Fishing Mortality Rate | |
Table A2. Summary of Stock Status for Species not Contained in
Federal Fishery Management Plans
|
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition |
| Atlantic Halibut | NEFMC | Yes(13) | N/A | Stock Level |
| Tilefish | MAFMC | Yes13 | N/A | Stock Level |
| Little Skate | NEFMC / MAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition(14) |
| Winter Skate | NEFMC / MAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition14 |
| Barndoor Skate | NEFMC / MAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition14 |
| Thorny Skate | NEFMC / MAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition14 |
| Brier Skate | NEFMC / MAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition14 |
| Leopard Skate | NEFMC / MAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition14 |
| Smooth-tailed Skate | NEFMC / MAFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition14 |
| Weakfish | ASMFC | Yes13 | N/A | Stock Level |
| Spotted Seatrout | ASMFC | Yes13 | N/A | Stock Level |
| Spot | ASMFC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition(15) |
| Atlantic Croaker | ASMFC | Yes13 | N/A | Stock Level |
| Atlantic Menhaden | ASMFC | No13 | Unknown | Stock Level |
| Striped Bass | ASMFC | No13 | Unknown | Stock Level |
| Northern Shrimp | ASMFC | No13 | Unknown | Stock Level |
| Atlantic Sturgeon | ASMFC | Yes13 | N/A | Stock Level |
|
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition |
| Gulf Menhaden | GSMFC | No13 | Unknown | Stock Level |
| Black Drum | GSMFC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition15 |
| Pacific Bonito | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition15 |
| California Barracuda | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition15 |
| White Seabass | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition15 |
| White Croaker | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition15 |
| Yellowtail | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition15 |
| Giant Squid | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition15 |
| Mackerel Scad | WPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition15 |
| Bigeye Scad | WPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition15 |
| Pacific Halibut | PFMC and NPFMC(16)
|
No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate |
| Sea Snails | NPFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition15 |
Table A3. Species Contained in Federal Fishery Management Plans
Under Development
|
Stock |
Jurisdiction |
Overfished? |
Approaching Overfished Condition? |
Basis of Overfishing Definition |
| Bigeye Tuna (Atlantic) | HMS | No13 | Unknown | Stock Level |
| Albacore (North Atlantic) | HMS | No13 | Unknown | Stock Level |
| Yellowfin Tuna (West Atlantic) | HMS | No13 | Unknown | Stock Level |
| Skipjack Tuna (West Atlantic) | HMS | No13 | Unknown | Stock Level |
| Bluefin Tuna (West Atlantic) | HMS | Yes13 | N/A | Stock Level |
| Bonito (Atlantic) | HMS | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition14 |
| Atlantic Herring | NEFMC | No | No | Fishing Mortality Rate |
| Monkfish | NEFMC / MAFMC | Yes | N/A | Stock Level |
| Spiny Dogfish | NEFMC / MAFMC | No13 | Unknown | Stock Level |
| Pacific Sardine | PFMC | Yes13 | N/A | Stock Level |
| Pacific (Chub) Mackerel | PFMC | Yes13 | N/A | Stock Level |
| Jack Mackerel | PFMC | No13 | Unknown | Stock Level |
| Market Squid | PFMC | Unknown | Unknown | No Definition14 |
1. Used assessment from Our Living Oceans; FMP contains no overfishing definition.
2. Current fishing mortality estimate for this stock is unknown.
3. The full name for this FMP is the Coral, Coral Reefs, and Live / Hard Bottom Habitats of the South Atlantic Region.
4. There is no overfishing definition contained in the FMP; the definition for determining the overfished status is based on the definition in Our Living Oceans.
5. The full name for this FMP is the Coral and Coral Reefs of the Gulf of Mexico.
6. There is no overfishing definition contained in the FMP, and no definition for determining the overfished status in Our Living Oceans.
7. The full name for this FMP is the Spiny Lobster Fishery of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
8. Stock assessment is 6 years old.
9. The full name for this FMP is the Reef Fish Fishery of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
10. The full name for this FMP is the Queen Conch Resources of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
11. The full name for this FMP is the Corals and Reef Associated Invertebrates of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
12. The full name for this FMP is the Precious Corals Fishery of the Western Pacific Region.
13. Used assessment from Our Living Oceans; there is no FMP for this species.
14. There is no FMP for this species, and no definition for determining the overfished status in Our Living Oceans.
15. There is no FMP for this species; the definition for determining the overfished status is based on the definition in Our Living Oceans.
16. The resource is managed by treaty between the United States
and Canada through recommendations of the International Pacific
Halibut Commission. Pacific halibut is managed under the jurisdiction of the PFMC for WA,
OR, and CA and under the jurisdiction
of the NPFMC for Alaska.
Appendix 1. Overfishing Definitions Contained in Fishery Management
Plans
The following definitions are as contained in the Fishery Management Plans, with minor editing changes to maintain consistency of terms. See Appendix 5 for definitions of acronyms used in this appendix.
Atlantic Sea Scallop - Overfishing is defined as a fishing
mortality rate that, if continued, results in a spawning stock biomass of 5% of
the maximum spawning potential (MSP). The corresponding target fishing mortality (F) will be
calculated as a level that will result in
a 5% MSP under equilibrium conditions.
Atlantic Salmon - No overfishing definition exists in the FMP.
American Lobster - The American lobster resource is considered recruitment
overfished when, throughout its range, the fishing
mortality rate (F), given the regulations in place at that time under the suite of regional
management measures, results in a reduction in
estimated egg production per recruit to 10% or less of a non-fished population.
The development of the status of the stock report and the evaluation of the fishery induced
effects will consider information based
upon one or more indices including, but not limited to: Larval abundance index in surface waters;
larval settlement index; pre-recruit
indices by year-class; landings; size composition of the landings spawning stock biomass;
numbers of egg-bearing females; effort
levels and catch-per-unit-of-effort (CPUE); and possible development of relationships of
biological parameters to water temperature or
other environmental parameters.
Northeast Multispecies
Cod (Gulf of Maine, Georges Bank) - Overfishing occurs when the fishing
mortality rate exceeds the rate associated with 20% MSP.
Haddock (Georges Bank, Gulf of Maine) - Overfishing is defined for Gulf
of Maine haddock as the fishing mortality rate associated
with 20% MSP, and for Georges Bank haddock, the fishing mortality rate associated with 30%
MSP.
Yellowtail Flounder (Georges Bank, Southern New England, Cape Cod, Middle
Atlantic) - Overfishing occurs when the fishing
mortality rate exceeds the rate associated with 20% MSP.
American Plaice - Overfishing occurs when the fishing mortality rate
exceeds the rate associated with 20% MSP.
