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̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩS[S[S[ĩS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$䰌a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$k(2a$a$S[a$a$u7?ͷa$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$u7?u7?a$pvS[a$bik(2a$ͷa$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$u7?k(2EMa$a$bia$EMa$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$pvĩa$a$ͷS[a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$S[a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$pva$k(2k(2a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$Ȱa$u7?ͷͷEMa$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$ͷa$a$k(2S[a$a$pva$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$ͷEMa$ĩĩk(2k(2a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$k(2S[ĩa$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$u7?S[S[EMa$ĩa$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$bia$a$S[a$S[a$ĩa$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$k(2S[k(2a$ͷpva$u7?S[a$k(2a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$ͷu7?a$u7?ĩk(2a$S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ȉS[a$a$k(2pvpva$a$a$pvS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩa$a$a$a$a$a$k(2EMa$a$a$a$a$EMS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[k(2a$k(2ͷ亚a$a$S[a$a$亚a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$ĩa$a$k(2a$a$u7?S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[a$biu7?a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩĩa$S[a$EMEMa$ĩS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$S[a$S[S[a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$S[pva$a$pvS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[EMa$biS[a$a$S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩk(2u7?ĩa$a$S[a$a$S[䰌u7?u7?S[a$a$S[pva$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[pva$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$u7?ĩȰa$a$k(2S[a$a$S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$ͷS[a$a$S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$pvk(2a$a$EMa$pvpva$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[EMa$a$S[S[a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[bia$a$k(2k(2a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$pva$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩa$EMbia$EMEMa$biS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$u7?u7?a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$ĩa$a$a$a$a$ĩS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[䰌S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩbiS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩk(2a$a$a$a$EMEMa$a$k(2ͷS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ͷa$a$pvk(2a$EMȺu7?a$k(2S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[bia$a$a$ͷS[a$S[S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[k(2a$EMS[S[S[S[k(2a$u7?S[S[S[S[S[u7?a$u7?S[ĩS[S[a$a$䰌a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩu7?a$bipva$a$S[a$S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[pva$EMa$a$k(2a$ĩS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[k(2a$a$S[a$a$EMS[a$a$EMS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[pvu7?a$a$a$a$a$pvS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$Ⱥa$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$EMa$a$a$pva$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$S[a$EMa$ͷa$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$pva$bia$S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$S[a$u7?u7?a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$S[a$pva$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$bia$ĩu7?k(2ĩa$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[։S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[a$a$S[a$u7?a$pva$EMa$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$a$k(2a$u7?a$k(2bia$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$֓bia$bia$pva$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$u7?a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩS[S[a$a$a$a$S[a$pva$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$u7?a$a$EMa$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[k(2a$biĩS[S[a$a$k(2a$a$a$k(2S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[bia$S[S[a$a$pvS[pvĩa$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[u7?a$u7?S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[k(2a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[亚S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[։S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$EMȜpva$EMa$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$S[a$S[a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$S[a$S[a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$S[a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$pva$EMa$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[k(2a$bi񺚟a$a$a$ͷa$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩa$a$a$a$a$a$bia$a$biS[a$a$pvS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ȓbia$k(2bipva$a$a$a$a$biS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ְS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[䰌ĩS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[䰌S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[䰌S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$u7?a$a$a$EMu7?a$a$a$u7?S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$k(2a$a$u7?a$a$u7?k(2a$a$u7?a$a$k(2S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[䰌a$S[a$u7?k(2a$pva$k(2k(2a$pvS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$a$u7?a$a$ĩĩa$k(2S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$ĩa$u7?a$a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$biu7?a$ͷa$S[S[a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[։S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[a$S[a$S[a$a$bibia$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$S[a$S[a$bia$a$biS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ͷbia$S[a$S[a$S[a$a$S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩk(2a$a$a$a$a$a$a$bia$S[a$a$S[a$a$S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ͷa$a$EMͷȺpva$a$S[a$S[a$bia$S[a$a$S[䰌u7?u7?S[a$a$S[pva$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[u7?a$pvk(2a$ͷa$S[a$S[a$bia$a$biS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$k(2a$pva$bia$S[a$a$bibia$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$k(2a$a$k(2Ȱa$a$biu7?a$ͷa$S[S[a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[u7?a$k(2a$ͷͷk(2a$a$EMa$ͷa$u7?a$a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ͷa$a$S[ͷk(2a$EMEMa$a$a$a$a$a$u7?k(2a$ĩĩa$k(2S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩk(2a$a$a$a$a$a$a$S[EMa$a$bia$u7?k(2a$pva$k(2k(2a$pvS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩS[S[pvk(2a$k(2a$a$EMa$a$u7?k(2a$a$u7?a$a$k(2S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩa$k(2a$a$a$EMu7?a$a$a$u7?S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[u7?a$ͷS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[a$k(2S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[k(2a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ȰS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[䰌S[S[ĩS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$a$k(2S[a$a$pvS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[EMa$ͷk(2a$pvĩa$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$k(2a$k(2a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$u7?a$a$ͷa$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[u7?a$ĩEMa$bibia$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$bia$a$pvS[a$k(2S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[u7?pvEMa$a$a$k(2ͷS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ͷ䰌S[S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$S[a$a$a$a$a$ĩa$a$a$a$a$ĩS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$S[a$a$EMu7?a$a$ĩa$a$u7?pvu7?a$a$S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$ͷa$a$EMa$k(2S[a$EMEMa$biS[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$pva$u7?a$a$ĩa$a$a$a$S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$S[a$bia$pvͷa$k(2k(2a$S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$S[a$S[S[a$S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$S[a$pvpva$S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$pva$S[S[a$a$S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$亚ĩk(2a$S[a$a$S[䰌u7?u7?S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[pva$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$ĩa$a$EMa$a$S[a$a$S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$a$u7?S[k(2a$a$biS[a$a$S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$u7?a$a$a$a$bipva$a$pvS[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[u7?a$k(2a$ͷĩa$S[S[a$S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$S[a$ĩĩa$EMEMa$ĩS[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[EMa$a$k(2a$a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[pva$a$a$a$S[u7?a$a$u7?S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[pva$a$a$k(2S[S[S[S[S[S[a$a$亚a$a$S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[EMa$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$EMa$a$a$a$a$EMS[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[pva$a$a$pvS[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲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̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩS[S[S[ĩS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$䰌a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$k(2a$a$S[a$a$u7?ͷa$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$u7?u7?a$pvS[a$bik(2a$ͷa$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$u7?k(2EMa$a$bia$EMa$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$pvĩa$a$ͷS[a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$S[a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$pva$k(2k(2a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$Ȱa$u7?ͷͷEMa$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$ͷa$a$k(2S[a$a$pva$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$ͷEMa$ĩĩk(2k(2a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$k(2S[ĩa$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$u7?S[S[EMa$ĩa$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$bia$a$S[a$S[a$ĩa$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$k(2S[k(2a$ͷpva$u7?S[a$k(2a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$ͷu7?a$u7?ĩk(2a$S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ȉS[a$a$k(2pvpva$a$a$pvS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩa$a$a$a$a$a$k(2EMa$a$a$a$a$EMS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[k(2a$k(2ͷ亚a$a$S[a$a$亚a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$ĩa$a$k(2a$a$u7?S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[a$biu7?a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩĩa$S[a$EMEMa$ĩS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$S[a$S[S[a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$S[pva$a$pvS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[EMa$biS[a$a$S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩk(2u7?ĩa$a$S[a$a$S[䰌u7?u7?S[a$a$S[pva$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[pva$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$u7?ĩȰa$a$k(2S[a$a$S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$ͷS[a$a$S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$pvk(2a$a$EMa$pvpva$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[EMa$a$S[S[a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[bia$a$k(2k(2a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$pva$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩa$EMbia$EMEMa$biS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$u7?u7?a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$ĩa$a$a$a$a$ĩS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[䰌S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩbiS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩk(2a$a$a$a$EMEMa$a$k(2ͷS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ͷa$a$pvk(2a$EMȺu7?a$k(2S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[bia$a$a$ͷS[a$S[S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[k(2a$EMS[S[S[S[k(2a$u7?S[S[S[S[S[u7?a$u7?S[ĩS[S[a$a$䰌a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩu7?a$bipva$a$S[a$S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[pva$EMa$a$k(2a$ĩS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[k(2a$a$S[a$a$EMS[a$a$EMS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[pvu7?a$a$a$a$a$pvS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$Ⱥa$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$EMa$a$a$pva$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$S[a$EMa$ͷa$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$pva$bia$S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$S[a$u7?u7?a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$S[a$pva$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$bia$ĩu7?k(2ĩa$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[։S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[a$a$S[a$u7?a$pva$EMa$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$a$k(2a$u7?a$k(2bia$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$֓bia$bia$pva$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$u7?a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩS[S[a$a$a$a$S[a$pva$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$u7?a$a$EMa$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[k(2a$biĩS[S[a$a$k(2a$a$a$k(2S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[bia$S[S[a$a$pvS[pvĩa$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[u7?a$u7?S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[k(2a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[亚S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[։S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$EMȜpva$EMa$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$S[a$S[a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$S[a$S[a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$S[a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$pva$EMa$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[k(2a$bi񺚟a$a$a$ͷa$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩa$a$a$a$a$a$bia$a$biS[a$a$pvS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ȓbia$k(2bipva$a$a$a$a$biS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ְS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[䰌ĩS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[䰌S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[䰌S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$u7?a$a$a$EMu7?a$a$a$u7?S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$k(2a$a$u7?a$a$u7?k(2a$a$u7?a$a$k(2S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[䰌a$S[a$u7?k(2a$pva$k(2k(2a$pvS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$a$u7?a$a$ĩĩa$k(2S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$ĩa$u7?a$a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$biu7?a$ͷa$S[S[a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[։S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[a$S[a$S[a$a$bibia$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$S[a$S[a$bia$a$biS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ͷbia$S[a$S[a$S[a$a$S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩk(2a$a$a$a$a$a$a$bia$S[a$a$S[a$a$S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ͷa$a$EMͷȺpva$a$S[a$S[a$bia$S[a$a$S[䰌u7?u7?S[a$a$S[pva$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[u7?a$pvk(2a$ͷa$S[a$S[a$bia$a$biS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$k(2a$pva$bia$S[a$a$bibia$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$k(2a$a$k(2Ȱa$a$biu7?a$ͷa$S[S[a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[u7?a$k(2a$ͷͷk(2a$a$EMa$ͷa$u7?a$a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ͷa$a$S[ͷk(2a$EMEMa$a$a$a$a$a$u7?k(2a$ĩĩa$k(2S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩk(2a$a$a$a$a$a$a$S[EMa$a$bia$u7?k(2a$pva$k(2k(2a$pvS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩS[S[pvk(2a$k(2a$a$EMa$a$u7?k(2a$a$u7?a$a$k(2S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩa$k(2a$a$a$EMu7?a$a$a$u7?S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[u7?a$ͷS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[a$k(2S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[k(2a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ȰS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[䰌S[S[ĩS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$a$k(2S[a$a$pvS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[EMa$ͷk(2a$pvĩa$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$k(2a$k(2a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$u7?a$a$ͷa$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[u7?a$ĩEMa$bibia$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$bia$a$pvS[a$k(2S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[u7?pvEMa$a$a$k(2ͷS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ͷ䰌S[S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$S[a$a$a$a$a$ĩa$a$a$a$a$ĩS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$S[a$a$EMu7?a$a$ĩa$a$u7?pvu7?a$a$S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$ͷa$a$EMa$k(2S[a$EMEMa$biS[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$pva$u7?a$a$ĩa$a$a$a$S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$S[a$bia$pvͷa$k(2k(2a$S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$S[a$S[S[a$S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$S[a$pvpva$S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$pva$S[S[a$a$S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$亚ĩk(2a$S[a$a$S[䰌u7?u7?S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[pva$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$ĩa$a$EMa$a$S[a$a$S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$a$u7?S[k(2a$a$biS[a$a$S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$u7?a$a$a$a$bipva$a$pvS[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[u7?a$k(2a$ͷĩa$S[S[a$S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$S[a$ĩĩa$EMEMa$ĩS[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[EMa$a$k(2a$a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[pva$a$a$a$S[u7?a$a$u7?S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[pva$a$a$k(2S[S[S[S[S[S[a$a$亚a$a$S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[EMa$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$EMa$a$a$a$a$EMS[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[pva$a$a$pvS[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲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̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩS[S[S[ĩS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$䰌a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$k(2a$a$S[a$a$u7?ͷa$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$u7?u7?a$pvS[a$bik(2a$ͷa$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$u7?k(2EMa$a$bia$EMa$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$pvĩa$a$ͷS[a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$S[a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$pva$k(2k(2a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$Ȱa$u7?ͷͷEMa$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$ͷa$a$k(2S[a$a$pva$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$ͷEMa$ĩĩk(2k(2a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$k(2S[ĩa$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$u7?S[S[EMa$ĩa$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$bia$a$S[a$S[a$ĩa$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$k(2S[k(2a$ͷpva$u7?S[a$k(2a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$ͷu7?a$u7?ĩk(2a$S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ȉS[a$a$k(2pvpva$a$a$pvS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩa$a$a$a$a$a$k(2EMa$a$a$a$a$EMS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[k(2a$k(2ͷ亚a$a$S[a$a$亚a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$ĩa$a$k(2a$a$u7?S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[a$biu7?a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩĩa$S[a$EMEMa$ĩS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$S[a$S[S[a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$S[pva$a$pvS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[EMa$biS[a$a$S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩk(2u7?ĩa$a$S[a$a$S[䰌u7?u7?S[a$a$S[pva$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[pva$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$u7?ĩȰa$a$k(2S[a$a$S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$ͷS[a$a$S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$pvk(2a$a$EMa$pvpva$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[EMa$a$S[S[a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[bia$a$k(2k(2a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$pva$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩa$EMbia$EMEMa$biS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$u7?u7?a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$ĩa$a$a$a$a$ĩS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[䰌S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩbiS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩk(2a$a$a$a$EMEMa$a$k(2ͷS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ͷa$a$pvk(2a$EMȺu7?a$k(2S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[bia$a$a$ͷS[a$S[S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[k(2a$EMS[S[S[S[k(2a$u7?S[S[S[S[S[u7?a$u7?S[ĩS[S[a$a$䰌a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩu7?a$bipva$a$S[a$S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[pva$EMa$a$k(2a$ĩS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[k(2a$a$S[a$a$EMS[a$a$EMS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[pvu7?a$a$a$a$a$pvS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$Ⱥa$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$EMa$a$a$pva$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$S[a$EMa$ͷa$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$pva$bia$S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$S[a$u7?u7?a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$S[a$pva$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$bia$ĩu7?k(2ĩa$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[։S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[a$a$S[a$u7?a$pva$EMa$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$a$k(2a$u7?a$k(2bia$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$֓bia$bia$pva$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$u7?a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩS[S[a$a$a$a$S[a$pva$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$u7?a$a$EMa$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[k(2a$biĩS[S[a$a$k(2a$a$a$k(2S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[bia$S[S[a$a$pvS[pvĩa$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[u7?a$u7?S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[k(2a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[亚S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[։S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$EMȜpva$EMa$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$S[a$S[a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$S[a$S[a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$S[a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$pva$EMa$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[k(2a$bi񺚟a$a$a$ͷa$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩa$a$a$a$a$a$bia$a$biS[a$a$pvS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ȓbia$k(2bipva$a$a$a$a$biS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ְS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[䰌ĩS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[䰌S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[䰌S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$u7?a$a$a$EMu7?a$a$a$u7?S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$k(2a$a$u7?a$a$u7?k(2a$a$u7?a$a$k(2S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[䰌a$S[a$u7?k(2a$pva$k(2k(2a$pvS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$a$u7?a$a$ĩĩa$k(2S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$ĩa$u7?a$a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$biu7?a$ͷa$S[S[a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[։S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[a$S[a$S[a$a$bibia$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$S[a$S[a$bia$a$biS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ͷbia$S[a$S[a$S[a$a$S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩk(2a$a$a$a$a$a$a$bia$S[a$a$S[a$a$S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ͷa$a$EMͷȺpva$a$S[a$S[a$bia$S[a$a$S[䰌u7?u7?S[a$a$S[pva$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[u7?a$pvk(2a$ͷa$S[a$S[a$bia$a$biS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$k(2a$pva$bia$S[a$a$bibia$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$k(2a$a$k(2Ȱa$a$biu7?a$ͷa$S[S[a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[u7?a$k(2a$ͷͷk(2a$a$EMa$ͷa$u7?a$a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ͷa$a$S[ͷk(2a$EMEMa$a$a$a$a$a$u7?k(2a$ĩĩa$k(2S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩk(2a$a$a$a$a$a$a$S[EMa$a$bia$u7?k(2a$pva$k(2k(2a$pvS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩS[S[pvk(2a$k(2a$a$EMa$a$u7?k(2a$a$u7?a$a$k(2S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ĩa$k(2a$a$a$EMu7?a$a$a$u7?S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[u7?a$ͷS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[a$k(2S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[k(2a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ȰS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[䰌S[S[ĩS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$a$k(2S[a$a$pvS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[EMa$ͷk(2a$pvĩa$a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$k(2a$k(2a$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$u7?a$a$ͷa$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[u7?a$ĩEMa$bibia$S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$bia$a$pvS[a$k(2S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[u7?pvEMa$a$a$k(2ͷS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[ͷ䰌S[S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$S[a$a$a$a$a$ĩa$a$a$a$a$ĩS[S[a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$S[a$a$EMu7?a$a$ĩa$a$u7?pvu7?a$a$S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$ͷa$a$EMa$k(2S[a$EMEMa$biS[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$pva$u7?a$a$ĩa$a$a$a$S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$S[a$bia$pvͷa$k(2k(2a$S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$S[a$S[S[a$S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$S[a$pvpva$S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$pva$S[S[a$a$S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$亚ĩk(2a$S[a$a$S[䰌u7?u7?S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[pva$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$ĩa$a$EMa$a$S[a$a$S[a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$a$u7?S[k(2a$a$biS[a$a$S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$u7?a$a$a$a$bipva$a$pvS[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[u7?a$k(2a$ͷĩa$S[S[a$S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$a$a$S[a$ĩĩa$EMEMa$ĩS[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[EMa$a$k(2a$a$a$a$a$a$S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[pva$a$a$a$S[u7?a$a$u7?S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[pva$a$a$k(2S[S[S[S[S[S[a$a$亚a$a$S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[EMa$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$a$EMa$a$a$a$a$EMS[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[a$S[S[S[S[S[S[S[S[pva$a$a$pvS[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲a$S[S[S[S[a$̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲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 -&TNPP & ["USUS.,  _X0XXX XX0ProtectingHealthandPromotingPartnerships   ProtectingthehealthofunderservedAmericans ``  <(83"93"  932I-  A  3  0 X   Earlydetectionofbreastandcervicalcancer93݌XTXT Ќ  Developingandevaluatingcommunitybased    behavioralinterventions  "93"  932I-  B  3  0 X   Tobaccouseprevention93/݌00 XTXT Ќ  "93"  932I-  C  3  0 X   Communitybasedpreventionresearch93݌ XTXT Ќ  Buildingchronicdiseasepreventioncapacityinstate @@  healthdepartmentsandstatedepartmentsof   education     `    "93"  932I-  D  3  0 X   Heartdiseaseandstroke93݌ XTXT Ќ  "93"  932I-  E  3  0 X   Diabetes93݌ XTXT Ќ  "93"  93m2I-  F  3  0 X   Arthritis93m݌` ` XTXT Ќ  "93"  93D2I-  G  3  0 X   Nationalprogramofcancerregistries93Dq݌  XTXT Ќ  "93"  937 2I-  H  3  0 X   HIVpreventionamongschoolagedyouth937 d ݌ XTXT Ќ   ProvidingCredibleInformationtoEnhanceHealth    Decisions    "93"  93 2I-  I  3  0 X   #X0Xb#XX0BehavioralRiskFactorSurveillanceSystem93 ݌00XTXT Ќ  "93 "  93 2I-  J  3  0 X   Amediacampaigntoimprovethehealthof  Americaschildren#X0XV # TABLE BMx}TABLE CZ[\]_E<<CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(.3$ !USUS.,  (.3$ !USUS.,  ($$   1  Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5````)!dxdx dbbbb9Hairline!dxdx)Hairline d)!dxdx( $ Figure  1  TABLE B  dgggg)!dxdxjjjj)!dxdxP Pdllll)!dxdx dnnnn)!dxdx djj)! dxdxqqqq)!dxdx&0 d dssss)!dxdx&P d duuuu)!dxdx&p d Pdwwww)!dxdx&p Pd dyzyz)!dxdx3+0 d d d3+0 d d dhttp://www2.cdc.gov/ffhhs/http://mtn.niosh.cdc.gov/drds/sb/nsspmhlp.htmhttp://mtn.niosh.cdc.gov/drds/sb/nsspmhlp.htm06TABLE Vdd̗2ddd dd(d.