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September 19, 2008 / Vol. 57 / No. 37

Impact of Expanded Newborn Screening --- United States, 2006
An analyst screens blood specimens from newborns. This issue of MMWR includes a report on the impact of expanded newborn screening.

 

Federal Air Travel Restrictions for Public Health Purposes
United States, June 2007–May 2008

Since June 2007, CDC and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security have managed a public health Do Not Board list, which enables public health officials to request that persons with communicable diseases who meet specific criteria and pose a serious threat to air travelers be restricted from boarding commercial aircraft departing from or arriving in the United States. During June 2007–May 2008, CDC received requests to include on the list 42 persons, all with suspected or confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis; 33 persons were included.
 

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MMWR Recommendations and Reports

September 19, 2008 / Vol. 57 / No. RR–8
Recommendations for Identification and Public Health Management of Persons with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Serologic testing for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is the primary way to identify persons with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Testing has been recommended previously for pregnant women, infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers, household contacts and sex partners of HBV-infected persons, persons born in countries with HBsAg prevalence of >8%, persons who are the source of blood or body fluid exposures that might warrant postexposure prophylaxis (e.g., needlestick injury to a healthcare worker or sexual assault), and persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. This report updates and expands previous CDC guidelines for HBsAg testing and includes new recommendations for public health evaluation and management for chronically infected persons and their contacts. Routine testing for HBsAg now is recommended for additional populations with HBsAg prevalence of >2%: persons born in geographic regions with HBsAg prevalence of >2%, men who have sex with men, and injection-drug users. Implementation of these recommendations will require expertise and resources to integrate HBsAg screening in prevention and care settings serving populations recommended for HBsAg testing. This report is intended to serve as a resource for public health officials, organizations, and health-care professionals involved in the development, delivery, and evaluation of prevention and clinical services.

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MMWR Surveillance Summaries

September 12, 2008 / Vol. 57 / No. SS–9
Surveillance for Waterborne Disease and Outbreaks Associated with Recreational Water Use and Other Aquatic Facility-Associated Health Events
United States, 2005–2006

During 1920–1970, statistical data regarding waterborne-disease outbreaks (WBDOs) in the United States were collected by different researchers and federal agencies. Since 1971, CDC, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists have collaboratively maintained the Waterborne Disease and Outbreak Surveillance System, a surveillance system that tracks the occurrences and causes of WBDOs and cases of disease associated with drinking water. In 1978, WBDOs associated with recreational water were added to the surveillance system. The types of outbreaks and disease case reports included in the Surveillance Summaries have expanded multiple times to more accurately reflect the scope of waterborne disease in the United States. Outbreaks of Pontiac fever were added in 1989, outbreaks of Legionnaires’ disease were added in 2001, and single cases of Vibrio illness reported to the Cholera and Other Vibrio Illness Surveillance System that were associated with recreational water use were added in 2003.

Surveillance for Waterborne Disease and Outbreaks Associated with Drinking Water and Water not Intended for Drinking
United States, 2005--2006

Statistical data on waterborne-disease outbreaks (WBDOs) in the United States have been collected since 1920. Researchers reported these statistics during 1920–1936, 1938–1945, 1946–1960, and 1961–1970. Since 1971, CDC, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists have maintained a collaborative Waterborne Disease and Outbreak Surveillance System (WBDOSS), which tracks the occurrences and causes of WBDOs and cases of disease associated with drinking water. The history of WBDO surveillance in the United States is summarized in the 2003–2004 WBDOSS Surveillance Summary. The 2005–2006 Surveillance Summary presents data on 28 WBDOs reported by public health departments in the states, territories, and localities that occurred during January 2005–December 2006, and four previously unreported WBDOs that occurred during 1979–2002.

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CURRENT IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULES

January 11, 2008, Vol. 57,
No. 1
Recommended Immunization Schedules for Persons Aged 0--18 Years--- United States, 2008
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) annually publishes a recommended immunization schedule for
persons aged 0--18 years to reflect changes in vaccine formulations and current recommendations for the use of licensed vaccines.
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October 19, 2007, Vol. 56, No. 41
Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule --- United States, October 2007--September 2008
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)
annually reviews the recommended Adult Immunization Schedule
to ensure that the schedule reflects current recommendations for
the licensed vaccines. In June 2007, ACIP approved the Adult
Immunization Schedule for October 2007--September 2008.
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