Redfish - Overfishing occurs when the fishing mortality rate exceeds the
rate associated with 20% MSP.
Witch Flounder - Overfishing occurs when the fishing mortality rate
exceeds the rate associated with 20% MSP.
White Hake - Overfishing occurs when the 3-year moving average of the
species abundance index from the Northeast Fisheries
Science Center's bottom trawl survey falls below the lowest quartile of the time series.
Pollock - Overfishing occurs when the fishing mortality rate exceeds the
rate associated with 20% MSP.
Windowpane Flounder - Overfishing occurs when the 3-year moving
average of the species abundance index from the Northeast
Fisheries Science Center's bottom trawl survey falls below the lowest quartile of the time series.
Winter Flounder (Georges Bank, Gulf of Maine, Southern New England) -
Overfishing occurs when the fishing mortality rate
exceeds the rate associated with 20% MSP.
Silver Hake (Gulf of Maine / Northern Georges Bank, Southern Georges Bank /
Middle Atlantic) - Overfishing occurs whenever
the 4-year running average percent maximum spawning potential (%MSP) is less than the
threshold %MSP, which is 31% for the
Maine / Northern Georges Bank stock and 42% for the Southern Georges Bank / Mid-Atlantic
stock.
Red Hake - Overfishing occurs when the 3-year moving average of the
species abundance index from the Northeast Fisheries Science
Center's bottom trawl survey falls below the lowest quartile of the time series.
Ocean Pout - Overfishing occurs when the 3-year moving average of the
species abundance index from the Northeast Fisheries
Science Center's bottom trawl survey falls below the lowest quartile of the time series.
Summer Flounder, Scup, and Black Sea Bass
Scup - Overfishing is defined as fishing in excess of Fmax.
Summer Flounder - Overfishing is defined as fishing in excess of
Fmax.
Black Sea Bass - Overfishing is defined as fishing in excess of
Fmax.
Bluefish (except Gulf of Mexico) - Overfishing is defined as a level of fishing that
exceeds the fishing mortality rate that results in the
highest sustainable yield (MSY).
Surf Clams and Ocean Quahogs
Surf Clam - The overfishing definition for surf clams is the fishing
mortality rate of F20% (20% of MSP).
Ocean Quahog - The overfishing definition for ocean quahogs is the
fishing mortality rate of F25% (25% MSP).
Atlantic Mackerel, Squid, and Butterfish
Illex Squid - Overfishing is defined as when the catch associated with a
threshold fishing mortality of F20% is exceeded.
Loligo Squid - Overfishing is defined to occur when the catch associated
with a threshold fishing mortality rate of Fmax is exceeded.
Atlantic Mackerel - Overfishing is defined as the catch of Atlantic
mackerel that exceeds the annual allowable biological catch
(ABC) for the species. The fishing mortality rate associated with the total catch of Atlantic
mackerel shall not exceed F0.1. ABC is the
allowable biological catch in U.S. waters for the upcoming year and C is defined as the quantity
of mackerel that is expected to be
caught in Canadian waters. ABC + C = Total catch of mackerel. In addition, a spawning stock
size (S) of no less than 900,000 mt
shall be maintained at the end of the fishing year for which estimates and quotas are being
prepared.
Butterfish (Atlantic) - Overfishing is defined to occur when the 3-year
moving average of pre-recruits from the Northeast Fisheries
Science Center's autumn bottom trawl falls within the lowest quartile of the time series or when
the landings exceed a threshold
fishing mortality of Fmsy.
Golden Crab - Overfishing is defined as any rate of fishing mortality in excess of
Fmsy for golden crab in the South Atlantic Council's
management area.
Shrimp Fishery of the South Atlantic
White Shrimp - Overfishing is indicated when the overwintering white
shrimp population within a state's water declines by 80% or
more following severe winter weather resulting in prolonged cold water temperatures.
Continued fishing following such a decline may
reduce the reproductive capacity of the stock affecting subsequent recruitment and would be
considered overfishing.
Rock Shrimp - The South Atlantic rock shrimp resource is overfished
when the annual landings exceed the value which is two
standard deviations above mean landings for the period 1986-1994. This level, based on the
more accurate state data, is approximately
6,829,449 pounds, heads on.
Brown Shrimp - The South Atlantic brown shrimp resources are
overfished when annual landings fall below two standard deviations
below mean landings for the period 1957-1993 for 3 consecutive years (2,946,157 pounds, heads
on).
Pink Shrimp - The South Atlantic pink shrimp resources are overfished
when annual landings fall below two standard deviations
below mean landings for the period 1957-1993 for 3 consecutive years (286,293 pounds, heads
on).
South Atlantic Snapper-Grouper
Jewfish -
1. Jewfish are overfished when the stock is below the level of 40% of the spawning stock biomass per recruit that would occur in the absence of fishing.
2. When jewfish are overfished, overfishing is defined as harvesting at a rate that is not consistent with a program that has been established to rebuild the stock or stock complex to the 40% spawning stock biomass per recruit level.
3. When jewfish are not overfished, overfishing is defined as a harvesting rate that, if continued, would lead to a state of the stock or stock complex that would not at least allow a harvest of OY on a continuing basis.
4. The threshold level is 30% SSBR; below this level, no harvest or possession of jewfish is
allowed.
Note: The definition of Optimum Yield for jewfish is 40% SSBR.
Nassau Grouper, Vermilion Snapper, Red Porgy, Gag, Red Snapper, Scamp,
Speckled Hind, Snowy Grouper, Warsaw
Grouper, Golden Tilefish, White Grunt, Black Sea Bass, Gray Triggerfish, Queen Triggerfish,
Ocean Triggerfish, Yellow
Jack, Blue Runner, Crevalle Jack, Bar Jack, Greater Amberjack, Lesser Amberjack, Almaco
Jack, Banded Rudderfish,
Spadefish, Black Margate, Porkfish, Margate, Tomtate, Smallmouth Grunt, French Grunt,
Spanish Grunt, Cottonwick,
Sailors Choice, Blue Stripe Grunt, Hogfish, Puddingwife, Black Snapper, Queen Snapper,
Mutton Snapper, Schoolmaster,
Blackfin Snapper, Cubera Snapper, Gray Snapper, Mahogany Snapper, Dog Snapper, Lane
Snapper, Silk Snapper,
Yellowtail Snapper, Blueline Tilefish, Sand Tilefish, Wreckfish, Bank Sea Bass, Rock Sea Bass,
Rock Hind, Graysby,
Yellowedge Grouper, Coney, Red Hind, Red Grouper, Misty Grouper, Black Grouper,
Yellowmouth Grouper, Tiger Grouper,
Yellowfin Grouper, Sheepshead, Grass Porgy, Jolthead Porgy, Saucereye Porgy, Whitebone
Porgy, Knobbed Porgy,
Longspine Porgy, Scup -
1. A snapper-grouper stock or stock complex is overfished when it is below the level of 30% of the spawning stock biomass per recruit that would occur in the absence of fishing.
