USGS

National Stream Water Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN)

Station Selection for Fiscal Years (FY) 1996-2000

Implementing the recommendations of an external review panel, the NASQAN program began operating 40 stations during FY97 located within the Mississippi, Columbia, Colorado and Rio Grande basins as shown in Table 1. Stations that were operated during FY96 solely for the estimation of off-continent flux on the St. Lawrence, Susquehanna, Alabama, and Tombigbee Rivers were discontinued. In addition, sampling at two stations in Minnesota was taken over by the Upper Mississippi Study Unit of the NAWQA program. All 40 NASQAN stations are operated at a sufficient frequency to permit estimation of flux. Each basin has a number of event samples, except the Colorado where flow are predictably dominated by snowmelt in the upper basin and highly regulated elsewhere. These event samples may be moved among stations within a basin or between basins, should an extreme event occur such as the 1993 Mississippi flood.The subbasins within the four major river basins are defined by the NASQAN stations as shown in this map.

The resolution of the network in the Missouri and Ohio River basins is markedly improved over FY96. A station at Warrendale, OR was also added to improve the accounting in the Lower Columbia basin. The remaining difficulty in the Columbia is the Snake River basin. The combination of several reservoirs, a complicated hydrology resulting from irrigation withdrawals, and difficult access to key sites makes station selection difficult. The Rio Grande and Colorado basins station locations remain unchanged from those proposed to the review panel.

Although the subbasin size remains somewhat larger in the Mississippi basin than in the other 3 basins, the FY97 station configuration was more balanced than in FY96. When the NAWQA study units are also taken into account, we should obtain an excellent description of surface water quality in the Mississippi.

The rationale for station selection within each basin is contained in Tables 2 through 5. In general, stations were selected along the main stems of rivers based upon an increase in discharge. Tributaries were selected that were known to have a disproportionate effect on mass flux either because their water quality was very good (such as the Tennessee River) or very bad (such as the Wabash River). A station on the Mississippi at Grafton, IL was added by augmenting an existing station operated for the State of Missouri. This station allows for direct measurement of the contribution of the Mississippi River above its confluence with the Missouri. Previously, this calculation was made by the difference between Thebes and Hermann. Where there are mainstem reservoirs with average residence times exceeding one year, the general design was to sample both the inflow and outflow of the reservoir to determine its influence on the yield of constituents. This approach is taken for the two major reservoirs in the Colorado and Rio Grande basins. In some cases, the inputs and outputs of a series of reservoirs were not measured. For example, the input to Lake Oahe in the Missouri was not measured because of the small incremental flow between the outflow of Lake Sakakawea and Lake Oahe. In the mid-Columbia subbasin, a chain of large reservoirs is treated as one, with the input to the series measured at the Canadian border and the output measured at Vernita Ferry.

Three stations will be operated in conjunction with NAWQA Low-Intensity Phase (LIP) sampling-Willamette R. at Portland, OR; Rio Grande at El Paso, TX; and Platte R. at Louisville, NE. The latter site will also provide data for the Mississippi Carbon Cycling project being run by the Global Change Initiative.

Table 1. NASQAN Stations and approximate sampling frequency during 1996-2000.

Number

Station ID

Name

District

Basin

Fixed Samples

Event Samples

1

09380000

Colorado R @ Lee Ferry

AZ

CLRD

6

0

2

09404200

Colorado R abv Diamond Ck

AZ

CLRD

9

0

3

09429490

Colorado R abv Imperial Dam

AZ

CLRD

6

0

4

09522000

Colorado R @ NIB

AZ

CLRD

6

0

5

09421500

Colorado blw Hoover Dam

NV

CLRD

6

0

6

09180500

Colorado R nr Cisco

UT

CLRD

10

0

7

09315000

Green R.@ Green R.