*lx `Ett} v (#(#   (#(# X0XXXDXX0TotalProgramFunding(Dollarsinthousands)#X0XD# DXX0 t #X0XD&#DXX0 FY2003: 0 ` $697,0350` (#` (#0h(#(#(Estimate)   p      x <h(#h(#  FY2002: 0 ` $753,7120` (#` (#0h(#(#(CurrentEstimate)#X0XD}#DXX0 Th(#h(#  FY2001: 0 ` $755,5550` (#` (#0h(#(#_(Actual)# D#D  h(#h(#    `     h Mandate  `     h  T  CDCischargedwithplanning,directing,andcoordinatinganationalprogramforthepreventionof  l  prematuredeath,disease,anddisabilityduetochronicillnessesandconditions.  ,     `     h      p      HealthBurden  \   Chronicdiseases(includingheartdiseaseandstroke,cancer,anddiabetesaccountfor70%ofallU.S. $t  deathsandonethirdofyearsofpotentiallifelostbeforeage65.Morethan90millionAmericanslive 4  withchronicillnesses,and75%ofthe$1trillioncostofhealthcareisattributabletotheseconditions.   Theprolongedcourseofillnessanddisabilityfromdiseasessuchasdiabetesandarthritisresultsin d  extendedpainandsufferinganddecreasedqualityoflifeformillionsofAmericans.Chronicdiseases $t  rarelyresolveontheirownandaregenerallynotcuredbymedicationorpreventedbyvaccines. 4 Effectivemeasuresdoexist,however,topreventmuchofthechronicdiseaseburdenandcurtailits  devastatingconsequences.Unfortunately,noteveryonewhocanbenefitfromthesemeasureshas d accesstothem. $t ChronicconditionsarenotlimitedtoolderAmericans,yettheseconditionsincreasewithage.The  increaseintheproportionofolderAmericans,largelyduetotheagingofthebabyboomgeneration, d meansthatthenationneedsaneffectivepublichealthresponsetochronicanddisablingconditionsnow. $t FortypercentofalldeathsintheUnitedStateseachyeararedirectlyattributabletoheartdiseaseand 4 stroke.# D#D Cancerwillstrikemorethan1.3millionAmericansinthenextyear.Diabetescontinuesto  increaseatanalarmingrate,withconcomitantincreasesinthenumberofpersonsfacingpreventable d complicationssuchasblindness,footandlegamputations,andkidneydisease.Theimpactofarthritis, $t osteoporosis,urinaryincontinence,andAlzheimersdiseaseonsocietyisconsiderableandwillgrowas 4 thepopulationages.  Although7ofevery10deathsamongAmericansareduetochronicdiseases,theunderlyingcausesof $t! thesedeathsareoftenriskfactorsthatcanbemodifiedsuccessfullyyearsbeforetheyultimately 4" contributetochronicillnessanddisability.Arelativelyfewmodifiableriskfactorsbringsufferingand # earlydeathtomillionsofAmericans.Threesuchfactors!tobaccouse,poornutrition,andlackof d $ physicalactivity!aremajorcontributorstothenationsleadingkillers.Eachyear,400,000deaths $!t% (about20%ofalldeaths)arelinkedtotobaccouse,whichcausesnotonlylungcancerandemphysema !4& butalsoonefifthofallcardiovasculardiseasedeaths. "'  Strategies,Activities,Resources,andPartnerships  $$t) CDCsstrategytoprotectthepublicfromchronicdiseasesistoreduceoreliminatecontributing $< * behavioralriskfactors,increasetheprevalenceofhealthpromotionpractices,anddetectdiseaseearly % + topreventcomplicationsormanagethemmoreeffectively.CDCimplementsthisstrategythrough l&!, supportforstateprograms,surveillance,preventionresearch,evaluation,andhealthpromotion.Active ,'|"- partnershipsareessentialtoeachoftheseefforts.CDCcoordinatesandcatalyzestheactivitiesofmany '<#. publicandprivatepartners!governmentagencies,professionalorganizations,voluntaryorganizations, (#/ academicinstitutions,healthcareorganizations,communityorganizations,andprivateorganizationsand l)$0 businesses.Theexpertise,experience,andoutreachcapabilitiesofthesepartnerssubstantiallyincrease ,*|%1 CDCseffectivenessinreachingpersonsathighestriskforchronicdiseases. *<&2  l,'4 Topreventtheonsetofchronicdiseases,CDCconductsresearchandpromotesprogramsthat  encouragephysicalactivityandhealthierdietsandthatreducetobaccouse,especiallyamongyouth. p CDCalsoworkstopreventordelaytheseriouscomplicationsofdiseaseslikediabetes,withnotable 0 success.Forexample,Michiganestablishedadiabetescareandeducationcollaborationwithhospitals, @ healthdepartments,andhomecareagencies.Participantshada45%lowerrateofhospitalizations,  31%lowerrateoflowerextremityamputations,and27%lowerdeathratethannonparticipants. p Althoughresearchhasunlockedmanyfeaturesofchronicdiseases,muchremainstobelearned.CDC  @ conductssurveysonpeoplesbehavior,supportssurveillancesystemsandotherdatacollectionmethods   totracktheprevalenceofchronicdiseaseriskfactors(suchasobesity),andbringsanewpublichealth p   perspectivetowellknownconditionssuchasepilepsy.CDClaboratoryscientistshelpdeepenthe 0   understandingofchronicdiseasescausesandprogressionbydesigningandimprovingsophisticated  @  measuresofcholesterol,glucose,vitaminandminerallevels,andothercriticalmarkers.Fromspecific   laboratorymeasurestomorecomplexstudiesofbehaviorsandriskfactors,CDCseffortsaredesigned p  tounderstandthecausesandconsequencesofchronicdiseasesandtoplacethepowerfultoolsof 0  preventionwithinthereachofmorepeopleeveryday. @    PresentationofPerformance  p  CDCconsideredseveralfactorsindevelopingperformancemeasuresforchronicdiseaseprevention. 8  Longlatencyofchronicdiseases:ThethreeleadingcausesofdeathintheUnitedStatesareheart  disease,cancer,andstroke.Riskfactorssuchastobaccouse,poordiet,andlackofexercisethatoften | becomehabitualduringyouthorearlyadulthoodcontributetothedevelopmentofthesediseasesover < longperiods.Thelonglatencyofmanychronicdiseasescomplicatesthedevelopmentofoutcome L measures;forexample,reductionsinsmokingrateswillnotcutbacklungcancerdeathsfordecades.   Moreover,manyofthemosteffectiveinterventionsareaimedatpreventingyouthfromadoptingrisky | behaviors,butthepositiveoutcomesassociatedwiththeseactionsarenotreapeduntiladulthood.Over < time,Americanscanbeinfluencedtoadopthealthierbehaviors,buteffortsrarelyresultinsignificantor L startlingchangesonayearlybasis.   Recentdevelopmentofchronicdiseaseprograms:Chronicdiseaseprogramsarerelativelynewinthe < publichealthworld.Forexample,althoughthenationsleadingcauseofdeathforthepastcentury, P 1998markedthefirstyearofCDCsstatebasedheartdiseaseandstrokepreventionprogram.Only   recentlyhaveallstatesreceivedfundingfordiabetescontrolprograms.Thus,manystatesarestill ! puttingintoplacethebasicinfrastructureofpeople,networks,andsystemsforeffectiveprograms.With @" theexceptionoftheNationalBreastandCervicalCancerEarlyDetectionProgram,noneofCDCs P# chronicdiseaseprogramsarefocusedonservicedelivery.Rather,theycenterondevelopingthe $ policies,environments,andsystemsthatsupporthealthybehaviorandappropriatehealthcare.  % Availabilityofannualdatatomeasureperformance:CDCsdatacollectionsystemsformonitoringrisk "P' factorsandbehaviorsforchronicdiseasesarecollectedannuallyforadults(BehavioralRiskFactor "( SurveillanceSystem[BRFSS])butonlybienniallyforadolescents(YouthRiskBehaviorSurveillance #) System[YRBSS]). Althoughthesesourcesyieldvaluableinformationonchronicdiseasebehavioralrisk D$* factors,theyarenotdesignedtocollectoutcomedataonchronicdiseases. %T + Opinionsandrecommendationsofkeystakeholders:CDCseffortstoprotectAmericansfromchronic &!- diseasesdependoncollaborativerelationships.Futurereductionsindiseaseburdenwillrequirethe H'". persistentcommitmentandsuccessofCDCprogramspluswidespreadactionsbyhealthcareproviders, (X#/ researchers,publichealthandeducationagencies,insurersandpayers,federalagencies,andthe ($0 privateandnonprofitsectors.CDCspartnershavevoicedconcernabouttheirabilitytodemonstrate )$1 outcomemeasuresrelatedtochronicdiseaseandadvocateabalancebetweenoutcomeandprocess H*%2 objectives. +X&3  +'4 8W 8e 8  Needforpartnerinvolvement:Chronicdiseasesareacommunitywideburden.CDCworkswithstate  andlocalhealthandeducationagencies,healthcareorganizations,academicinstitutions,national t organizations,nonprofitagencies,business,andphilanthropiestoreducetheburdenofchronicdiseases. 4 Thepresentationofperformanceforprogramsinchronicdiseasepreventionandhealthpromotionis  necessarilybroadbecauseoftherangeandbreadthofCDCscrosscuttingactivities.DuringFY2002,. t .CDCschronicdiseaseprogramswillevaluatetheeffectivenessofperformancemeasures.ForFY 4  2003,significantchangesareexpectedinordertopresentstrongeroutcomemeasuresandgoalsfor  D highprioritychronicdiseaseprograms.   # D #D Infiscalyear2003,# D<0#D CDCwillconsolidatestatefundingintosixcategoriesofgrantprogramsinfiscalyear 4   2003.Thesesixmostcloselyalignwiththewayprogramsareorganizedandimplementedinstate  D  healthdepartments,andtheclusteringofstatepartnerorganizationsthatcofund# D0#D Ԁandimplementthe    programs:(1)HeartDiseaseandStroke;(2)CancerPreventionandControl(# D2#D breastandcervicalcancer t  registries,andothercancergrantawards)# D2#D ;(3)Diabetes;(4)HealthPromotion(BehavioralRiskFactor 8  SurveillanceSystem(BRFSS),tobacco,nutrition/physicalactivity/obesity,oralhealth,arthritis,Safe L  MotherhoodandinfancyincludingPregnancyRiskAssessmentMonitoringSystem(PRAMS),   WISEWOMAN,andanyothercooperativeagreementsnotspecifiedabovethatprovidegrantsforstate |  preventionprograms).# Dc3#D Inadditiontothestateawardsabove,consolidatedawardswillbemadeto <  departmentofeducationanduniversitypartnersinthefollowingtwoareas:# Du5#D Ԁ(1)  SchoolHealth(YouthRisk L BehaviorSurveillanceSystem(YRBSS),schoolbasedHIVprevention,andschoolhealthprograms);  and(2)PreventionCenters. # Da6#D Overthepastyear,CDChasconsultedwiththeStateChronicDisease  Directors,# D7#D the# D+8#D AssociationofStateandTerritorialHealthOfficialsandtheAssociationofStateand L TerritorialDirectorsofHealthPromotionandHealthEducation# Dq8#D regardingconsolidatingandstreamlining  \ thecooperativeagreementprocess.# D^9#D Ԁ# D9#D   Currentchronicdiseasepreventionandhealthpromotionactivitiesaresummarizedinthetablebelow. L # DB:#fYT2"`tC6 `EO<6ttT@ Af (#(#D  &%DProtectingHealthandPromoting  Partnerships#D%&;#   ProtectingthehealthofunderservedAmericans  D &%DIIB.1aEarlyDetectionofBreastand  ! CervicalCancer#D%&<#  "  Morethanonehalfmillionwomenwilldieof P $ breastandcervicalcancerinthedecadeending !`% in2009.Breastcanceraccountsfornearlyone ! & thirdofallcancersinwomen.Anestimated "' 30%of# D;#D deathsfrombreastcancerinwomen P#( overage50arepreventablethroughregular $`) mammogramscreenings.Acombinationof $ * annualclinicalbreastexaminationsand % + mammographycanreducebreastcancer P&!, mortalitybymorethan30%forwomenaged50 '`"- 74.Earlydetectionalsoincreasesthe5year ' #. survivalrate.Treatmentcostsforbreastcancer (#/ diagnosedatthelocalizedorinsitustagemay P)$0 beasmuchas31%lowerthancostsforbreast *`%1 cancerdiagnosedinlaterstages# D>#D .# DhA#D  * &2 P,'4 :Oa :e :  Approximately13,000newcasesofcervicalcancerarediagnosedeachyear.# DA#D ԀAlmostalldeathsfrom  cervicalcancerinwomenoverage50arepreventablethroughwidespreaduseofPapanicolaou(Pap) p testing. 0 Earlydiagnosisofbreastandcervicalcancersavesmoneyaswellaslives.CDCsNationalBreastand  CervicalCancerEarlyDetectionProgram(NBCCEDP)providescancerscreeningforunderserved p women,particularlylowincomewomen,olderwomen,andmembersofracial/ethnicminorities.This 0  programcreatesthefoundationforanaggressiveresponsetothishealthproblemandensuresthe  @ deliveryofsuccessfulscreeningservices.CDCsupportsactivitiesatthestateandnationallevelsinthe   areasofscreening,referralandfollowupservices,qualityassurance,publicandprovidereducation, p   surveillance,partnershipdevelopment,andevaluation.   p      x   0   BecauseCDCsNBCCEDPisaservicedeliveryprogram,bothperformancemeasuresforNBCCEDP   areoutcomemeasures.MammogramsandPaptestsaretraditionallyunderused bywomenwhoare p  membersofracialandethnicminoritygroups.CDCstrivestoeliminateracialandethnicdisparitiesin 0  screeningforbreastandcervicalcancers.Byitsnature,suchascreeningprogramrequirestimeto @  demonstratepositiveeffectsinthetargetpopulation.Datacollectionforthesemeasureshasbeen   systematizedbyCDC,andstatehealthagencieswereinvolvedinthedevelopmentofthemeasures. p     LinkstoDHHSStrategicPlan   TheseperformancemeasuresrelatetoDHHSGoal4:Improvethequalityofhealthcareandhuman x services,andObjective4.2:Reducedisparitiesinthereceiptofqualityhealthcareservices. <  Partnerships   Theabilitytoimplementanationwideprogramdependsontheinvolvementofnational,stateandlocal  governments,healthcareprofessionsandorganizations,socialserviceandadvocacyorganizations,and H academia.Partnershipshelpprivateandpublicorganizationsdevelop,implement,andevaluate X national,community-basedinterventionsforcancerpreventionandearlydetection.Theyalsotestnew  methodsandreplicateprovenstrategiestoeducateconstituentsabouttheprevention,earlydetection,  andcontrolofcancers;increaseaccesstoscreeningamongunderservedpopulations;andcreatenew H collaborationstoenhancecancercontroleffortsinprioritypopulations.CDCfundsastrongandeffective X networkofpartnersthatarewellpositionedincommunitiesatriskandthatbringcriticalknowledge,   skills,credibility,andresourcestoCDCscancercontroleffortsforprioritypopulations.These ! populationsincludeuninsuredpersonsandminoritygroupssuchasAmericanIndians,AlaskanNatives, H" AfricanAmericans,Hispanics,Asian/PacificIslanders,lesbians,womenwithdisabilities,andpersons X# livinginhard-to-reachcommunitiesinurbanandruralareas. $ CDCcollaborateswiththeNationalCancerInstitute(NCI)inavarietyofareas.OneexampleisCDCs H!& partnershipwithNCIsCancerInformationServicetodevelopdemonstrationprojectstoimproveearly "X' detectionamongolderwomen.Thegoalistoincreaseandsustaintheparticipationofeligible "( underservedwomen,aged1864,intheeducationandscreeningservicesofferedthroughCDCandto #) educatewomenwhoarediagnosedwithbreastorcervicalcanceraboutstate-of-the-arttreatment H$* options.AmemorandumofagreementbetweenCDCandtheIndianHealthService(IHS)provides %X + supportforcollaborativescientificandtrainingactivities.Theaimoftheseagreementsistodevelop, %!, deliver,andpromotechronicdiseasepreventionactivitiesforAmericanIndiansandAlaskaNatives. &!- CDChasalsoassistedtheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)inconductingqualityassurancetraining H'". programsformammography. (X#/    `     h  +'4  PerformanceSummary   # DB#D ThroughMarch2001,CDCsNationalBreastandCervicalCancerEarlyDetectionProgram(NBCCEDP) x hasprovidedmorethan3millionscreeningteststoover1.3millionwomen.Theprogramhasdiagnosed 8 10,649breastcancers,45,154precancerouscervicallesions,andover700casesofinvasivecervical H cancer.# DU#D ԀIn2000,excludingbreastcancersdiagnosedonaninitialscreen( firstmammogramprovided  throughCDC) , atleast66%ofwomenaged40andolderwerediagnosedatthelocalizedstage.In2000, x excludinginvasivecervicalcancersdiagnosedonaninitialscreen (firstPaptestprovidedthroughCDC), @  theageadjustedrateofinvasivecervicalcancerinwomenaged20andolderwas16per100,000Pap  P testsprovided.   ArecentCDCstudyoftheNBCCEDPidentifiedaproblemwithreportingstagedataforbreastcancer. @   Sincecompletingthestudy,reportingofstagedatahasbeencorrectedinseveralstates.Thisdata  P  improvementhasimpactedthedistributionofwomendiagnosedatalocalizedstage.Sincethedata    haveimproved,CDCrecommendsthatthetargetbemodifiedtomorerealisticallyreflectprogram   progress.ThenewtargetsforFY01andFY02forwomenaged40andolderdiagnosedatthelocalized @  stagewillbe69%and70%respectively. P  EventhoughCDChasexceededitsgoalof nomorethan22per100,000Paptestsprovided,CDC   doesnotrecommendchangingthetarget.EffectiveApril2000,CDCchangedthepolicyforPap @  screeningtoreachalargerproportionofunderservedwomen!i.e.,rarelyandneverscreenedwomen. P CDCdoesnotknowwhetherthechangeinpolicywillaffecttheabilitytomaintainthesuccessful19per  100,000rate.DataforFY2001willbeavailableafterApril2002.   CDCisalsosupportingactivitiestoimprovethequalityandeffectivenessofNBCCEDP.Tothatend, P CDCisexamining:1)factorsthatinfluencerescreeningbehaviors,2)behaviorsthatmightcontributeto  theetiologyofbreastcancer,3)survivaldifferencesbetweenblackandwhitewomen,4)economic  barrierstocancerscreening,and5)followupandtreatmentofprecursorconditionsofcervicalcancer. @ Hopefully,continuedimprovementinscreeningutilizationwillcontributetooneofournationssuccesses P ineliminatingdisparitiesincancerdeathratesamongvariouspopulations.   <GoalbyGoalPresentationofPerformance  H  A_@ d@ APerformanceGoal:0 Increaseearlydetectionofbreastandcervicalcancerbybuilding Q  nationwideprogramsinbreastandcervicalcancerprevention,especially ! amonghighrisk,underservedwomen. " (# (# @ Bv@1111!a@   ` *`ddd Xdd Xdd X(#(#, dd ,w dd ,dd ,dd +  /J $J  / PerformanceMeasures A,! % A Targets A,! & A ActualPerformance A,! ' A Ref. 8#! ( 8Excludingbreastcancers  "Z) diagnosedonaninitialscreen* "*  intheNBCCEDP,diagnoseat #+ least70%ofwomenaged40 J$, andolderatthelocalizedstage.  %Z -  (firstmammogramprovided %!. throughCDCsNBCCEDP) $&!/ $# DW#D  FY03 :70%   "Z0 FY02: 70%  ""1 FY01: 69% #2  FY00: 72% b$3  FY99: 71%  *%z 4   &"6  FY03: 4/2004   "Z7 FY02: 4/2003  ""8 FY01: 4/2002 #9  FY00: 66%  b$:  FY99: 70% *%z ;  FY98: 70% %B!<  FY95: 70% & "=   ,R'D Page  "ZE 96 ) "F ) PerformanceMeasures A,!d A Targets A,!d A ActualPerformance A,!d A Ref. 8#!d 8# Dyg#D Excludinginvasivecervical p cancersdiagnosedonaninitial 0 screen*intheNBCCEDP, @ lowertheageadjustedrateof  invasivecervicalcancerin p   womenaged20andolderto 0   notmorethat22per100,000  @  Paptestsprovided.    (firstPaptestprovidedthrough p   CDCsNBCCEDP) $0  $# D]k#D  FY03: 22/100,000  p FY02: 22/100,000  8 FY01: 22/100,000 P  FY00: 22/100,000   FY99: 22/100,000     FY03: 4/2004  p FY02: 4/2003  8 FY01: 4/2002 P  FY00: 16/100,000    FY99: 19/100,000    FY98: 23/100,000 X   FY95: 26/100,000   p Page p 96# Dm#D  0    # D p# D Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures: CDCusestheMinimumDataElements(MDEs)to 8  reportthepercentageofwomenaged40andolderwhoarediagnosedatalocalizedstage.States,   territories,andtribalorganizationssubmitMDEselectronicallytwiceayear(January15andJuly15)toa p ! datamanagementcontractor,whoanalyzesthedataandsubmitsadatafiletoCDC.Thesefilesare 0 " madeavailableinAprilandOctober.CDCusestheJanuary15submissiontoreportperformancefor @ # thismeasure.DataprovidedintheperformancereportincludeonlyscreeningexamsthroughMarch31 $ ofthepreviousyeartoallowadequatetimetogatherthedataandpresentacompleteprogramreport. p% States,territories,andtribalorganizationsareprovided9monthsaftertheinitialscreeningdate(March 0& 31)togatherdiagnosticandtreatmentinformationandpreparethedatasubmissionbyJanuary15.The @' datamanagementcontractoranalyzesthedatabyMarchandsendsthereporttoCDC.Alldata ( collectedandsubmittedbystateshaveindicatorstoassesscompleteness.Dataarealsoassessed p) againstestablishedclinicalstandards.# Dp# 0*  D &%DDevelopingandEvaluatingCommunitybasedPreventionResearch H. IIB.1bTobaccoUsePrevention#D%&av#  P0 Tobaccouseistheleadingpreventablecauseofdisabilityanddeath,directlycontributingtothedeaths 2 ofmorethan400,000AmericanseachyearandcostinguptoԀw$73billionannuallyindirectmedicalcosts. `3 EverydayԀ[x6,000youngpeopletrycigarettesforthefirsttime.Oftodayschildren,5millioncanbe  p4 expectedtodieprematurelyifcurrentsmokingtrendscontinue.CDCiscommittedtoreducingtobacco 05 use,withanultimategoalofreducingtheburdenoftobaccoattributabledisease.Comprehensivestate  6 programs,includingschoolbasedprogramsandlocaloutreachefforts,havebeenshowntobeeffective `!7 inreducingtheprevalenceoftobaccouse.# DBv#D   "p8 Much ofCDCscurrenttobacco budgetisdirectedtowardstates.In2001,CDCsignificantlyincreased #: financialandtechnicalsupporttoall50states, territories,andtribes. Inaddition,asaresultoftherecent `$; settlementagreementwiththetobaccoindustry,states nowhaveadditionalresourcesavailableto  %p < devotetovԀ|tobaccocontrol.# Dz#D  AsofFebruary15,2001,36 stateshaveinvested$654.9millionfromthe %0!= settlementagreementsinFY2001fortobaccousepreventionandcontrolprograms.Excisetaxesare &!> alsoanimportantsourceoffundsfortobaccocontrolin8states,whichhaveappropriated$218.4million `'"? forthispurpose.Inaddition,9stateshaveappropriated$9.9millionfromtheirgeneralrevenueto  (p#@ supporttobaccousepreventionandcontrolprograms.Intotal,stateinvestmentfortobaccocontrol (0$A activitiesinfiscalyear2001is$883.2million. Another$9millioningrantfundsisalsoavailableto 20 )$B states throughtheAmericanLegacyFoundation,whichwascreatedasapartofthesettlement `*%C agreementbetweenstatesandthetobaccoindustry, tosupporttobaccoprogramsforyouth. However,  +p&D thetotalinvestmentsinstatesfromstate,federal,andnationalsourcesaveragesabout59%ofthelower +0'E boundfundingestimateinBestPractices.In5statesandtheDistrictofColumbia,federalandprivate ,'F fundsaretheonlyfundsbeinginvestedintobaccocontrol,andinatleast20states,theymakeup50%  ormoreofthefundsbeinginvested.FiscalYear2002fundswillbeusedtosustainCDCslevelof p fundingandtoprovide technicalassistancetostatesbyadvancingthesciencebehindcomprehensive 0 tobaccousepreventionandcontrolprograms.AlthoughCDCintendstokeepapredominantfocuson @ domesticprograms, aproportionofthetobacco fundsforFY2002willbeforglobaltobaccocontrol.   LinktoDHHSStrategicPlan 0   PerformanceobjectivesrelatetoDHHSGoal1:Reducemajorthreatstohealthandproductivityofall  H Americans,especiallyObjective1.1:Reducetobaccouse,especiallyamongyouth.    Partnerships  @   ItisimportanttonotethatwhileCDCservesasafocalpointforDHHStobaccopreventionactivities,  X  preventionorreductionoftobaccouseisasharedeffort.MultipleagenciesinDHHS,inadditiontoCDC,    addresstobaccouse.NIHconductsbiomedicalandappliedresearch,surveillance,andpublichealth   interventions.SAMHSAconductssurveillanceandimplementsregulationsonminorsaccessto H  tobacco.OtheragencieswithrolesintobaccopolicyaretheFederalTradeCommission(withoversight X  ofthetestingprotocolfortarandnicotineyieldsincigarettesandthemonitoringandregulationof   advertisingpractices),USDA(throughtheirworkwithtobaccofarmingcommunities),Departmentof   Commerce(regarding themanufacturingsectorandrelatedbusinesses),TreasuryDepartment(with H  customsandtaxationissues),andEPA(regardingissuesrelatedtosecondhandsmoke).Stateandlocal X governments,nongovernmentalorganizations(e.g.,AmericanCancerSociety,RobertWoodJohnson  Foundation),andhealthcareprovidersalsoplayimportantrolesineffortstoreducetobaccouse.CDC  workswithcommunitybasedprograms,healthcommunicationcampaigns,andschoolstopreventand H reduce smokingamongyouth. X Itisimportanttonotethatmarketingandotherfactors(e.g.,tobaccoadvertising,industrypricing  patterns,glamorizationoftobaccouseinthepopularmedia)cancounteracteffortstoreducetobacco H use. X   PerformanceSummary  H Between1991and1997,cigaretteuseamongyouth(grades912)increasedfrom27.5%to36.4%, ` althoughtherateofincreaseinyouthsmokingslowedfrom19951997. DatareleasedfromCDCs    YouthRiskBehaviorSurveyinJune2000indicatethatthepercentageofyouth(grades912)whosmoke ! thendroppedslightlyto34.8%in1999. Thus,CDChasalreadymettheyouthsmokinggoalforFY2001. P" КSuccessinreducingtheyouth smokingrateisattributedtorestrictionsonthetobaccoindustry,increased `# statefundingfortobaccocontrolprograms,technicalassistancefromthefederalgovernmentto  $ determineeffectivetobaccocontrolstrategies,andcoordinationoftobaccocontroleffortsamongpublic  % agenciesandnongovernmentalorganizations. P!& CDChasreviseditsteensmokingprevalenceprojectionsbasedonthesuccessinachievingreductions  " ( inratesandalsobyrecognizingtheimportantcountervailingenvironmentalinfluenceof tobacco #) industryadvertising,whichhassoaredto$8.24billionin1999anincreaseof65%since1996. The P$* continuedsuccessoftobaccocontrolactivitieswillbedeterminedbymonitoringcigaretteuseamong %` + youth. % !,     , (5 GoalbyGoalPresentationofPerformance  A_@ d@xAPerformanceGoal :0 Reducecigarettesmokingamongyouth.  (# (# @`t޾@1111!@*`dd dd  w dd w dd dd `(#(#,` dd ,` dd ,` dd ,Xdd +  / / PerformanceMeasure A,!V A Target A,!V A ActualPerformance A,!V A Ref. A,!V AReducethepercentageof b youth(grades912)who " r smokebyconductingan  2  educationalcampaign,    supportingstateprograms, b   andworkingwithnon " r  governmentalentities. 6,! 2  6 FY03: 32.3% b  FY01: 34.2%* * z  FY99: 36.4%  B f*June2000YRBSSdata z  indicatedachievementofthe & v FY01target,andCDC  " revisedtheteensmoking ~  projections. '*z  'f; FY03: 7/2004 b  FY01: 7/2002  * z  FY99: 34.8%  B  FY97: 36.4%    FY95 :34.8%    FY93: 30.5% J   FY91: 27.5% ' b 'Page b # D|#D 96# D#D  " r " !  "К Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures :CDCmonitorscigaretteuseamongyouthand * " reportsperformanceonabiennialbasisusingtheYouthRiskBehaviorSurvey(YRBS),whichisa  # componentoftheYRBSS(seeAppendixA.2).ThreeԀpadditionalsurveys,theNationalHousehold b $ SurveyonDrugAbuse(NHSDA)theMonitoringTheFuture(MTF)Survey,andtheNationalYouth "r % TobaccoSurvey(NYTS),providecomplementarydataforexaminingtrendsandunderstandingyouth 2& relatedtobaccoissues.TheNHSDAisconductedannuallybySAMHSA;theMTFisconductedannually ' bytheUniversityofMichigansInstituteforSocialResearch;andtheNYTSiscurrentlyconductedbythe b( AmericanLegacyFoundation,butwilltransfertoCDCin2004.# D#D  "r)  &%DIIB.1cCommunityBasedPreventionResearch#D%&P#  b, ̚CDCsHealthPromotionandDiseasePreventionResearchCenter(PRC)programintegratesthe R. resourcesof26academiccenterstodevelopandimplementcommunity-basedpreventionresearch / interventionstoremediatethenationsprimarycausesofdeathanddisability.Expertisefromthe 0 universitybasedPRCsismadeavailabletohealthagencies,community-basedorganizations,and B1 nationalnonprofitorganizations.Thelinkbetweenuniversityresearchandgrassrootsorganizations R2 helpspromotetheapplicationoffindingsandresultsinpractical,cost-effective,andinnovative 3 communityprograms.CDCsPRCprogramisalsoconductingthecommunitypreventioncomponentof 4 NIHsmulti-yearWomensHealthInitiative!oneofthelargestU.S.studiesofwomenshealth.Seven B5 ofthe26PRCsarecreatingmodelsforpreventingheartdisease,diabetes,andtheconsequencesof R6 osteoporosis;detectingbreastandcervicalcancer;andevaluatinghormonereplacementtherapyand 7 dietaryandvitaminsupplementuseinwomen.  8  LinktoDHHSStrategicPlan "R:  ThisperformanceobjectiverelatestoDHHSGoal6:Strengthenthenationshealthsciencesresearch "; enterpriseandenhanceitsproductivity . #< Partnerships %n >  ThePRCsworkthroughestablishedpartnershipsamongstateandlocalhealthdepartments,community %6!? basedorganizations,andotherstakeholderstoconductresearchonaparticulartheme.Forexample, &!