2. When a snapper-grouper stock or stock complex is overfished, overfishing is defined as harvesting at a rate that is not consistent with a program that has been established to rebuild the stock or stock complex to the 30% spawning stock biomass per recruit level.
3. When a snapper-grouper stock or stock complex is not overfished, overfishing is defined
as a harvesting rate that, if continued,
would lead to a state of the stock or stock complex that would not at least allow a harvest of OY
on a continuing basis.
Note: For a snapper-grouper stock or stock complex, Optimum Yield is defined as 30%
SSBR.
Red Drum (Atlantic coast) - Overfishing is defined as a fishing mortality rate that
will, if continued, reduce the spawning potential
ratio (SPR) below 30% of the level that would exist at equilibrium without fishing.
Coral, Coral Reefs, and Live / Hard Bottom Habitats of the South Atlantic Region
Fire Corals, Hydrocorals, Octocorals, Stony Corals, Black Corals -
Overfishing is defined as an annual level of harvest that
exceeds optimum yield (OY). OY for coral reefs, stony corals, hydrocorals, black corals,
seafans, and live rock is zero, except as may
be authorized for scientific and educational purposes. Harvest of allowable octocorals in the
EEZ is not to exceed 50,000 colonies per
year (Gulf and South Atlantic EEZ combined).
Stone Crab - Overfishing exists when the realized egg production per recruit is
reduced below 70% of potential production.
Overfishing will be avoided when there is a minimum claw length (length of propodus) that
assures survival of the crabs to achieve
70% egg production per recruit potential.
Shrimp Fishery of the Gulf of Mexico
Brown Shrimp - Recruitment overfishing is indicated where parent stock
levels are reduced below 125 million shrimp. This value is
slightly lower than the 1983 level of parent stock, which is the lowest observed value since 1960.
Parent stock is defined for brown
shrimp as the number of age 7+ (months) shrimp during the November through February period.
Pink Shrimp - Recruitment overfishing in the eastern Gulf of Mexico
(statistical areas 1-12) is indicated where parent stock levels are
reduced below 100 million shrimp. Parent stock is defined for pink shrimp as the number of 5+
(months) shrimp during the July
through June period. Pink shrimp in the western U.S. Gulf were not included in this definition
because mixed catches of brown and
pink shrimp are not separated and are landed, sold, and statistically treated as brown shrimp.
White Shrimp - Recruitment overfishing is indicated where parent stock
levels are reduced below 330 million shrimp. Parent stock is
defined for pink shrimp as the number of age 7+ (months) shrimp during the May through
August period.
Royal Red Shrimp - Recruitment overfishing is defined as fishing greater
than optimum yield (OY). OY is set at MSY (maximum
sustainable yield), which was estimated to be 392,000 pounds of tails over 1,290 days fished.
Royal red shrimp differ from penaeid
shrimp in that they are not estuarine dependent but exist in a relatively constant environment in
the deeper waters of the Gulf of
Mexico (100 to 300 fathoms). Thus, they conform more closely to a classical Schaefer-type
fishery.
Rock Shrimp, Seabob Shrimp - No overfishing definition exists in the
FMP.
Coral and Coral Reefs of the Gulf of Mexico
Fire Corals, Hydrocorals, Octocorals, Stony Corals, Black Corals -
Overfishing is defined as an annual level of harvest that
exceeds optimum yield (OY). OY for coral reefs, stony corals, hydrocorals, black corals,
seafans, and live rock is zero, except as may
be authorized for scientific and educational purposes. Harvest of allowable octocorals in the
EEZ is not to exceed 50,000 colonies per
year (Gulf and South Atlantic EEZ combined).
Spiny Lobster Fishery of the South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico
Spiny Lobster - Overfishing exists when the eggs-per-recruit (EPR) ratio
of the exploited population to the unexploited population is
reduced below 5% and recruitment of small lobsters into the fishery has declined for 3
consecutive fishing years. Overfishing will be
avoided when the EPR ratio of exploited to unexploited populations is maintained above 5%.
Slipper Lobster - No overfishing definition exists in the FMP.
Coastal Migratory Pelagics of the South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico
Gulf and Atlantic group King Mackerel, Gulf and Atlantic group Spanish Mackerel,
Cobia A mackerel and cobia stock shall be
considered overfished if the spawning potential ratio (SPR) is less than the target level
percentage recommended by the assessment
panel, approved by the Scientific and Statistical Committee (SSC) and adopted by the Councils.
The target level percentage shall not
be less than 20%. Based on the recommendation of the assessment panel and approved by the
SSC, the Councils and the Regional
Director have approved a SPR of 30% for king and Spanish mackerel. No SPR estimate has
been calculated for cobia. In the absence
of an SPR estimate, an MSY of 2.2 million pounds is substituted. The MSY is based on the
average annual landings (commercial and
recreational) for the period 1984 - 1991.
Cero, Dolphin, Little Tunny, Bluefish (Gulf of Mexico only) - No
overfishing definition exists in the FMP.
Reef Fish of the Gulf of Mexico
Red Snapper, Nassau Grouper, Jewfish, Vermilion Snapper, Greater Amberjack,
Gray Triggerfish, Queen Triggerfish, Lesser
Amberjack, Almaco Jack, Banded Rudderfish, Tomtate, White Grunt, Pigfish, Hogfish, Queen
Snapper, Mutton Snapper,
Schoolmaster, Blackfin Snapper, Cubera Snapper, Gray (Mangrove) Snapper, Dog Snapper,
Mahogany Snapper, Lane
Snapper, Silk Snapper, Yellowtail Snapper, Wenchman, Goldface Tilefish, Blackline Tilefish,
Anchor Tilefish, Blueline
Tilefish, Tilefish, Bank Sea Bass, Rock Sea Bass, Black Sea Bass, Dwarf Sand Perch, Sand
Perch, Rock Hind, Speckled Hind,
Yellowedge Grouper, Red Hind, Red Grouper, Misty Grouper, Warsaw Grouper, Snowy
Grouper, Black Grouper,
Yellowmouth Grouper, Gag, Scamp, Yellowfin Grouper, Grass Porgy, Jolthead Porgy, Knobbed
Porgy, Littlehead Porgy,
Pinfish, Red Porgy - A reef fish stock is overfished when it is below the level of 20%
of the spawning potential ratio (SPR) that
would occur in the absence of fishing.