UT

CLRD

10

0

8

09379500

San Juan R nr Bluff

UT

CLRD

10

0

9

14128910

Columbia R @ Warrendale

OR

CLMB

10

2

10

14211720

Willamette R@ Portland*

OR

CLMB

12

4

11

14246900

Columbia R nr Beaver Army

OR

CLMB

11

4

12

12400520

Columbia R @ Northport

WA

CLMB

10

0

13

12472900

Columbia R @ Vernita Br

WA

CLMB

10

0

14

13353200

Snake R @ Burbank

WA

CLMB

12

3

15

07263620

Ark. R @ D.Terry Dam

AR

MISS

10

0

16

05420500

Mississippi R @ Clinton

IA

MISS

10

3

17

06610000

Missouri R @ Omaha

IA

MISS

12

3

18

03377500

Wabash R @ Mt. Carmel

KY

MISS

12

3

19

03216600

Ohio R @ Greenup

KY

MISS

12

3

20

03303280

Ohio R @ Cannelton

KY

MISS

12

3

21

03609750

Tennessee R @ Paducah

KY

MISS

12

0

22

03612500

Ohio R @ Gr. Chain

KY

MISS

12

3

23

07373420

Mississippi @ St. Francisville

LA

MISS

12

3

24

07381495

Atchafalaya R @ Melville

LA

MISS

12

3

25

05587455

Mississippi R. blw Grafton, IL&

MO

MISS

12

3

26

06934500

Missouri R @ Hermann

MO

MISS

12

3

27

07022000

Mississippi R @ Thebes

MO

MISS

12

3

28

06185500

Missouri R nr Culbertson

MT

MISS

6

3

29

06329500

Yellowstone R nr Sidney

MT

MISS

9

3

30

06338490

Missouri R blw Garrison Dam

ND

MISS

6

0

31

06805500

Platte R. @ Louisville*

NE

MISS

12

3

32

06440000

Missouri R @ Pierre

SD

MISS

6

0

33

08364000

Rio Grande @ El Paso*

NM

RIOG

10

3

34

08377200

Rio Grande @ Foster Ranch

TX

RIOG

8

3

35

08447410

Pecos R. nr. Langtry

TX

RIOG

8

3

36

08450900

Rio Grande. blw Amistad Dam

TX

RIOG

6

0

37

08459000

Rio Grande @ Laredo

TX

RIOG

10

3

38

08461300

Rio Grande blw Falcon Dam

TX

RIOG

6

3

39

08470400

Arroyo Colorado nr Harlingen

TX

RIOG

10

3

40

08475000

Rio Grande nr Brownsville

TX

RIOG

10

3

* Jointly operated with NAWQA.
& Operated in cooperation with the State of Missouri

Table 2. NASQAN Stations operated in the Mississippi River Basin.
[mi2, square miles; ft3/s, cubic feet per second]

Mississippi River Basin above the Missouri River

Station Number

Station Name

Drainage area
(mi2)

Mean Discharge (fr3/s)

Subbasin

Defined by Station

Incremental increase in drainage area (mi2)

Inremental increase in mean discahrge (ft3/s)

Upstream NAWQA Study Units

Reasons for selection

05420500

Mississippi R. at Clinton, IA

85,600

48,300

Upper Mississippi

85,600

48,300

1

Characterize flux of materials from upper Mississippi subbasin and Minneapolis-St. Paul NAWQA Study Unit; captures inflow from St. Croix, Chippewa, and Wisconsin Rivers; located above major inflow from corn belt streams; most upstream NASQAN subbasin on Mississippi River.;

 05587455

Mississippi R. at Grafton, IL

171,300

 130,200

 Mid-Mississippi (above Missouri)

87,700

73,900

 4

 In conjunction with Mississippi River at Thebes will provide verification of flux from mid-Mississippi basin. Most financial support for site is from cooperative program between USGS and the State of Missouri

Missouri River Basin

06329500

Yellowstone River nr Sydney, MT

69,100

12,700

Yellowstone

69,100

12,700

1

NAWQA intergrator site; major tributary to the upper Mo; longest unregulated stream in U.S; noncrop and mining landuse. major input to Lake Sakakawea

06185500

Missouri River near Culbertson, MT

91,600

10,500

Upper Missouri

91,600

10,500

0

characterization of inflow from upstream portion of Missouri River basin; above confluence with Yellowstone River; landuse - range and pasture land; in conjunction with the Yellowstone River will provide essentially all inputs to Lake Sakakawea.

06338490

Missouri River below Garrison Dam, ND

181,400

22,100

Lake Sakaka-wea

20,700

-1,100

1

major reservoir (Lake Sakakawea) below confluence of Missouri and Yellowstone Rivers; will provide means to characterize changes in water chemistry resulting from deposition of sediment, carbon, nutrients, metals etc. from these two basins; characterize inputs to downstream Missouri River system.

06440000

Missouri River at Pierre,SD

243,500

28,600

Lake Oahe

62,100

6,510

1

large increase in drainage area from Lake Sakakawea; below major reservoir (Lake Oahe), a sink for sediment, carbon, metals, and nutrients; input to downstream river system.