@ CDCisworkingwithNIHsOfficeofExtramuralResearchonNIHsWomensHealthInitiative,mentioned f'"A previously.ThePRCprogramsmissionis connectingscienceandpracticethroughanetworkof &(v#B academic,publichealth,andcommunitypartnershipsforscholarly,communitybasedprevention (6$C research,researchtranslation,andeducation. )$D    `       `       `     h _ ,'H  PerformanceSummary   CDCachievedtheFY2000targetofcommunitybased,participatoryresearchprojectsineveryPRC. x BasedonareviewofPRCdemonstrationprojectsandcorecontinuationapplications,CDCbelievesthat 8 the_PRCs_Ԁwillcontinuetoconductresearchprojectsthatreflecttheneedsoftheircommunities. H # D#D Forexample,thePRCatSt.LouisUniversityisengagedinaresearchanddemonstrationprojectentitled x  CoalitionbasedEffortstoPreventChronicDiseasesandDisseminatePreventionResearchFindings. 8  Thisprojectisdesignedtoinducechangesinthreemodifiableriskfactorsfor_CVD_!smoking,sedentary  H behavior,anddiet.Environmentalandpolicyobjectivesinclude:1)theestablishmentofcomprehensive   smokefreeschoolspoliciesinallschooldistrictsininterventionareas;2)localcleanindoorair x   ordinancesthatseverelyrestrictsmokinginpublicplaces;3)walkingtrailsinatleast50%of 8   communitiesininterventionareas;4)schoolnutritionpoliciesleadingtowardreducedfatconsumption  H  andincreasedfruitandvegetableconsumptioninallschooldistrictsininterventionareas;and5)    increasehealthprofessionalactivitiesincounselingandreferralforsmokingcessation,dietmodification, x  andinitiationandmaintenanceofphysicalactivitiesininterventionareasby100%.# Dh#D  8  AnexampleofacoreresearchprojectattheUniversityofKentuckyPRCinvolvescontrollingcancerin   centralAppalachia.Goalstobecompletedwithinathreeyearprojectperiodinclude:1)implement x  surveillance,behavioral,andepidemiologicalstudiestobetterunderstandthecancerproblemand 8  associatedriskfactors;2)designimplement,andevaluateinterventionstrategiesforsignificantcancer H preventionandcontrolissues;3)linkfindingsfrombehavioraland_translational_Ԁresearchintopublic  healthandclinicalpractice;and4)providecancerpreventionandcontrolresearchtrainingopportunities x forcliniciansandscientiststhroughoutcentralAppalachia.# Du#D  8  GoalbyGoalPresentationofPerformance   A_@ d@@APerformanceGoal:0 Supportpreventionresearchtodevelopsustainableandtransferable q communitybasedbehavioralinterventions. 9 (# (# @2ݾ@21111!@*`dd` dd ` ` dd ` ` dd ` Xdd X`(#(#,` dd , dd , dd ,Xdd +  & & PerformanceMeasure /f / Target /f  / ActualPerformance /f! / Ref. /f" /EnsurethatatleastonePRC r# ineachDHHSregion 2$ establishesresearch B% prioritiesanddevelops & interventionsincollaboration r ' withaconstituent 2!( communityD. !B)  $"* $#D# FY03: Atleast1research r+ projectperPRCthatreflects :, communitybased J- participatoryresearch# D #D    . FY02: Atleast1research z / projectperPRCthatreflects B!0 communitybased "R1 participatoryresearch  "2 FY01: Atleast1research #3 projectperPRCthatreflects J$4 communitybased  %Z 5 participatoryresearch %!6  FY00: Atleast1research &!7 projectperPRCthatreflects R'"8 communitybased (b#9 participatoryresearch ("$:  FY99: 1PRCineachregion  )$;  FY03: 6/2004  r< FY02: 6/2003   @ FY01: 6/2002 #D  FY00: Achieved  & "H  FY99: Achieved )%L  FY98: 0 *%M   ,b'O Page rP # DY#D D#v;#v#DZ#96# D#v v 2R   r$Z _ PerformanceMeasure /d / Target /d / ActualPerformance /d / Ref. /d /#D#EnsurethatPRCswork ` towardclosingthegap  p betweenresearchfindings 0 andpublichealthpractices. $ $ FY03:Ԁ Atleast2research `  projectsperPRCaimedat (x  closingthegapbetween 8  researchandpractice# D##D .    FY02: Atleast1research h   projectperPRCaimedat 0  closingthegapbetween  @ researchandpractice.    FY01: Atleast1research p  projectperPRCaimedat 8  closingthegapbetween  H  researchandpractice.     'o7XX'FY03: 6/2004 `  ( Xo7X-(FY02: 6/2003 p   FY01: 6/2002 x   FY00 :Achieved    Page `! # D}#D 96# Df#D   p"     `  Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures: Dataareavailablefromgranteeprogressreports x # andwillbeverifiedthroughsitevisitsandpublications.CDCprogramconsultantsvalidateinformation @ $ receivedthroughsitevisitsandtelephoneconsultations.Nodatalagsareexpected. P %    `  &%DBuildingChronicDiseasePreventionCapacityinStateHealthDepartmentsandState @( DepartmentsofEducation#D%&# h) &%DIIB.1d 򀀀HeartDiseaseandStroke#D%&j#  +    ` Cardiovasculardisease(CVD)primarilyheartdiseaseandstrokeisthenationsnumberonekillerof X- menandwomenacrossallracialandethnicgroups.Morethan40%ofdeathsintheUnitedStates! h. 900,000eachyear!aredirectlyattributabletoheartdiseaseandstroke,andCVDistheleadingcause (/ ofdeathinallstates.Associatedannualcostsexceed$286billion.Majordisparitiesexistamong 0 populationgroups,withadisproportionateburdenofdeathanddisabilityfromheartdiseaseandstroke X1 inracial/ethnicpopulations.Forexample,therateofprematuredeathscausedbyheartdiseaseand h2 strokeisgreateramongAfricanAmericansthanamongwhiteAmericans.Disparitiesalsoexistinthe (3 prevalenceofriskfactors.ThenumberofpeoplewithCVDislikelytoincreaseasthepopulationages, 4 particularlyinpopulationswithincreasedriskfactorsforheartdiseaseandstroke. X5 Scarcepublichealthresourceshaveprohibitedthedevelopmentofaneffectivenationwide (7 cardiovascularhealth(CVH)program.Suchaprogramisneededtomovebeyondtraditional  8 educationalapproachesandbringaboutpolicyandenvironmentalchangesthatfosterandmaintainheart X!9 healthybehaviors(e.g.,policy,social,andenvironmentalsupportsthatencouragephysicalactivity,good "h: nutrition,tobaccocessation,andcontrolhypertensionandcholesterol).Inresponsetothisneed,CDCis "(; buildinganationwideprogramtopreventheartdiseaseandstrokeandtheircomplicationsandto #< promotecardiovascularhealth(CVH).CDCscrosscuttingapproachfocusesonpreventionofriskfactors X$= (tobaccouse,highbloodpressure,highcholesterol,physicalinactivity,poornutrition),surveillance, %h > epidemiologicresearch,andhealthpromotion.Toinitiatethiseffort,CDCisbuildingstatespecific %(!? capacity,startingwithstateswiththegreatestdiseaseburden.Initialfundingisusedforcapacitybuilding &!@ atthecorelevel,whichincludessevencomponents:1)partnershipdevelopment;2)scientificcapacity; X'"A 3)policyandenvironmentalstrategies;4)stateCVHplan;5)trainingandtechnicalassistance;6) (h#B populationbasedstrategies;and7)strategiesforprioritypopulations.Statesthatachievetheseseven (($C capacitiesareeligibleforacomprehensiveleveloffundingsupport. )$D  ,'H CDCcurrentlyfunds6statesatthecomprehensivelevel.Thesestatesaredevelopingand  implementingpolicyandenvironmentalactionstoreduceriskfactorsforCVDandpromote p cardiovascularhealth.Astheprogramsmature,CDCwilldevelopaperformancemeasuretoevaluate 0 eachstatesabilitytoinfluencepolicyandenvironmentalimprovementstopreventandcontrolheart @ diseaseandstroke.Performancemeasuresatthecomprehensivelevelwillconsistofanticipated  outcomessuchas:1)improvementsatthehealthsystemslevelinqualityindicatorsforthetreatmentof p congestiveheartfailure,stroke,andacutemyocardialinfarctionthatareroutinelymeasuredbystate 0  peerrevieworganizations,and2)improvementsinenvironmentalindicatorsincommunities,worksites,  @ andschools.    LinkstoDHHSStrategicPlan  0   CVDperformanceobjectivesarerelatedtoDHHSObjective5.1:Improvethecapacityofthepublic  H  healthsystemtoidentifyandrespondtothreatstothehealthofthenationspopulation.    PerformanceSummary 󀀀 @  CDChasexpandeditspioneeringefforttoprotectAmericansfromcardiovasculardisease.InFY1998 X  (theprogramsfirstyearoffunding),CDCfunded8states,7ofwhichachievedfiveofthesevencore   capacities.InFY1999,3additionalstateswerefunded,foratotalof11states.Thefundingincreasefor   FY1999wasdesignatedforreductionsinracialdisparitiesinCVD.Theadditionalfundssupportedracial H  disparitypreventionprojectsin10of11participatingstatesandsupported2of3additionalcore X programsinitiatedinFY1999.InFY1999,all11statesmetatleastfivecorecapacities.InFY2000,  CDCfundedanadditional14states,bringingthenumberofstatesinthisprogramto25, morethan  triplingthenumberofparticipantsinthe2yearssinceitsinception.InFY2001,CDCfundedan H additional3states,bringthenumberofstatesto28,with22receivingcoreorplanningfundsand6 X receivingcomprehensiveorimplementationfunds.InFY2002,CDCwillcontinuetotargetcore  capacitiesbyincreasingthenumberofstatesthatachieve5ofthe7coreheartdiseaseandstroke  preventioncapacities. H Statesarealreadydocumentingpreventionachievements.NewYork,fundedatthecomprehensive  level,ismakingworksitesmoresupportiveofhearthealthbytrainingmorethan600businessand  communityleadersonthespecificsofahearthealthyworksite.Morethan300sitesareimplementing H changestopromotehearthealthyactivities,suchasofferinglowfatfoodchoicesinvendingmachines, X beingsmokefree,andprovidingphysicalactivitybreaks.NewYorkalsoworkswiththeAmericanHeart   Association(AHA)toensureheartdiseaseistreatedaccordingtoAHAguidelines.MaineisfundingCVD ! preventionactivitiesinitStatesfiveAmericanIndiantribesandisworkingwiththeMaineWomens H" HealthCampaigntoaddressCVDinwomen.WestVirginia,fundedatthecorelevel,conveneda X# conference,CardiovascularHealthinAppalachia:PartneringforChange,atwhichpublichealthand $ healthcareprovidersdevelopedavisionforahearthealthystate.Thecorefundedprogramin  % MississippiinitiatedSistersTogether,acommunitybasedprojectthatencouragesAfricanAmerican L!& womentobecomemoreactiveandeathealthierfoods.Kentucy,withitsDepartmentofEducation,is  "\' integratingCVHintocoordinatedschoolhealthprograms. "(     `     h  ,<(5 GoalbyGoalPresentationofPerformance    5_@<5ӀPerformanceGoal :0 Increasethecapacityofstatecardiovascularhealthprogramstoaddress m preventionofcardiovasculardiseaseatthecommunitylevel. 5 (# (# @ Bv@.~1111!J@*`edd` dd ` dd  dd  Xdd X`(#(#, dd , dd ,dd ,dd +  /.~.~ / PerformanceMeasures A,! A Target A,! A ActualPerformance A,! A Ref. 8#! 8Increasethenumberofstates  >  withfiveofthesevencore    heartdiseaseandstroke n   preventioncapacities. $. ~  $ FY03: 18states   >  FY02: 18states    FY01: 15states ~   FY00: 11states F   FY99: 󀀀8states   ^  FY03: 6/2004   > FY02: 6/2003    FY01: 6/2002 ~   FY00 :Exceeded/15  F   FY99: Exceeded/11  ^  FY98: 7   &  Page  > # D#D 96# D#D      Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures :CDCcollectsandevaluatesstatedataonheart   diseaseandstrokepreventioncapacityviaannualreports. V  Ѐ   `   f     `    &%DIIB.1eDiabetes#D%&#    Nearly16millionAmericanssufferfromdiabetes,andthenumberofnewcasesisincreasingsteadily! 6  byapproximately800,000peryear.DiabetesistheseventhleadingcauseofdeathintheUnitedStates F! andtheprimarycauseofnewcasesofblindness,nontraumaticamputations,andkidneyfailurein " adults.CDCsNationalDiabetesControlProgramsupportsandpromotesaccesstoqualitycareand v# servicesforaffectedpersons.Thiseffortrequiresamultifacetedapproachfortranslatingresearch 6$ findingsintoclinicalandpublichealthpractice,withanemphasison:1)supportfordiabetescontrol F% programsinall50statestodeveloporexpanddiabetescontrolefforts, withadditionalfundingfor & selectedstatestoconductcomprehensivestatewideefforts;and2)activitiestoimprovethequalityof v' careforpersonswithdiabetes.CDCfundsdiabetescontrolprogramsin16statesatanenhanced 6( ComprehensiveCapacitybuildinglevelanddiabetescontrolprogramsin34statesattheCoreCapacity F) buildinglevel.Comprehensiveprogramsareexpectedtoexpandthebasiccoreactivitiestofunction * throughoutthestate.# DX#D  v+  LinkstoDHHSStrategicPlan  F- PerformanceobjectivesrelatetoDHHSGoal4:Improvethequalityofhealthcareandhumanservices, . andspecificallytoObjective4.1:Enhancetheappropriateuseofeffectivehealthservices. /  Partnerships  !V1 CDCandNIHprovidefederalleadershipforthedevelopment,coordination,andimplementationofthe !2 NationalDiabetesEducationProgram(NDEP).CDChasprimaryresponsibilityfor:coordinatingthe "3 NDEPPartnershipNetworkofmorethan200organizations,coordinatingseveralofthe10NDEP N#4 planningworkgroups,andadministeringtheNDEPcommunityinterventionscomponent.CDCis $^5 collaboratingwithIHSandotherorganizationstoconducttheresearchandtrainingactivitiesofthe $ 6 NationalDiabetesPreventionCenter(NDPC).TheNDPCwasestablishedto addresstheserious % 7 diabetesepidemicinAmericanIndians. CDCsstatebaseddiabetescontrolprogramspartnerwith  N&!8 HRSAcommunityhealthcenterstoimprovethehealthstatusofpersonswithdiabeteswhoreceivecare '^"9 atthesesites.CDCalsocollaborateswithstatehealthdepartments,AmericanDiabetesAssociation, '#: JuvenileDiabetesResearchFoundation,AmericanAssociationofDiabetesEducators,andmanaged (#; careorganizationsinthecontrolofdiabetesanditscomplications.   N)$<    `     h      p  N,'@  PerformanceSummary   CDCsupportsstateandterritorialdiabetescontrolprograms(DCPs)in50states,theDistrictof x Columbia,and8territoriestoreducethecomplicationsassociatedwithdiabetes.Theprogramsinform 8 andeducatehealthprofessionalsandpersonswithdiabetesaboutthediseaseanditscomplications. H Theprogramsalsoidentifyhighriskpopulations,improvethequalityofdiabetescare,involve  communitiesincontrollingdiabetes,andincreaseaccesstodiabetescare!withmeasurablesuccess. x Forexample,overa2yearperiod,theNewYorkDCP,whichcollaborateswith14regionalcommunity 8  coalitionsand3diabetescentersofexcellence,reducedhospitalizationratesby35%anddecreased  H lowerextremityamputationsratesby39%.InMichigan,alongstandingDCPhasproduceda45%lower   rateofhospitalizations,a31%lowerrateoflowerextremityamputations,anda27%lowerdeathratefor x   participants. 8   # D#D InFY2001,CDCdocumentedthat100%ofDPCsadopted,promoted,andimplementedguidelinesfor    improvingthequalityofcareforpersonswithdiabetes.Influencingpositivechangeinthepreventive x  carepracticesundertakeninhealthsystemsisessentialtothetaskofreducingdiabetes.Inreachingthis 8  criticalgoal,CDCwillcontinueitsworkwithstatestosustainthiseffort.InFY2000,CDCdocumented H  thatwhile85%oftheDCPshadcommittedtoguidelines,theremainingprogramshadnotyetformally   adopted,promoted,and/orimplementedguidelines.ManyoftheprogramsdependontheirDiabetes x  Councils,healthprofessionsorganizationsorotherhealthcarepartnerorganizationstohelpthem 8  formallyestablishthestatesguidelinesandthatprocesswasstillunderway.ԀM H d# D#dD CDCalsoconducted8preventionresearchstudiestounderstandhowtoapplydiabetesscientific x findingsinclinicalandpublichealthpractice. Forexample,theTranslatingResearchintoActionfor 8 Diabetes(TRIAD)studyisexaminingtheinfluenceofmanagedcarestructureonprocessandoutcomes H ofdiabetescare.TRIADisimportantbecauseitisthefirstmulticenterstudyofdiabetesqualityofcare,  qualityoflifeandandfactorsaffectingthem.Ultimately,CDCwilldevelopinterventionstoovercomethe x identifiedbarriers. 8 # D#D In= ԀFY2001,BehavioralRiskFactorSurveillanceSystem(seeIIB.1h)datafrom12of16  ComprehensiveDCPsshowedthatCDChadachievedtheperformancetargetforincreasingthe x percentageofpersonwithdiabeteswhoreceiveannualfootexams.Diabetesistheleadingcauseof 8 nontraumaticlowerextremityamputations,yetoverhalfofthenearly70,000amputationsthatoccur H annuallycouldbepreventedthroughappropriatepreventivecareandtreatment.Althoughthedata   showedanincreaseineyeexams,CDCisstillstrivingtoachievethetargetforeyeexamsinpersons x! withdiabetes.# D#D ԀTheestimatescalculatedforeyeandfootexamsareonlyamongthe16comprehensive 8" states,andamongthesestates,someofthemaremissingdataeachyear.CDCusuallyhasdataon10 H# 12ofthe16stateseachyear.# D #D StatesconducttheBRFSStelephonesurveyannually,howevernotallof $ thestateschoosetoincludetheDiabetesModuleeachyear.Itispossiblethatwithall16states x % reporting,thetargetwouldbeachieved.# D` #D CDCwillencourageallstatestousetheDiabetesModule 8!& regularly.CDCwillalsocontinuetoworkwiththestateDCPstoinfluencethepreventivecarepractices !H' ofhealthsystemsandtoinformprovidersandpersonswithdiabetesabouttheimportanceofreceiving "( annualeyeexamstodiscoverandtreatdiabetesrelatedeyediseaseintheearlieststages.# D #D  x#) CDCslastperformancemeasuremonitoringthepercentageofDCPsthatachievecorecapacities $H + presentsareportingchallengebecausethelevelofachievementfortheseveralcorecapacities %!, identifiedinthemeasurevariesamongthe58DCPs.Nevertheless,reportsindicateanincreaseinFY x&!- 2000andFY2001inthisarea.Allstateshaveestablishedthenecessarycapacitiesinsurveillanceand 8'". partnershipnetworks;howeverdevelopmentofthecapacitytoestablishandsustaincommunication 'H#/ networks,toassessqualityofcare,andtoincreasepublicawarenessvariesamongtheDCPs.# D#D  ($0    `   x,'5  GoalbyGoalPresentationofPerformance      p      A_@ d@<APerformanceGoal :0 Increasethecapacityofstatediabetescontrolprogramstoaddressthe m preventionofdiabetesanditscomplicationsatthecommunitylevel. 5 (# (# @ Bv@.~1111!}@*`ded dd dd dd dd `(#(#, dd , dd ,dd ,Xdd +  />> / PerformanceMeasures A,!R  A Target A,!R  A ActualPerformance A,!R  A Ref. 8#!R   8Increasethepercentageof    diabetescontrolprogramsthat n   adopt,promote,and . ~  implementguidelinesfor  >  improvingthequalityofcare   forpersonswithdiabetes. n   $  $ FY03: 100%    FY02: 100%  v  FY01: 100% >   FY00: 100%  V       FY03: 12/2003    FY02: 12/2002 v   FY01: 100% >   FY00: 󀀀85%  V  FY99: 󀀀70%     FY98: 󀀀60%     9GHIJKLM(zx3Page   # D#D 96# D#D  n  "93"  92z33   . ~  0 @4!   # D]#D 93݌̌  # D<#D    & Conductstudiesontranslating R ' researchfindingsintoclinical ( andpublichealthpractice, ) andpublishresultsinpeer B* reviewedjournals. $R+ $ FY03: 8studies  R , FY02: 8studies -  FY01: 8studies .  FY00: 7studies Z/  FY99: 5studies  "r0  FY03: 10/2003 R 1  FY02: 10/2002  2 FY01: Achieved  3 FY00: Achieved Z4  FY99: 4studies  "r5  9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLMPage R 6 # D#D 96# DJ#D  7 "93"  92z33   8 0 @4!   93݌̌  # D#D   R: Forstatesreceiving ~; comprehensiveCDCfunding >< fordiabetescontrolprograms N= (DCPs),increasethe > percentageofpersonswith ~? diabeteswhoreceiveannual >@ eyeandfootexams. $NA $ FY03: Eye/72%;foot/62% ~B Ѐ(Increasebaselineby FC Ѐ10%) # D #D  VD FY02:0  Eye/72%;foot/62% E (Increasebaselineby F 10%) VG FY01:0  Eye/72%;foot/62%nH 0  (Increasebaselineby 6I 10%)J  FY00:0  Eye/72%;foot/62%fK 0  (Increasebaselineby .~L 10%)>M   .!~P  FY03: 10/2004  ~Q FY02: 10/2003 FR  FY01 :10/2002 nW  FY00: Ԁg%Eye/69.0%; fZ Foot/62.4% .~[  FY99: Eye/67.3%; ~ ^ foot/57.8% F!_  FY98: Eye/64.7%; "V` foot/56.5% "a  FY97: Eye/65.6%; #b foot/56.6% V$c  FY96: Eye/61.7%; %f d foot/52.4%(baseline)  %.!e Page ~f # D"#D 96# D?'#D  >g "93"  9'2z33   Nh 0 @4!   93''݌̌  # D'#D   #Nx Increasethepercentageof 2'"y DCPswithcorecapacityinall 'B#z keyareas(e.g.,surveillance, (${ partnerships,communication r)$| networks,assessmentof 2*%} qualityofcare,public *B&~ awareness). $+' $ FY03: 100%  2'" FY02: 100%. 'J#  FY01: 100% ($  FY00: Atleast85% )$  FY99: Atleast75%  R*%  FY03: 12/2003  2'" FY02: 12/2002 'J#  FY01: 80%100% ($  FY00: 75%100% )$  FY99: 69%100% R*%  FY94: 36%  +j& ! ! 9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLMPage 2'" # D(#D 96# D,#D  'B# "93"  9@-2z33   ($ 0 @4!   93@-m-݌̌  # D -#D  # D.#D  *B&   ,'  Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures :CDCverifiesperformancethroughquarterlystate  reportsandperiodicsitevisits.ForeffortsinAmericanIndian/AlaskanNativepopulations,dataare x verifiedviaprogramreportsanddocumentationofsupport.TheBRFSScollectsdataonreceiptof 8 annualeyeandfootexamsinpersonswithdiabetes(AppendixB).     H   &%DIIB.1fArthritis#D%&0#  8  ArthritisaffectsnearlyoneofeverysixAmericans!anestimated43millionpersons!makingitoneof  ( themostcommondiseasesintheUnitedStates.Thenationsleadingcauseofdisability,arthritislimits    dailyactivitiesformorethan7millionpeople.By2020,anestimated60millionpersonswillbeaffected X   andmorethan11millionpersonswillhave somedisability becauseofarthritis.AlthoughallAmericans  h  areatrisk,theprevalenceofarthritisrisesdramaticallywithageandishigheramongwomenthanmen.  (  Thecostofarthritistreatmentandlostproductivitybecauseofarthritisrelateddisabilityarethe   enormouscosts!totalingalmost$65billion. X  CDCworkswithpartnerstoimplementtheNationalArthritisActionPlan:APublicHealthStrategy (  (NAAP).ThegoalofCDCsarthritisprogram,consistentwithNAAP,istoimprovethequalityoflifeof   personsaffectedbyarthritisbydecreasingpainanddisabilityandimprovingphysical,psychosocial,and \  workfunctions.Themultifacetedapproachfortranslatingresearchfindingsintopublichealthpractice l emphasizes:1)supporttostatestodevelop/enhancepublichealthprogramsthataddressarthritis,2) , activitiestomonitortheburdenandimpactofarthritis,3)activitiestoincreasepublicawarenessand  appropriateselfmanagement,and4)effortstoimprovethequalityofcare. CDChasbeensuccessfulin \ helpingstatesmonitortheburdenofarthritisanditsimpactintheirpopulationsusingtheBRFSS.42Ԁ)8 l  LinkstoDHHSStrategicPlan   ArthritisperformanceobjectivesrelatetoDHHSGoal4:Improvethequalityofhealthcareandhuman d services,andspecificallyObjective4.1:Enhancetheappropriateuseofeffectivehealthservices.They (x alsorelatetoGoal5:ImprovetheNationspublichealthsystems. <   Partnerships  p CDCcollaborateswiththeArthritisFoundationtoincreaseawarenessofarthritisanditsimpactandto 8 increasetheavailabilityofselfmanagementeducationandphysicalactivityprogramsforpersonswith H  arthritis.CDCalsoworkswithstatehealthdepartments,theAssociationofStateandTerritorialDirectors ! forHealthPromotionandPublicHealthEducation,andtheAssociationofStateandTerritorialChronic x" DiseaseProgramDirectors. 8#  PerformanceSummary   % InFY2001 ,21  stateswerefundedattheenhancedestablishmentlevel($120,000) tofurtherdevelop !& basicpublichealthcomponents(staff,partnerships,monitoring,planning)toaddressarthritisandto @"' implementonepilotproject.Eightstatescontinuedwithcorelevelfunding(averageaward,$300,000)to #P( enhancemonitoringactivitiesandpartnerships,educatethepublic,anddevelopandimplementpilot #) programstodecreasetheimpactofarthritisinselectpopulations.Nostatesarefundedatthe $* comprehensiveleveltoimplementstatewideactivities. InFY2001,allarthritisstateprograms @% + conductedarthritissurveillanceusingtheBehavioralRiskfactorSurveillanceSystem(BRFSS);16states &P!, hadtheresourcestomonitorhealthrelatedqualityoflifeusingtheBRFSS.  &"-    `   ,H(5 ЇGoalbyGoalPresentationofPerformance    A_@ d@8APerformanceGoal: 0 Increasethecapacityofstatearthritisprogramstoaddresstheprevention i ofarthritisanditscomplicationsatthecommunitylevel. 1 (# (# @`t޾@*z1111!@@*`dd dd dd dd Xdd X`(#(#, dd , dd ,dd ,Xdd +  &:: & PerformanceMeasure /N  / Target /N  / ActualPerformance /N  / Ref. /N   /Enhancestatebasedarthritis    surveillancebyincreasingthe j   numberofstatesusingBRFSS * z  modulesonarthritisandquality  :  oflife. $  $ FY03: 50 states    FY02: 28states  r  FY01: 35states  :        FY03: 1/2003    FY02: 1/2002  r  FY01: 0  50/arthritis; :  15/qualityoflife R l l   FY00: 0  36/arthritis;    19/qualityoflife   l l  FY99 :0  8 J  l l  Page   # DY.#D 96# DG#D   j  Increasethenumberofstates   addressingarthritisatthecore f  level. $&v  $ FY03: 8states    FY02: 8states. n !  FY01: 8states 6 "   N#  FY03: 10/2003   $ FY02: 10/2002 n %  FY01 :Achieved 6 &  FY00: 8  N' Page  ( # DH#D 96# DaJ#D  f )   Validation/VerificationofPerformanceMeasures :CDCwillconfirmdataviaannualreports,sitevisits, * andaninventoryofBRFSSquestionsusedbythestates. ~+  &%DIIB.1gNationalProgramofCancerRegistries#D%&K#  . CanceristhesecondleadingcauseofdeathamongAmericans.In2002,anestimated555,500 ^0 Americanswilldieofcancer,andapproximately1.3millionnewcasesofcancerwillbediagnosed.The n1 UnitedStatesspendsanestimated$156.7billionannuallyoncancercare,includinghealthcare .2 expendituresandlostproductivityfromillnessanddeath.CDCsNationalProgramofCancerRegistries 3 (NPCR)isafundamentalcomponentofCDCsstatebasedcancercontrolstrategy.CDCsupports ^4 registrydevelopment/enhancementin45states,theDistrictofColumbia,and3territories,representing n5 96%oftheU.S.population.CDCalsoprovidestrainingindatacollection,analysis,interpretation,and .6 qualityassuranceforcompleteness,timeliness,andquality. 7 Cancerregistrieshelpstatesreportoncancertrends,assessprogramimpact,identifycancerclusters,  n9 andrespondtopublicinquiriesandreportsofsuspectedincreasedcanceroccurrence.In1991,35%of  .: Kentuckywomendiagnosedwithbreastcancerhadadvanced(latestage)disease,forwhichthesurvival !; rateislow.Registrydatawereusedtoidentifyareaswithhighratesoflatestageandlowratesofearly ^"< stagebreastcancer.In1994,KentuckyreceivedCDCfundingtoenhanceregistryandbreastand #n= cervicalcanceractivities,enablingthestatetoexpandmammographyoutreachactivitiesinthese #.> communities.By1996,thepercentageofKentuckywomendiagnosedwithlatestagebreastcancerhad $? declinedto30percent.Inadditiontothelivespotentiallysavedbyearlydetectionofthesecancers, ^% @ Kentuckyestimatesthatitsavedabout$4.7millionintreatmentexpenditures. &n!A Tomaximizethebenefitsofstatebasedcancerregistries,CDC implementedtheNPCRCancer '"C SurveillanceSystemforreceiving,assessing,enhancing,aggregating,anddisseminatingdatafrom ^(#D NPCRprograms.Thissystemofcancerstatistics hasprovidedvaluablefeedbacktohelpstateregistries )n$E improvethequalityandusefulnessoftheirdata.Bysummarizingregionalandnationalleveldata, ).%F NPCRwillfacilitatethestudyofrarecancers,cancerinchildrenandracialandethnicminority *%G populations,andoccupationrelatedcancer. ^+&H    `     h      ,.(J NPCRhasmadeitpossibleforthevastmajorityofstatestocollectastandardsetofdataelementson  allcancercasesforeachyear.Collectionofcompletedataiscriticaltotheprogram.ExpectedNPCR p outcomes!i.e.,theabilitytomonitortrendsincancerbysiteofthecancer,ageandethnicityofthe 0 patient,geographicregion,andtreatmentresult.Theproposedperformancemeasureisthereforethe @ mostcriticaltotheeventualsuccessandusefulnessoftheprogram.   LinkstoDHHSStrategicPlan  0  CancerregistryobjectivesrelatetoDHHSObjective5.1:Improvethecapacityofthepublichealth  H systemtoidentifyandrespondtothreatstothehealthofthenationspopulations.    Partnerships  @   CDCworkswiththeAmericanCancerSociety,AmericanCollegeofSurgeons,NorthAmerican  X  AssociationofCentralCancerRegistries(NAACCR),andNationalCancerRegistrarsAssociation.These    groupshaveformedaconsortium,theNationalCoordinatingCouncilforCancerSurveillance,that   encouragesandfacilitatesvoluntaryreportingofcancercasesfromfederallysupportedfacilitiestostate H  registries.CDChelpsstatesandorganizationsusecancersurveillancedatatodescribediseaseburden, X  evaluatecancercontrolactivities,andidentifypopulationsathighriskforcertaincancers.      `  PerformanceSummary  H  CDCsupports45stateregistryprogramsandtheDistrictofColumbia:44forenhancementof ` establishedcentralregistriesand2forplanningandimplementationofregistries.AccordingtoFY2000   data(forcancercasesdiagnosedin1998),casecountsfrom70%ofCDCfundedstateswereatleast  95%completewithin24monthsofthecloseofthediagnosisyear.Basedonanevaluationofregistry P systemsanddata,CDCreassessedtheprogramsgoalsandobjectives,extendedthetimeallowedfor ` statestoachieve95%completeness(from12to24months),andincreasedtargetlevels.Program   standardsforthesecond5yearprojectperiodstipulatethatdatainastatecentralcancerregistryshould  be95%completewithin24monthsofthecloseofadiagnosisyear.# DJ#D  P  GoalbyGoalPresentationofPerformance  (  A_@ d@APerformanceGoal:0 Improvethequalityofstatebasedcancerregistries. ! (# (# @ Bv@1111!b@*`edd dd dd dd Xdd X`(#(#, dd ,dd ,dd ,dd +  / / PerformanceMeasure A,!.~ A Targets A,!.~  A ActualPerformance A,!.~! A Ref. 8#!.~" 8Increasethepercentageofstates # fundedbyCDCsNPCRthat J$ report atleast95%of  Z% unduplicated,expectedcasesof & reportablecancerinstate  ' residentsinadiagnosisyear. $J!( $ FY03: 85%  ) FY02: 80%. R*  FY01: 75% j+  FY00: 60% 2,  FY99: 30%  -   2"/  FY03: June2004  0 FY02: June2003 R1  FY01 :June2002 j2  FY00: 70% 23  FY99: Exceeded/60%  4  FY98: 29% r!5  FY97: 17%  :"6 Page 7 # Da#D 96# Di#D  J8   Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures :Participatingstatesareexpectedtocollect #B9 informationonatleast95%ofcancercasesdiagnosedortreatedintheirstateeachyear. NPCRfunded $ : statesarerequiredtoincorporateNAACCRstandardsfordataqualityandformat.CDCreceivesan z% ; annualadministrativesummaryfromeachNPCRprogram,aswellas reportsthreetimesperyearon :&!