When a reef fish stock or stock complex is overfished, overfishing is defined as harvesting at
a rate that is not consistent with a
program that has been established to rebuild the stock or stock complex to the 20% SPR level.
When a reef fish stock or stock complex is not overfished, overfishing is defined as a
harvesting rate that if continued would lead to a
state of the stock or stock complex that would not at least allow a harvest of optimum yield on a
continuing basis.
Red Drum - (Gulf of Mexico) Overfishing is defined as a fishing mortality that
prohibits attaining the spawning stock goal or
threshold, which is currently set at a 20% spawning stock biomass ratio.
Spiny Lobster (Caribbean) - A spiny lobster stock or stock complex is overfished
when it is below the level of 20% of the Spawning
Potential Ratio (SPR).
When a spiny lobster stock or stock complex is overfished, overfishing is defined as the
harvesting rate that is not consistent with a
program that has been established to rebuild the stock or stock complex to the 20% SPR.
When a spiny lobster stock or stock complex is not overfished, overfishing is defined as a
harvesting rate that, if continued, would lead
to a state that would not allow harvest at OY on a continuing basis.
The SPR for spiny lobsters is measured in terms of eggs per recruit. For monitoring the
SPR, the method described by Gregory et al.
(1982) will be used to compare female fecundity by length class within fished areas to that in
unfished areas.
Reef Fish Fishery of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands
Nassau Grouper, Jewfish, Ocean Surgeonfish, Doctorfish, Blue Tang, Frogfish,
Flamefish, Conchfish, Trumpetfish, Scrawled
Filefish, Queen Triggerfish, Whitespotted Filefish, Ocean Triggerfish, Black Durgon, Sargassum
Triggerfish, Redlip Blenny,
Peacock Flounder, Yellow Jack, Blue Runner, Horse-eye Jack, Black Jack, Bar Jack, Greater
Amberjack, Almaco Jack,
Longsnout Butterflyfish, Foureye Butterflyfish, Spotfin Butterflyfish, Banded Butterflyfish,
Redspotted Hawkfish, Flying
Gurnard, Atlantic Spadefish, Neon Goby, Rusty Goby, Royal Gramma, Porkfish, Margate,
Tomtate, French Grunt, White
Grunt, Bluestriped Grunt, Squirrelfish, Longspine Squirrelfish, Blackbar Soldierfish, Cardinal
Soldierfish, Spanish Hogfish,
Creole Wrasse, Yellowcheek Wrasse, Yellowhead Wrasse, Clown Wrasse, Puddingwife, Pearly
Razorfish, Green Razorfish,
Hogfish, Bluehead Wrasse, Black Snapper, Queen Snapper, Mutton Snapper, Schoolmaster,
Blackfin Snapper, Gray Snapper,
Dog Snapper, Mahogany Snapper, Lane Snapper, Silk Snapper, Yellowtail Snapper, Wenchman,
Vermilion Snapper,
Blackline Tilefish, Sand Tilefish, Yellow Goatfish, Spotted Goatfish, Chain
Moray, Green Moray, Goldentail Moray, Batfish,
Goldspotted Eel, Yellowhead Jawfish, Dusky Jawfish, Spotted Trunkfish, Honeycomb Cowfish,
Scrawled Cowfish, Trunkfish,
Smooth Trunkfish, Cherubfish, Queen Angelfish, Rock Beauty, Gray Angelfish, French
Angelfish, Sergeant Major, Blue
Chromis, Sunshinefish, Yellowtail Damselfish, Dusky Damselfish, Beaugregory, Bicolor
Damselfish, Threespot Damselfish,
Bigeye, Glasseye Snapper, Midnight Parrotfish, Blue Parrotfish, Striped Parrotfish, Rainbow
Parrotfish, Princess Parrotfish,
Queen Parrotfish, Redband Parrotfish, Redtail Parrotfish, Redfin Parrotfish, Stoplight Parrotfish,
High-hat, Jackknife-fish,
Spotted Drum, Scorpionfishes, Rock Hind, Graysby, Yellowedge Grouper, Coney, Red Hind,
Red Grouper, Misty Grouper,
Butter Hamlet, Swissguard Basslet, Yellowfin Grouper, Tiger Grouper, Creole-fish, Greater
Soapfish, Orangeback Bass,
Lantern Bass, Tobaccofish, Harlequin Bass, Chalk Bass, Caribbean Tonguefish, Sea Bream,
Jolthead Porgy, Sheepshead
Porgy, Pluma, Seahorses, Pipefishes, Sand Diver, Sharpnose Puffer, Porcupinefish - A
reef fish stock or stock complex is
overfished when it is below the level of 20% of the spawning stock biomass per recruit (SSBR)
that would occur in the absence of
fishing.
When a reef fish stock or stock complex is overfished, overfishing is defined as harvesting at
a rate that is not consistent with a
program that has been established to rebuild the stock or stock complex to the 20% SPR level.
When a reef fish stock or stock complex is not overfished, overfishing is defined as a
harvesting rate that, if continued, would lead to a
state of the stock or stock complex that would not at least allow a harvest of OY on a continuing
basis.
Queen Conch Resources of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands
Queen Conch - A queen conch stock is overfished when it is below the
level of 20% of the spawning stock biomass per recruit
(SSBR) that would occur in the absence of fishing.
When a queen conch stock is overfished, overfishing is defined as harvesting at a rate that is
not consistent with a program that has
been established to rebuild the stock to the 20% SSBR level.
When a queen conch stock is not overfished, overfishing is defined as a harvesting rate that,
if continued, would lead to a state of the
stock or stock complex that would not at least allow a harvest of OY on a continuing basis.
Atlantic Triton's Trumpet, Cameo Helmet, Caribbean Helmet, Caribbean Vase,
Flame Helmet, Green Star Shell, Hawkwing
Conch, Milk Conch, Roostertail Conch, True Tulip, West Indian Fighting Conch, Whelk (West
Indian Top Shell) - No
overfishing definition exists in the FMP.
Corals and Reef Associated Invertebrates of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands
Sponges, Hydrocorals, Hydroids, Soft Corals, Gorgonian Corals, Hard Corals,
Black Corals, Anemones, Colonial Anemones,
False Corals, Annelid Worms, other Gastropods, Bivalves, Cephalopods, Crustaceans,
Bryozoans, Feather Stars, Sea Stars,
Brittle and Basket Stars, Sea Urchins, Sea Cucumbers, Tunicates, Green Algae, Red Algae,
Seagrasses Overfishing is defined as
an annual level of harvest that exceeds OY. OY for stony corals, octocorals, live-rock and
seagrasses is set at zero, except as may be
authorized for scientific research, education and restoration purposes.