6610000

Missouri River at Omaha, NE

322,800

32,200

Mid-Missouri

79,300

3,600

2

large increase in drainage area; below all Missouri River Basin reservoirs which are sinks for sediment and nutrients; above corn belt and major sources of agrichemicals; characterize inputs to lower Missouri subbasin

06805500

Platte River at Louisville, NE

85,800

6,800

Platte

85,800

6,800

3

tributary;integrator site for 3 NAWQA units; basin for Miss. Carbon study; first major agrichemical input to Missouri River

06934500

Missouri River at Hermann, MO

524,200

84,500

Lower Missouri

115,600

45,500

6

terminus of Missouri River; dominates sediment input to Mississippi River; more than 40% of drainage area of Mississippi basin

Mississippi River Basin below Missouri River

07022000

Mississippi River at Thebes, IL

713,200

203,400

Mid-Mississippi

15,100

17,700

10

integrator site for all Mississippi River flow above the Ohio River including the Missouri River basin; compare sum of Hermann and Grafton flux with Thebes to assess accuracy. Values not used to determine incremental contribution of this subbasin.

Ohio River Basin

03216600

Ohio River at Greenup, KY

62,000

89,400

Upper Ohio

62,000

89,400

2

upstream coal mining and industry; below 2 NAWQA study units; most upstream NASQAN site on the Ohio R; input to mid-Ohio subbasin

03303280

Ohio River at Cannelton Dam, KY

97,000

125,700

Mid-Ohio

35,000

36,300

4

large increase in flow; integrator site for 2 intervening NAWQA units between Greenup site and this site; characterize output from mid-Ohio subbasin.

03377500

Wabash at Mt. Carmel, IL

28,600

27,700

Wabash

28,600

27,700

1

major tributary; poor quality water with high agrichemical input to Ohio River; integrator site for NAWQA unit.

03609750

Tennessee River at Paducah, KY

40,300

68,400

Tennessee

40,300

68,400

2

major tributary to Ohio River; good quality water; integrator site for 2 NAWQA Units.

03612500

Ohio River at Grand Chain, IL

203,000

270,900

Lower Ohio

37,100

49,100

7

terminus of Ohio River; provides approximately 50% of water inflow to Mississippi; subbasin contribution calculated as difference between outflow and inflow from Wabash, Tennessee, and mid-Ohio

Lower Mississippi River

07263620

Arkansas River at D. Terry Dam, below Little Rock, AR

158,300

48,400

Arkansas

158,300

48,400

~1.5

major tributary; integrator site for 2 NAWQA units; largest input to Mississippi R. below Ohio River.

07381495

Atchafalaya River at Melville, LA

93,300 +

Mississippi diversion

234,700 (includes Mississippi diversion

Red/Ouachita

93,300

varies with Mississppi diversion

~1.5

distributary of Mississippi River; receives about 25% of Mississippi flow, as well as inflow from the Red and Ouachita Rivers; in conjunction with St. Francisville, provides total flux from Mississippi basin to Gulf of Mexico; subbasin contribution calculated as difference between outflow and diversion from Mississippi R.

07373420

Mississippi River at St Francisville, LA

1,125,300

514,500

Lower Mississippi

50,800

varies with Mississippi diversion

21.5

terminus of Mississippi River; upstream of Baton Rouge and New Orleans; in conjunction with the Atchafalaya River will provide total flux from Mississippi basin to Gulf of Mexico; subbasin contribution calculated as difference between outflow (measurements at St. Francisville plus diversion to Atchafalaya R.) and inflows from Ohio RIver, Mississippi R. at Thebes, and Arkansas R.

Total including Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers

1,218,600

749,200

--

--

23

Table 3. NASQAN Stations operated in the Rio Grande Basin

Station

number

Station

name

Drainage

area

(mi2)

Mean

discharge

(cfs)

Subbasin Defined by Station (see map)

Incremental increase in drainage area(mi2)

Incremental increase in mean

discharge

(cfs)

Upstream NAWQA Study Units

Reasons for selection

08364000

Rio Grande at El Paso, TX

29,300

610

Upper Rio Grande

29,300

610

1

NAWQA integrator site; agricultural return flows

08377200

Rio Grande at Foster Ranch near Langtry, TX

80,700

1,950

Big Bend/Rio Conchos

51,400

1,340

1

large increase in flow; input from major Mexican tributary

08447410

Pecos River near Langtry, TX

35,200

260

Pecos

35,200

260

0

major American tributary; major source of salinity

08450900

Rio Grande below Amistad Dam near Del Rio, TX

123,100

2,510

Amistad

7,200

300

1

outflow from major mainstem reservoir which will trap sediment, nutrients, and carbon

08459000

Rio Grande at Laredo, TX

132,600

3,430

Laredo

9,500

920

1

below major urban and industrial areas; irrigation return flows; inflow to Falcon Reservoir.

