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Pulmonary edema

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Contents of this page:

Illustrations

Lungs
Lungs
Respiratory system
Respiratory system

Alternative Names    Return to top

Lung/pulmonary congestion; Lung water

Definition    Return to top

Pulmonary edema is an abnormal build up of fluid in the lungs, which leads to swelling.

Causes    Return to top

Pulmonary edema is usually caused by heart failure. As the heart fails, pressure in the vein going through the lungs starts to rise. As the pressure increases, fluid is pushed into the air spaces (alveoli). This fluid interrupts normal oxygen movement through the lungs, resulting in shortness of breath.

Pulmonary edema may be caused by damage directly to the lung, such as that caused by poisonous gas or severe infection. Lung damage and a build up of body fluid is also seen in kidney failure.

Pulmonary edema may also be a complication of a heart attack, leaking or narrowed heart valves (mitral or aortic valves), or any disease of the heart that either results in weakening or stiffening of the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy).

Symptoms    Return to top

Additional symptoms that may be associated with this disease:

Exams and Tests    Return to top

The health care provider will perform a physical exam and use a stethoscope to listen to the lungs and heart. You may have:

Possible tests include:

Treatment    Return to top

Oxygen is given through a face mask or tiny plastic tubes (prongs) placed in the nose. A breathing tube may be placed into the windpipe (trachea). A breathing machine (ventilator) may be needed.

The cause of the edema should be rapidly identified and treated. For example, if a heart attack has caused the condition, the heart must be treated and stabilized.

Diuretics, such as furosemide (Lasix) may be given to help excess water pass through the urine. Medications to strengthen the heart muscle or to relieve the pressure on the heart may also be given.

Outlook (Prognosis)    Return to top

Although pulmonary edema can be a life-threatening condition, it can be treated. How well a patient does depends on what is causing the edema.

Possible Complications    Return to top

Some patients may need to use a breathing machine for a long time.

When to Contact a Medical Professional    Return to top

Go to the emergency room or call 911 if you have breathing problems.

Prevention    Return to top

If you have a disease that can lead to pulmonary edema, you should be sure to take all medicines as instructed. Following a healthy diet, one usually low in salt, can significantly decrease your risk of this condition.

Update Date: 7/17/2006

Updated by: Glenn Gandelman, MD, MPH, Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

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