< progresstowardgoalsofcompleteness,timeliness,andqualityofregistrydata.NPCRstaffalsoprepare &J"= annualinternalevaluationsofprogramprogress.StatecancerregistriesdonotreportrawdatatoCDC, ' #> andCDCaggregatesdeidentifiedNPCRdata. z(#? Variationsinstatescapacities(planningorenhancementstatus)andinitialfundingyearresultin )J%A differencesacrossreferenceyearsusedforcalculatingregistrydatacompleteness.NAACCRhas * &B establishedaprocessbywhichstatescanapplyforcertificationtoensurethatmemberregistriesare z+&C collectingusefulandhigh-qualitydata.Memberregistriesareevaluatedyearlyandprovidedconfidential :,'D feedback.DataforFY2001willbeavailableinJune2002forreporting. ,J(E Ї # DFi#D &%DIIB.1hHIVPreventionamongSchoolAgedYouth#D%&Eo#  PerformanceSummary  X CDCfunds56stateandterritorialeducationagencies,18localeducationagencies,and41nationalnon  p governmentalorganizationstoimplementHIVpreventioneducationprogramsinschools.Performance 0 measuresforthisaspectofCDCsHIV/AIDSpreventionprogrammonitorstudents'exposureto  HIV/AIDSpreventioneducationinschoolsandyouthbehaviorsthataffecttheirriskofbecomingHIV `  infected.   p InFY1999,CDCreacheditsperformancetargetsforschoolhealth.Thedatafromthe1999YRBSS    demonstratethat91%ofhighschoolstudentshavebeentaughtHIV/AIDSpreventioninschool.The `   targetmeasure(achieveandmaintainthepercentageat90%orgreater)indicatesasignificantincrease  p  since1991(83%)Continuedincreaseswillberelativelysmallatthispointintheepidemicbecausethe  0  remainingschoolsareunlikelytobeconvincedoftheimportanceofprovidingHIV/AIDSprevention   education.Thismeasurewillremainbecauseitishighlyrelevantandimportanttopreventionefforts.# D&o#D   `   InFY2000,CDCdecidedtoreplacetwopreviousHIVperformancemeasures(i.e.,neverhaving 0  intercourseandusingcondomsifsexuallyactive)withtheasinglemeasure,theleadinghealthindicator   onresponsiblesexualbehaviorfromHP2010:"Increasetheproportionofadolescentswhoabstainfrom `  sexualintercourseorusecondomsifsexuallyactive."Thismeasureisconsistentwithlanguagein# Dt# D the  p draftCDCHIVPreventionPlan,whichstatesthat ournationseffortsshouldincreasetheproportionof 0 adolescentswhoconsistentlyengageinbehaviorsthatreduceriskofHIVacquisitionortransmission.#  Dw#D Ԁ  The1999YRBSSdataindicatethattheproportionofadolescents(grades912)whoabstainedfrom ` sexualintercourseorusedcondomsifcurrentlysexuallyactivewas85%.Becausethismeasurewas  p recentlydevelopedandadoptedforuse(May2000),aFY1999targetwasneverestablished.  0    Toaddresstheissueofhealthdisparitiesamongethnicgroups,twoadditionalmeasureswereaddedto ` addressblack/AfricanAmericanandHispanic/Latinopopulations.Surveillancesummariesdemonstrate  p thatthesetwogroupsaredisproportionatelyaffectedbyHIV/AIDSandconsequentlywarrantspecial 0 attention.Byincludingthesetwonewmeasures,CDCacknowledgestheimportanceoftheHP2010  goaltoeliminatehealthdisparities.Inaddition,theinclusionofthemeasurescomplementsCDC's ` RacialandEthnicApproachestoCommunityHealth(Reach2010)DemonstrationProgram.   p  DatatoreportonperformancemeasuresforthispartofCDCsFY2001GPRAAnnualPerformance ! Reportwillbeavailableinsummerof2002whenthe2001YRBSSdataareexpectedtobereleased.An h" analysisofwhetherornotactualperformanceresultsmettheperformancegoalswillbeprovidedatthat (x# time.Inaddition,targetsforFY2003willbereevaluatedbasedonactualperformanceforFY2001.# D_x#D   8$ A_@ d@p!AOYPerformanceGoal:0 ReducethepercentageofHIV/AIDSrelatedriskbehaviorsamongschool !& agedyouththroughdisseminationofHIVpreventioneducationprograms.i"' (# (# @9@b#1111!~@ *`eded dd dd dd dd `(#(#,s dd ,x dd ,~dd ,dd +  /"$r)"$r / PerformanceMeasure A,!$* A Target A,!$+ A ActualPerformance A,!$, A Ref. 8#!$- 8Achieveandmaintainthe %2!. percentageofhighschool &!/ studentswhoaretaughtabout b'"0 HIV/AIDSpreventioninschoolat "(r#1 90%orgreater. $(2$2 $ FY03: 90%ormore  %2!3 FY01: 90%ormore &!4  FY99: 90%ormore  r'"5  FY03: 7/2004  %2!6 FY01: 7/2002 &!7  FY99: Achieved/91% r'"8  FY97: 92% :(#9  FY95: 86% )R$:    ,Z'> # D~#D Page %2!? # D#D 96# D߅#D  ) &!@ )OY    PerformanceMeasure A,!d A Target A,!d A ActualPerformance A,!d A Ref. 8#!d 8Increasetheproportionof p adolescents(grades912)who 0 abstainfromsexualintercourse @ orusecondomsifcurrently  sexuallyactive. $p   $ FY03 :89% p   FY01: 89% 8       FY03 :7/2004 p  FY01 :7/2002 8  FY99 :85% P  FY97 :85%   FY95: 83%(YRBSS)    # D##D Page p # DR#D 96# D#D   0 Increasetheproportionofblack  < orAfricanAmericanadolescents   (grades912)whoabstainfrom l  sexualintercourseoruse , | condomsifcurrentlysexually  <  active. $  $ FY03: 87%  <  FY01: 87%     <   FY03: 7/2004  <  FY01: 7/2002     FY99 :83% | !  FY97: 80% D "  FY95: 82%(YRBSS)   \ # # D#D Page  <$ # D#d(D 96# D#D    % Increasetheproportionof P & HispanicorLatinoadolescents  ' (grades912)whoabstainfrom  ( sexualintercourseoruse @ ) condomsifsexuallyactive. $P* $ FY03: 88% P +  FY01: 88%  ,   P .  FY03: 7/2004  P / FY01: 7/2002  0  FY99 :84%  1  FY97: 82% X 2  FY95: 77%(YRBSS)   p3 # D`#D Page P 4 # D #D 96# Dd#D   5   6   Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures :# D#D Dataarecollectedonabiennialbasis(during (7 odd-numberedyears)throughCDCsYRBSS,asystemdesignedtofocusattentiononprioritybehaviors 8 amongyouththatareassociatedwiththemostimportanthealthproblems(seeAppendixB).The `9 YRBSSwasdevelopedinpartnershipwithfederalagencies,statedepartmentsofeducation,scientific  p: experts,andsurveyresearchspecialists.TheYRBSSincludesseparatenational,state,andlocal 0; school-basedsurveysofhighschoolstudents.Arecentstudyprovidesevidencethatthisadolescent < surveyhasgoodreliabilityinmeasuringhealthbehavior.Baselinedatafromthe1995YRBSSareused `= because:1)theywerethemostrecentdata# DW#D availablewhentheoriginalmeasureswerecreated,and2)  p> theywillallowamoreaccurateillustrationoftrendsinsexualbehaviorsovertime.# Dו#D  0?  &%DProvidingCredibleInformationtoEnhanceHealthDecisions   pB  IIB.1iMonitoringRiskBehaviors(BehavioralRiskFactorSurveillanceSystem#D%&#   D ̚TheBehavioralRiskFactorSurveillanceSystem(BRFSS)isaunique,statebasedtelephonesurvey p F throughwhichstatesroutinelycollectinformationonbehavioralriskfactorsanddemographics.Activein 0!G all50states,theBRFSScontinuestobetheprimarysourceofinformation(formanystatesitistheonly !@H source)onriskbehaviorsthatcontributetotheleadingcausesofdeathamongU.S.adults.Foralmost "I 20years,theBRFSShasservedasthebackboneofsurveillanceforchronicdiseasepreventionand p#J healthpromotion.CDCprovidesfunding,consultswithstatestaff,editsandprocessesthedatafrom 0$K eachstatesmonthlyinterviews,andreturnsprevalenceinformationandreportstostatesfortheiruse. $@ L Nationwide,theBRFSSconductsabout200,000interviewsperyear. %!M StatesuseBRFSSdatatomakeprogramdecisions,targetresources,monitorandevaluateprogram 0'"O performance,educatethepublic,andalertpublicofficialstohealthrisksanddiseaseprevalence.More '@#P than60%ofstatesuseBRFSSdatatosethealthobjectives,prepareplanningdocuments,anddesign ($Q diseasepreventionprograms.NearlytwothirdsofstatesuseBRFSSdatatosupportlegislativeefforts p)$R (e.g.,tobaccorelatedlegislation).AlthoughtheBRFSSwasdesignedtoproducestatelevelestimates, 0*%S datahavebeenusedinresearchstudiesandcombinedacrossstates,forexample,toestimatethe *@&T extentofalcoholandtobaccouseamongpregnantwomen.AlabamausedBRFSSdatatosupport +'U legislationrestrictingindoorsmokingandmandatingseatbeltuse;Marylanddeterminedpriorities_for p,'V HealthyMaryland2010;andMichigandeveloped,implemented,andevaluatedprogramstoreducethe  riskof_CVD_.AfterthebombexplosioninOklahomaCity,healthdepartmentstaffanalyzedquestionson p stress,nightmares,andfeelingsofhopelessnesstobetteraddressthepsychologicalimpactofthe 0 disaster.InArkansas,_BRFSS_Ԁdataassessingthecorrelationbetweenphysicalactivityandhypertension @ amongblackwomenhavebeenusedtotargetspecialinterventionandeducationprograms.     Linkto_DHHS_ԀStrategicPlan  0  _BRFSS_Ԁobjectivesrelatedto_DHHS_ԀObjective5.1:Improvethecapacityofthepublichealthsystemsto  H identifyandrespondtothreatstothehealthofthenationspopulation.    PerformanceSummary   P  Meaningfulestimatesfrom_BRFSS_Ԁdatadependonanadequatesamplesizeofrespondents.Atpresent,    samplesizesinstatesrangefromapproximately1,700toapproximately7,500.Asamplesizeof4,000   completedinterviewsperstateperyearisadequatetomeasureprogresstowardsstategoalsandHP H  2010objectivesandtomonitorprevalenceamongcertainpopulationgroupsintermsofrace,ethnicity, X  andage.Asamplesizeof4,000willpermitbetteridentificationofgeographicanddemographic   variationsinhealthriskbehaviorsthatprogramscanusetotargetinterventions.InFY2000,18states   hadasamplesizeofatleast4,000completedinterviews;18statesareprojectedtoachieve4,000 H  betweenFY2001andFY2002. X   GoalbyGoalPresentationofPerformance    A_@ d@hAPerformanceGoal:0 Helpstatesmonitortheprevalenceofmajorbehavioralrisksassociated I withprematuremorbidityandmortalityinadultstoimprovetheplanning, a implementation,andevaluationofhealthpromotionanddisease ) preventionprograms.  (# (# @^C@1111!ʧ@*`ededs dd s x dd x ~dd ~dd `(#(#, dd , dd ,dd ,dd +  / / PerformanceMeasure A,!N A Target A,!N A ActualPerformance A,!N A Ref. A,!N AIncreasethenumberofstates Z  participatinginthe_BRFSS_Ԁthat j! complete4,000telephone *" interviewsperyear. 6,!# 6 FY03: 18states  Z$ FY02 :18states "r%  FY01: 18states :&  'r( ' FY03: 4/2004  Z) FY02: 4/2003  "r* FY01: 4/2002  :+ FY00 :18 ,  FY99 :9 'z- 'Page Z. # D#D 96# D#D "j/  " Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures :CDCwillobtaindatafromgranteeprogressreports. 2 0 # D=#D   ! 2  # D'#D vYa>.*lx  `E{eeI v (#(#    (#(# # D#D TotalProgramFunding(Dollarsinthousands&%D) #D%&#   FY2003: 0 ` $134,9660` (#` (#0h(#(#(Estimate)p h(#h(#  FY2002 :0 ` $134,9670` (#` (#0h(#(#(CurrentEstimate)8 h(#h(#  FY2001: 0 ` $135,0290` (#` (#0h(#(#(Actual)# Dձ#D  Ph(#h(#  Mandate     ThePreventiveHealthandHealthServices(_PHHS_)BlockGrantprovidesfundingtostatehealth P   departmentstoimplementpreventivehealthservicesthatreduceillness,prematuredeathsand `  disabilitiestoimprovethequalityoflifefortheircitizens.    Problem  P  Congressrecognizesthatstatehealthdepartmentsdonothaveadequatefundingtocombatallleading h  causesofillness,death,disability,andinjuryandthatstatesneedasourceofflexiblefundingtoconfront (  statespecificpriorityhealthproblemsandunexpectedhealththreats.    Strategies,Activities,andResources  h Throughthe_PHHS_ԀBlockGrant,CDCfundsall50states,theDistrictofColumbia,8PacificIsland 0 territories,# D#D Ԁand2NativeAmericanIndiantribestosupportthemincombatingtheirleadingcausesof  deathanddisability.TheBlockGrantistheprimarysourceofflexiblefundingwhichprovidesstatesthe ` latitudetochooseandfund265ofthenationalhealthobjectivesavailableintheNationsHealthyPeople  p 2010healthimprovementplan.StatesuseBlockGrantdollarstofundavarietyofprogramactivities 0 includingclinicalservices,preventivescreening,laboratorysupport,outbreakcontrol,workforcetraining,  publiceducation,datasurveillance,andprogramevaluationtargetingsuchhealthproblemsas ` cardiovasculardisease,cancer,diabetes,emergencymedicalservices,injuryandviolenceprevention,  p infectiousdisease,environmentalhealth,communityfluoridation,andsexoffenses.Becauseofthe 0 varianceintheallowableusesofthefunds,notwostatesallocatetheirBlockGrantresourcesinthe  sameway,andnotwostatesprovidesimilaramountsoffundingtothesameprogramoractivities.# D+#D  ` Infiscalyear2001,thetenleadingprogramsandthenumberofstateschoosingtofundthemwiththeir 0! _PHHS_Ԁblockgrantdollarswere: " Program0 ` 0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#NumberofStates p$h(#h(# Cardiovascularhealth0 0 (# (#0h(#(#45 0%h(#h(# Communitybasedhealtheducation0 h 38!&h(#h(# Datasurveillance0 0 (# (#0h(#(#36# D#D `"'h(#h(# UnintentionalInjuries0 0 (# (#0h(#(#33# Dƿ#D  #p(h(#h(# Cancer0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#22# Dt#D #0)h(#h(# EmergencyMedicalServices0  0h(#(#21# D@#D $*h(#h(# EnvironmentalHealth0 0 (# (#0h(#(#20# D#D `% +h(#h(# Tuberculosis0 ` 0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#16# D#D  &p!,h(#h(# FoodandDrugSafety0 0 (# (#0h(#(#12# DB#D &0"-h(#h(# Clinicalpreventiveservices0  0h(#(#10'".h(#h(# @* ,0(5 Statesinvesttheir_PHHS_Ԁblockgrantdollarsinavarietyofpublichealthareas._PHHS_Ԁblockgrantdollars  areusedtosupportexistingprograms,implementnewprograms,andrespondtounexpected p emergencies.InFY2001,the_PHHS_Ԁblockgrantcontributedtosuchactivitiesasbloodleadtestingfor 0 uninsuredchildren,skincancerpreventionkitstochildcarecenters,laboratoryanalysisandrapidtesting @ forfoodanddrinkingwatercontamination,aphysicalactivityprogramfor150innercitychildren,  installationof4,500smokealarmsinhighriskresidences,activationofanewlawforchildrestraint p protection,activationofanewlawforbicyclesafetyhelmets,developmentandanalysisofhealthneeds 0  assessmentsfornumerouslocalandcountyhealthdepartments,trainingofemergencymedicalservice  @ providers,initialdevelopmentofcancerandtraumaregistriesinstatehealthdepartments,law   enforcementactivitiesforprohibitionoftobaccosalestominors,_screenings_Ԁfordiabetes,cholesterol, p   andhypertensiontounderservedanduninsuredpopulations;fluoridationoflocalcommunitywater 0   systems,andnurseoutreachprogramsforruralcounties.  @  StatesoftenusetheflexibilityoftheBlockGranttoestablishprogramswhennootherfederalfundingis p  available.# D#D Forexample,theBlockGrantiscurrentlythesolesourceoffundingforthePromoting 0  LifetimeActivityforYouth(PLAY)programinArizona.Becausephysicaleducationisnotlegally @  mandatedinArizona,PLAYistheonlyorganizedphysicalactivityinmanyschools.Approximately   1,000teachersand28,000studentsinhighrisk,ruralcommunitiesparticipateintheprogram.Using p  classroomdiscussionsonhealthylivingaswellasstructuredandunstructuredphysicalactivity,PLAY 0  encourageschildrentoformhabitsthatwillhelpreducetheirriskforchronicdiseases. @ CDCcontinuestohelpstatesobtaintheoptimumbenefitfromthesescarceflexibledollarsthrough p technicalassistance,anannualtrainingworkshop,anddevelopmentofanelectronicgrantapplication 0 andreportingsystem.In2001,majormodificationsweremadetotheBlockGrantselectronicgrant @ applicationandreportingsystem(_GARS_).ThemodificationsweremadetolinkallBlockGrantfunded  activitieswiththeHealthyPeople2010goalsandobjectives.Priorto2001,theBlockGrantfunded p activitieswerelinkedtotheHealthyPeople2000goalsandobjectives.Thegoalofthenew_GARS_ 0 designistoprovideStatestheabilitytousetheapplicationsystemforbothprioritysettingandprogram @ planning.Thenewvoluntaryevaluationcomponentincludesdetailedreportingonprogramactivities  fundedwithblockgrantdollarsandtheirimpactonthehealthproblem. p Beginningin2003,theuniformdatasetslinkedtoHealthyPeople2000goalsandobjectiveswillbe @ discontinued.TheCDCplanstoestablishaBlockGrantwebsitewhichwillenablethestatestodirectly   accessthevariousonlinedataresourcesnowavailabletotracktheHealthyPeople2010goalsand p! objectives.CDCfeelsthisefficientanddirectdatatrackingcapabilitywillbelessburdensometothe 0" statesandprovidethemwithmoreuptodateandreliabledata. @#  Linksto_DHHS_ԀStrategicPlan  p % Thisactivityrelatesto_DHHS_ԀGoal1:Reducemajorthreatstothehealthandproductivityofall 8!& Americans;Goal2:Improvetheeconomicandsocialwellbeingofindividuals,families,andcommunities !L' intheUnitedStates,specificallyObjective2.4:Improvethesafetyandsecurityofchildrenandyouth; "( Goal3:Improveaccesstoheathservicesandensuretheintegrityofthenationshealthentitlementand #) safetynetprograms,specificallyObjectives3.6:ImprovethehealthstatusofAmericanIndiansand H$* AlaskanNatives,3.7:Increasetheavailabilityandeffectivenessofservicesforthetreatmentand  %\ + managementofHIV/AIDS,and3.8:Increasetheavailabilityandeffectivenessofmentalhealthcare % !, services;andGoal5:Improvethenationspublichealthsystems,specificallyObjectives5.1:Improvethe &!- capacityofthepublichealthsystemtoidentifyandrespondtothreatstothehealthofthenations X'". population,and5.2:Improvethesafetyoffood,drugs,medicaldevices,andbiologicalproducts.# Do#D  (h#/ BecausethegoalsandobjectivescoincidewithHP2000/HP2010objectives,granteesmaychooseto )$1 fundprogramsaddressinganyoftheseareas.# D#D  \*%2    `     h  ,'5 Ї PresentationofPerformance   &%D ProtectingHealthandPromotingPartnerships #D%&B# 8  PerformanceSummary    TheGeneralAccountingOffice(GAO)andothershaveaddressedtheissueofmeasuringBlockGrant  performance.GAOsinquirywasbasedontheirexaminationofthefeasibilityandappropriatenessof X  applying_GPRA_Ԁrequirementstoblockgrantsacrossthegovernment.CDCanditspartnershaveworked  h foryearstodevelopameansofaccountabilityundertheBlockGrant.CDChasconsideredtheuseof  ( severalgeneralindicators,includinglifeexpectancy,yearsofpotentiallifelost,prematuremortality,and    disabilityadjustedlifeyears.CDChasalsolookedatspecificprogramindicatorsforprogramsthatare X   mostcommonlyfundedbystates.Statesvarywidelyintheprogramstheysupportandthefunding  h  allottedtoeachprogram.Nosingleindicatororgroupofindicatorscanappropriatelycapturethe  (  activitiesofthegrantees.   From19942001,CDCandStateswereresponsibleforreportingonacompleterangeofprogramdata h  theuniformdatasetforeveryprogramsupportedwithBlockGrantfunds.Thedataset(which (  correspondeddirectlytoprograms)includedoutcome,riskfactor,andservicedeliverydataitemsbased   on116healthstatusoutcomeobjectivesfromHP2000.The116objectivesconstitutedatotalof8,432 X  dataitems.Themeasure!toincreasetheproportionofdatareportedtoCDCannually!reflectedthe h agencyseffortstobettercaptureeachstatesaccomplishmentsattributabletoBlockGrantfunds,while ( atthesametimeaddressingaccountability.  InFY2001,thereleaseoftheHealthyPeople2010's467healthobjectivesandtheavailabilityofinternet h datacapabilities,requiredthereassessmentoftheuniformdatasetsmodel.Inconjunctionwithstate ( healthdepartments,theagencydevelopedastandardizedapplicationandreportformatthatallowsfora  moredetaileddescriptionoftherolethattheblockgrantdollarsplaywithinthevariousprogram X strategiesstatesemploytocombattheirhealthproblems.Tomaintaintheabilitytomeasuresuccess h usingdatatoevaluateoutcomes,theblockgrantprogramplanstoconstructawebpagethatwillgivethe ( statesdirectonlinedataavailablefromthevariousfederalsources.  InFY2001,statesreported73%ofthedatarequiredfromprogramsfundedbytheBlockGrant,thusnot h meetingthegoalof85%.Thereasonfornotmeetingthegoalwasattributabletotheinabilitytocollect (  dataitemsestablishedin1995whichhadbeenchangedand/orwerenolongercollectedbyfederaldata ! sources.InFY2002,statesarerequiredtosubmitannualreportsreflectingprogressonactivities. X" UniformdatasetswillnotberequiredduetothetransitionintotheHealthyPeople2010format. h# InFY2003,twonewmeasureswillbeaddressed.Thegoalofthenewmeasuresaretocapturemore  % programspecificinformationontheimpactofhowandwhere_PHHS_Ԁblockgrantdollarsarebeing X!& investedbythestates. "h'  ,'5 _ GoalbyGoalPresentationofPerformance    A_@ d@8AӀPerformanceGoal:0 Supporthighprioritystateandlocaldiseasepreventionandhealth i promotionprograms. 1 " " @-v@*z1111! @*`ded dd dd dd dd `"", dd , dd , dd ,[dd +  /*z*z / PerformanceMeasure A,! A Target A,! A ActualPerformance A,! A Ref. 8#!" 8Increasethenumberof  :  granteeswhosubmitaspart    oftheirannualreport1health j   outcomeimpactsuccess * z  story.  :  Increasethenumberof j  granteeswhosubmitbothan *z  annualapplicationandannual :  reportusingthestandardized   electronicgrantapplication j  andreportingsystem(GARS). *z  Atleast85%oftotalrequired  datafromallprogramsfunded j bythePreventiveHealthand *z HealthServicesBlockgrant : willbereportedtoCDC  annually. $j $ FY03: 30grantees   : FY02: 25grantees    FY04 :53grantees z "  FY03: 50grantees B #  FY02 :45grantees  Z $  FY01 :Atleast85% *  FY00 :Atleast85% Z+  FY99 :Atleast80%  "r,  FY03:3/2004  :- FY02:3/2003  . FY04:3/2005  3 FY03:3/2004 b 4 FY02:3/2003  *z 5  FY01 :3/2002 ;  FY00: 73%  z<  FY99: 82% B=  FY98: 82%  Z>  FY97: 77%  "? Page  :@ 195  A Page j F 195# D}#D  *z G Page :L 195# D #D Ԁ M 3 jN   Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures :Toverifyandvalidateperformance,CDCwill JP collectonFebruary1ofeachfiscalyearannualprogressandimpactreportsfromeachfundedprogram bQ forthepriorfiscalyearsperformance.  "R # D#D  vYa>.*lx `Eee v ""    ""TotalProgramFunding(Dollarsinthousands&%D) #D%&#    FY2003 :0 ` $118,8360` "` "0h""(Estimate)h"h"  FY2002: 0 ` $150,1230` "` "0h""(CurrentEstimate)x h"h"  FY2001: 0 ` $112,4430` "` "0h""(Actual) @ h"h"    `     h      p     Mandate     CDCprotectsthehealthandsafetyoftheAmericanpeoplebystrengthening,enhancing,and    maintainingtheelementsthatareessentialtoaneffectivecommunitypublichealthpresence: X   knowledgeableandskilledpublichealthworkers;effective,proactive,andwellorganizedpublichealth h  departments;wellfunctioningpublichealthlaboratories;andmodernpublichealthsurveillanceand (  informationsystems.    HealthBurden  h  TherearehugehealthdisparitiesinmanyAmericancommunities.Partofthesolutiontoresolving 0  theseinequalitiesresidesinthecapacityofstateandlocalhealthdepartmentstoeffectivelymanage   thebusinessofpublichealthintheircommunities.Duringthepastseveraldecades,asoldthreatshave ` resurfacedandnewoneshaveemerged,theinfrastructureundergirdingourpublichealthsafeguards  p hasstruggledtomeetescalatingandincreasinglycomplexdemands.Thereareseriousgapsinourline 0 ofdefense,leavingthepublichealthsysteminadequatelypreparedforrapidlyevolvinghealththreats.  ManyAmericancommunitiesareunprotected. `  <(8x9GHIJKLMWorkforce:Thepublichealthworkforceisnotfullytrainedinessentialskillsandcompetencies.Only 0 44%ofthenationspublichealthworkershaveformaltraininginpublichealth;78%oflocalpublic  healthofficialsinleadershippositionsdonothavegraduatedegreesinpublichealth.Nearlytwothirds ` ofpublichealthnurses!thelargestprofessioninpublichealth!lackbachelorsleveleducation.Many  p publicandprivatelaboratoryscientistslackaccesstocontinuingeducationinthesafeandaccurateuse 0 ofeverevolving,hightechnologylaboratorytestsandprocedures.  Publichealthinformationandsurveillancesystems:Manyhealthdepartmentslackmodernelectronic  p  systemstodetectpublichealththreatsandrespondtohealthemergences.Fewerthanhalfofthe 0! nations3,000localhealthdepartmentshavehighspeed,continuousaccesstotheInternet;20%lacke " mailcapability.Thenationoperatessome200separate,nonintegratedpublichealthsurveillanceand `# informationsystems.Althoughmicrobesanddiseasevectorsmovearoundtheworldatjetspeed,  p$ somepublichealthlaboratories!oftenthefirsttodetectadangerousnewpathogen!stillreport  0% laboratorytestresultsbyconventionalmail,withlagtimesofupto1014days;thenationssurveillance !& systemsstillrely,inmanycases,onpaperbasedreportingandtelephonecalls. `"' Organizationalcapacity:# D=#D TheNations localpublichealthagenciesperform,onaverage,atonlyan #0) estimated60percentofneededcapacity,withanalarmingnumberservingminorityandrural $* populationsatfarlowerlevels.Similarly,astudyofsampledstatehealthdepartmentsfound h% + performanceatonly50%ofneededcapacity.Asaresultofsuchdeficiencies,onlyonethirdofall ,&|!, Americansareeffectivelyservedby# D#D Ԁstateandlocalhealthagencies. &<"-  Strategies,Activities,andResources  l(#/ Asoundpublichealthinfrastructureisessentialforprotectingcommunityhealth.Thedeficitsinthe 4)$0 nationspublichealthinfrastructureweresummarizedinCDCsreporttotheU.S.Senate,Public )D%1 HealthsInfrastructurein2000.Inrecognitionoftheseriousnessoftheproblem,inNovember2000, *&2 CongresspassedtheFristKennedyPublicHealthImprovementAct,mandatingimmediateactionsto |+&3 remedythesedeficiencies.CDCsstrategytoimprovepublichealthisbuiltontheserecommendations. <,'4 CDCandpartnersareimplementingaplantoensurethat:1)everyU.S.communityisservedbyafully ,L(5 trainedpublichealthteam,2)everyhealthdepartmentcanelectronicallyaccesshealthinformationand  emergencyalerts,monitorlocalhealthtrends,anddetectemergingproblems,and3)everyhealth p departmentandlaboratory performessentialservicesoptimally.CDCsimplementationapproachhas 0 fivecomponents!acombinationofbroadbasedeffortstobuildcorepublichealthcapacitiesand @ targetedprogramstoaddressspecialneeds:  "93"  932I-  A  3  0    Eliminateracialandethnichealthdisparitiesinhealthstatusby developingtargetedpublic 0  healthinterventionsandtestingtheireffectivenessinracialandethnicminoritycommunities;93݌ @"" Ќ  "93"  9332I-  B  3  0    Strengthenpublichealthpracticebystrengtheningthecomponentsofthepublichealth   infrastructurethatundergirdpublichealth!publichealthworkforce,healthdepartmentsand p   laboratories,andinformation,communications,andknowledgemanagementsystems;933`݌0  "" Ќ  "93"  9372I-  C  3  0    BuildtheNationalElectronicDiseaseSurveillanceSystem(NEDSS)tointegratedisease  @  detectionandmonitoringandensurerapidreportingandfollowup;937d݌ "" Ќ  "93"  932I-  D  3  0    # D #+DXXX +Stimulateextramuralpreventionresearchtodiscoverhowtoapplythelatestbiomedical p  researchatthelocallevelandhowtosupplyfrontlinepublichealthworkerswithevidenceof 0  whatworks;93݌@ "" Ќ  "93"  932I-  E  3  0    BuildcrosscuttingcapacitiesandexpertiseatCDCtosupportkeycomponentsofall   categoricalpreventionprograms.93݌p "" Ќ  Throughthesestrategies!andinconcertwithexternalpublichealthpartners!CDCiscommittedto @ improvingpublichealthatalllevels.  # Df#D   # D#D PresentationofPerformance&%D  0    ProtectingHealthandPromotingPartnerships     IIC.1aEliminatingRacialandEthnicDisparities #D%&#  TherearecontinuingdisparitiesintheburdenofillnessanddeathexperiencedbyAfricanAmericans,  p Hispanics,AmericanIndians,AlaskaNatives,AsianAmericans,andPacificIslanderscomparedtothe 0 U.S.populationasawhole.Forexample,ratesofdeathfromstrokeare60%higheramongAfrican  Americansthanamongwhites.Theprevalenceofdiabetesisabout1.7higheramongnonHispanic ` AfricanAmericans,1.9timeshigheramongHispanics,and2.8timeshigheramongAmericanIndians  p  andAlaskaNativesthanamongnonHispanicwhiteAmericansofsimilarage.AlthoughAfrican 0! AmericanandHispanicpersonsrepresent21%ofthecountryspopulation,morethanhalftheAIDS " casesreportedtoCDChavebeenamongtheseminoritypopulations;forchildren,thecontrastsare `# evenmoredramatic,withAfricanAmericanandHispanicchildrenrepresenting84%ofpediatricAIDS  p$ cases.  0% Thedemographicchangesthatareanticipatedoverthenextdecadeamplifytheimportanceof `"' addressingdisparitiesinhealthstatus.Racialandethnicgroupswillincreaseinupcomingdecadesasa  #p( proportionofthetotalU.S.population;therefore,thefuturehealthofAmericawillbeinfluenced #0) substantiallybyoursuccessinimprovingthehealthofthesepopulations.Anationalfocuson $* disparitiesinhealthstatusisparticularlyimportantaschangesunfoldinthedeliveryandfinancingof `% + healthcare.  &p!, # D[#D REACH2010:InFY1999,CDC# D|"#D receivedfundingforRacialandEthnicApproachestoCommunity '". Health2010(REACH2010),ademonstrationprojecttosupportcommunitybasedcoalitionsthathavea `(#/ highpotentialtodevelop,implement,andevaluateinnovativestrategiestoeliminateracialandethnic  )p$0 disparitiesinhealth.Theprogramssixtargetareasare:infantmortality,breastandcervicalcancer )0%1 screeningandmanagement,cardiovasculardisease,diabetes,HIV/AIDS,andimmunizations.Target *%2 populationsareAfricanAmericans,AmericanIndians,HispanicAmericans,AsianAmericans,Pacific `+&3 Islanders,andAlaskaNatives.The5yeardemonstrationprojectisbeingimplementedintwophases.  ,p'4 PhaseIisa1yearplanningperiod,andPhaseIIisa4yearimplementationandevaluationperiod. ,0(5 ЇHealthdisparitiesinAmericanIndiansandAlaskaNatives:HP2000 progressreviewsofthespecific  healthneedsofAmericanIndiansandAlaskanativesidentifieddisparitiesbetweenthesegroupsand x thegeneralpopulationinseveralpriorityareas.Forexample,infantmortalityis1.5timeshigherfor 8 NativeAmericanscomparedtowhites.NativeAmericanssuffernearlythreetimestheaveragerateof H diabetes,andonetribe,thePimasofArizona,hasthehighestknownprevalenceofdiabetesofany  populationintheworld.AlaskaNativemenandwomensufferdisproportionatelyhigherratesofcancers x ofthecolonandrectumcomparedtowhites;AmericanIndian/AlaskaNativewomenalsohavelowrates 8  ofscreeningandtreatmentforbreastandcervicalcancers.Ageadjusteddeathratesfromhomicides,  H suicides,andunintentionalinjuriesforAmericanIndiansandAlaskaNativesarealsohigherthanforthe   totalpopulation. x   InFY2001 ,CDCwillconductactivitiestoaddressthesedisparitiesinconjunctionwithREACH2010.  