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Testicular torsion

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Contents of this page:

Illustrations

Male reproductive anatomy
Male reproductive anatomy
Male reproductive system
Male reproductive system
Testicular torsion repair - series
Testicular torsion repair - series

Alternative Names    Return to top

Torsion of the testis; Testicular ischemia; Testicular twisting

Definition    Return to top

Testicular torsion is the twisting of the spermatic cord, which cuts off the blood supply to the testicle and surrounding structures within the scrotum.

Causes    Return to top

Some men may be predisposed to testicular torsion as a result of inadequate connective tissue within the scrotum. However, the condition can result from trauma to the scrotum, particularly if significant swelling occurs. It may also occur after strenuous exercise or may not have an obvious cause.

The condition is more common during infancy (first year of life) and at the beginning of adolescence (puberty).

Symptoms    Return to top

Additional symptoms that may be associated with this disease:

Exams and Tests    Return to top

Treatment    Return to top

Surgery is usually required and should be performed as soon as possible after symptoms begin. If surgery is performed within 6 hours, most testicles can be saved.

During surgery, the testicle on the other (non-affected) side is usually also anchored as a preventive measure. This is because the non-affected testicle is at risk of testicular torsion in the future.

Outlook (Prognosis)    Return to top

If the condition is diagnosed quickly and immediately corrected, the testicle may continue to function properly. After 6 hours of torsion (impaired blood flow), the likelihood that the testicle will need to be removed increases. However, even with less than 6 hours of torsion, the testicle may lose its ability to function.

Possible Complications    Return to top

If the blood supply is cut off to the testicle for a prolonged period of time, it may atrophy (shrink) and need to be surgically removed. Atrophy of the testicle may occur days-to-months after the torsion has been corrected. Severe infection of the testicle and scrotum is also possible if the blood flow is restricted for a prolonged period.

When to Contact a Medical Professional    Return to top

Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if testicular torsion symptoms occur.

Prevention    Return to top

Use precautions to avoid trauma to the scrotum. Many cases are not preventable.

References    Return to top

Expert Panel on Urologic Imaging. Acute onset of scrotal pain (without trauma, without antecedent mass). Reston, Va: American College of Radiology; 2005. 4 p.

Ringdahl E. Testicular Torsion. Am Fam Physician. Nov 2006; 74(10): 1739-43.

Wein AJ. Campbell- Walsh Urology. 9th ed. St. Louis, Mo: WB Saunders; 2007.

Update Date: 7/23/2007

Updated by: Marc Greenstein, DO, Urologist, North Jersey Center for Urologic Care, Denville, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

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