08461300

Rio Grande below Falcon Dam, TX

159,300

3,220

Falcon/Rio Alamos

26,700

-210

1

below major main-stem reservoir, input from Mexican tributary; above area of intensive agriculture

08470400

Arroyo Colorado near Harlingen, TX

distributary of Rio Grande

250

Lower Rio Grande

--

--

1

distributary of Rio Grande; below agricultural area; input to the Laguna Madre

08475000

Rio Grande near Brownsville, TX

176,300

1,070

Lower Rio Grande

17,000

-2,150

1

terminus of Rio Grande; below agricultural area, input to the Gulf of Mexico

All of Rio Grande Basin

182,200

a1,320

--

--

1

a Sum of Rio Grande at Brownsville and Arroyo Colorado at Harlingen.

Table 4. NASQAN Stations operated in the Columbia River Basin.
[cfs, cubic feet per second]

Station ID

Station name

Drainage area (square miles)

Mean streamflow (cfs)

Subbasin defined by station (see map)

Incremental increase in drainage area (square miles)

Incremental increase in streamflow (cfs)

Upstream NAWQA units

Reasons for selection

12400520

Columbia River at Northport, WA

60,200

99,100

Upper
Columbia

60,200

99,100

1

boundary with Canada; most upstream NASQAN station on Columbia River; mining, smelting and agricultural effects

12472900

Columbia River at Vernita Bridge near Priest Rapids Dam WA

96,000

118,600

Mid-
Columbia

35,800

19,500

1

below reservoir complex, especially Grand Coulee Dam; upstream of free-flowing reach

13353200

Snake River at Burbank WA

108,800

57,700

Snake

108,800

57,700

~1.5

major tributary; agricultural and reservoir effects

14128910

Columbia River at
Warrendale, OR

240,300

202,600

Lower Columbia

35,500

26,300

4

downstream of dams on Columbia River; upstream of major industrial and urban areas

14211720

Willamette River at Portland, OR

11,100

38,000

Willamette

11,100

38,000

1

NAWQA integrator; trace element, organic chemical, and nutrient impacts

14246900

Columbia River near
Beaver Army Terminal OR

256,900

270,000

Beaver Army

5,500

29,400

5

terminus of Columbia River, large flux of nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon, and sediment to Pacific Ocean

Table 5. NASQAN Stations operated in the Colorado River Basin.
[mi
2, square miles; ft3/s, cubic feet per second]

Station number

Station name

Drainage area1 (mi2)

Mean streamflow (cfs)

Subbasin Defined by Station (see map)

Incremental increase in drainage area (mi2)

Incremental increase in streamflow (cfs)

Upstream NAWQA units

Reasons for selection

09180500

Colorado River near Cisco, UT

24,100

6,700

Upper Colorado

24,100

6,700

1

input to Lake Powell; mining effects

09315000

Green River at Green R., UT

40,900

4,800

Green

40,900

4,800

0

input to L. Powell with large flux of dissolved solids and sediment

09379500

San Juan River near Bluff, UT

23,000

2,300

San Juan

23,000

2,300

0

input to L. Powell; large sediment flux

09380000

Colorado R at Lee Ferry, AZ

107,800

13,300

Lake
Powell

19,800

-500

1

Compact Point of 1922; below major reservoir that traps sediment

09404200

Colorado R. above Diamond Creek, AZ

145,300

12,7002

Little Colorado

37,500

-600

1

inflow to L. Meade; receives outflow from Lake Powell and incremental drainages

09421500

Colorado River Below Hoover Dam, AZ-NV

167,700

14,600

Lake Mead

22,400

1,900

~1.5

outflow of major reservoir; measures loss of sediment, nutrients, and carbon

09429490

Colorado R. above Imperial Dam, CA-AZ

184,500

9,800

Lower Colorado

16,800

-4,800

~1.5

major diversion to California downstream of this site; measures flux at effective terminus of basin

09522000

Colorado R At NIB Abv Morelos Dam Nr Andrade, CA

242,700

4,600

Gila

58,200

-5,200

~2.5

boundary between United States and Mexico; captures occasional input from Gila R. basin

1 Area excludes Salton Sea Basin (approx. 7,800 mi2) and Great Divide Basin(4,000 mi2).

2 For water years 1991-1995; other averages are for water years 1986-1995.

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