H  CDCwillawardcorecapacitygrantsrangingfrom$200,000to$300,000to5to7organizationstotarget    healthpriorities,gapsinprevention,andservicedeliveryinterventions.Granteeswillincludetribal x  organizationsrepresentingmorethanonetribe,tribalprojectswiththreeormorecollaboratingtribes, 8  UrbanIndianHealthPrograms,IndianHealthBoards,andInterTribalCouncils.Applicantswillbe H  encouragedtoapplyforfundsforatleastonefocusareawherethedisparityis25%orgreaterbetween   thegeneralpopulationandAmericanIndians/AlaskaNatives.Thegrantsaredesignedto:1)improve x  thelivesandhealthstatusofAmericanIndiansandAlaskaNativeswhosufferdisproportionatelyfrom 8  theburdenofpreventablediseaseanddisability;2)enhancethecollectionofstandardizeddatato H identifypopulationsatriskandmonitortheeffectivenessofhealthinterventionstargetingthesegroups;  and3)developstrategiesandtoolstoreducehealthdisparities. x  LinkstoDHHSStrategicPlan  H TheseperformanceobjectivesrelatetoDHHSGoal1:Reducemajorthreatstothehealthand  productivityofallAmericans.   Partnerships  X Developmentandimplementationoftheplantoeliminateracialandethnichealthdisparitiesisan   interagencyeffortinDHHS.CDCcollaborateswiththeOfficeofPublicHealthandScience,Officeof  MinorityHealth,AssistantSecretaryofPlanningandEvaluation,AgencyforHealthCareResearchand P Quality,HRSA,andothersinimplementingREACH2010.CDCwillalsocollaboratewithfederal ` agencies(tobedetermined)toimplementthecomponentaddressingAmericanIndiansandAlaska    Natives.Specificobjectiveswillbedeterminedthroughacollaborativeinteragencyprocess.  !  PerformanceSummary h#  REACH2010:InFY1999 , CDCfunded32grants(PhaseI)toestablishinfrastructurefordata 0$ collection,partnerships,andlinkageswithotherstateandlocalagenciesandtoworkwithfederal  % agenciesandotherstoidentifybestpracticesandprogramactivities.Asademonstrationproject, h!& outcomesmeasuresarecriticalforshowingthatthestrategiesmadeadifferenceinthecommunities ("x' servedandinothercommunitiesthroughtechnologytransfer.PhaseIactivitiesthereforeincludethe "8( developmentofevaluationmeasuresbyeachproject. #) InFY2000,CDCfunded14newcommunitieswithplanninggrantsandsupported24(fromthe32 (%x + formerPhaseIs)communitiesintheimplementationandevaluationoftheinterventionstheyhad %8!, developed(PhaseII).Toimproveaccesstocare,communitiesplantoinitiateactivitiessuchas &!- locatingsourcesofhealthcareclosertounderservedcommunities,establishingbreastcancer h'". educationprogramsinseniorcentersandretirementcommunities,increasingaccesstolowcostorfree ((x#/ prenatalcare,andestablishingandsupportingpeereducatorprogramsinyouthorganizations,middle (8$0 schools,andhighschoolstoencouragehealthylivingskills.Proposedactivitiestoaddressdiabetes )$1 includeprovidingguidesinlocalrestaurantstodescribehealthymealalternatives,distributinglowfat h*%2 menusandrecipesatlocalsupermarkets,andofferingawarenessseminarsatseniorcentersand (+x&3 retirementcommunities.Infantmortalitypreventioninitiativesincludetrainingandpreconception +8'4 counselingtoreduceriskforlowbirthweightandinfantdeath. ,'5 ЇActivitiesspecifictobreastandcervicalcancerincludeprovidingincentivesforwomentoobtainregular  mammographiesandPapsmears.Forexample,onedemonstrationprojectinChicagodrawsonthe p dedicationoflocalAfricanAmericanandLatinochurchestomobilizelowincomewomenofcolorto 0 seekearlybreastandcervicalcancerdetection.Duringitsplanningphase,theReachOutcoalition @ workedwithfocusgroupsinchurchestoestablishpilotprograms.WithCDCfundingtoimplementthe  program,ReachOutwillexpanditsworkwithlowincomeAfricanAmericanwomenandLatinosintheir p churchestochangebeliefsandbehaviorsregardingearlydetectionofbreastandcervicalcancer. 4  Performancemeasureswillbedevelopedforeachpriorityarea.CDC,withinputfromthegranteesand   collaborators,hasdevelopedanevaluationmodeltoguidedatacollection.InFY2001,CDC has t   commencedworkwithoneevaluationcontractorstocollectoutcomedataandhasannouncedfunding <   forasecondwhichwillassistcommunitiesinthecollectionofprocessdata.CDCwillalsoselectfrom  L  severaloptionsforcomparisoncommunities;themostlikelyistoaddquestionstotheBRFSS.CDC   hasprovidedfundingthroughthePreventionResearchCenterattheUniversityofSouthCarolinato |  manageaSpecialInterestProject.ThisprojectwillinformtheevaluationprocessforREACH2010 <  throughtheformationofaBlueRibbonpanelofexpertstaskedtodevelopevaluationguidance L  documents.Thesedocumentswillbeusefulinthedevelopmentofperformancemeasures.   AmericanIndiansandAlaskaNatives:PerformanceassessmentwillbegininFY2001.# D"#D Ԁ  <  GoalbyGoalPresentationofPerformance    A_@ d@L APerformanceGoal:0 Improvethelivesofracialandethnicpopulationswhosuffer } disproportionatelyfromtheburdenofdiseaseanddisability,anddevelop E toolsandstrategiesthatwillenablethenationtoeliminatethesehealth  ] disparitiesby2010.% " " @TGw@1111! tD@ # DC#D *`dd dd  dd   dd  [dd [`"",dd ,< dd ,dd ,dd +  / /PerformanceMeasure A,!B ATarget A,!B AActualPerformance A,!B ARef. 8#!B 8Fundselected N  communitiestoimplement ^! REACH2010 " interventionsbasedon # communityplanning N$ activities. ^%  $(^#1 $ FY03: Providecontinuation N2 fundingtoPhaseIIgrantees;  f3 FY02: Providecontinuation &4 fundingtoPhaseIIgrantees;  5 FY01: Providecontinuation ^6 fundingtoPhaseIIgrantees; &v7 announcetheavailabilityoffunds 68 fornewPhaseIIcoalitions.  9  FY00: Fundselectedcommunities &"v; toimplementPhaseII ">< interventions;fund46morePhase #= lgrantees. n$>  FY99: Developacommunity .%~ ? planningRFA;fund1PhaseI %F!@ grantee. &"A   v'"B  FY03: 10/2004 NC  FY02: 10/2003 &E  FY01 :SixnewPhaseII ^G projectstobefunded &vH basedonobjective 6I competition.  J  FY00: Funded14 &"vL PhaseIcoalitionsand ">M 24PhaseIIcoalitions. #N  FY99: Funded32 .%~ P PhaseIcoalitions.  %F!Q Page NR 198 ^S ! ! 9GHIJKLMD(zy8<"93"  9O2z33   T 0 @   93OP݌̌  ) (^#c )PerformanceMeasure A,!d ATarget A,!d AActualPerformance A,!d ARef. 8#!d 8$@lXX$Developnational p strategies 0 (recommendations)for @ eliminatinggapsineach  ofthesixhealthpriority p   areasbasedonthe 0   interventionsandfindings  @  fromtheREACH2010    Projects. $p   $ FY03: Convenepanelofexperts p toreviewstrategiesdevelopedto 8 date.Conveneannualmeetingof H granteestoreviewanddescribe  strategiesdevelopedtodate. x   FY02: Conveneannualmeetingof  H granteestoreviewanddescribe   strategiesdevelopedtodate.   Receiveguidancefromagroupof @  evaluationexpertssupportedby P  CDCtoevaluatecommunitydriven   strategiestoeliminatehealth   disparties.Establishdatabaseof @  strategiesdevelopedbygrantees. P  AssistDHHSwiththe   implementationofaNational   LeadershipSummitonHealth @ Disparitieshighlightingeffective P  strategieswithinputofREACH ! 2010grantees. "  FY01: Completestrategiesnot P$ expecteduntilFY2005.Interim % measuresinclude:abstracts, & presentationsandpublicationson H' granteeplanningand X( implementationstrategies.  )   *  FY03: 10/2004  p+ FY02: 10/2003  p1  FY01: Publishedarticle (@ andabstractinpeer A reviewedjournalson `B strategiestoeliminate  pC racialandethnichealth 0D disparities.  E Page pF # D|F#D 198# DnZ#D  0G "93"  93Z2z33  0 !   93Z'[݌ *0[!"!" *Ќ  Developacomprehensive ,\ disseminationplanfor ] transferringlessons \^ learnedfromtheREACH l_ 2010projectsto ,` Communitiesacrossthe  a country. $\!b $ FY03: Reviewandfieldtest ,c disseminationplan d  FY02: Developdraftdissemination de plan ,|f  FY01: Commenceprocessto <g developdisseminationplan.  h Conductformativeresearch t!i concerningstateoftheart 4"j disseminationplans.Present "Dk REACH2010disseminationissues #l atAPHAannualconference. t$m DevelopREACHAtAGlance(4 4% n pagedescriptionoftheprogram). %D!o DevelopwebsiteforREACH2010.  &"p  FY03: 10/2004 ,q  FY02: 10/2003 ds  FY01: Visitingscientist <u (Epidemiologist)  v commencedprocessto t!w developdissemination 4"x plan;Conducted "Dy formativeresearch #z concerningstateofthe t${ artdisseminationplans; 4% | abstractacceptedfor %D!} presentationatAPHA. &"~ REACH2010AtA t'" Glancepublishedand 4(# WebSitecompleted.  (D$ Page , # DZ#D 198# D=b#D   "93"  93b2z33  0 !   93bb݌#l!"!"  #Ќ  Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures :Granteeswillreportonthedevelopmentof *% implementationandevaluationplans,whichwillbereviewedbyCDCstaff.CDCwillevaluateFY2000 l+& measuresviasitevisits.ForFY2001,datawillbeacquiredbytheCDCgrantreportingsystem.No ,,|' datalagsareexpected. ,<( Ї A_@ d@ APerformanceGoal:ImprovethelivesofAmericanIndianandAlaskaNativepopulationswho 1 sufferdisproportionatelyfromtheburdenofdiseaseanddisability,anddeveloptoolsand  strategiesthatwillenablethenationtoeliminatethesehealthdisparitiesby2010.  q @yv@j1111! e@*`edddd < dd < dd dd `##, dd ,dd ,dd ,dd +  &jj & PerformanceMeasure / / Target / / ActualPerformance / / Ref. / /FundAmericanIndian/AlaskaNative * z organizationstoaddresshealth  :  priorities,preventiongaps,and    servicedeliveryinterventionsfor j   theircommunities. $* z  $ FY03: * z  FY02: 5organizations  B  FY01: 5organizations  R      FY03: 10/2004  * z FY02: Continuation  B fundingforfive   organizations z  anticipated.  :  FY01: FiveAI/AN  J organizationstobe    awardedfunding9/2001    FY99: 0(baseline) B     Z  Page * z # Db#D 198# Dl#D   :  "93"  93m2z33  0 "   93mEm݌# :$""""  #Ќ  Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures :ThemeasurewillbeverifiedbytheCDCgrant  % reportingsystem.# Dl# D   & #  Dn#D   &%DII.C.1bPublicHealthWorkforce#D%& o# 6D ) #D 6po# ThehealthofAmericascommunitieshingesontheexpertiseofthepublichealthworkforce!the500,000 j+ physicians,nurses,environmentalhealthspecialists,educators,laboratorians,managers,andotherswho *z, workonthefrontlinesofpublichealth.Thepublichealthworkforceisthefirstlineofdefense.Virtuallyall :- healthproblemsinourcommunities!infectiousdiseaseoutbreaks,chemicalhazards,chronicdiseases, . injuries!arerecognizedfirstbylocalpublichealthprofessionalswhoworkinconcertwithstateand j/ nationalpartnerstocontrolthesethreatsandsavelives. *z0 Severalbarriersimpedethedevelopmentandmaintenanceofacompetentpublichealthworkforce.There 2 isnoconsensusoncompetencystandards.Thishamperstheassessmentofworkforcepreparednessand j3 thedevelopmentofnationallyrecognizedpublichealthpracticecurricula.Thereisnointegratedpublic *z4 healthtrainingandcontinuingeducationsystemtosustainpreparednessandfosterlifelonglearning.Data :5 oneffectivestrategiesforsustainingworkforcepreparednessandtranslatingresearchfindingsinto 6 interventionsatthefrontlinesarealsolacking.CDCisactivelyimplementingastrategytoaddressthese j7 barriers,closethegapsinpublichealthcapacity,andstrengthenthepracticeofpublichealthatthefront * z8 lines.  :9 Trainingisoneroutetoimprovingthepublichealthworkforcesperformanceandpreparingitsmembersfor j"; thechallengesahead.Infrastructuredevelopmentalsoinvolvesworkingwithpartnersinfederal,state,and *#z< localagenciestosetmeaningfulperformancestandards,identifygaps,anddevoteresourcestothemost #:= criticaltrainingandperformanceareas,suchasthosehighlightedineffortstoincreasepreparednessfor $> bioterroristattacks.InFY2000,CDCandpartnerscompletedtheGlobalandNationalImplementationPlan j% ? forPublicHealthWorkforceDevelopment.Theplancallsforconcertedactiontoensurearobustand .&~!@ competentpublichealthworkforcetoprotectthehealthandsafetyofAmericans. L    &B"A    4    ,B(I  PerformanceSummary   InFY2000,CDCestablishedanationalsystemofCentersforPublicHealthPreparednesstostrengthen x thecapacityofstateandlocalhealthagenciesandtosupportCDCspreventionprogramsand 8 bioterrorism/emerginginfectiousdiseaseprogramsinparticular.By2001,sevencomprehensiveacademic H centerswereactiveinschoolsofpublichealthincludingtheUniversityofIllinoisChicago,Universityof  NorthCarolinaChapelHill,UniversityofWashington,andColumbiaUniversityandin2001,St.Louis x University,UniversityofSouthFloridaandUniversityofIowa.FourspecialitycentersincludeDartmouth 8  MedicalCollege(appliedcommunicationstechnology),JohnsHopkins/GeorgetownUniversity(public  H healthlaw),andSt.LouisUniversitySchoolofPublicHealth(emerginginfections/bioterrorism),andthe   UniversityofFinday(Ohio)(allhazardsterrorismpreparedness).Planstoexpandtoatotalof15 x   academiccentersaredevelopedandreadyforimplementationbasedonavailablefunding. 8   TheCentersaredevelopingcurricula,elearningtechniques,certificationandcredentialingmethods,and    appliedresearch.Forexample,theIllinoisPublicHealthPreparednessCenterhasdevelopedand x  distributedanintroductorypublichealthcourse PublicHealth101"and Bioterrorism101"viadistance 8  learning;provideonlineinstructionforpublichealthadministratorcertification;andinitiatecertificate H  programsforcommunityhealthimprovementspecialistsandforotherstatedefinedpriorities.The   developmentof8additionalCenterswillcompletenationwidecoverage. x  CDCcontinuestoimplementnewsystemstobroadentrainingoptionsnationallyandinternationally.CDC H designedalifelonglearningsystemandincreasedtrainingopportunitiesthroughdistancebasedlearning  technology.CDCexceededthedistancelearningperformancetargetbyexpandingtherangeofprograms x offeredandincreasingthenumberofparticipants.The135,000distancelearningparticipantsinFY1999 8 surpassedthenumbertargetedthroughFY2002.InFY2000,CDCincreasedthenumberofparticipants H to148,000.Theseincreaseswerefacilitatedbypartnershipswithfederalagenciesandpublichealth  practiceandacademicorganizations.# Dn#D Ԁ# Dׄ# D DuringFY2001,morethan202,000publichealthprofessionals x participatedindistancelearningactivities.Thisdramaticincreasewasinpartduetoheightenedinterestin 8 theCDCResponds"satellitebroadcasts#  D# D ԀseriesinresponsetotheSeptember11,2001terroristsattackon H theUnitedStates#  DW#D .  CDCisalsoaddressingworkforcetraininggapsindevelopingcountries.Becausemanagementabilityis 8 anindispensablecorepublichealthcompetency,CDC!incollaborationwithinternationalpartners! H implementedatrainthetrainerapproachforsustainablemanagementdevelopment.CDCincreasedthe   numberoftraineesfrom142inFY1999to159inFY2000andduetocontinueddemandformanagement x! training,increasedthenumberoftraineesto183inFY2001.CDCalsoincreasedthenumberofstates 8" servedbyU.S.stateandregionalleadershipdevelopmentprogramsfrom32inFY1999to34inFY2000. H# CDCwasabletoexceedthetargetbecausestatesalreadyoperatingleadershipprogramscouldleverage $ theirlimitedresourcestohelpnewstates.  x %  ThroughtheNationalLaboratoryTrainingNetwork,CDCimprovespublichealthandenvironmental "P' laboratorypracticesandperformancethroughtraining.InFY2000,networkstaffcontinuedtoconduct "( assessmentsoftrainingneedsrelatedtorabies,virology,mycobacteriology,foodmicrobiology,mycology #) testing,andotherareasofpublichealthconcern. @$*    4    <  ,'5 Ї GoalbyGoalPresentationofPerformance    A_@ d@8 APerformanceGoal:0 Preparelocal,frontlinepublichealthworkerstorespondtocurrentand i emergingpublichealththreats. 1 # # @yv@*z1111! 3@*`eded dd dd dd dd `##,u dd ,Z dd ,dd ,dd +  &*z*z &@   PerformanceMeasure / /@% Target / /@nn3 ActualPerformance / / Ref. / /Establishanationalsystemof  :  CentersforPublicHealth    Preparednesstodevelopand j   disseminatecompetencies * z  basedpublichealthcurricula $ :  $ FY03: Evaluateadoptionand  : useofcompetencybased   curricula.  r  FY02: Developanddisseminate 2  competencybasedpublichealth  J curriculaforinformatics,   genomics,publichealthlaw, z  emergencyresponseandbasic :  publichealth. J   FY01: Establish4additional   CentersatAcademic   Institutions. B    R  FY03: 3/2004   : FY02: 3/2003 B   FY01 :4additional * $ Centersestablished.  %  FY00: Baseline:7 b & Centersestablished:3are *z' specialtyCentersinPublic :( HealthLaw,Applied ) Communications j* TechnologiesandStLouis *z+ UniversityCenterfor :, ResearchandEducation - onBioterrorism. j.   *z/ # D#D Page  :0 # D#D 198# D#D   1 @G"G"IG""93"  932z33  0 `"   93݌  9$"j :`"Z#`"Z# 9Buildcapacityfortechnology ~; basedlearningatFederal, >< State,andlocallevels. $N= $ FY03: Evaluategapsin ~> capacity oftechnologybased F? learningatStateandlocallevels V@  FY02 :Identifygapsincapacity B fortechnologybasedlearningat NC Stateandlocallevels. ^D  FY01: Establishstandards,  F guidelinesandgovernance V!G structuretoenhanceintegrated "fH globalnationaloperations.  "&I  FY03: 9/2003  ~J FY02: 9/2002 N  FY01: Technology  R standardsandguidelines v!S revised;rolesofStateand 6"T localdistancelearning "FU coordinatorsestablished.  #V # D5#D Page ~W # DU#D 198# D#D  >X "93"  93/2z33  0 `"   93/\݌^`"Z#`"Z# Ќ  # D#D   "b @   PerformanceMeasure /d /@% Target /d /@nn3 ActualPerformance /d / Ref. # D #D  /d /Recommendchangesin p publichealthpracticebased 0 onfindingsfromapplied @ researchinworkforce  preparedness. p    $0   $ FY03: Implementresearch p  withinthenationalsystemof 8  centersforpublichealth H  preparednesstoaddresstop  priorityareas.  x  FY02: Identifypriorityareasfor  P appliedresearchinpublichealth   workforcepreparedness.    FY01: Developanapplied X  researchagendatostrengthen   thesciencebaseassociatedwith   ascertainingtheimpactofa P  competentworkforceonthe `  capacitytoimplementeffective   publichealthinterventions.     FY03: 12/2003  p FY02: 9/2002   p" FY01: ExpertPanel @ & Workgroupconvenedin X ' November2000andJune  ( 2001todevelopan  ) evaluationframeworkfor H * workforcedevelopment X + plansandrecommend , researchpriorities.  - # Dz#D Page p. # D}#D 198# D٥#D  0/ @G"G"IG""93"  93n2z33  0 `"   93n݌# 9`"Z#`"Z#  #Ќ  @77+7A_@ d@  APerformanceGoal:0 ImplementtrainingprogramstoprovideaneffectiveworkforceforU.S. Q< healthdepartmentsandlaboratoriesandministriesofhealthin = developingcountries. > # # @c@1111! A@# D#+DXXX +*`ededu dd u Z dd Z dd dd `##, dd , dd ,dd ,dd +  /? /PerformanceMeasure A,!>@ ATarget A,!>A AActualPerformance A,!>B ARef. 8#!>C 8Thenumberofpublichealth JD professionalsparticipatingin  ZE distancelearningactivitieswill F beincreased./ XXXD/+DXXX +Ԛ $G $ FY03: 125,000  JH FY02: 125,000 bI  FY01: 120,000 *J  FY00: 115,000 K  FY99: 105,000/ XXXD]/+DXXX +  jL  FY03: 12/2003  JM FY02: 12/2002 bN  FY01 :202,000 *O  FY00: 148,000 P  FY99: 126,000 jQ  FY98: 100,000/ XXXD/+DXXX +  2R # D#D Page JS # DM#D 198# D#+DXXX +  ZT "93"  93/2z33  0 `"   93/\݌ *V`"Z#`"Z# *Ќ  ThenumberofSustainable  W ManagementDevelopment N!X graduateswhoconduct "^Y trainingindeveloping "Z countrieswillbeincreased/ XXXD/+DXXX +Ԛ $#[ $ / XXXD/+DXXX +FY03: 225   \ FY02: 203 V!]  FY01: 176 "n^  FY00: 160 "6_  FY99: 142/ XXXDj/+DXXX +Ԛ  #`  FY03: 11/2003   a FY02: 11/2002 V!b  FY01: 183 "nc  FY00: 158 "6d  FY99: 142 #e  FY98: 125/ XXXDe/+DXXX +Ԛ  v$f # D#D Page  g # D #D 198# Df#+DXXX + N!h "93"  932z33  0 `"   93݌"j`"Z#`"Z# Ќ  ) N$l )PerformanceMeasure A,!d ATarget A,!d AActualPerformance A,!d ARef. 8#!d 8# D#D Evaluatetheimpacton p laboratorypracticeoftraining 0 programsconductedbythe @ NationalLaboratoryTraining  Network. $p   $D FY03: Laboratorytrainingusing p  Distancelearning workshopina (x  boxeducationalprogramsto (  assesschangesinpracticesand   improvelaboratoryinspections.  8  FY02: Laboratorytrainingin   Bioterrorismresponsetoincrease X  thenumberoflaboratories  X participatinginthelaboratory   responsenetwork;andtoincrease h  adoptionofprotocolstoidentify h  agentsofbioterrorismbyState   laboratories.  x  FY01: Evaluatetheimpactof 0  trainingonlaboratorymethodsin   rabies. H   FY00: Evaluatetheimpactof 8( trainingonlaboratorymethodsin @) foodmicrobiology,M.tuberculosis * identification,andvirology. T+  FY99: Evaluatetheimpactof , |/ trainingonclinicallaboratory  40 methods.  !1  FY03: 8/2003  p2 FY02: 8/2002  8  FY01: NLTNcompleted H @ workshopsonthelaboratory P A identificationofrabiesfor26  B statepublichealthvirologists. ` C Asurvey,senttoassessthe `D impactoftheworkshops, E yieldeda69%response.Of pF those,94%reportedchanging  pG theirtestingmethods,67%  H improvedtheirQApractices, I and44%adoptedimproved 0J safetymeasures.Sixteen 0K otherchangesinpractices L werecitedasaresultofthe @M workshops. @N  FY00: Reportsofincreased PP confidenceintestresults, XQ communicationwithpublic R healthcontacts,and hS knowledgeofCDCandother hT testingresources. U  FY99: Physicianoffice ( xW laboratoriesreporteda71%  0X increaseintestresult !Y confidenceduetotraining. @"Z  FY9298: EvaluationofNLTN #\ trainingprograms,199298.  X$] Page p^ #v#v198#v#v   p_ #D### D#D Thenumberofstatesserved % ` bystateandregional \&!a leadershipdevelopment 'l"b programswillbeincreased./ XXXDP/+DXXX +Ԛ $',#c $D FY03 : 44states  % d FY02 :42states T&!e  FY01: 38states  '\"f  FY00: 32states '#g  FY99: 30states |(#h   4)$i  FY03 :/vXXX>/+XXXv+ 11/2003  % j FY02 :11/2002 T&!k  FY01: Exceeded/40  '\"l  FY00: Exceeded/34 '#m  FY99 :Exceeded/32 |(#n  FY97: 25  4)$o #D## D#D Page % p # DC#D 198# D#D  \&!q   Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures :CDCwillmonitorperformancethroughroutine *,&r evaluationofdatacollectedbyprograms. +&s  d,'t  &%DIIC.1cdEnhancedCapacityforPublicHealthDepartmentsandLaboratoriesd#D%&#   Aswiththepublichealthworkforce,thenationsstateandlocalpublichealthsystemsarenotadequately P preparedforrapidlyevolvinghealththreats.Independentstudieshavefoundthatonlyonethirdofthe ` U.S.populationiseffectivelyservedbypublichealthagencies.ACDCstudyin2000!thefirstever   assessmentoftheperformanceofstatepublichealthsystems!yieldedaverageperformancescoresof  40%to56%forthreestatepublichealthsystems.Otherstudieshaveshownthatlocalhealthdepartments P  providesomewherebetween50%and70%oftheservicesdeemedessentialforprotectingthepublics  ` health.Thesedatadocumentthedeficienciesinorganizationalcapacitythatconstrainhealthdepartments   intheireffortstoserveandprotectAmericans.    TheNationalPublicHealthPerformanceStandardsProgramdfacilitatesthedperformanceofessentialpublic  `  healthservicesdthroughvoluntarydperformancemeasurement,improvementplanning,andsystems   development.Theprogram,startedin1998,isaCDCpartnershipwithvariouspublichealthagencies.   Partnershaveestablishedmodelnationalpublichealthperformancestandardsandarefacilitatingtheiruse P  bystateandlocalpublichealthsystemsandgoverningbodies.Instrumentstoassessstate,local,and `  governancecapacitytomeetperformancestandardsaredbeingfielddtestedinstatesandlocalities,   preparingthewayforvoluntaryadoptionnationally.Inaddition,CDCandDOJareassessingthecapacity   oflocalpublichealthsystemsnationallytorespondtobioterrorismandothercommunityhealth P  emergencies. `  PerformanceSummary   AspartoftheCDCledNationalPublicHealthPerformanceStandardsProgram,6morestatesandtheir X countieswillfieldtestassessmentinstrumentsinFY2001.Modelperformancestandardsforessential h publichealthservicesarealreadyinfluencingchangesinteststates.InFlorida,performanceassessment ( hasbeenincorporatedintothestatesmanagementandqualityimprovementprogram.InMississippi,  performancestandardshavebeenusedinthelegislaturesreviewofpublichealthagencyresponsibilities, X andtheTexaslegislaturehasadoptedtheessentialpublichealthservicesasthebasisforpublichealth h activity.CDCwillcontinueworkingwithAmericanIndian/AlaskanNativegovernmentstohelpthemassess ( thepreparednessandcapacityoftheirpublichealthsystems.Thisisacontinuationofthesuccessful  projectwecompletedinFY2001regardingtheNationalPublicHealthPerformanceStandardsprogram X anditsusebytribalnations. h Becauseperformancemeasuresmustlinktothegoalsofstatesandcommunities,CDCandtheNational ! AssociationofCountyandCityHealthOfficialsareimplementinganewtool!MobilizingforActionthrough X" PlanningandPartnerships!tohelpcommunities,healthprofessionals,andtheirpartnersidentifyhealth l# priorities,mobilizetoaddressthem,andevaluateimpact.Theseinitiativesarelayingthefoundationfor 0$ implementationofSections319ACoftheFristKennedyPublicHealthImprovementActof2000.Onthe  % internationalfront,CDCconsultswithWHO,PAHO,andtheWorldBanktoassistintheadoptionofpublic `!& heathperformancestandardsglobally.  "p' CDCwillbegintocollectandanalyzefindingsfromfourdemonstrationprojectstotestelementsofthe #) envisionedNationalSystemforLaboratoryTestingofPublicHealthImportanceinconjunctionwithAPHL. `$* Theprojectswillincreasepublicprivatelaboratoryinteractionandimprovetestingpracticesforspecific  %p + diseases.CDCisalsopromotingthecorefunctionsandcapabilitiesofstatelaboratoriesarticulatedina %0!, recentAPHLconsensusguidelineandisdevelopingperformancestandardsforstateandlocalpublic &!- healthlaboratories.Internationally,CDCisimprovinglaboratoryinfrastructureinlessdevelopedcountries `'". throughtheGlobalAIDSProgram,withafocusonqualityassurance,policydevelopment,andtrainingin  (p#/ AfricaandIndia.Internationalprojectsinclude:creationoflaboratorytrainingprogramsintheCarribean; (0$0 creationofguidelinesandmodelsfornationallaboratoryqualityprogramswithanemphasisonHIVand )$1 TB;andpromotionofmultiorganizationalcooperationthroughlaboratorytraining. `*%2    4    ,'5 Ї GoalbyGoalPresentationofPerformance   A_@ d@8 A PerformanceGoal:0 Preparefrontlinestateandlocalhealthdepartmentsandlaboratoriesto i respondtocurrentandemergingpublichealththreats. 1 # # @yv@*z1111!@*`ded dd dd dd dd `##, dd , dd ,dd ,dd +  /:: / PerformanceMeasure A,!N  A Target A,!N  A ActualPerformance A,!N  A Ref. 8#!N   8Statesdemonstrating    Improvementinlaboratory j   testingandreportingofpriority * z  diseases. $ :  $# D#D  FY03: 4states    FY02 :4states r   FY01: 4states  :   FY03: 4/2003    FY02: 4/2002 r   FY01: 11/2001  :  Page   # D#D 198# D#D   j  # D$#D Conductcollaborative >  assessmentsofthecapacityof N  stateandlocalhealth   departmentsandlaboratories. ~  # D# $>  $D  FY03: Developmentof >  implementationplanfor V  disseminationofassessment   instrumentsinaselect   numberofstates . F  FY02: Validateselected &! instrumentsfordissemination " tohealthdepartmentsand ^# laboratories. n$  FY01: Conductapilot,and & refinedraftinstruments. f'  FY00: Developdraft f+ consensuscapacity .~, assessmentinstruments.  >-  FY03: 3/2004 > .  FY02: 3/2003 4  FY01: Pilotedconsensus 9 capacityinstrumentsin4 V: statesand175localhealth f; departments &<   =  FY00: Achieved  V> Page > ? # D#D 198# D#D  N @ "93 "  93W2z33  0 d"   # D#D 93W݌#~Jd"Z#d"Z#  #Ќ  Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures :CDCwillmonitorperformancethroughroutine K evaluationofdatacollectedbyprograms. fL   &%D IIC.1d#D%& # DԀ#D n#&%DdPublicPractice:Information,Communication,andKnowledgeManagement f!P Systemsd#D%&#  z"Q Aswiththeworkforce,demandsonourNationspublichealthinformationinfrastructurehaveneverbeen $jS greater.Today,globaltravel,immigration,andcommercecanmovemicrobesanddiseasevectorsaround $* T theworldatjetspeed,yetourpublichealthsurveillancesystemsstillrely,inmanycases,onatime % U consuming,resourceintensive PonyExpresssystemofpaperbasedreportingandtelephonecalls. Z&!V &%D#&0"%%&#&%"%&0#D%&m## D#D Inourdaytodayworldofpagers,cellphones,andfrequentemailcommunicationbetweeneveryonefrom 'B#X kindergartnerstograndparents,itissoberingtoconsiderthecurrentstatusofpublichealthsdataand ($Y informationsystems.In1999,CDCandtheNationalAssociationofCountyandCityHealthOfficers r)$Z conductedanemailtesttoseehowquicklylocalhealthdepartmentscouldbecontactedintheeventofa 2*%[ healthalertorbioterroristemergency.Inthistest,only35percentofCDCsemailsweredelivered *B&\ successfully,foravarietyofreasons.Somepublichealthlaboratories!oftenthefirsttodetectanew +'] pathogen!stillreporttheirresultsbysurfacemail,withlagtimesupto10to14days.  prov  denvironmen    i       r,'^ ЇInaFebruary1999surveyoflocalhealthdepartments,CDCfoundthatonly45percenthadthecapacityto  sendbroadcastfacsimilealerts(i.e.,multiple faxessentsimultaneouslytolabs,physicians,Statehealth p agencies,CDC,orothers).Similarly,fewerthanhalfhadhighspeedcontinuous# D#D ԀaccesstotheInternet, 0 and20percentlackedemailcapabilities. @ Lackofaccesstocommunicationnetworksisnottheonlyissueofconcern.Inresponsetoa1998survey p aboutinfrastructureproblems,alocalhealthdepartmentconfessedtonotreportingdiseasesbecause 0  doingsowouldhavemeantalongdistancephonecall.  @ Thesegapsinthebasicinformationinfrastructurearetroublingbecausenotonlydotheypreventpublic p   healthagenciesfromcommunicatingwitheachotherinatimelymanner,buttheyalsohinder 0   communicationbetweenpublichealthstaff,privateclinicians,orothersourcesofinformationabout  @  emerginghealthproblems.    