Washington, Oregon, and California Salmon
Chum Salmon, Chinook Salmon (Columbia River, upriver Summer), Chinook
Salmon (Columbia River, upriver Spring),
Chinook Salmon (Columbia River, Snake River, Spring), Chinook Salmon (Skagit River,
Spring), Chinook Salmon (Skagit
River, Summer / Fall), Chinook Salmon (Stillaguamish River, Summer / Fall), Chinook Salmon
(Snohomish River, Summer /
Fall), Chinook Salmon (Lake Washington), Chinook Salmon (Dungeness River), Coho Salmon
(Strait of Juan de Fuca), other
Chinook Salmon stocks, other Coho Salmon stocks, Pink Salmon, Sockeye Salmon -
Overfishing is an occurrence whereby all
mortality, regardless of the source, results in a failure of a salmon stock to meet its annual
spawning escapement goal or management
objective, as specified in Section 3.5 of the salmon FMP for 3 consecutive years, and for which
changes in the fishery management
regime offer the primary opportunity to improve stock status. While this condition is defined as
overfishing in the broad sense, it is
recognized that this situation may also be the result of nonfishing mortality and fishery
management actions may not adequately
address the situation.
When a specific stock or stock grouping fails to meet its annual spawning escapement
objective for 3 consecutive years, the Council
shall appoint a work group to investigate the causes of the apparent shortfall (e.g., due to causes
within or outside of Council control).
The current status of stock productivity and all sources of stock mortality will be examined by
the work group and a report of its
conclusions and recommendations provided to the Council. For those actions within Council
control, the Council may change
analytical or procedural methodologies to improve the accuracy of estimates for abundance,
harvest impact and MSY escapement
levels, and/or to reduce ocean harvest impacts when shown to be effective in stock recovery to
MSY levels.
Stocks without specified goals in the FMP are also provided significant protection against
overfishing because the Council bases its
management on the stock which is first reduced to its annual specified goal level by the fisheries.
Such a stock could be the weakest
stock or an abundant stock which is heavily impacted by ocean salmon fisheries.
Northern Anchovy - No harvest of any kind when the spawning biomass during the
current and preceding season was less than 50,000
mt. Harvests are resumed only when the spawning biomass equals or exceeds 50,000 mt.
Washington, Oregon, and California Groundfish
Lingcod, Canary Rockfish, Pacific Ocean Perch, Shortspine Thornyhead, Bocaccio,
Yellowtail Rockfish, Pacific Whiting,
Sablefish, Dover Sole, English Sole, Petrale Sole, Chilipepper Rockfish, Shortbelly Rockfish,
Longspine Thornyhead, Widow
Rockfish, Jack Mackerel, Pacific Cod, Arrowtooth Flounder, Butter Sole, Curlfin Sole, Flathead
Sole, Pacific Sanddab, Rex
Sole, Rock Sole, Sand Sole, Starry Flounder, Aurora Rockfish, Bank Rockfish, Black Rockfish,
Black-and-Yellow Rockfish,
Blackgill Rockfish, Blue Rockfish, Bronzespotted Rockfish, Brown Rockfish, Calico Rockfish,
China Rockfish, Copper
Rockfish, Darkblotched Rockfish, Dusty Rockfish, Flag Rockfish, Gopher Rockfish, Grass
Rockfish, Greenblotched Rockfish,
Greenspotted Rockfish, Greenstriped Rockfish, Harlequin Rockfish, Honeycomb Rockfish, Kelp
Rockfish, Mexican Rockfish,
Olive Rockfish, Pink Rockfish, Quillback Rockfish, Redbanded Rockfish, Redstripe Rockfish,
Rosethorn Rockfish, Rosy
Rockfish, Rougheye Rockfish, Sharpchin Rockfish, Shortraker Rockfish, Silvergray Rockfish,
Speckled Rockfish, Splitnose
Rockfish, Squarespot Rockfish, Starry Rockfish, Stripetail Rockfish, Tiger Rockfish, Vermilion
Rockfish, Yelloweye Rockfish,
Yellowmouth Rockfish, Leopard Shark, Soupfin Shark, Spiny Dogfish, Big Skate, California
Skate, Longnose Skate, Ratfish,
Fingerling Codling, Pacific Rattail, Cabezon, Kelp Greenling, California Scorpionfish, Cowcod,
Treefish - Overfishing is
defined as exceeding the fishing mortality rate (FOF) that would, in the long term,
reduce spawning biomass per recruit to 20% of its
unfished level.
When spawning biomass is greater than that which produces MSY, set FOF
equal to the greater of F20% and the rate that would, in 1 year,
reduce the spawning biomass to the level that produces MSY.
Overfishing parameters to be compared to the standards cannot be estimated for all species
because of the wide range of knowledge
available for the species managed under the FMP. Three categories of species are identified.
The first includes the few species for
which a quantitative stock assessment can be conducted on the basis of a catch-at-age or other
data. The second category includes a
large number of species for which some biological indicators are available, but a quantitative
analysis cannot be completed. The third
category includes minor species that are caught, but for which there is, at best, only partial
information on landed biomass.
Crustaceans of the Western Pacific
Spiny Lobster - Lobster stocks shall be deemed overfished with regard to
recruitment when the spawning potential ratio (measured
for a specific area) is 0.2 or below.
Slipper Lobster - Lobster stocks shall be deemed overfished with regard to
recruitment when the spawning potential ratio (measured
for a specific area) is 0.2 or below.
Precious Corals of the Western Pacific
Pink Corals, Gold Corals, Bamboo Corals, Black Corals - An established
coral bed shall be deemed overfished with respect to
recruitment when the total spawning biomass (all species combined) has been reduced to 20% of
its unfished condition.
Bottomfish and Seamount Groundfish of the Western Pacific
Pelagic Armorhead, Squirrelfish Snapper (Main Hawaiian Islands), Longtail
Snapper (Main Hawaiian Islands), Seabass
(Main Hawaiian Islands), Squirrelfish Snapper (Northwest Hawaiian Islands), Longtail Snapper
(Northwest Hawaiian
Islands), Silverjaw Jobfish, Gray Jobfish, Bluestripe Snapper, Yellowtail Snapper, Pink Snapper,
Yelloweye Snapper,
Snapper Pristipomoides sieboldil, Snapper Pristipomoides zonatus, Giant
Trevally, Black Jack, Thick Lipped Trevally,
Amberjack, Blacktip Grouper, Seabass (Northwest Hawaiian Islands), Lunartail Grouper, Ambon
Emperor, Redgill
Emperor, Alfonsin, Ratfish - A bottomfish species is recruitment overfished when the
Spawning Potential Ratio (i.e., the ratio of the
spawning stock biomass per recruit at the current level of fishing (SSBRf) to the
spawning stock biomass per recruit that would occur
in the absence of fishing (SSBRu)), is equal to or less than .20.
