| Mint Wilt |
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| Verticillium dahliae |
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Plant hosts
- Major hosts: Brassica napus var. napus (rape), Capsicum annuum (bell pepper), Fragaria ananassa (strawberry), Gossypium (cotton), Humulus lupulus (hop), Lycopersicon esculentum, Mentha (mints), Olea europaea subsp. europaea (olive), Solanum melongena, Solanum tuberosum (potato)
- Minor hosts: Abelmoschus esculentus (okra), Acer palmatum (japanese maple), Acer platanoides (Norway maple), Acer saccharinum (soft maple), Ageratum, Ailanthus, Allium sativum (garlic), Anthemis (chamomile), Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon), Arachis hypogaea (groundnut), Aralia cordata (spikenard), Armoracia rusticana (horseradish), Artemisia absinthium (Wormwood), Asteraceae, Astragalus adsurgens, Aucuba japonica (Japanese aucuba), Basella alba (Malabar spinach), Benincasa hispida (wax gourd), Berberaceae (barberries), Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera (sugarbeet), Brassica oleracea (cabbages, cauliflowers), Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (cauliflower), Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera (brussels sprouts), Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (chinese cabbage), Callistephus chinensis (China aster), Carpobrutus, Carthamus tinctorius (safflower), Castanea sativa (chestnut), Chrysanthemum indicum (chrysanthemum), Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Cichorium (chicory), Cistus (rockrose), Citrullus lanatus (watermelon), Corchorus olitorius (jute), Cotinus coggygria (fustet), Cucumis sp. (melons, cucuimbers, gerkins), Cucumis melo (melon), Cydonia oblonga (quince), Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus (globe artichoke), Cytisus scoparius (broom),Dahlia pinnata (garden dahlia), Daphne mezereum (mezereon), Euphorbia pulcherrima (poinsettia), Fraxinus americana (white ash), Fraxinus angustifolia (narrow-leaved ash), Fraxinus excelsior (ash), Fraxinus pennsylvanica (downy ash), Fuchsia sp., Geranium sp. (cranesbill), Gerbera jamesonii (African daisy), Glycine max (soyabean), Hedera sp. (Ivy), Helianthus annuus (sunflower), Helichrysum sp., Hibiscus cannabinus (kenaf), Hippophae rhamnoides (sea buckthorn), Hoheria populnea, Impatiens balsamina (garden balsam), Impatiens walleriana (busy-lizzy), Koelreuteria sp., Lathyrus sp.(vetchling), Laurus sp. (laurel), Liatris sp.(gayfeathers), Ligustrum vulgare (privet), Linum usitatissimum (flax), Lolium sp.(ryegrass), Lonicera sp. (honeysuckles), Lupinus sp. (lupins), Lupinus albus (white lupine), Lupinus angustifolius (lupin), Mahonia sp. (holly grape), Malvaviscus arboreus (wax mallow), Mangifera indica (mango), Manihot esculenta (cassava), Matthiola incana (stock), Medicago sativa (lucerne), Nicotiana sp., Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), Osmanthus sp., Papaver sp. (poppies), Peperomia obtusifolia (pepper-face), Persea americana (avocado), Phlox sp., Pistacia vera (pistachio), Pisum sativum (pea), Platycodon grandiflorus (balloonflower), Protea compacta, Prunus sp.(stone fruit), Prunus americana (apricot), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus dulcis (almond), Prunus persica (peach), Quercus petraea (durmast oak), Quercus robur (common oak), Raphanus sativus (radish), Ribes nigrum (blackcurrant), Ribes sanguineum (flowering currant), Ribes uva-crispa (gooseberry), Rosa sp.(roses), Rubus fruticosus (blackberry), Rubus idaeus (raspberry), Salvia officinalis (common sage), Senecio sp. (groundsel), Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba), Spinacia oleracea (spinach), Tagetes sp. (marigold), Theobroma cacao (cocoa), Tilia sp.(limes), Trifolium alexandrinum (berseem clover), Ulmus sp.(elms), Vaccinium myrtillus (blueberry), Valeriana officinalis (common valerian), Viburnum spp., Vicia faba (broad bean), Vigna radiata (mung bean), Vitis vinifera (grapevine)
- Wild hosts: Amaranthaceae (grain amaranth), Ambrosia sp. (ragweed), Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade), Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepherd's purse), Chamomilla recutita (common chamomile), Chenopodium album (fat hen), Datura sp. (thorn-apple), Echinops sp., Plantago lanceolata (ribwort plantain), Portulaca oleracea (purslane), Senecio vulgaris (grinning swallow), Solanum nigrum (black nightshade), Solanum sarrachoides (green nightshade), Taraxacum oficinale (dandelion), Veronica persica (creeping speedwell), Xanthium sp. (cocklebur)
- Hosts where status is unknown: Acer pseudoplatanus (sycamore), Albizia julibrissin (silk tree), Solanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant)
To view larger image click on picture.
Image provided by Department of Agriculture at Oregon State University, Corvallis.
Means of Movement and Dispersal
Plant parts liable to carry the pest in trade and transport:
- Bulbs, tubers, corms, and rhizomes: hyphae that is born internally and externally. Hyphae is invisible.
- Fruits: hyphae that is born internally and is invisible.
- Flowers: sclerotia and hyphae are born internally. Sclerotia and hyphae are invisible.
- Leaves: sclerotia are hyphae are born internally. Hyphae is visible to naked eye.
- Roots: sclerotia and hyphae are born internally and externally. Sclerotia and hyphae are invisible.
- Stems: spores, sclerotia and hyphae are born internally and are invisible.
- Seeds: spores, sclerotia, and hyphae are born internally and externally. Spores, sclerotia and hyphae are invisible.
Plant parts not known to carry the pest in trade and transport:
Symptoms
First, the upper leaves of the mint plant twist and curl. Leaves are bunched at the top of the plant. Infected plants are stunted yellowish to red or bronze. Lower leaves die first, then the aboveground part of the plant. With flowering or other stresses, stems or plants may die too rapidly for these symptoms to be observed.
Return to plant pathogen list .
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