RGHIJKNOPQ(0 y 9GHIJKLMD/ /#^^ddThesebasiccommunicationgapsalsoexacerbateotherproblems,particularlytheexistingfragmentationof 0  surveillancesystemsandthevariabilitybetweenvariousjurisdictionsintermsoftheircommunication @  infrastructure.Astrongandresponsivecommunicationandsurveillancesystemcannotrealizeitsfullpublic   healthpotentialifsomejurisdictionslacktheskillsand/ortechnologytodetectandreportemergingproblems. p  Thepublichealthsurveillancesystemisanetworkthatsimplycannotperformitsprotectivefunctionifits 0  detectionandreportingcapacityisuneven.&%D @  #D%&#PerformanceSummary   Severalrecentinfusionsoffundingandattentionhavebeguntoaddresssomeoftheseproblems.CDCis P leadingthedevelopmentofWebbasedsystemstotranslatecollecteddataandscientificfindingsintopractical ` informationforhealthprofessionalsandthepublic.OneofthesesystemsistheCDCPreventionGuidelines   Database,anonlinerepositoryofallCDCinterventionandtreatmentguidelinesavailableonCDCsInternetWeb  Site.ThissystemiscurrentlythesinglemostaccessedfeatureofCDCsonlineinformationandisbeingrevised P andexpandedtoincorporatenewpreventionresearchfindingsandtoleveragenewinteractiveWebcapabilities. ` ComplementingthissystemisthePublicHealthImageLibrary,auniqueonlinegalleryofscientificphotographs,  electronicimages,storedvideo,andotherobjectsrepresentingsignificantpublichealthvisualinformation.This P galleryiscurrentlybeingpopulatedwithimagesfromawiderangeofCDCandpublichealthpartnersandwillbe ` expandedinFY2001.Athirdsystem,theHealthAlertNetwork,isamajorcomponentofCDCs_Bioterrorism_    Initiative,andisservingthe dualuseofprovidingaplatformforrapidelectroniccommunicationsfor_bioterrorist_ ! eventsaswellasforotherhealththreats.Whenfullydeployed,thenetworkwilllinklocalhealthdepartmentsto P" eachother,withotherlocalagenciescriticaltoemergencyresponse,toStatehealthdepartments,toCDC,andto `# otherfederalagencies.Functionally,thenetworkwillsupportan earlywarningandresponsesystem,rapid  $ communicationandresponsecoordination,rapidcommunicationoflaboratorydiseasetestresults,distance  % basedtrainingdeliveredtopublichealthworkersdesktops,aswellastheNationalElectronicDisease P!& SurveillanceSystemapplicationdescribedbelow. "`' InFY1999,withcongressionalsupportandfunding,CDClaunchedthenationalHealthAlertNetworktoimprove #) informationaccessandtrainingforlocalhealthdepartments.Atotalof40sites"37Statesand3large P$* cities"havenowbeenfundedtobeginbasicimplementationofInternetconnectivity,broadcast %` + communications,anddistancelearningcapacityatthelocallevel.Inaddition,3localhealthdepartmentshave %$!, beenfundedas CentersforPublicHealthPreparednesstodevelopmoreadvancedapplicationsforsister &!- agenciesnationwide.TheNetworkisbeingjointlydevelopedbylocal,State,andFederalpartners,andinitial T'". implementationisprogressingsuccessfullyinthefundedsites.ResourcesfortheHealthAlertNetworkactivities (d#/ areprovidedthroughtheCDC_Bioterrorism_ԀinitiativedescribedinSection2.15ofthisperformanceplan. ($$0   +d&3 *`dd dd dd dd dd `##,dd +  & & PerformanceGoal : Stateandlocalhealthdepartmentsareabletoelectronicallyaccessanddistribute d  uptodatepublichealthinformationandemergencyhealthalerts,monitorthehealthofcommunities, , andassistinthedetectionofemergingpublichealthproblems. # D#D (  (*l`dddd `##l, dd ,dd ,2 dd ,dd +  /\\ /PerformanceMeasure A,! ATarget A,! AActualPerformance A,! ARef. 8#! 8Expandfrontlinepublichealth  l  practitionersaccesstoInternet  ,  based,CDCapprovedpublic    healthpracticeguidelines, \   scientific/diseasereference  l  images,healthandmedical  ,  data,andinformationonthe   effectivenessofpublichealth \  interventions. $l  $ FY03 :Continue  l implementationofplan .  4 FY02 :Continue t  implementationofplan. <   FY01 :Initiate   implementationofplan.    FY00 :Developplanfor   continuousreviewand L enhancementofonline,  \ CDCapprovedinformation   resources.  !  FY03: 9/2003  l"  FY02: 9/2002 d %  FY01 :Implementation  ( ongoing.AnticipateAugust t ) 2001webreleaseofnew 4 * publicpracticeguidelines. D +  FY00 :Plandeveloped;new t - andenhancedguidelines, <. imagesandotherresources L/ added.   0 # D#D Page  l1 # D#D 198# D#D Ԁ  ,2  9GHIJKLMD(zy0RGHIJKNOPQ"93"  932z33  0 !   93J݌#\ 8!i#!i#  #Ќ  Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures: Performanceforallobjectiveswillbemonitoredthrough <9 routineevaluationofdatacollectedbyprograms# Db#D  T:  &%DIIC.1ePreventionResearch#D%&#  D= Manyoftheprematuredeaths,illnesses,injuries,disabilities,andhealthcarecostsintheUnitedStatescanbe 4? eliminatedbyeffectivecommunitybasedinterventions.Preventionresearchcanidentifyandtestpromising @ interventionsandensuretheireffectivenessinprotectingthehealthofAmericans.Minoritiesbeara dA disproportionateburden,butallAmericansfeeltheimpactonhealthandacceleratinghealthcarecostsandin $tB diminishedeconomicproductivity.Forexample,asthmaamongyoungchildrenincreasedby160%from1980to 4C 1994andaccountsforanestimated10millionmissedschooldayseachyear.Cardiovasculardiseasekills D nearly1millionAmericansannually,afflicts58# D#D million,andcoststhenationanestimated$274billionannually. d E ThenumberofAmericanswithdiabetesgrewsixfoldfromthe1950sto1997;diabetesnowaffectsnearly16 $!tF millionpersonsandkills200,000eachyear. !4G Thenationspublichealthprofessionalsneedsciencebasedinformationonthebestpreventionpracticesto d#I addresstheseandotherhealththreats.AlthoughCDCresearchshowsthat70%ofprematuremortalityisrelated $$tJ tofactorsamenabletoapopulationbasedpreventionapproach,lessthan2%ofthenationshealthcarebudget $4 K goestopopulationbaseddiseasepreventionandhealthpromotion._Research!America_Ԁpollsconductedin1999 % L showthat66%ofthepublicwantspopulationbasedpreventionresearch.However,onlyasmallfractionofthe d&!M nationalhealthresearchbudgetsupportssuchresearch. $'t"N CDCsextramuralpreventionresearchdevelopsscientificknowledgeabouteffectiveapproachestopreventing (#P illnessandinjuriesincommunities,theworkplace,andthehome.Thisvitalworktakesfourforms:investigator d)$Q initiatedresearchonaspectrumofissues;researchonissueskeytoCDCspublichealthprograms;supportfor $*t%R researchcentersatacademicinstitutions;andcareerdevelopmentforpromisingyoungresearchers. *4&S    4  # D#D  d,'U Ї Linksto_DHHS_ԀStrategicPlan   Theseperformancemeasuresrelateto_DHHS_ԀGoal6:Strengthenthenation'shealthsciencesresearch x enterpriseandenhanceitsproductivitythroughthePreventionResearchInitiative,andto HealthyPeople2010 < focusarea,EducationalandCommunityBasedPrograms P  PerformanceSummary  @  InauguratedinFY1999,thePreventionResearchInitiativeiscentraltoCDCsextramuralpreventionresearch  X strategy.Thedrivingprinciplesareto:1)supportpopulationbasedresearchprioritiesidentifiedbyCDCand   externalexperts,includingresearchers,practitioners,policymakersandcommunitygroups;2)incorporate    communitygoalsandperspectivesintoresearchdesignandconduct,3)supportinvestigatorinitiatedresearch, H   4)useexternalpeerreviewtoidentifythehighestqualityresearch,and5)translateresearchfindingsintopublic  X  healthtoolsandbestpractices.    # D;$#D Theprograms$15millionFY1999appropriationfunded52multiyearresearchgrantsonpreventionofcancer, H  asthma,diabetes,cardiovasculardisease,and_STDs_,andonchildsafety,immunizations,physicalactivity, X  nutrition,andotherhighprioritysubjects.Fundsmadeavailablefromprojectswithshortertermssupported3   additionalresearchgrantsinFY2000.Awardsweremadetoacademicresearchinstitutionsin21statesandall   10_DHHS_Ԁregions.Approximately83%ofappropriatedfundswereawardedextramurally.Thebalance H  supportedprogramoperationsandadministration(scientificpersonnel,designofpeerreviewmechanisms, X researchgrantadministration).CDCalsosupporteddevelopmentofsystematicpreventionresearchagendas.  Preventionresearchgeneratesgreatbenefitsforpublichealthpractice,suchasboostingimmunizationrates H amongchildrenoflowincomefamilies;usinggeneticinformationtopreventdisease,disability,anddeathby X findingpersonsatriskandcarryingoutinterventions;anddevelopingwaystosupplyclinicaltests,likePap  smears,tolarge,highriskpopulations.InFY2002,theprogramwillfundinvestigatorinitiatedproposalsfrom  academicinstitutionsthatidentifyresearchneeds,methods,andplansforimplementationoffindingsin H partnershipwithpublichealth_practitioneers_.Atthe$15millionlevel,CDCwillawardanestimated25new X preventionresearchgrants.Theseawardswilltargetthedevelopmentandtestingofcommunitybased  interventionmethods;efficacytrialsofinterventions;andthedissemination,translation,anduptakeofresearch  findingsthatimpactpublichealthpolicyandpractice.Theywillrequirethatthegranteesdemonstratethefull H partnershipofcommunitygroupsinthedesign,analysis,andinterpretationofstudies.# D^)#D  X    ,'5  GoalbyGoalPresentationofPerformance # Df2#D    # D!3#D  x  A_@ d@8APerformanceGoal:Conductresearchtoidentifyandevaluatecommunitybasedprevention i interventions.0 # D~3#D 0 # # 1 # # @2\޾@*z1111!3@*`dd dd dd 2 dd 2 dd `##, dd , dd ,dd ,dd +  /:: /PerformanceMeasure A,!N  ATarget A,!N  AActualPerformance A,!N  ARef 8#!N   8# D4#D Developeffectiveinterventions    topreventordelaydiseaseand j   disability. $* z  $ FY03: MonitorYear1progress    ofFY0204intervention r  projects. 2   FY02: Facilitatedevelopment    ofeffectivecommunitybased z  interventionstoinclude  :  continuedparticipationby J  advisorygroupsandmulti   disciplinaryteamsinsetting z  researchpriorities.  :   FY03 :9/2003    FY02: 9/2002          Page   # D7#D 198# D;#D  j  # D\;#D   : % Disseminateresearchfindingsin & formatsthatencourageuptake N' bydecisionmakers(clinicians, ^( administrators,andlegislators)# D;#D  $) $ FY03:# D<#D  ForFY9901projects, * usespecialformatsto V+ disseminatefindings.  f, FY02: Identifyformatsand . modesofdissemination f/ accessibletodecisionmakers.# DD=#D   &v0 FY03:# D>#D Ԁ 9/2003  1 FY02: 9/2002  5  # D>#D Page 6 # D?#D 198# D?#D  N7  ^<  *`dd dd dd dd dd `##, dd , dd , dd ,dd +  &f<f &Evaluatetheextentof z= disseminationanduptakeof :> researchfindingsonpublic J? healthpracticeandpolicy# D"@#D . $ @ $FY03:# D}B#D  ForFY9901projects, zA devaluateextentof BB disseminationanduptakeof RC findings.  D FY02: Identifymethodsto JF monitor_disemmination_Ԁand bG uptake ofresearchfindingsby "H decisionmakers# DB# D  .  I  FY03:# DD#D Ԁ 9/2003  zJ FY02: 9/2002  N   BQ # D E#D Page zR # DE#D 198# DF#D  :S  :W   Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures :CDCwillobtaindataforthesemeasuresfromanalysesand B!X reportsbytheOfficeofExtramuralPreventionResearch.# DWF#D   "ZY  ,'g Ї GoalsforFY19992001    A_@ d@8APerformanceGoal:0 Strengthentheabilitytoobtainanddisseminateextramuralresearch i findingstopartners,publichealthpractitioners,andthepublicthrougha 1 preventionresearchcommunicationsprogram . I # #  @yv@B1111!.H@*`edd dd dd dd dd `##,( dd , dd ,kdd ,dd +  /BB / PerformanceMeasure A,!V  A Target A,!V  A ActualPerformance A,!V  A Ref. 8#!V   8Developreportingmechanisms    andcommunicationstrategiesto r   ensurethatstudyresultsstimulate 2   newandimproveddisease  B  preventioninterventions.     $2  $ FY01: Assesscommunication   strategiesandtargetsfor z  efficacyandreachtospecific :  audiences.  J  FY00: Develop,approve,and   executeanextramuralresearch   communicationsplan. B    R  FY01: Assessmentnot   completeddueto z  reevaluationof :  communicationstrategies  J  andtargets(currentlyin  ! progress)bynewprogram z " leadership  : #  FY00: Plandevelopedand  % approved;executionphase  & tobecompleted7/2001. B '  FY99: Noreporting R( mechanismsor ) communicationstrategies.  * # DG#D Page  + # DDQ#D 198# DQ#D  r ,   Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures :CDCwillexaminewrittenreportsanddocumentsshowing z, reportingmechanismsandcommunicationstrategiesandreviewpublisheddocuments,includingjournalarticles B- andmassmediaandotherreports. R.  A_@ d@JAPerformanceGoal:0 Increaseinputfromtheexternalscientificcommunityonextramural {1 preventionresearch.C2 # # @2\޾@<1111!`S@*`eded( dd ( dd kdd kdd `##,dd , dd ,~dd ,dd +  /<3< /PerformanceMeasures A,!4 ATargets A,!5 AActualPerformance A,!6 ARef. 8#!7 8Promotetheuseofresearch L8 advisorygroupsandmulti  9 disciplinarycollaborative |: teamstodevelopand <; conductresearch.  L<  $!> $FY01: Promote/facilitate L? promotionofuseofresearch @ advisorygroupsandmulti A disciplinarycollaborativeteamsto DB setresearchpriorities.  TC  FY00: Establishgoalsforuseof !E researchadvisorygroupsand T"F collaborativeteams;useresultsof #dG FY99researchadvisoryprojectsto #$H informfuturepartnershipsand $I programs. T% J  FY99: Promoteuseofresearch &,"L advisorygroups.  '"M FY01: Draftresearch LN prioritiesdevelopedat O PublicHealth P Service/SystemsResearch DQ Meeting,May2001.   TR FY00: !T  Achieved/established T"U researchagendas #dV 6 `},X@lX6 FY99: PRIfundsavailable &,"[ forexternalassessment '"\ andreviewandadvisory d(#] projectsin8_CIOs_Ԁand $)t$^ _ATSDR_.  )4%_  # DQ#D Page L` # Du]# D 198# D]#D   a "93"  93R^2z33  0 "   93R^^݌#<c"#"#  #Ќ  Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures: DatawillbeavailablefrominformationobtainedfromCIO *$&c programannouncements,strategicplans,andFederalRegisterannouncements.Datawillbeverifiedusingdata +&d obtainedthroughsitevisitsandreportstoCDCsCommitteeManagementprogram.  \,'e Ї I   A_@ d@xAPerformanceGoal:0 Disseminateresearchfindingsandotherrelevantinformationfromprevention  researchprogramstopublichealthpractitioners,managedcareorganizations, q andconsumergroups.9 # # @2\޾@21111!`@*`ededdd  dd ~dd ~dd `##, dd , dd ,dd ,<dd +  /22 /PerformanceMeasure A,! ATarget A,! AActualPerformance A,! ARef. 8#! 8 Disseminateresearchfindings  B  byinvestigatorsreceiving    PreventionResearchInitiative r   funds. $2   $FY01: Implementtracking;  B  displayresultsonwebsite.    FY00: Establishdissemination B  goalsandmethodsforPRI  Z fundedprojects,including    numberofpublishedpeer   reviewedstudiesandnumberof J  productsdevelopedand  Z  distributed.        FY01: August2001,project  B statusreportdisplayedon   website.  z  FY00: Developedinitial :  designandplanforwebsite;  R establisheddissemination    goals/80%ofawardswill   submitresultsforpublication B  within1yearofstudy R  completion.   ! FY99: Developedinitial  " designandplanfora J # website.   Z$  # D^#D Page  B% 198# Di#D   & # D j#D "93"  93j2z33  0 "   93jj݌2 ("Z#"Z# Ќ   B - Distributeinformationon ^. availabilityofresearchfindings.  n/  $1 $FY01: Establishwebsite,with ^2 highlightsofselectedPRI &v3 fundedstudiesandlinksto 64 project_websites_Ԁasavailable.  5 FY00: Establishwebsite,with .~7 highlightsofselectedPRI F8 fundedstudiesandlinksto 9 project_websites_Ԁasavailable.  v: FY01: August2001, ^; websitewithlinks &v< established.  6= FY00: Developedinitial 6@ websitedesignandplan; NA contractfordevelopmentby B March2001.  ~C FY99: Developedinitial VE websitedesignand F implementationplan.  G  # Daj#D Page ^H # Do#D 198# Dp#D  nI "93"  93|p2z33  0 "   93|pp݌#K"Z#"Z#  #Ќ  Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures :Datawillbeavailablefromgranteeapplicationsfor >L new/continuationfunds,granteeprogressreports,and_bibliometric_Ԁstudies.Datawillbeverifiedthroughsite  VM visitsandpublishedreports.    N  I      4  `     h      p  I      4  ` @77+7 I      4  `     h      p  I      4  `     h      p    ,(^  I      4  `     h      p      x A_@ d@0APerformanceGoal:Strengthenthescopeandnatureofextramuralpublichealthresearchprograms.  a @yv@Z1111!Wu@*`eded dd dd dd <dd <`##,A dd ,` dd ,dd ,9dd +  &ZZ & PerformanceMeasures / / Targets / / ActualPerformance / / Ref. / /Expandthescopeofpublichealth  j researchto  *  _multidisciplinary_Ԁresearchefforts    thatbridgethegapbetween Z   publichealthpractice,public  j  healthresearch,_bioethics_,and  *  healthpolicyresearch.     $n  $ FY00: Expandthescopeof  j publichealthresearch.   2 FY99: Expandthescopeof j  publichealthresearch.  2   FY00: Achieved/funded  j publichealthlawprojects.   2 FY99: Fundedprojects j  with_multidisciplinary_ 2  teams;funded2career  B developmentawards;    fundedreviewofprevention r  researchtrainingprograms.  2  # DGp#D Page  j # D|#D 198# D+}#D   *  "93"  93}2z33  0 "   93}}݌#Z ""Z#"Z#  #Ќ  Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures :Datawillbeavailablefromprogramannouncements, : # FederalRegisterannouncements,granteeprogressreports,andreportstotheCDCDirectoronCDCfunded  $ trainingprograms.Datawillbeverifiedthroughsitevisits. r %  I A_@ d@:APerformanceGoal:Increasecollaborationsfocusingoninnovativeinterventionmethodsthatprovide k* resultstostate,local,andcommunitybasedorganizationsthroughCDCsPreventionResearchCenters 3+ Programandpreventionresearchdemonstrationprojects. K, @yv@D1111!@ *`ededA dd A ` dd ` dd 9dd 9`##, dd , dd ,dd ,dd +  /D-D / PerformanceMeasure A,!X. A Target A,!X/ A ActualPerformance A,!X0 A Ref. 8#!X1 8Developandimplementa 2 researchcommunicationsplan t3 toensurerapiddiffusionof 44 informationoninterventions, D5 outcomes,scope,andmethods 6 topublicandprivatepublic t7 healthorganizations;allgrantees 48 willbesubjecttoannual D9 assessmentsoftheirworkto  : disseminatefindings/best t!; practices. 4"<  $#> $ FY01: Implementatleast3 ? recommendationsrelatedto |@ diffusionoffindings. <A  FY00: Makekey  $G recommendationsavailablefor !H reviewandcommentby \"I organizationsandotherfederal #lJ agencies;conductthefirst #,K annualassessmentofgrantee $L disseminationactivitiesand \% M outcomes.  &l!N  FY01: March2001, O reviewedcommunications |P plan.June2001,reviewed <Q year1progressreports. LR Delayeddisseminationsof  S findingsbecausefewtobe |T reportedbefore10/2002. <U  FY00: Revisedresearch  W communicationsplan; !X availableforreview3/2001; D"Y progressreportrequested #TZ 10/2000. #[  FY99: Noplanfor &"_ assessment/reviewof '"` researchdisseminationand L(#a diffusionactivities.  )\$b    ,\'f # Dp}#D Page g # DP#D 198# D#D  th "93"  93&2z33  0 \"   93&S݌ B-"Dj\"Z#\"Z# BЌ  PerformanceMeasure A,!d A Target A,!d A ActualPerformance A,!d A Ref. 8#!d 8Trackandanalyzediffusionand p disseminationactivitiesforall 0 PRIextramuralandintramural @ projects. $ $ FY01: Trackandanalyze p  diffusionanddissemination 8  activitiesforextramuraland H  intramuralprojects.    FY00: Performinitialmonitoring  H ofdiffusionanddissemination   activitiesusingmediamonitoring   and_bibliometric_Ԁservices,to @  providebaselinedatafor P  projectsfundedinFY99.     FY01: June2001,analyzed p year1 8 diffusion/dissemination H activities.Fewstudieswere  complete.  x  FY00: Notdone/changein  P programpriorities.    # D#D Page p # D{#D 198# Dג#D  0 "93"  93Q2z33  0 \"   93Q~݌# \"Z#\"Z#  #Ќ  Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures :DatawillbeavailablefromannualinventoryofPRIfunded x ! projects,reportsfromprojectofficers,granteeprogressreports,andexternalinformationsystems(media @ " monitoringandbibliographic/metric),andwillbeverifiedthroughinterviewswithmanagers. P #  I   # D#D &%DIIC.1fNationalElectronicDiseaseSurveillanceSystem(_NEDSS_)#D%&#  @& Publichealthsurveillance!theongoing,systematiccollection,analysis,andinterpretationofhealthrelateddata 0( !isthefoundationofCDCsprogramstoprotectthehealthofAmericans.Publichealthsurveillanceisessential ) toprogramplanning,implementation,andevaluation.Publichealthsurveillanceisneededtodetectoutbreaks, `* epidemics,and_bioterrorist_Ԁevents.Currentsystemsareneithercompletenorefficient,butCDCisusing  p+ advancesininformationtechnologytoimprovepublichealthsurveillance. 0,  I CDChasbeeninstrumentalindevelopingapublichealthconceptualdatamodelandguidelinesthatrecommend `. aminimumsetofdemographicdatathatshouldbecollectedaspartofroutinepublichealthsurveillance.Asa  p/ resultofthiseffort,inFY2000,CDCcreatedtheNationalElectronicDiseaseSurveillanceSystem(_NEDSS_)with 00 $20millionmadeavailableforthispurpose.Approximately$10millionwasusedtosetupthenecessaryCDC 1 infrastructure,suchastraining,hardware,andsoftwareforthesystem.Theremainderwasawardedtostatesto `2 begindevelopment.InFY2000,CDCfunded14statesfor_NEDSS_Ԁdevelopmentand32statesand3large  p3 metropolitanareasforassessmentofcurrenthealthdepartmentinformationsystemsandwaystoimplement 04 _NEDSS_Ԁspecificationsandstandards.InFY2001,approximately$29millionwasawardedtocontinue 5 developmentofthe_NEDSS_Ԁinfrastructure. ` 6 _NEDSS_Ԁisplannedasanational,integrated,standardsbasedpublichealthsurveillanceinfrastructurethatwill:1) !08 allowrapidreportingofdiseasetrendstocontroloutbreaks,2)createpublicandprivatehealthcaresector "9 linkagestoincreasethevolume,accuracy,completeness,andtimelinessofthedataavailablefordisease `#: monitoring,and3)providelocalhealthdepartmentswithInternetaccesstopermitrapidsharingofinformationon  $p; infectiousdiseaseoutbreaks,_bioterrorist_Ԁincidents,andotherhealththreats._NEDSS_Ԁwillresultinsolutionsthat $0 < canbegeneralized,whetherinsystemsdevelopedbystatesorCDC._NEDSS_Ԁstandardsarealsoconsistentwith % = relevantsoftwareindustrystandardstofacilitateuseofcommercialsoftwareproductswhenappropriate.. `&!> Toimplement_NEDSS_,CDCis:1)developingandimplementingnationaldatastandardsforpublichealth '0#@ surveillanceandreporting,2)providingtechnicalinfrastructuresupportforstateandlocalcommunities,3) (#A establishinglocal,state,andregionaldemonstrationprojectsthatcreatelinkagesbetweenthepublichealthand `)$B healthcaredatasystems,and4)providingstandardsandtechnicalassistancetomaintainstringentsecurity  *p%C standardstoprotectconfidentiality. *0&D  `,'F  PerformanceSummary   CDCmetgoalsforFY2000inallareas,andanticipatefundingmorestatesinFY2001tomeet_NEDSS_goals. x The14statesfundedinFY2000receivedlevelfundingforFY2001tocontinuedevelopmentofsurveillance 8 systemsintheirstates.However,amajorityoftheextramuralFY2001fundingwillnotbecompleteduntil H September30,2001.WithsomeoftheFY2001funds,CDChasworkedtodevelopthe_NEDSS_ԀBaseSystem  whichwillbeavailabletosomestatesthatrequestitduringthisfundingcycle.Inaddition,CDCcontinuedto x supportelectronicmessagedevelopment,membershipinpublichealthstandardsorganizations,andintegration 8  ofdiseasespecificsystemsintothe_NEDSS_Ԁarchitecture.   H GoalbyGoalPresentationofPerformance      A_@ d@ XAӀPerformanceGoal:0 Developanational,integrated,standardsbasedpublichealthsurveillance 9   infrastructurethatissecurelylinkedtohealthcarepractice. Q  # # @cv@J 1111!@*`ded dd dd dd dd `##, dd ,u dd ,dd ,dd +  /J J  /PerformanceMeasure A,!^  ATarget A,!^  AActualPerformance A,!^  ARef. 8#!^  8Conductpilotprojectstodevelop   andtestelectroniclinkages z  betweenpublichealthagencies :  andthehealthcaresector. J  $  $ FY03: Fund10states    FY02: Fund10states.    FY01: Fund5states. J   FY00: Fund1state.  R  FY03:   FY02:   FY01: Refundedsame14 J  statesatsamelevel. b!  FY00 :Funded14statesto "" buildcapacityforlinkages. #  FY99: 0  Z$ # Dȕ#D Page  % # Dr#D 198# Dί#D  z & "93"  93J2z33  0 "   93Jw݌ 9$"z*"Z#"Z# 9Ќ  Increasethenumberofstates + usingelectroniclaboratory v, reporting. $6- $ FY03: 40states  . FY02: 30states  ~/ FY01: 15states F0  FY00: 10states  3  FY03: 4 FY02 : ~5  FY01: 15statesareusing F6 electroniclaboratory ^7 reporting. 8  FY00: 10(baseline)  9 # D#D Page : # Dg#D 198# Dó#D  v; "93"  93=2z33  0 "   93=j݌  9$"F="Z#"Z# 9Increasethepercentageofstate :> based,CDCdeveloped ? surveillancesystemsthat j@ implementenhancedsecurity *zA measuresforreportingmost :B publichealthsurveillancedata. $C $ FY02: 100%  :D FY01: 󀀀80% E  FY00: 󀀀20% :!K   "RL  FY02: :M FY01: 80%ofstatebased, N CDCdevelopedsurveillance zO systemshaveimplemented :P enhancedsecuritymeasures JQ formostpublichealth  R surveillancedata. z S  FY00: Projectsfunded9/00. :!T  FY99: 10%  "RU # D#D Page :V # Dx#D 198# Dո#D  W "93 "  93O2z33  0 "   93O|݌  **zY"Z#"Z# *IncreasethepercentageofCDC ^#Z developed,webbased $n[ surveillancesystemsthat $. \ implementenhancedsecurity % ] messagesfortransmissionof ^&!^ caseleveldata. $'n"_ $ FY02: 100%  ^#` FY01: 󀀀80% &$va  FY00 :20% (#g   6*%i  FY02:  ^#j  FY01: 80%ofCDC &$vk developed,webbased $> l surveillancesystemshave % m implementedenhanced n&!n securitymessagesfor .'~"o transmissionofcaselevel '>#p data. (#q  FY00: DevelopedSecure n)$r DataNetwork(_SDN_) 6*%s  FY99: 10% *F&t   +'u # D#D Page ^#v # D޽#D 198# D;#D  $nw "93 "  932z33  0 "   93݌  # D##% y"Z#"Z#  # D  ,'y vYa>.*lx `EeeJ v ##    ##TotalProgramFunding(Dollarsinthousands)     FY2003: 0 4 $130,0880 4#4#0 # #(Estimate)##  FY2002: 0 4 $130,6740 4#4#0 # #(CurrentEstimate)` ##  FY2001: 0 4 $125,4590 4#4#0 # #(Actual)( x##  Mandate     CDCsNationalCenterforHealthStatistics(_NCHS_)isthenations# D#D Ԁprincipalhealthstatisticsorganization._NCHS_ x   collectsandanalyzesdataanddisseminatesinformationtoguideactionsandpoliciesthatimprovethehealthof 8   Americans.  H  # D'#D Inordertomeet_NCHS_missionandtoassistintheattainmentofCDCand_DHHS_missions,aswellasfulfillits x  legislativeintent,_NCHS_broadprogramgoalsare:# Dr#D   8   R9GHIJKLMD(Axy 9GHIJKLMD"93"  932A3  0 I   Monitortrendsinthenationshealththroughhighqualitydatasystemsaddressingissuesrelevantto   decisionmakers. _NCHS_Ԁdatasystemsmonitorabroadrangetrendsandissueskeytounderstandingthe   healthofAmericansandthenationalhealthcaresystem.Topicsrangefromtrendsinmortality,teen P childbearing,healthinsurancecoverage,asthmarates,andnursinghomeusage.Understandingthiswide ` rangeofissuesallowsforagreaterunderstandingofhealthandthehealthcaresystem.Thesedatasystems   arealsoinstrumentalinprovidingdatafortheHealthyPeople2010initiative.93݌I#I# Ќ  / XXXD/D "93"  93w2A3  0 I   # DX#D Improvethenationsvitalstatisticssystem. Thebackboneofthehealthdata,thenationalvitalstatistics T systemisinneedofmodernizationandimprovements.Throughworkingwithstates,_NCHS_Ԁwillstriveto l createanelectronicbirthanddeathregistrationsystem.# D#D  93w݌,I#I# Ќ  "93"  932A3  0 I   Improveracialandethnicdataforprogrammaticandpolicydecisionmaking. Whiledataisavailablefor  mostofthelargeracialandethnicgroups,thereislittleornodataavailableforsmallerpopulationgroups. d Moredataisneededtobetterunderstandtheneedsandrisksforawidearrayofpopulationgroups. 93@݌$tI#I# Ќ  # D#D "93"  93}2A3  0 I   Delivertimelydatatothenationshealthdecisionmakers. Inordertohaveanaccurateunderstandingof 4 thehealthoftheNation,datamustbeprocessedandanalyzedinatimelymanner.Tomakedatamore  useable,itiscriticalforreleasetooccurmuchmorequicklythaninthepast,reducingthetimebetweendata l collectionanddatarelease. 93}݌,| I#I# Ќ  "93"  932A3  0 I   Disseminatehealthdataininnovativeways. Itisimportantfor_NCHS_Ԁtocontinuallyimproveaccessibility <! andcontinuetocreatenewandinnovativewaystodisseminatedatatomeettheneedsofourusers,as_NCHS_ " dataisnecessaryforprogrammaticandpolicydecisionmaking.# D^#D  93݌t#I#I# Ќ  # D#D  I  Problem  !& Publichealthprofessionalsandpolicymakersneedtimely,complete,andreliableinformationontheamount, |"' distributionandeffectsofillnessanddisabilityintheUnitedStates.Theyalsoneedtoidentifyandmonitortrends <#( inmedicalconditions,riskbehaviorsandriskfactors,healthhabits,environmentalexposures,andemerging #L) publichealthissuesandtechnologies. $ *   Strategies,Activities,andResources  &L"-  Through_NCHS_,CDCcollectsandanalyzeshealthdataanddisseminateshealthinformationthroughmany '#. venues.Theseinclude: (#/ NationalVitalStatisticsSystem:_NVSS_Ԁisthesourceofthenationsbirthanddeathstatistics.Thecollectionand *T%1 registrationofthesevitaleventsaregovernedbythelawsofstatesandregistrationareas.Vitalrecordsand *&2 reportsoriginatewithhospitals,physicians,andfuneraldirectors.Recordsarecompiledbythestatesand +&3 forwardedtoCDC. D,'4  -T(5 NationalHealthInterviewSurvey:_NHIS_Ԁobtainsinformationonthehealthstatusofthenationthrough  confidentialhouseholdinterviews.Interviewerscollectinformationeachyearontopicssuchashealthstatus, p healthinsurancecoverage,utilizationofhealthcare,accesstohealthcare,causesofinjury,immunizationrates, 0 andHIVtestingpractices. 4)#D####D#DDDDDDDD  Thedataareusedbyhealthagenciesandorganizationstoplanandmonitorhealth @ policiesandprograms 4)rWDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD  .  NationalSurveyofFamilyGrowth: 4)#D####D#DDDDDDDD  TheNationalSurveyofFamilyGrowth(_NSFG_)usesthesampleofthe_NHIS_. 0  Amultipurposesurvey,the_NSFG_Ԁconsistsofpersonalinterviewswithanationalsampleofwomenand,forthe  @ firsttime,men1544yearsofageintheciviliannoninstitutionalizedpopulationoftheUnitedStates.Itsmain   functionistocollectdataonfactorsaffectingpregnancyandreproductivehealthintheUnitedStates.Dataare p   currentlybeinggatheredinthefield. 