Pelagic Fisheries of the Western Pacific
Yellowfin Tuna (Central Western Pacific), Albacore (South Pacific), Albacore
(North Pacific), Yellowfin Tuna (Eastern
Tropical Pacific), Skipjack Tuna (Central Western Pacific), Skipjack Tuna (Eastern Tropical
Pacific), Striped Marlin, Black
Marlin, Bigeye Tuna (Pacific), other Tuna relatives: Auxis spp., Scomber spp.,
Allothunnus spp., Swordfish (Pacific), Sailfish
(Pacific), Shortbill Spearfish (Pacific), Wahoo (Pacific), Mahimahi (Pacific), Blue Marlin
(Pacific), Opah, Oilfish, Escolar - A
stock is overfished when its spawning potential ratio (SPR) is equal to or less than 0.20. SPR
may be estimated in several ways, using
estimates of spawning stock biomass, spawning stock biomass per recruit, spawning stock catch
per unit of effort, and exploitable
stock biomass. The common element for all calculations is the attempt to assess the status of
current spawning potential against the
spawning potential of an unfished population. The use of a specific measure will depend on the
availability of data for the stock and
fisheries involved.
Pelagic Sharks - A stock is overfished when its spawning potential ratio
(SPR) is equal to or less than 0.35. SPR may be estimated in
several ways, using estimates of spawning stock biomass, spawning stock biomass per recruit,
spawning stock catch per unit of effort,
and exploitable stock biomass. The common element for all calculations is the attempt to assess
the status of current spawning
potential against the spawning potential of an unfished population. The use of a specific measure
will depend on the availability of
data for the stock and fisheries involved.
Gulf of Alaska Groundfish
Walleye Pollock, Pacific Cod, Sablefish, Atka Mackerel, Thornyhead Rockfish,
Dusky Rockfish, Dover Sole, Flathead Sole,
Rex Sole, Arrowtooth Flounder, Pacific Ocean Perch, Shortraker Rockfish, Rougheye Rockfish,
Sculpins, Sharks, Skates,
Eulachon, Smelts, Capelin, Rock Sole, Rattail, Squid, Octopus, Greenland Turbot, Black
Rockfish, Blue Rockfish, Widow
Rockfish, Yellowtail Rockfish, Canary Rockfish, China Rockfish, Copper Rockfish, Quillback
Rockfish, Rosethorn Rockfish,
Tiger Rockfish, Yelloweye Rockfish, Aurora Rockfish, Blackgill Rockfish, Bocaccio Rockfish,
Chilipepper Rockfish,
Darkblotch Rockfish, Greenstriped Rockfish, Harlequin Rockfish, Pygmy Rockfish, Redbanded
Rockfish, Redstripe Rockfish,
Sharpchin Rockfish, Shortbelly Rockfish, Silvergray Rockfish, Splitnose Rockfish, Stripetail
Rockfish, Vermilion Rockfish,
Yellowmouth Rockfish - Overfishing is defined as any amount of fishing in excess of a
prescribed maximum allowable rate. This
maximum allowable rate is prescribed through a set of six tiers [which are listed in Appendix 4]
in descending order of preference,
corresponding to descending order of information availability. The SSC will have final authority
for determining whether a given item
of information is "reliable" for the purpose of this definition, and may use either objective or
subjective criteria in making such
determinations. For tier (1), a "pdf" refers to a probability density function. For tiers (1-3), the
coefficient is set at a default value of
0.05, with the understanding that the SSC may establish a different value for a specific stock of
stock complex as merited by the best
available scientific information. For tiers (2-4), a designation of the form "FX%"
refers to the F associated with an equilibrium level of
spawning per recruit (SPR) equal to X% of the equilibrium level of spawning per recruit in the
absence of any fishing. If reliable
information sufficient to characterize the entire maturity schedule of a species is not available,
the SSC may choose to view SPR
calculations based on a knife-edge maturity assumption as reliable. For tier (3), the term
B40% refers to the long-term average biomass
that would be expected under average recruitment and F=F40%.
Alaska Salmon
Pink Salmon, Sockeye Salmon, Chum Salmon, Coho Salmon, Chinook
Salmon - Overfishing is defined as any fishing that results
in the stock not meeting spawner escapement targets. Escapement targets are set by Alaska
Department of Fish and Game and the
U.S.-Canada Pacific Salmon Commission so that escapement will not be significantly less than
needed to produce MSY. Escapement
targets for major stocks of Alaska salmon are continuously evaluated based on new data and
improved spawner-recruit databases. The
overfishing definition notwithstanding, it is recognized that failure to meet spawner escapements
may also be the result of nonfishing
mortality and that fishery management actions may not adequately address the situation.
Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands Groundfish
Walleye Pollock, Pacific Cod, Yellowfin Sole, Greenland Turbot, Arrowtooth
Flounder, Rock Sole, Flathead Sole, Sablefish,
Pacific Ocean Perch, Sharpchin / Northern Rockfish, Shortraker / Rougheye Rockfish, Atka
Mackerel, Squid, Alaska Plaice,
Rex Sole, Butter Sole, Longhead Dab, Dover Sole, Starry Flounder, Rattails, Shortspine
Thornyhead, Sculpins, Sharks,
Skates, Eulachon, Smelts, Capelin, Octopus, Dusky Rockfish, Darkblotched Rockfish,
Yelloweye Rockfish, Blue Rockfish -
Overfishing is defined as any amount of fishing in excess of a prescribed maximum allowable
rate. This maximum allowable rate is
prescribed through a set of six tiers [which are listed in Appendix 4] in descending order of
preference, corresponding to descending
order of information availability. The SSC will have final authority for determining whether a
given item of information is "reliable"
for the purpose of this definition, and may use either objective or subjective criteria in making
such determinations. For tier (1), a
"pdf" refers to a probability density function. For tiers (1-3), the coefficient is set at a default
value of 0.05, with the understanding
that the SSC may establish a different value for a specific stock of stock complex as merited by
the best available scientific
information. For tiers (2-4), a designation of the form "FX%" refers to the F
associated with an equilibrium level of spawning per
recruit (SPR) equal to X% of the equilibrium level of spawning per recruit in the absence of any
fishing. If reliable information
sufficient to characterize the entire maturity schedule of a species is not available, the SSC may
choose to view SPR calculations based
on a knife-edge maturity assumption as reliable. For tier (3), the term B40% refers
to the long-term average biomass that would be
expected under average recruitment and F=F40%.
Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands King and Tanner Crabs
Blue King Crab (Pribilof Islands, Saint Matthew Island, Saint Lawrence Island),
Brown King Crab (Aleutians, Pribilof
Islands, Northern District), Red King Crab (Bristol Bay, Norton Sound, Pribilof Islands,
Aleutians), Bering Sea Snow Crab,
Tanner Crab [Bering Sea, Eastern Aleutians, Adak (Western Aleutians)] - Overfishing
is defined as any rate of fishing mortality
in excess of Fmsy for king and Tanner crab stocks in the Bering Sea and Aleutian
Islands (BSAI) management area. Three tiers are
characterized for this definition according to the data available to quantify maximum fishing
mortality rate. Each of the 17 stocks in
the management area is assigned to one of the tiers.
Tier 1) Data available: Historical catch, sporadic inseason catch and effort data, and
mortality. Overfishing for stocks with tier 1 data
is defined as a fishing mortality rate in excess of Fmsy, where the
maximum allowable fishing mortality rate is estimated to equal the
natural mortality rate of mature male crab. Inseason fishing mortality rate may be based on a
change in the inseason ratio of CPUE of
legal to mature male crab or a proportionate reduction in average weekly
CPUE.
Tier 2) Data available: Historical catch, continuous inseason catch and effort data, and
mortality. Overfishing for stocks with tier 2
data is defined as a fishing mortality rate in excess of FMSY, where the maximum
allowable fishing mortality rate is estimated to equal
the natural mortality rate of mature male crab. Inseason fishing mortality rate may be based on
inseason CPUE and cumulative catch
or legal male crab.
Tier 3) Data available: Historical catch, continuous inseason catch and effort data, stock
assessment, stock-recruitment, growth,
maturity, and mortality parameters. Overfishing for stocks with tier 3 data is defined as a fishing
mortality rate in excess of FMSY,
where the maximum allowable fishing mortality rate for these stocks cannot exceed
FMSY estimated as F0.1, based on the size of first
maturity for male crabs. Guideline harvest levels are estimated annually for tier 3 stocks,
therefore the fishing mortality rate is
established prior to a fishery.
Alaska Scallops - Overfishing is defined as landings that exceed the optimum yield
(OY) specified for the scallop fishery. The long-term OY for the scallop resource in Federal
waters off Alaska (all species) is specified as a numerical range. In the absence of biomass
estimates needed to implement an exploitation rate harvest strategy, the OY is specified as the
long-term productivity. The OY range
is zero to 1.8 million lbs (814 mt) of shucked scallop meats, and is derived from historical
catches from State and Federal waters off
Alaska. The low end of the range is the lowest catch on record (zero pounds in 1978). The high
end of the OY approximates the
highest catch taken from the waters off Alaska since the "fishing up" period (1.8 million pounds
in 1993). While the FMP covers
harvests of all scallop species appearing in Alaska, only weathervane scallops Patinopecten
caurinus have been harvested
commercially in Federal waters off Alaska since the emergence of the fishery in the late 1960s.
Atlantic Swordfish - No overfishing definition exists in the FMP.
Atlantic Billfishes
Blue Marlin (North Atlantic) - No overfishing definition exists in the
FMP.
White Marlin (North Atlantic) - No overfishing definition exists in the
FMP.
Sailfish (West Atlantic) - No overfishing definition exists in the FMP.
Spearfish (West Atlantic) - No overfishing definition exists in the
FMP.
Atlantic Sharks
Sandbar Shark, Blacktip Shark, Dusky Shark, Spinner Shark, Silky Shark, Bull
Shark, Bignose Shark, Narrowtooth Shark,
Galapagos Shark, Night Shark, Caribbean Reef Shark, Tiger Shark, Lemon Shark, Sand Tiger
Shark, Bigeye Sand Tiger
Shark, Nurse Shark, Scalloped Hammerhead Shark, Great Hammerhead Shark, Smooth
Hammerhead Shark, Whale Shark,
Basking Shark, White Shark, Atlantic Sharpnose Shark, Caribbean Sharpnose Shark, Finetooth
Shark, Blacknose Shark,
Smalltail Shark, Bonnethead Shark, Atlantic Angel Shark, Shortfin Mako Shark, Longfin Mako
Shark, Porbeagle Shark,
Thresher Shark, Bigeye Thresher Shark, Blue Shark, Oceanic Whitetip Shark, Sevengill Shark,
Sixgill Shark, Bigeye Sixgill
Shark -
1. When a stock size is at a level that is determined, based on the best scientific information available, to be sufficient to produce MSY on a continuing basis, overfishing is defined as a fishing mortality rate (F) that exceeds the fishing mortality rate that would produce MSY on a continuing basis (FMSY).
2. When the stock size is below the level that is determined, based on the best scientific
information available, to be sufficient to
produce MSY on a continuing basis, overfishing is defined as a fishing mortality rate that
exceeds the rate that is consistent
with a rebuilding program established under the FMP.
Appendix 2. Overfishing Definitions for Species not Contained in Federal Fishery
Management Plans
Pacific Halibut - A rate of fishing that exceeds the constant
exploitation yield. The constant exploitation yield is
computed using a harvest rate of 0.20 of the exploitable biomass (8-year+ Pacific
halibut).
Appendix 3. Overfishing Definitions from Fishery Management Plans Under
Development
See Appendix 5 for definitions of acronyms used in this appendix.
Atlantic Herring - Overfishing occurs when the fishing mortality rate exceeds the
rate associated with 20% MSP.
This definition is contained in the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission's Atlantic
Herring FMP. There is
currently no Federal FMP for Atlantic herring.
Monkfish - Monkfish in the northern and southern management areas are defined as being overfished when the 3-year moving average autumn survey weight per tow falls below the 33rd percentile of the time series for 1963-1994, or when the 3-year moving average autumn survey weight per tow falls below the median of the 3-year moving average during the period 1965-1981 and when fishing mortality is between Ftarget and Fthreshold. This definition has been adopted by the New England Fishery Management Council and has been certified by the National Marine Fisheries Service as an acceptable overfishing definition. There is currently no Federal FMP for monkfish.
Appendix 4. Six Tiers comprising the Overfishing Definition for Gulf of Alaska
and Bering Sea/Aleutian
Islands Groundfish
See Appendix 5 for definitions of acronyms used in this appendix.
1) Information available: Reliable point estimates of B and BMSY and reliable pdf of FMSY.
1a) Stock status: B/BMSY > 1
FOFL= A, the arithmetic mean of the pdf
FABC H, the harmonic mean of the pdf
1b) Stock status: < B/BMSY 1
FOFL = A x (B/BMSY - ) / (1 - )
FABC H x (B/BMSY - ) / (1 - )
1c) Stock status: B/BMSY
FOFL = 0
FABC = 0
2) Information available: Reliable point estimates of B, BMSY, FMSY, F30%, and F40%.