4)|DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD  # Dv#!) j$ ! 0   # $)jb#D NationalHealthNutritionandExaminationSurvey:_NHANES_Ԁistheonlynationalsourceofobjectivelymeasured   healthdatacapableofprovidingaccurateestimatesofbothdiagnosedandundiagnosedmedicalconditionsin p  thepopulation.Throughphysicalexaminations,clinicalandlaboratorytests,andinterviews,_NHANES_Ԁassesses 0  thehealthstatusofarepresentativesampleofU.S.adultsandchildren.Mobileexamcenterstravelthroughout @  thecountrytocollectdataonchronicconditions,nutritionalstatus, behavioralriskfactors,dentalhealth,vision,    andotherfactorsthatcannotbeassessedbyuseofinterviewsalone.Findingsfromthissurveyareessentialfor p  determiningratesofmajordiseasesandhealthconditionsandfordevelopingpublichealthpoliciesand 0  interventions. @ NationalHealthCareSurvey:_NHCS_Ԁprovidesapictureofhowhospitals,emergencyandoutpatient p departments,ambulatorysurgerycenters,nursinghomes,hospices,andofficebasedphysiciansdeliverhealth 0 careonarotatingorperiodicbasis.Thesurveyisarichsourceofdataonhealthcareutilizationand @ characteristicsofpatientsandproviders.CDCconstitutesasignificantresourceformonitoringhealthcareuse,  theimpactofmedicaltechnology,andthequalityofcareprovidedtoachangingU.S.population. p CDCdataareusedfordecisionmakingandresearch.Tosupporttheseuses,CDCmakesitsdataavailable @ throughavarietyofmechanisms.TheseincludeCDCand_DHHS_Ԁpublications,articlesinpeerreviewed  journals,deidentifiedelectronicdatasets,andelectronicaccesstosummaryreportsviatheInternet.CDCalso p servesasaresourceforotheragenciesandthepubliconstatisticalmethods,analytictechniques,anddata 0 sources.CDCusesallreasonablemethods,technologies,andlegislativeauthoritytoprotecttheprivacyand @ confidentialityofcitizenswhoparticipateinitssurveys.   # D#D BiomedicalresearchalsodependsonCDCs_NCHS_Ԁdata.Highqualitydataareessentialtoresearchers, 0" assistingtheminsettingresearchpriorities,informingmedicalhypotheses,andevaluatingclinicalfindingsusing @# nationallyrepresentativebenchmarks._NCHS_Ԁsurveys,suchasthe_NHANES_,allowresearcherstoapplya $ findingfromlimitedclinicalsettingtoabroadpopulationcontext.Inordertounderstandtheimpactofaclinical p % discovery,_NCHS_Ԁdatadescribetheimpactandburdenwithinthenationalpopulation._NCHS_Ԁsurveysalsohelp 0!& totrackthediffusionoftechnology,procedures,andmedicines,aswellaspreventiontechniques,throughthe !@' healthcaresystem.# D#D  "( CDCdatasystemsandrelatedactivitiessupport_DHHS_Ԁprogramsandpoliciesbyprovidinghealthinformationfor 0$* identifyingandunderstandinghealthproblems,trackinggoals,andevaluatingprograms.Forexample,CDC $@ + datasupportthefollowing_DHHS_Ԁpriorities:1)addressingracialandethnicdifferentialsinhealth,byproviding %!, datatoidentifyproblemsandtrackprogress;2)implementingHP2010byprovidingtheunderlyingdata p&!- infrastructureforsettingtargetsandtrackingprogressinmeetinghealthobjectives;and3)supporting_GPRA_Ԁby 0'". providingdatatoidentifyactionareasandbyprovidingneutral,objectivetrackingdatausedacross_DHHS_ '@#/ agencies. ($0  I      4  p,'5 Ї Linksto_DHHS_ԀStrategicPlan # D#+DXXX +  ThemissionofCDCs_NCHS_Ԁislinkedto_DHHS_ԀGoal1:Reducemajorthreatstothehealthandproductivityofall x Americans;Goal5:Improvethenationspublichealthsystems(Objective5.1);Goal2:Improvetheeconomic < andsocialwellbeingofindividuals,families,andcommunitiesintheUnitedStates(Objectives2.5and2.6);Goal P 3:Improveaccesstohealthservicesandensuretheintegrityofthenationshealthentitlementandsafetynet  programs(Objectives3.13.3,3.6,3.9);Goal4:Improvethequalityofhealthcareandhumanservices  (Objectives4.1and4.4);/ XXXD-/+DXXX +ԀandGoal6:Strengthenthenationshealthscienceresearchenterpriseandenhanceits L  productivity(Objectives6.16.3,6.66.7).  ` / XXXD/+DXXX + Partnerships      CDCcollaborateswiththe_DHHS_ԀDataCouncil,theNationalCommitteeonVitalandHealthStatistics, \   representativesfromthestates,usersofCDCdatainthepublicandprivatesectors,andotherfederalagencies.  l  Closecooperationwithstatevitalstatisticsofficesensuretimelyreportingofdata.  ,   I      4  `  &%DPresentationofPerformance  l  /&0"%XXX%&/+&%XXX"%&0+ ProvidingCredibleInformationtoEnhanceHealthDecisions#D%&#  $   PerformanceSummary l  CDCmetorexceededallhealthstatisticsperformancemeasuresforFY2000andmostforFY2001./ XXXDh/D Withthe 4 returnof_NHANES_Ԁtofieldoperations,allfourof_NCHS_majordatasystemsareinoperation,addingacritical D dimensiontotheabilitytomonitortrendsinthenationshealth.CDCestablished_NHANES_Ԁasanongoing!  insteadofperiodic!surveywithitsreturntothefieldin1999.Anew,automated,stateoftheart t communicationsinfrastructurecollectsandprocessesall_NHANES_Ԁdata,nearlyeliminatingtheneedforpaper 4 formsandmanualcoding.InFY2000,_NHANES_Ԁhasinterviewedandexaminedapproximately5,000individuals D in15scientificallyselectedcommunitiesacrossthenationtogeneratenationalestimates.Thissamesample  sizehasbeenobtainedinFY2001andisexpectedtobemaintainedinFY2002.# D#D  t # D/#+DXXX +ThemostrecenttopicalfocusofStatesandLocalAreaIntegratedTelephoneSurvey(_SLAITS_)beganfield D testingin1999andbeganfullimplementationinFall2000._SLAITS_Ԁwillprovidedatato50statesandtheDistrict  ofColumbiaonchildrenunder18withspecialhealthcareneeds.Itwillalsoprovidestatespecificestimatesof t healthinsurancecoverageforallchildrenandnationalestimatesforthereasonslowincomeuninsuredchildren 4  arenotenrolledinMedicaidortheStateChildrensHealthInsuranceProgram(_SCHIP_).InFY2001,CDC D! continuedtoprovidenecessarytechnicalassistancetothesurvey./ XXXD/D ԀDatacollectionwillendinFY2002andadata " filewillbereleasedtothepublicinfall2002# D!#+DXXX +.In2002,asurveyofasthmaprevalenceandtreatmentwillbe t# conductedin4states._SLAITS_Ԁmodulesarepartnershipsbetween_NCHS_Ԁandsponsororganizations.In2001, 4 $ partnersincludedHealthResourcesandServicesAdministration(_HRSA_),MaternalandChildHealthBureau  D% (_MCHB_),NationalCenterforEnvironmentalHealth(CDC/_NCEH_)andtheAssistantSecretaryforPlanningand !& Evaluation(_ASPE_). t"'  CDCs_NCHS_Ԁexceededthe5%reductionintimelagforthereleaseofdatafromthemajordatasystems.This #D) goalwillbemaintainedtoensurecontinuousimprovementinthetimelinessofCDCdata.Final1998birthdata $ * werereleasedinMarch2000,15monthsaftertheendofdatacollection.Thisisa17%reductionfromthe t% + baselineof18months./ XXXD/D InFY2001,CDCmetorexceededthe5%reductionintimelagforthereleaseofdata 4&!, fromthemajordatasystemsformostelements.Preliminary2000vitalstatisticsdatawerereleasedinJuly2001 &D"- Єjust7monthsafterdatacollection!twomonthsearlierthananticipated.FinalHospitalDischargedatawere '#. releasedinjust14months,a33%reductionfrombaselineof21monthsand4monthssoonerthananticipated. t(#/ Earlyreleaseofselectedestimatesforthe2000andearly2001NationalHealthInterviewSurveysinjust9 )D%1 monthsofdatacollection.Selectedelementsincludedataoninsurancecoverage,_pneumococcal_Ԁvaccination, *&2 obesity,andparticipationinleisuretimephysicalactivities.Final1999mortalitydatawerereleasedin21months t+&3 insteadoftheplanned18months!3monthslongerthananticipatedbuta19%reductionfromthebaselineof 4,'4 26months.Thisdelaywasdueinparttoamajorchangeinthecodingsystemthroughtheimplementationofthe ,D(5 10threvisiontotheInternationalClassificationofDiseases(_ICD_Ԁ10),usedtocategorizecauseofdeath.# D #D ԀCDCis  workingwithstatesandotherpartners# D=#D Ԁoneffortstodevelopelectronicbirthanddeathregistrationsystemsto p improvethetimelinessandaccuracyofvitalstatisticsdata./ XXXD/D ԀItisanticipatedthatthedelayindatarelease# D#D Ԁwill 0 continueinFY2002withthe2000finalmortality# D#D Ԁdatabecauseofthe_ICD_Ԁ10implementation.# D# @ D CDCs_NCHS_Ԁhasproducedandreleaseddatainnewformatstodocumenttrend,issues,andproblemsinhealth. x TheAdolescentHealth_Chartbook_,partofHealth,UnitedStates,2000,documentschangesinhealthstatusby 8  singleyearofageformanyofthemeasuresofadolescenthealth.Findingsshowedthatdeathratesformotor  L vehicletrafficrelatedinjuriesamongfemaleadolescentsincreasedfrom3.1to22.2/100,000femalesages10   and18,respectively.Formaleadolescents,theratesincreasedfrom4.87to46.7/100,000inmalesages10and |   18,respectively.Deathratesforfirearmrelatedinjuriesalsoincreasedsubstantiallywithage:forfemale <   adolescents,therateincreasedfrom0.5deaths/100,000at11yearsofageto5.2/100,000at18years;formale  L  adolescents,therateof1.8/100,000at11yearsto49.8/100.000at19yearsrepresentsa28foldincrease.# DQ#+DXXX +Ԁ   InFY2001,CDCreleasedanupdatedHealth,UnitedStates,whichfeatureda_Chartbook_ԀonRuralandUrban <  Health.Thisannualreportonthenationshealthincludedinformationonhealthstatus,healthcareutilization, P  healthcareresourcesandexpenditures,aswellasthelatestandtrenddataonabout200majorhealth   indicators.ThereportshowedthatAmericansarehealthiertodaythan25yearsago,therewaslongerlife   expectancy,betterinfantsurvival,fewersmokers,lesshypertensionandlowercholesterollevels.Thisyears @  urbanandruralhealth_chartbook_Ԁ# D#D showeddifferencesinhealthdependinguponwhetheronelivesinahighly P urbanizedarea,thesuburbs,orinruralAmerica.Americanswholiveinthesuburbsoflargemetropolitanareas  generallyfarebestonhealthmeasures,andresidentsofthemostruralandmosturbanareasfacethegreatest  challengessuchashighermortalityrates,prevention,riskyhealthbehaviors,andaccesstohealthcare.&%DԀ#D%&#ԀHealth @ UnitedStates,2002willfeature# D*#D TrendsinHealthoftheNation# D#D ./ XXXD) /+DXXX +Theexpectedreleaseforthisdocumentislate h summer,2002. , ThroughtheResearchDataCenter,CDChasmadevitalresearchdata,includingdatafromsmallgeographic \ areasmoretimely,relevant,andaccessibletoapprovedresearchers.The_RDC_Ԁprovidesasecureenvironment l forresearchandanalysiswithoutcompromisingtheconfidentialityofrespondents._RDC_Ԁdatafacilitated:1)a , studyofdifferencesinagespecifichospitaladmissionratesforbreastcancerbetweenwhiteandAfrican  Americanwomen;2)investigationofpossiblecausalrelationshipsbetweenhighereducationandincreasedlife \ expectancy;and3)developmentofaneconomicmodeltoexplaintheincidenceofsexualactivity,contraceptive l use,_STDs_,andpregnancyamongteenagegirls./ XXXDy /+DXXX +Ԁ# D$#+DXXX + ,  # D%#+DXXX +CDChastakenadvantageoftechnologicaladvances,suchasuseoftheInternet,tomakedatamoretimelyand \" accessibletousers./ XXXD{%/+DXXX +ԀVirtuallyall_NCHS_ԀpublicationsareavailableontheInternetconcurrentwiththeirreleasein l# publishedform(orearlier)!anobjectiveaccomplishedfaraheadofschedule.Forthefirsttime,chartsfrom ,$ Health,UnitedStates,2000wasupdatedontheInternet,makingdatamoretimelyandaccessibleandspeeding  % thereleaseofdataonhighprioritytopics./ XXXDl&/D ԀInFY2001,_NCHS_ԀhaslaunchedanewEarlyReleaseinitiative, `!& allowingdataonkeyhealthindicatorsfromtheNationalHealthInterviewSurvey(_NHIS_)whichwasreleased  "p' aheadofschedule.# D(#D CDChasestablished(andcontinuestoimprove)anelectronicdatawarehouseonTrendsin "0( HealthandAging.Thiswebenabledtoolservesasasourceforuptodateinformationonthehealthofolder #) Americans,specificallydesignedtoshowtrendsinhealthrelatedbehaviors,healthstatus,healthcareutilization, `$* andcostofcarefortheolderpopulationintheUnitedStates.Usingthiswarehouse,userscanretrieveand  %p + displaytabularinformation,generategraphics,andcreatecustomizedtables.Informationcanalsobe %0!, downloadedforuseontheusersPC.# D)#*   &!- #  *,#D  I      4  `     h  ,'5 Ї GoalbyGoalPresentationofPerformance  6D  #D 6-# A_@ d@8APerformanceGoal:0 Monitortrendsinthenationshealththroughhighqualitydatasystems i addressingissuesrelevanttodecisionmakers. 1 # # @v@*z1111!V.@*"`#dd dd u dd u dd dd `##, dd ,p dd , dd ,dd +  /*z*z / PerformanceMeasure A,! A Target A,! A ActualPerformance A,! A Ref. A,! AConductongoingsurveys  :  anddatasystemsthat    producedetailedtrenddata j   formonitoringhealth. 9/!* z  9 FY03: 4datasystems   :  FY02: 4datasystems    FY01: 4datasystems z   FY00: 4 datasystems B   FY99: 4 datasystems  Z # D1-#+DXXX + 9/! "  9 FY03:  : FY02:     FY01: Achieved z   FY00: Achieved B   FY99: Achieved  Z / XXXD+4/D  FY97: 3(baseline) 9/! "  9Page  : 131 A,!  ADevelop,test,andsupport .~  _SLAITS_. >   9/!n" 9 FY03: Providemanagement, .~ # oversight,technicalsupportto F $ prospective_SLAITS_Ԁusers.   % FY02: Providemanagement, v & oversight,technicalsupportto > ' prospective_SLAITS_Ԁusers.  N( FY01: Providemanagement, ) oversight,technicalassistanceto * prospective_SLAITS_Ԁusers. F+  FY00: Providemanagement, V, oversight,technicalcoordinationfor - asurveyonchildrenwithspecial . healthcareneeds. N/  FY99: Develop_SLAITS_;pretestin ^0 3sites,including1Indian &1 reservation. 9/!2 9 FY03: .~ 3 FY02:  6 FY01: Achieved .9  FY00: Achieved &v<  FY99: Achieved n?  9/!6@ 9Page .~ A 131# D{5#D  A,!> B ADevelopnewmonitoring :C toolstoaddressemerging D topics.# D;#+DXXX + jE  9/!*zF 9 FY03: Providemanagement :G oversightandtechnicalsupportto H prospectiveusersofCommunity rI HealthandNutritionExamination 2J Survey(_CHANES_).  BK FY02: Refineplanstoimplement z M newtoolstoassessracial/ethnic B!N dataandotherkeyhealthissues.  "RO FY01: Move_NHANES_Ԁtoan #Q ongoingdatasystem./ XXXD</+DXXX + R$R  FY00: CompleteYear1of %"!T _NHANES_Ԁdatacollectionusing &!U automatedsurvey,examination, Z'"V andlaboratorymethods./ XXXD?/+DXXX + (j#W  FY99: Finalizedevelopmentof )$Y _NHANES_;conductapretest./ XXXD@/+DXXX + 9/!b*%Z 9 FY03: :[ FY02: # DA#D Transitiontonewrace  a categoriesasindicatedin b!b OMBClassificationSystem# DzB#+DXXX +  ""rc FY01: Achieved #e  FY00: Achieved %B!h  FY99: Conductedpretest; ) %m fieldedsurvey./ XXXD/C/D  *%n  9/!,R'p 9! ! 9GHIJKLM(zxxR9GHIJKLMDPage :q  R9GHIJKLM(Axx9GHIJKLMD131# D / Target /> / ActualPerformance /> / Ref /> /#Dc#Reducetimelagsfor : releaseofcoredata J systemsby5%.LR&D     $R$ $ FY03: Maintaintimelagofdatareleaseat#a%(&LR$a#+LR&XXX(a%+Ԁ2002 :% level  &&  VitalStatistics(VS):ReleasePreliminary2002 r ' datain 9 monthsfromendofdatacollection  ^( period ;  Releasefinal2001Natalitydatawithin16   ) months, 16%reductionfrombaseline ; Release F * final2000mortalitydatawithin18 months, 30 %  2+ reductionfrombaseline .  ~ ,  HealthInterviewSurvey:Releaseselecteddata  j- within6monthsofcollectionandcompletedata   . setwithin18months, a30%reductionfrom R / baseline . > 0  FY02: Reducetimelagofdatareleaseby5%. &v 2 VitalStatistics(VS): Releaseof2000final  3 mortalitydatain 18months ora 30%reduction  ^ 4 frombaseline; releaseof2000finalnatalitydatain J 5  16months oran 11%reduction frombaseline;  6 preliminaryVS2001dataavailable within9 27 months ora 10%reduction frombaseline. 8 HealthCareSurveys: Releaseof2000National j9 HospitalDischargeSurveydatain 18months or V: a 14%reduction frombaseline. ; HealthInterviewSurveys: Releaseof2000 >< NationalHealthInterviewSurveydatain 20 *= months ora 23%reduction frombaseline./a%(XXX&LRf/+LR&XXX(a%+  v> FY01: VitalStatistics:Release1999mortality @ datain18months,30%reductionandnatality JA datain16months11%reduction;make 6B preliminary2000dataavailablein9mos,10% C reduction. nD HealthCareSurveys:Release1999_NHDS_Ԁdata  E in18months,14%reductionfrombaseline./a%(XXX&LRl/+LR&XXX(a%+ VF HealthInterviewSurveys:Release1999_NHIS_ BG datain20mos.(23%reduction). H  FY00: ReducetimelaginreleaseoffinalVSby2 J months.Note:Dataarecurrentlyreleasedwithin bK 21monthsaftertheendofdatacollectionyear. NL  FY99: Reducetimelaginreleaseofcoredata 6!N systemsby5%. !"O   n"P  #D&LR8e#FY03: 11/2003LR&D  :Q #D&LRq#FY02: 11/2002  . [ FY01: / XXXDo/D  LR&D Metorexceededallexcept vf releaseof2000FinalMortalitydata. >g Datawerereleasedin21months,a *h 19%reductionfrombaseline.  vi #D&LRr#FY00: Achieved Jo  FY99 :VitalStatistics:1997LR&D  q mortalitydatain18mos.(30% R!r reduction)andnatalitydatain16 !>s mos.(11%reduction);prelim.1995 "t datain10mos.(11%reduction). &#vu HealthCareSurveys:1997_NHDS_ #v datain20mos.(5%reduction). ^$w HealthInterviewSurveys: $J x 1997_NHIS_Ԁdatain20mos.(23% % y reduction). 2&!z  FY96 :Baseline: &"{ VitalStatistics:1993mortalitydatain j'"| 26mos;1994natalitydatain18 (V#} mos;prelim.1995datain10mos. (#~ HealthCareSurveys:1995_NHDS_ >)$ datain21mos. )*% HealthInterviewSurveys: v*% 1994_NHIS_Ԁdatain26mos. +b& HealthExaminationSurveys: +& _NHANES_ԀIII2ndhalf(19911994)in J,' 31months.  ,6( #D&LRs#Page : 131LR&D#a%(&LRYr#LR&(a% J      #D&LRx# A_@ d@pAPerformanceGoal:Disseminatehealthdataininnovativeways.   @v@1111!y@*,`-dddd " dd " dd Xdd X*`+##, dd ,A dd ,dd ,dd +  & & PerformanceMeasure /N / Target /N / ActualPerformance /N / Ref. /N /Makehealthstatistics Z availableviatheInternet.  j  $j  $ # D>y#D FY03: Maintaincurrentproducts./ XXXD}/+DXXX +  Z FY02: Developatleastonenew " r productfortheInternet.(Target  : wasincreasedbasedonabilityto   domore.)# D~#D   j   FY01: Developatleastonenew * z productfortheInternet.  B  FY00: Monthlyvitalstatistics    availableforviewing,searching, z  downloadingwithin4months. :   FY99: Monthlyvitalstatistics J  availableforviewing,searching,   downloadingwithin4months.     FY03: 11/2003  Z FY02: 11/2002 " r  FY01: Achieved. : #  FY00: Achieved   %  FY99 :Achieved  Z (  FY96: Within6months   * Page  Z+  131# D!#D    j, Releasestatisticsinnew >- formatstospeedtherelease . ofdataonhighprioritytopics. 'n/ ' # DT#D FY03: Maintainreleaseof >0 statisticsincurrentformats./ XXXDe/+DXXX +  1 FY02: Releaseonedatasetin v2 newformat.(Targetwas >3 increasedbasedonabilitytodo N4 more.)/ XXXD/D . 5  FY01 :1reportinnewformat ~6  FY00 :1report 'F7 'FY03: 11/2003  >8 FY02: 11/2002 ~:  FY01: Achieved.  > FY00: Achieved  ^? FY99: Multiplepublications &v@ andproducts  >A FY98: TeenageBirthsinthe B UnitedStates:Nationaland vC StateTrends199096 ':D 'Page# D#D  >E 131# D#D  /F /Producereportsand G publicationsthatdocument RH trends,issues,andproblems bI inhealth. "J  '(b#U ' # D#D FY03: Producereportsand V publications. ZW # D5#D  FY02: Producereportsand jX publications. 2Y  FY01: Producereportsand ""r\ publications. ":]  FY00: Producereportsand j$_ publications. 2% `  '& "b 'FY03: 11/2003 c  FY02: Health,UnitedStates je 2002󄄀TrendsinHealthof 2f theNation# Dˉ#D  willbereleased  g lateSummer2002.  n!h FY01 :Health,UnitedStates ."~i 2001+UrbanandRural "Fj Health_Chartbook_  # k FY00: Health,United z$l States,2000+Adolescent B% m Health_Chartbook_. &V!n  ',(w 'Page  x  131# D#D   Ry  /r(# /PerformanceMeasure /d / Target /d /ActualPerformance /d /Ref. /d / Increasethenumberof p articlesusing_NCHS_Ԁdatathat 0 arepublishedinpeerreview @ journals. $ $# D)#D FY03: Increasenumberof p  articlesbynon_NCHS_ 8  researchersby10%over5years.%  D%! D !  H  FY02: a)Increasenumberof   articlesbynon_NCHS_    researchersby10%over5years. @  b)Increasenumberofarticlesby  P non_NCHS_Ԁresearchersby10%   over5years.# D#D     FY03: 11/2003  p FY02: 11/2002   FY01: Baselinetobe X  determined.   p  Page p 131# D;#D   0 Increasethenumberof  $  personswhoobtainhealth   informationfromthe_NCHS_ T  website. $d  $# Dl#D FY03: Developatleastone  $  producttofacilitateuseof   statisticaldataontheweb.  \ ! FY02: a)Increasethenumberof l " peoplewhoobtainstatistical 4 # informationfromthewebsiteby  $ 5%. d % b)Developaproducttoeducate $t& thepublicontheuseofstatistical 4' data.# D#D   (  FY03: 11/2003  $ )  FY02: 11/2002  $t , FY01: 3.2millionvisitor $2 sessionswhereuser 3 obtainedselecteddataor \4 information.  l5  Page  $ 6 131# D#D   7   # D&#+DXXX + Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures :CDCwillverityperformanceviacontractorreports,pretest 8 reports,meetingproceedings,publications,andwebsiterecords.# D#D  9  I      4  `     h  = vYa>.*lx `Eee v ##    ## # D#D TotalProgramFunding(Dollarsinthousands)    FY2003: 0 4 $81,3430 4#4#0 # #(Estimate)x##  FY2002: 0 4 $83,3260 4#4#0 # # (CurrentEstimate)@ ##  FY2001: 0 4 $80,6300 4#4#0 # #(Actual)# Dy#D  h      p    X## # DE#D mD #Dm#2.4.1ProgramDescription,ContextandPerformanceSummary     CDCsepidemicservicesandresponseincludeacuteandchronicinfectiousandnoninfectiousdiseases,injuries, d  nutrition,reproductivehealth,environmentalhealth,andoccupationalproblems.Whenstate,local,orforeign $  healthauthoritiesrequesthelpincontrollinganepidemicorsolvingotherhealthproblems,skilled_epidemiologists_   fromCDCsEpidemicIntelligenceServicearesenttoinvestigateandresolvetheproblem.AspartofCDCs T  effortstoimplementtheHealthyPeople2010NationalPreventionObjectives,CDCconductsaprogramof d  scientificinquiryandappliedresearchtosolvepublichealthproblemsandsupportsselectedprogramstoassist $  states,healthorganizations,andotheralliedhealthproviderstoachievepreventiongoals.Rapidresolutionof   publichealthproblemsensurescosteffectivehealthcareandenhanceshealthpromotionanddisease T prevention.Activitiesinvolvingrapidsolutionsrangefromlocalidentificationoffoodpoisoningtonationaland d internationalinvestigationsofdeadlydiseases,environmentalhazards,andnaturaldisasters.CDCseffortswill $ continuetoprovidetheU.S.withatrainedprofessionalstaffabletoinvestigatehealthproblemsaffectingthe  U.S.population.Changingneedsinpublichealthrequirethatthepublichealthworkforceinstates,counties, T cities,andothercountriesallbetrainedtokeepabreastofeffectivetechniquesforcontaininghealththreats. d Epidemicservicesandresponsecoversavastspectrumofactivities:preventingandcontrollingepidemicsand  protectingtheU.S.populationfrompublichealthcrisesincludingbiologicalandchemicalemergencies; T developing,operating,andmaintainingsurveillancesystems,analyzingdata,andrespondingtopublichealth d problems;trainingpublichealth_epidemiologists_;developingleadershipandmanagementskillsofpublichealth $ officialsatthefederal,state,andlocallevels;carryingoutthequarantineprogramasrequiredbyregulations;and  publishingtheMorbidityandMortalityWeeklyReport,CDCsmainchannelforcommunicatingpublichealthnews T aboutdiseaseoutbreaksandtrendsinhealthandhealthbehavior. h   PartnershipsandLinksto_DHHS_ԀStrategicPlan  " Theseperformancemeasuresarerelatedto_DHHS_ԀGoal1:Reducethemajorthreatstohealthandproductivity `# ofallAmericansand_DHHS_ԀGoal5:ImprovetheNationspublichealthsystems.  p$  PerformanceSummary  !& InFY2001,theMorbidityandMortalityWeeklyReport(_MMWR_)providedaseriesofmultiplechannel h"' publicationsincluding158_MMWR_weeklyarticles,24RecommendationsandReports,4CDCSurveillance ,#|( SummariesandarticleshighlightingkeyhealtheventssuchasWalktoSchoolDay,NationalCholesterol #@) EducationMonth,NationalHIVtestingDay,WorldNoTobaccoDay,NationalHepatitisAwarenessMonth, $ * BuckleUpAmerica!Week,NationalArthritisMonth,WorkersMemorialDay,WorldTBDay,National_Colorectal_ p% + CancerAwarenessMonth,AmericanHeartMonth,WorldAIDSDay,GreatAmerican_Smokeout_,andNational 0&!, DiabetesAwarenessMonth.CDCmetitstargetfortheFY1999,FY2000andFY2001goalstoenhancethe &@"- scientificqualityandpublichealthapplicabilityofthe_MMWR_Ԁtocommunicatepublichealthnewsaboutdisease '#. outbreaksandtrendsinhealthandhealthbehaviorbypublishing86issuesofthe_MMWR_.The_MMWR_seriesof t(#/ publicationsincludeReportsandRecommendations,SurveillanceSummaries,andtheAnnualSummaryto 8)$0 communicatemajorpublichealtheventstothemedia,publicpolicymakersandhealthprofessionalsthrough )H%1 multiplemediachannelsprint,television,radio,andtheinteractiveWorldWideWeb.Availableinprintandon *&2 theInternet(4 0O  5  http://www.cdc.gov.mmwr/),6Oϲ  7 Ԁitisreadbymillionsofpublichealthandhealthcareproviders, x+&3 policymakers,programmanagersandothersaroundtheworldeveryweekandisdisseminatedthroughboththe 8,'4 laypressandthescientificmedia._JAMA_reprintsweeklyarticlesroutinely,andtheMassachusettsMedical ,H(5 Societypublishesanddistributesthe_MMWR_toapproximately25,000additionalsubscribers.Further  disseminationthroughthedevelopmentofcommunicationspartnershipsbeganshortlyaftertheattackson t September11.ContinuingtheeffortbeguninFY2000,the_MMWR_offerscontinuingeducationforphysicians 4 andotherpublichealthworkersthroughtheprintedandonlineversionsofthe_MMWR_ԀRecommendationsand H ReportsandisthelargestproviderofcontinuingmedicaleducationatCDC.The_MMWR_continuingeducation   program(_CEP_)forphysicians,nurses,andotherpublichealthpractitionersprovideselectronicandpapertext  andtestingdeliveredsimultaneouslywiththeelectronicandpapereditionsofthe_MMWR_.Theonlineuseris @  abletocomparetheiranswerstothecorrectanswers,printanawardcertificateandatranscriptonalocalprinter  T aftereachtest.Usersmayalsomailorfaxanswerstothe_MMWR__CEP_Ԁandreceiveacertificateofcompletion   andtranscriptthroughthemail.The_MMWR__CEP_Ԁprovidesanincentiveforhealthprofessionalswhomaynot    otherwisereadinformationfromCDC.InFY2001,the_MMWR__CEP_Ԁprovided15examinationsbasedonCDC L   publichealthrecommendationsandwasusedbyover36,000participants.Sinceitsinception,the_CEP_Ԁprogram  `  hasawardedover85,000continuingeducationcreditstomorethan43,000participantsintheUnitedStatesand   49foreigncountries.Themajorityofparticipantswerephysicians(65%)whoearned_CME_Ԁcreditsmakingthe   _MMWR__CEP_Ԁthelargest_CME_ԀprovideratCDC;nurses(24%)andothers(11%)comprisedtheremaining P  participants.Mostphysicians(60%)wereinclinicalpracticewhilethemajorityofnursespracticedinpublic d  health(43%)orhospital(32%)settings.The_MMWR__CEP_Ԁusesstateoftheartonlineandpaperbased $  communicationstechnology.Theimpactisdramaticwith72%ofallparticipantsreportingthatthecontinuing   educationprogramcontentwillaffecttheirclinicalandpublichealthpractice.InFY2002,effortscontinueto X  implementtheCDCwidecommunicationsplantoenhancehealthcommunicationsasavitalcomponentof h publichealthstrategiesinpromotinghealthandpreventingdiseaseandinjury. ( InFY1999,CDCcontinuedtorecognizetheneedofstatehealthdepartmentstodeveloppublichealth X comprehensiveinformationnetworkstosupportallessentialpublichealthservices.CDCapproachedthis h challengesystematicallybyassistingstatehealthdepartmentsindevelopingplansforcomprehensivenetworks ( andinimplementingthosenetworks.InFY1999,thisinitiativeexpandedtoaddresstheneedofmajor  metropolitanareasforhealthsectordedicatedcommunicationsystemstosupportdetectionandresponseto X terroristevents.(SeeSection2.12, PublicHealthResponsetoTerrorism ).d h dInFY2001,theEpidemicIntelligenceService(_EIS_)Programcoordinated87EpidemicAssistance  Investigations(_Epi_ԄAids),andover275statebasedfieldinvestigations.Epidemicsarepreventedandcontrolled X bymobilizinganddeployingCDCstaff,primarilyEpidemicIntelligenceService(_EIS_)officers,torespondrapidly h todiseaseoutbreaksanddisastersituations.Attherequestofpublichealthofficialsatthestate,national,or (  internationallevelCDCprovidesassistancebyparticipatinginepidemiologicfieldinvestigations.Duringthese ! investigations,CDCstaffactasconsultantstoastateorlocalhealthdepartmentorthehealthministryofthehost X" nation,investigatingthepatternsofdiseaseorinjuryoccurrence,thelevelsofriskbehaviors,theidentityofthe h# causativeagent,thetransmissionoftheconditionofconcern,andtheimpactofpreventiveinterventions.Each ($ year,somerequestsforassistancearereceivedwhichdonotmeettheestablishedcriteriaordefinitionofa  % diseaseoutbreak.Eachrequestisreviewed,andonceitisestablishedthattherequestcomplieswiththecriteria, X!& _EIS_ԀOfficersaredeployedtoaidintheinvestigationordisasterrelief. "h' InFY1999and2000,CDCexceededitstargetofrespondingto atleast95%oftherequestsforepidemic #) assistancefromdomesticandinternationalpartnersbyrespondingto99%oftherequests.Therequestsfor X$* whichCDCdidnotrespond(1%)wereinternationalrequestsandcouldnotbeconductedduetotheinabilityto %h + getcountryclearance,thelackoffundingfrominternationalorganizations,orsafetyissues.During %(!, investigations,CDCstaffprovidetrainingtopublichealthstaffonsiteresultingintheabilityofstateandlocal &!- stafftomanageoutbreakinvestigationswithoutdirectCDCassistance.Inthisevent,technicalassistanceis X'". providedbyCDCinresolvingoutbreaksatthelocallevel.InFY2002andbeyond,CDCwillcontinuetoconduct (h#/ activitiesinvolvingrapidsolutionstoproblemssuchaslocalidentificationoffoodpoisoningtonationaland (($0 internationalinvestigationsofdeadlydiseases,_bioterrorism_Ԁevents,environmentalhazards,ornaturaldisasters. )$1 Toaccomplishthis,CDCwillmaintainwelltrainedprofessionalsabletoinvestigatehealthproblemsaffectingthe X*%2 U.S.populationandtoachievepreventiongoals. +h&3  ,'5 ЇCDCwassuccessfulinmeetingtheestablishedtargetforcompletingthesecondphaseoftheevaluationofthe  EpidemicIntelligenceService.Resultsoftheplanarebeingimplemented.Theimmediateresultsareupto p datetrainingprogramswhichbetterprepare_EIS_ԀOfficerstorespondtodiseaseoutbreaks,actsof_bioterrorism_, 0 naturaldisasters,andothermajorhealthhazards.CDCsEpidemiologyProgramOfficedoesnotworkdirectly @ withlaboratories.  