2a) Stock status: B/BMSY > 1
FOFL = FMSY x (F30% / F40%)
FABC FMSY
2b) Stock status: < B/BMSY 1
FOFL = FMSY x (F30% / F40%) x (B/BMSY - ) / (1 - )
FABC FMSY x (B/BMSY - ) / (1 - )
2c) Stock status: B/BMSY
FOFL = 0
FABC = 0
3) Information available: Reliable point estimates of B, B40%, F30%, and F40%.
3a) Stock status: B/B40% > 1
FOFL = F30%
FABC F40%
3b) Stock status: a < B/B40% 1
FOFL = F30% x (B/B40% - ) / (1 - )
FABC F40% x (B/B40% - ) / (1 - )
3c) Stock status: B/B40%
FOFL = 0
FABC = 0
4) Information available: Reliable point estimates of B, F30%, and F40%.
FOFL = F30%
FABC F40%
5) Information available: Reliable point estimates of B and natural mortality rate M.
FOFL = M
FABC 0.75 x M
6) Information available: Reliable catch history from 1978 through 1995.
OFL = the average catch from 1978 through 1995, unless an alternative value is established by the SSC on the basis of the best available scientific information.
ABC 0.75 x OFL
Appendix 5. Acronyms used in Appendices
- The ratio between two stock sizes: (1) the stock size below which the fishery
must be closed and (2) the long-term average stock size that would be expected in the absence of
fishing. In the Gulf of Alaska and Bering
Sea/Aleutian Islands Groundfish FMPs, is typically equal to 0.05.
ABC - Allowable Biological Catch - A term that refers to the
range of allowable catch for a species or species
group. It is set each year by a scientific group. The ABC estimates are used to set the annual
total allowable catch
(TAC).
ASMFC - Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission - Serves as a deliberative
body of the Atlantic coastal
states, coordinating the conservation and management of nearshore fishery resources, including
marine, shell, and
anadromous species.
B - The weight (biomass) of a group of fish.
BMSY - The average stock size that would be expected if the fishing
mortality rate were held equal to FMSY for a
long time.
CFMC - Caribbean Fishery Management Council.
CPUE - Catch Per Unit of Effort - The number of fish caught by an amount of
effort. Typically, effort is a
combination of gear type, gear size, and length of time gear is used. Catch per unit of effort is
often used as a
measurement of relative abundance.
EEZ - Exclusive Economic Zone - All waters from the seaward boundary of coastal
states out to 200 nautical
miles.
EPR - Eggs-Per-Recruit - The average number of eggs produced by an individual
fish that has been recruited, i.e.,
that moved into a certain class, such as the spawning class or fishing-size class. Used as an index
of abundance.
F - Fishing Mortality Rate - The proportion of the stock that is removed (per unit of
time) by the fishery. The
fishing mortality rate may be expressed in either discrete or instantaneous terms (an
instantaneous fishing
mortality rate is analogous to continuous compounding of interest).
FABC - The level of fishing mortality that results in the allowable
biological catch.
FMAX - The fishing mortality rate that maximizes lifetime yield from
a cohort.
FMSY - The fishing mortality rate that maximizes long-term average
yield from a stock.
FOF - The level of fishing mortality defined as overfishing.
FOFL - The fishing mortality rate above which overfishing is defined
to occur (see FOF).
F20% - The level of fishing mortality that results in a spawning
potential ratio of 20% of the maximum.
F25% - The level of fishing mortality that results in a spawning
potential ratio of 25% of the maximum.
F30% - The level of fishing mortality that results in a spawning
potential ratio of 30% of the maximum.
F40% - The level of fishing mortality that results in a spawning
potential ratio of 40% of the maximum.
F0.1 - The fishing mortality rate where an additional unit of effort
provides a catch equal to one-tenth of the CPUE
that would be observed if stock size were at its pristine level (i.e., the highest possible CPUE).
FMP - Fishery Management Plan - A plan to achieve specified management goals
for a fishery prepared under the
authority of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act.
GMFMC - Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council.
GSMFC - Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission - Serves as a deliberative body
of the Gulf of Mexico coastal
states, coordinating the conservation and management of nearshore fishery resources, including
marine, shell, and
anadromous species.
HMS - Highly Migratory Species Division - Develops fishery policies designed to
manage any highly migratory
species (tuna species, marlin, oceanic sharks, sailfishes, and swordfish) fishery that is within the
geographical
authority of more than one Council.
MAFMC - Middle-Atlantic Fishery Management Council.
MSP - Maximum Spawning Potential - See SPR.
MSY - Maximum Sustainable Yield - The largest long-term average catch or yield
that can be taken from a stock
or stock complex under prevailing ecological and environmental conditions.
NEFMC - New England Fishery Management Council.
NPFMC - North Pacific Fishery Management Council.
OY - Optimum Yield - The amount of fish that: (1) will provide the greatest overall
benefit to the Nation,
particularly with respect to food production and recreational opportunities, and taking into
account the protection
of marine ecosystems; (2) is prescribed on the basis of the MSY from the fishery, as reduced by
any relevant
economic, social, or ecological factors; (3) in the case of an overfished fishery, provides for
rebuilding to a level
consistent with producing the MSY in such fishery.
pdf - Probability Density Function - A description of the probability that a variable
takes a specified value.
PFMC - Pacific Fishery Management Council.
SAFE - Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation - A document or set of
documents that provides Councils with a
summary of the most recent biological condition of species in the fishery management unit, and
the social and
economic condition of the recreational and commercial fishing interests and the fish processing
industries. It
summarizes, on a periodic basis, the best available scientific information concerning the past,
present, and possible
future condition of the stocks and fisheries being managed under Federal regulation.
SAFMC - South Atlantic Fishery Management Council.
SPR - Spawning Potential Ratio - The number of eggs that could be produced by an
average recruit in a fished
stock, divided by the number of eggs that could be produced by an average recruit in an unfished
stock. SPR can
also be expressed as the spawning stock biomass per recruit (SSBR) of a fished stock divided by
the SSBR of the
stock before it was fished.
SSB - Spawning Stock Biomass - The total weight of the fish in a stock that are old
enough to spawn.
SSBR - Spawning Stock Biomass Per Recruit - The spawning stock biomass
divided by the number of recruits to
the stock, or how much spawning biomass an average recruit would be expected to produce.
SSC - Scientific and Statistical Advisory Committee - A group of scientific and
technical people giving advice to a
council.
WPFMC - Western Pacific Fishery Management Council.