Anexpandingmission,newprograms,andnewpartnersinpublichealthunderscoretheneedforapublichealth 0  workforceabletoapplyabroadrangeofdisciplinesandstrategiestodevelopeffectivepreventionprogramsthat  @ improveandpromotehealth.Asaresult,thePublicHealthPreventionService(_PHPS_)programwasestablished   asa3yearprogramoftrainingandservicetodevelopaworkforceskilledinapplyingpertinentresearchrelated p   toepidemiology,socialandbehavioralscience,healthprogrammanagement,andotherpublichealthsciences. 0   The_PHPS_Ԁprogramsaidsthedevelopment,implementationandevaluationofpreventionstrategiesthatare  @  practicalandeffectiveatcommunity,state,andnationallevels.ThefirstclassofPreventionSpecialistsbeganin   September1997.The_PHPS_ԀprogramisdesignedtoprovidetwodifferentassignmentsatCDCinthefirstyear p  oftheprogram.Inthesecondandthirdyears,PreventionSpecialistsworkinastateorlocalhealthdepartment, 0  wheretheyleaddirect,handsonworkwithcommunitiesandlocalpublichealthissues.Thecombinationof @  federal,state,andlocalexperiences,augmentedbyformalandinformalinstruction,providesawiderangeof   programactivitiestodevelopbroadpublichealthskills.Currently,thereare79PreventionSpecialistsinthe p  _PHPS_Ԁprogram.Fortyfiveareinstateandlocalhealthdepartmentsand34areinassignmentsatCDC.One 0  hundredthirtyfourPreventionSpecialistshaveenteredtheprogramoverthepast5years;44havecompleted @ theprogramandare_PHPS_Ԁalumni(97and98_PHPS_Ԁclasses).Todate(12/2001)11PreventionSpecialists  haveresignedfromthe_PHPS_ԀProgramwithanoverallretentionrateof92%.ThefirstclassofPrevention p Specialistscompletedthe_PHPS_ԀProgramearlyinSeptember2000. 0 PreventionSpecialistsareinvolvedinabreadthofpublichealthissuesduringtheirassignments.Inallsettings,  PreventionSpecialistsinfuseprogramswiththeirinterestandskillinpublichealthandwiththeirabilitytoapply p soundpublichealthprinciples.Atthesametime,theyaredevelopingadditionalskillsneededtobepartofa 0 welltrainedpublichealthworkforce.The_PHPS_Ԁprogramaddstothepoolofstateandlocalpublichealthworkers @ who,throughformaltrainingandsupervisedonthejobtraining,areskilledandunderstandthemissionofpublic  health.InFY2001,CDCwasunabletomeetthetargetof 90%ofthefirstclassofthePublicHealthPrevention p Servicewillremaininpublichealthand50%willbeworkinginstate/localhealthdepartments.OnSeptember 0 22,2001,25PreventionSpecialistsinthe1998_PHPS_ԀClasscompletedtheProgramandbecamealumni.Of @ the25PreventionSpecialistscompletingtheProgramthisyear:13(52%)areemployedbyCDC;7(28%)are   employedatStateorLocalHealthDepartments;1(4%)isworkingforacommunitybasedorganization;3(12%) p! areworkingwithacademicorresearchcenters,and1(4%)isundecided.Recruitmenteffortscontinue.The 0" _PHPS_ԀProgramtargetedaccreditedschoolsandprogramsofpublichealtharoundthecountryandmademore @# than40recruitmentvisitssincethebeginningoftheyear.Recruitmenteffortshavefocusedonreachingthe $ largestacademicinstitutionsproducingmasterspreparedprofessionalsinpublichealth;reachinggraduatesin p % historicallyblackcollegesanduniversities;reachingapplicantsfromruralareas;andinvolvingcurrentPrevention 0!& Specialistsandalumniintherecruitmentefforts.Universitybasedeffortsincludedthedirectmailingofmore !@' than130letterstoDeansandcareercounselorsatSchoolsofPublicHealthandplacingjobpostingson "( university_websites_ԀattheUniversityofMinnesota,UniversityofMichigan,SaintLouisUniversity,andEmory p#) University.Followupeffortscontinue.ThetargetgoalsforFY2002,2003,and2004remainunchanged. 0$* Basedontheevaluationofthegraduated_PHPS_Ԁclasses,theprogramisbeingrevisedandtargetedtosupplying $@ + askilledworkforceatalllevelsofpublichealth. %!, InFY2001,CDCcontinuallysoughttoimprovehealthbuttodosoineconomicallyresponsibleways.When 0'". humanandfinancialresourcesarelimited,publichealtheffortsmustfocusonpreventionstrategiesthatyieldthe '@#/ mostbenefitfortheinvestment.ThePreventionEffectivenessprogramincludesafellowshipandatraining ($0 course.Togetherthesedemonstratehowspendingmoneytopreventdiseaseandinjuryandpromotehealthy p)$1 lifestylesmakesgoodeconomicsense.Preventionstrategiesareevaluatedon:1)thehealthimpactofthe 0*%2 relateddisease,injury,ordisabilityonU.S.society;2)theeffectivenessofthepreventionstrategy;3)thecostsof *@&3 thedisease,injury,ordisability;and4)thecosteffectivenessofthestrategy.Forinstance,somechildhood +'4 vaccines,saveupto$29indirectmedicalcostsforeachdollarspent.Otherstrategies,suchasyearly p,'5 _mammograms_,carryanetcostbutareconsideredcosteffectivebecausetheyprovideconsiderablevaluein  returnforthemoneyinvested.CDCmetitsestablishedtargetforFY2000andFY2001inbuildingexpertiseto p conductpreventioneffectivenessstudiesofpublichealthinterventionsandwillcontinuetodeterminewhat 0 preventionstrategiesworkandwhatitcoststoimplementthem. @ InFY1999,CDCrecognizedtheneedofstateandlocalpublichealthprofessionalsforhighqualitytraining. p CDCapproachedthisproblemthroughasystematicneedsassessmentanddevelopmentofprogramstoprovide 0  uptodateknowledgeandskillsusingdistancebasedlearningtechnologies.CDCexceededitsFY1999  @ distancelearningtargetbyexpandingtherangeofprogramsoffered.Examplesincludetraininginpublichealth   responseto_bioterrorism_,childhoodimmunizationschedules,epidemiologyandpreventionofvaccine p   preventablediseases,andpreparingforaninfluenzapandemic.# D#D  0    2.4.1GoalbyGoalPresentationofPerformance     vYa>.*lx! `E?!ReeW v ##      ##*`dd dd  A dd A dd dd ,`-##, dd , dd , dd ,dd +  &PP & PerformanceMeasures /d /   Targets 8#!d  8 ActualPerformance /d / Ref. /d /Basedonestablishedcriteria  continuetopublishtheMorbidity  andMortalityWeeklyReports @ (_MMWR_)seriesofpublications P includingReportsand  Recommendations,Surveillance  Summaries,andtheAnnual @ Summarytocommunicatemajor P publichealtheventstothe   media,publicpolicymakersand ! healthprofessionalsthrough @" multiplemediachannelsprint, P# television,radio,interactive $ WorldWideWeb. $% $ _MMWR_ԀIssuesPublished: & FY04: 86  P( FY03: 86  h) FY02: 86 0*  FY01 :86 +  FY00: 81 p,  FY99: 77  8-  _MMWR_ԀIssuesPublished: . FY04: P0 FY03: h1 FY02:  02  FY01: 86issues  3 FY00 :81issues p4  FY99: 77issuespublished 85 andavailableontheCDC P6 Internetsiteat 7 4(MO  5  http://www2.cdc.gov/mmwr/.66OJ,an  7rs x 8   @9 Page : 122@i"i"Ii"  ; PerformanceMeasures /d /   Targets 8#!d  8 ActualPerformance /d / Ref. /d /The_MMWR_Ԁwillrefine p communicationeffortsthrougha 0 Centerwidecommunications @ plantoprovideaframeworkfor  currentactivitiesandmaximize p   communicatingpublichealth 0   messagesthroughprintandthe  @  WorldWideWeb. $   $ fFY03: Continue p  implementationoftheCDC #s communicationsplan.Initiate  evaluationbasedonmarket { testingandresearch.This ' w goalwillbecompletedinFY  # 03.    FY02: Preparefinalreporton  . theimplementationand   enhancementsoftheCDC =  communicationsplan.  9   FY01: Planimplementedand A  enhancedbasedonCDC D  communicationsassessment.    FY00: Communicationplan L! developed.  " fE fFY03: p# FY02 :  X+  FY01 :Planiscompletedand k 0 implementationisunderway. n 1 The_MMWR_Ԁisundergoing  2 redesignandwillreflectthe v 3 changesinFebruary2002. "r 4  FY00 :CommunicationPlan &v7 developed. )8  FY99: CommunicationsPlan 1: underdevelopment.  4; fAPage p< 122# D#D  0= @i"i"Ii" @>   I      4  `     h      p      I      4  `  vYa>.*lx `Eee=H v ##      ##(*Note:BeginninginFY1999,thisinitiativewasexpandedtoaddresstheneedofmajormetropolitanareasfor TH healthsectordedicatedcommunicationssystemstosupportdetectionandresponsetoterroristeventswith  dI supportfromthePublicHealthResponsetoTerrorism/_Bioterrorism_Ԁactivity(seesection2.12_Bioterrorism_).  $J *`dd dd + dd  + dd  dd `##,A dd ,` dd ,dd ,dd +  &T"LT" &   PerformanceMeasures 8#!"M  8:    Targets 8#!"N  8    Actual Performance 8#!"O  8 Ref. /"P / Thenumberofstateswithaplan $dQ foracomprehensiveinformation $$ R networkwillbeincreased. $% S $ FY01: 20states $dT  FY99: 18states  $, U  FY01:  $dV  FY99: 33states $, W  FY97: 14states.  % X Page $dY 122# D#D   $$ Z Thenumberofstateswhohave 'P"[ implementedacomprehensive '#\ informationnetworkwillbe (#] increased. $@)$^ $ FY01: 9states. 'P"_  FY99: 2states.  '#`  FY01: 'P"a FY99: 4states '#b  FY98: 0states  (#c Page 'P"d 122# Df #D  '#e   I      4  `     p,'h ЇvYa>.*lx. `E.Reed v ##     ##*3`ddZ dd A v dd ` dd dd `##,` dd ,` dd ,` dd ,dd +  /pp /@)) k PerformanceMeasure A,!$ A@%Target A,!$ A@gg3WActualPerformance A,!$ ARef. 8#!$  8Baseduponestablished 0   criterialforparticipation,  @  EpidemicIntelligenceService    (_EIS_)officerswillrespondtoat p   least95%oftherequestsfor 0  epidemicassistancefrom  @  domesticandinternational   partners $p  $ _EIS_ԀResponsetoRequests: 0  FY04: Atleast95 %   FY03: Atleast95%    FY02: Atleast95%. P   FY01: Atleast95%. h   FY00: Atleast95%. 0   FY99: Atleast95%.    f _EIS_ԀResponsetoRequests: 0  fFY04:   FY03: ^  FY02:  & v  FY01: 99%  >   FY00 :99%.    FY99: 99%  ~ ! Page 0 " 122# Dk#D @h"h"Ih"  @#   I      I vYa> .*lx! `E!ReeW   v ##      ##*` ddv dd ` v dd ` v dd ` dd 3`##,A dd ,` dd ,dd ,dd +  /+ /@ PerformanceMeasure A,!T, A@&Target A,!T- A@3ActualPerformance A,!T. ARef. 8#!T/ 8*Increasethenumberof `0 professionalprevention  p1 effectivenessstaffandfellows. 02  $`4 $ NumberofFellows: `5 FY04: 43  (x6 FY03: 43  @7 FY02: 43 8  FY01: 43 9  FY00: 40 H:  FY99: 32  `;  NumberofFellows: `< FY04: (x= FY03: @> FY02:  ?  FY01: 43 @  FY00: 32. HA  FY99: 24  `B Page `C 122# Da#D    pD Increasethenumberofstaffin lE _CIOs_Ԁwhocanuseprevention ,|F effectivenessmethods. <G (Measuredbythenumberofstaff l!I completingtheannualPrevention ,"|J EffectivenessCourse). $"<K $ IncreaseinStaff: lL FY04: By120persons  LN FY03: By120persons   O FY02: By110persons !P  FY01: By110persons T"Q  FY00: By80persons #lR  FY99: By80persons  #4S  IncreaseinStaff: lT FY04: LV FY03:  W FY02:  !X  FY01: 110persons T"Y  FY00: 80persons #lZ  FY99: 80persons #4[  FY98 :60persons  $\ Page l] 122# D#D   ,|^ Increasethenumberof &X!_ preventioneffectivenessstudies &"` conductedby_CIOs_. $'"a $ IncreaseinStudies: &X!b FY04: By60studies  & "c FY03: By60studies  '"d FY02: By60studies `(#e  FY01: By60studies ()x$f  FY00: By60studies )@%g  FY99: By60studies  *&h  IncreaseinStudies: &X!i FY04: & "j FY03: '"k FY02:  `(#l  FY01: 󀀀60studies ()x$m  FY00 :60studies )@%n  FY99: 󀀀7studies  *&o Page &X!p 122# D"#D  &"q   p,'r vYa> .*lx `Eee=H  v ##      ##*`ddA dd A ` dd ` dd dd ` ##,A dd ,` dd ,dd ,dd +  / @ @ /@ PerformanceMeasure A,!T  A@&Target A,!T   A@3ActualPerformance A,!T   ARef. 8#!T   8Provideforeffectiveworkforcefor    staffingstateandlocalhealth p   departmentsandinotherpublic 0  healthrelatedorganizations.  @  Continued... $ $ FY04: 90%ofthefourthand   fifthyearPublicHealth x  PreventionService(_PHPS_) 8  graduateswillremaininpublic  H  healthand50%willbe  ! workinginstate/localhealth x " departments.# Dr&#D   8 # FY03: 90%ofthethirdand  % fourthofthePublicHealth  & PreventionService(_PHPS_) H' willremaininpublichealthand X( 50%willbeworkingin ) state/localhealth * departments.# D)-#D   H+ FY02: 90%ofthesecondand  - thirdclassesofthePublic . HealthPreventionService X/ (_PHPS_)willremaininpublic h0 healthand50%willbeworking (1 instate/localhealth 2 departments. X3  FY01: 90%ofthefirstand (5 secondclassesofthe_PHPS_ 6 willremaininpublichealthand `7 50%willbeworkingin  p8 state/localhealth  09 departments. !: Continued...  $>  FY04:  ? FY03:  @ G  FY02: HO FY01 :80%ofthefirstand 8W second_PHPS_Ԁclasseshave PX remainedinpublichealth Y and28%areworkingin  Z state/localhealth @![ departments "P\   @'"c Page  d 122# D.#D ) p e )@ PerformanceMeasure A,!d A@&Target A,!d A@3ActualPerformance A,!d ARef. 8#!d 8...continued. p Provideforeffectiveworkforcefor @ staffingstateandlocalhealth  departmentsandinotherpublic p   healthrelatedorganizations. $0   $...continued. p   FY00: 90%ofthefirstclass @  ofthe_PHPS_Ԁwillremainin  publichealthand50%willbe x  workinginstate/localhealth 8  departments.   H ...continued. p  FY00: Following @ graduation,76%ofthefirst  classremainedinpublic x  healthand26%are 8  workinginstate/localhealth  H departments.    FY99: 50fieldassignees.  8  Page p 122# D3#D   0 ByFY2002,implementtheplan   toaddressneededchangesin_EIS_ T  trainingmethodologiesidentified d  intheevaluationstudy. $$ ! $ FY02 :Finalizethe  " implementationofthesecond \ # phaseoftheplan.Prepare l $ finalreportonthe , % implementationprocess.  &  FY01: Implementthesecond l( phaseoftheplan. 4)  FY00: Developtheplan. $t,  FY99: Thesecondphaseof l/ _EIS_Ԁevaluationwillbe 40 completedandthefirstphase D1 findingswillbeimplemented.  2  FY02:   3  FY01: Secondphaseof l9 theplanwasimplemented 4:  FY00: 󀀀PlanDeveloped. $t=  FY99 :Secondphaseof l@ the_EIS_Ԁevaluationhas 4A beencompleted.Results DB ofthefirstphasearebeing C implemented.  tD Page  E 122# D9#D  T F  # D>#D # D>#D   $ tK ## DD?#D A_@ d@A@7 # D?#D mDԀ@@ IIC.4BirthDefects/DevelopmentalDisabilities/@@ DisabilitiesandHealth#Dmm@#Ԉ  @E@J1111!?@ I &%DTotalProgramFunding(Dollarsinthousands) #D%&A#   FY2003: 0 4 $89,9820 4#4#0 # #(Estimate)##  FY2002: 0 4 $90,5390 4#4#0 # #(CurrentEstimate)##  FY2001: 0 4 $71,1970 4#4#0 # #(Actual) N  ## # DN@##x?D # DC#D Mandate     CDCleadsthefederalefforttopreventbirthdefectsanddevelopmentaldisabilitiesandtoimprovethequalityof   lifeofAmericanslivingwithdisabilities. f   HealthBurden     Morethan120,000infantsarebornwithbirthdefectseachyearintheUnitedStates.Themostcommon17birth   defectscostapproximately$6billionforchildrenborninasingleyear.Withmedicaladvances,morebabieswith n seriousbirthdefectsaresurviving,andmanyexperiencelifelongdisabilities,illness,andsocialchallenges.In .V addition,17%ofU.S.childrenundertheageof18havesometypeofdevelopmentaldisability.Childrenand  adultslivingwithdisabilitiesoftensufferfromsecondarymedical,social,emotional,family,andcommunity  problems.Causesofbirthdefectsanddevelopmentaldisabilitiesareunknownforabout75%ofcases. n  Strategies,Activities,andResources   CDCmonitorsandseekscausesforbirthdefectsanddevelopmentaldisabilities,promotesoptimalchild  development,andenhancesthehealthandwellbeingofindividualslivingwithdisabilities.Whencausesorrisk v factorsareknown,CDCdevelops,implements,andevaluatespreventionprograms. 6^  Linksto_DHHS_ԀStrategicPlan    Performanceobjectivesarerelatedto_DHHS_ԀGoal1:Reducemajorthreatstothehealthandproductivityofall ~! Americans,andGoal5:Improvethenationspublichealthsystems. p    Bj"  Partnerships  $ CDCworksinpartnershipwithstatehealthdepartments,healthcareprofessionalorganizations,academic % institutions,andmanynonprofitorganizationssuchasMarchofDimes,AutismSocietyofAmerica,United Nv& CerebralPalsy,andAmericanAssociationonHealthandDisability. 6'  PresentationofPerformance  ) Becausethecausesofmostbirthdefectsarenotyetknownandpreventionisnotpossibleuntilcausesorrisk V~* factorsareknown,reductionsintheincidenceofspecificbirthdefectscannotbeusedtomeasureperformance.  >+ Evenwhenpreventionispossible,suchasforfetalalcoholsyndromeandfolicacidpreventable_spina_Ԁbifida,  , effortstomeasureprogressthroughdecreasesinprevalenceratesareslowanddifficultbecauseoftheneedto ! - monitorverylargenumbersofbirthstodrawconclusionsaboutchangesinrates.CDCismonitoringthoserate V"~!. changesbutalsocollectingdataonbehaviorassociatedwiththeriskfactorsforspecificbirthdefectsand #>"/ developmentaldisabilities. #"0  &%DProtectingHealthandPromotingPartnerships  V%~$2  IIC.4aBirthDefectsandDevelopmentalDisabilitiesPrevention#D%&P#  '.&4 CDChasmajorpreventionprogramsunderwayintwoareas!folicacidforpreventionof_spina_Ԁbifidaandfetal ('6 alcoholsyndrome(FAS)prevention.Anationaleffortinunderwaytoencourageallwomenofreproductiveage f)(7 totakefolicacid(aBvitamin)becauseinsufficientfolicacidinthemotheraroundthetimeofconceptionwas &*N)8 foundtocauseserousbirthdefectsofthespine(_spina_Ԁbifida)andbrain(_anencephaly_).TheFY00targetof40% **9 fortheperformancemeasuretoget50%ofwomenofreproductiveagetoconsume400microgramsoffolicacid +*: everyday!asmeasuredbywomenreportingdailyvitaminsupplementuseonaGallupsurvey!hasnotbeen f,+; metandmaynotreflectactualincreasedconsumptionoffolicacidthroughfortifiedfood.Nextyearthis  performancemeasurewillbechangedtoameasureofbloodfolatelevelsforwomenofreproductiveagesinceit p willreflecttrueconsumptionofthevitaminfromanysource. 0 ̀AnewobjectivehasbeenaddedthisyearforFASpreventionsincewehadamajorincreaseinfundinginthis  area.Newprogramsareunderwayandtheyshouldleadtoadecreaseinthefetalexposuretoalcohol.As p morebirthdefectspreventionbreakthroughsaremade,newobjectiveswillbeadded. 0  CDCisworkingcollaborativewiththeHealthResourcesandServicesAdministrationtoassiststatesto   implementanewprogram,theEarlyHearingDetectionandIntervention(_EDHI_)program.CDCsroleistoassist p   statestoestablishprogramstotrackthechildrenwhoscreenpositiveforhearinglosstoensurethatthese 0   childrengetthefollowupdiagnostictestingand,ifneeded,enterearlyinterventionprograms.Thistracking  @  programcanalsobeusedtoprovidedataforresearchintocausesofhearinglostandforcostbenefitstudies.A   newperformancegoalandmeasureshavebeendevelopedforthisprogram. p  CDCcontinuestoincreasethenumberofstates(andtherebythenumberofbirths)thataremonitoredthrough @  highqualitybirthdefectanddevelopmentaldisabilitiessurveillancesystems.CDCconductsamodelbirth   defectsprograminfivemetroAtlantacountiesandsupports26stateprogramswithcooperativeagreements. p  CDCalsosupportstheNationalBirthDefectsPreventionNetwork,anindependentorganizationwhichsets 0  guidelines,actsasaclearinghouseforstatebirthdefectsdata,andpublishesannualreportssummarizingthe @ data.TheNetworkisdesignedfordatasharingtoincreasetheavailabilityofinformationaboutraredefectsand  geographicvariationsinratesofspecificbirthdefects.TheNetworkalsoassistsCDCintheimplementationof p preventionstrategies.TheNetworkgrewveryrapidlytoincludeeverystate,soratherthancountthenumberof 0 statesparticipatingintheNetwork,weareactuallycountingonlythestatesthatprovidedataonbirthdefectsto @ theNetwork.Standardsforthisdataincreaseeveryyear;therefore,wearenotmeetingpreviouslysettargets  onlybecausesomestatescannotmetthesehigherstandards.Weexpecttoreachthetargetsbutitwilltake p longer.Theimprovedqualityiswellworththeminordelay. 0 MonitoringdevelopmentaldisabilitiesisanewerprogramatCDC.Weconductamodelprogramformonitoring  5developmentaldisabilities!mentalretardation,cerebralpalsy,hearingimpairment,visionimpairment,and p autism!inmetropolitanAtlanta. 0 Tolookforcausesandriskfactorsforbirthdefects,CDChasfunded7CentersforBirthDefectsResearchand   Preventiontoconductalargecollaborativestudyofthecausesofbirthdefects,theNationalBirthDefects p! PreventionStudy.TheCentershavedevelopedasurveillancesystemtoidentifyinfantsbornwith(case)and 0" without(control)aselectedlistofbirthdefects.Atelephoneinterviewwiththeinfantsmotherasksquestions @# aboutthepregnancyandmothersmedicalhistory,lifestyle,diet,medicationuse,andoccupationaland $ environmentalexposures.Allofthesummarydatafromcasesandcontrolsarecomparedtoidentifyany p % environmentalandgeneticfactorsthatincreaseordecreasetheriskofabirthdefect.Whenthedatabaseis 0!& sufficientlylarge,itwillbeanalyzedtolookfordifferencesincasesofspecificbirthdefectsandcontrolsthatmay !@' providecluestocauseofthatbirthdefects.Theanalysiswillbeginsoonforsomeofthemorecommonbirth "( defectsbuttherarebirthdefectswillrequireamuchlargerdatabasebeforeanalysiswillbemeaningful.Anew p#) goalandperformancemeasurehasbeenaddedtomeasurethegrowingdatabasethatwilleventuallyleadto 0$* discoveryofcausesofbirthdefects. $@ + CDCeffortstomonitorprevalenceandtolookforcausesfordevelopmentaldisabilitiesisnotyetaswell p&!- developedastheeffortsforbirthdefects,butthisprogramisnowbeginningtogrowrapidly.Wehaveadded 0'". newgoalsandperformancemeasuresinthisareathisyearandexpecttoaddadditionalperformancemeasures '@#/ inthenextfewyears. ($0  I      4  `     p,'5 Ї GoalbyGoalPresentationofPerformance  p  A_@ d@HAPerformanceGoal:0 Increasetheconsumptionoffolicacidamongwomenofreproductiveageto )y preventseriousbirthdefects. A # # @v@:1111!(j@*!`"ddA dd A ` dd ` dd dd `##,( dd ,dd ,dd ,dd +  /:: /PerformanceMeasure A,! f ATargets A,!N  AActualPerformance A,!N   ARef. 8#!N   8Increasethepercentageof r   womenofreproductiveagewho 2   consume400microgramsoffolic  B  aciddaily. $   $ FY02: 36%  r  FY00: 40% :     R  FY02: r  FY00: 34% :   FY98: 32%  R  FY96: 25%    (dataavailablebiannually)    # DC#D Page r  # Do#D 89 2    B   Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures: MeasuredusingaMachofDimesGallupsurveyofwomen   ofreproductiveage.Thissurveyisconductedevery2years. J   I      4  `  A_@ d@RAPerformanceGoal:0 Decreasethenumberofwomendrinkingduringpregnancy  # # @gv@|1111!q@*%`&dd( dd ( dd dd dd !`"##,A dd , dd ,dd ,=dd +  /|| /PerformanceMeasure A,!0  ATargets A,!0! AActualPerformance A,!0" ARef. 8#!0#" 8Decreasethepercentageof <$ womenwhoreportanyalcohol L% consumptionduringpregnancy. $ & $ FY03: 10% <'   T(  FY03:  <)   + # D=p#D Page <, # DYv#D 89# Dv#D  L-   .   Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures: MeasuredusingdatafromCDCsBehavioralRiskFactor . SurveillanceSystem. |/  A_@ d@APerformanceGoal:0 Monitoringspeech,language,andotherdevelopmentaloutcomesofinfants E2 withhearingloss.  3 # # @gv@1111!w@*'`(ddA dd A  dd  dd =dd =%`&##,A dd , dd ,dd ,\dd +  /4 /PerformanceMeasure A,!j5 ATargets A,!j6 AActualPerformance A,!j7 ARef. 8#!j8" 8By2010,increasethenumberof v9 statesandterritoriesparticipating 6 : intheNationalEarlyHearing  F; DetectionandIntervention(_EHDI_) !< Databaseto50.Q+ 4 <DL!`},XQ(basedon1999 v"= data,24statesareparticipating) $6#> $ FY03: 40  v?    NA  FY03: vB FY02: > C FY01: 30(baseline)  !VD # Dv#D Page vE # D)~#D 89# D~#D   6 F ?+ 4 <DL!X?By2010,decreasethe $G percentageofnewbornswho J% H screenpositiveforhearingloss  &Z!I butarelosttofollowupto10%. &"J (basedon1999datafrom9 '"K states,51%ofinfantswhoscreen J(#L positivearelosttofollowup.) $ )Z$M $ FY03: 35%  $N   R% O  FY03:  $P  FY02:  R% Q  FY99: 51%(baseline)  &j!R # D~#D Page $S # D#D 89# D#D  J% T   &Z!U   Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures: Monitoredusingthe_EHDI_Ԁstatetrackingnetwork, * &V maintainedbyCDC.  +&W    `   B,'X ЇA_@ d@xAPerformanceGoal:0 Improvethedataontheprevalenceofbirthdefectsanddevelopmental  disabilities. q # # @gv@j1111!}@*+`,ddA dd A  dd  dd \dd \'`(##,A dd , dd ,dd ,dd +  /jj /PerformanceMeasure A,! ATargets A,! AActualPerformance A,! ARef.# D(#D 1'%"  1*-`.ddA dd A  dd  dd dd +`,##,A dd , dd ,dd ,dd +  & &Increasethenumberofstates * z providingqualitydatatothe  :  NationalBirthDefectsPrevention    Network. $j   $ # D#D FY05: 42states  * z  FY04: 40states   B  FY03: 38states    FY02: 38states     J   FY05: * z FY04:  B FY03:d   dFY02:     FY01: 29Baseline  J   9GHIJKLM(zxxR9GHIJKLMPage * z # D#D 89# D͋#D   : "93"  9E2z33     0 @0!   93Er݌  j  Ќ  Increasethenumberofstates   collectingcommunitybaseddata f  ontheprevalenceofoneormore &v  developmentaldisabilities. $6  $ FY05: 16    FY04: 14  n  FY03: 12  6  FY02: 10  N !  FY05:  " FY04: n # FY03: 6 $ FY02:  N %  FY01: 4Baseline   & Page  ' # D#D 89# DU#D  f (  &v )   Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures: Forbirthdefects,themeasurewillbethenumber# D#D Ԁofstates ~ * providingdatafortheNationalBirthDefectsPreventionNetworkannualreport.Fordevelopmentaldisabilities, F+ themeasurewillbethenumberofstatesfundedbyCDCtocollectdata. V,  A_@ d@^APerformanceGoal:0 Findcausesandriskfactorsforbirthdefectsanddevelopmentaldisabilitiesin ?0 ordertodeveloppreventionstrategies W1 # # @gv@P1111! @*/`0ddA dd A  dd  dd dd -`.##,A dd , dd ,dd ,9dd +  /P2P /PerformanceMeasure A,!d3 ATargets A,!d4 AActualPerformance A,!d5 ARef. 8#!d6" 8Increasethenumberofmaternal 7 interviewscompletedforthe 8 NationalBirthDefectsPrevention @9 Study $P: $ FY03: 14,000 ;   <  FY03:  =  FY02:  >  FY01: 8,000(preliminary) P?  FY00: 5,000 h@  FY99: 2,000  0A # Dx#D Page B # DL#D 89# D#D  C  @D  *1`5ddA dd A  dd  dd 9dd 9/`0##,A dd , dd ,dd ,9dd +  &(D( &Increasethenumberofstudies <E beingconductedtofindcausesof LF autism,cerebralpalsy,and  G mentalretardation. $|!H $ FY05: 11  <I FY04: 9   TJ FY03: 7   K  FY02: 4  !L  FY05: <M FY04:  TN FY03:   O  FY02:  !P  FY01: 2(baseline)  \"Q # D#D Page <R # D#D 89# D#D  LS   T  Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures: Thecountofmaternalinterviewscompletedforthe $dU _NBDPS_Ԁwillbethenumberinthedatabaseattheendofthefiscalyear.Thenumberofstudiesbeingconducted $, V tofindcausesoftheseconditionswillbethenumberfundedbyCDCplusanyothersintheUSourCDCprogram % W isawareof. \&!X  \,'` Ї&%D IIC._4b_ԀDisabilitiesandHealth #D%&y#  Lackofhealthpromotionanddiseasepreventionactivitiestargetingindividualswithdisabilitieshasallowedthese P individualstocontinuetoexperiencemedical,social,emotional,family,orcommunityproblemsthatcanbe ` prevented.Increasedunderstandingofthesepreventableconditionsmayyieldpromisingpreventionapproaches   thatcanimprovethequalityoflifeforindividualslivingwithdisabilities.CDCisthereforefocusingonpreventing  thesesecondaryconditions,promotinghealth,andimprovingthequalityoflifeamongpersonswithdisabilities. P  Activitiesincludemonitoringhealthstatus,costeffectivenessresearch,identificationofriskandprotective  ` factors,andimplementinghealthpromotionstrategiesthatareproveneffective.    PerformanceSummary P    TheemphasisonsecondaryconditionsisarelativelynewpreventionapproachforCDC,whichhashistorically  h  focusedonprimarypreventionofdisablingconditions.Currently,thereisnodatacollectionsystemtomeasure  (  changesinthequalityoflifeofpeoplewithdisablingconditions.Oneperformancemeasureisafirststeptoward   buildingasystemthatwillenableCDCtomonitortrendsrelatedtothehealthandqualityoflifeamongpeople X  withdisabilities. h  CDCreliesonstatesuseoftheBehavioralRiskFactorSurveillanceSystem(_BRFSS_)disabilitymoduleasa   majorsourceofinformationonthehealthstatusofAmericanswithdisabilities.Becauseinitialresultsfromthe X  disabilitymodulewerelessthanadequatefortheintendedpurposes,startinginFY2001,thedemographic h variable disabilitystatuswillbeincludedinthecoreinformationcollectedannuallyaspartofthe_BRFSS_.CDC ( anticipatesthattheinformationfromthisnewdemographiccategorywillallowabetterunderstandingofthe  healthstatusofAmericanswithdisabilities.Inaddition,CDCisrevisingthe_BRFSS_Ԁdisabilitymoduletoimprove X thequalityandrelevanceoftheinformationgenerated.Becauseitwillbeincludedinthecoreinformation,itwill h beusedineverystate.Therefore,countingthenumberofstatesusingitwillberemovedasaperformance ( measure.  CDCcurrentlyfundsstatedisabilityandhealthprogramstoassessthemagnitudeofdisabilitiesinstate h populations,developstatebasedhealthpromotionprogramsthatincludepeoplewithdisabilities,andbuildand ( strengtheneachstatesinfrastructureandcollaborationssothatenvironmentalandlifestyleissuesaffectingthe  healthandwellbeingofpeoplewithdisabilitiescanbebetteraddressed.CDCalsofundsuniversityand X hospitalbasedresearchprojectstoexaminehealthstatus,levelsofsocialparticipation,andwaystoprevent h secondaryconditionsassociatedwithlimitationsinmobility,personalcareandhomemanagement, (  communication,andlearning;anddevelopandevaluatecosteffectivepublicheathinterventions.New ! performancegoalshavebeenaddedfortheseprograms. X" ThetwooverarchinggoalsofHealthyPeople2010relatedtopeoplewithdisabilitiesareto1)increasethequality ($ andyearsofhealthylifeforallAmericansand2)eliminatehealthdisparities.Thesegoalsareparticularly  % poignantforpeoplewithdisabilities.Thetraditionalnotionthatdisabilitymustnaturallybeequatedwithpoor X!& healthisnolongertenable.Publichealthandmedicalcareareexpandingtheirparadigmstoincludehealth "h' promotionanddiseasepreventioninthispopulation.Inaddition,peoplewithdisabilitiesoftenexperiencehealth "(( disparitiesrelatedtoenvironmentalbarriers,includingproblemswithphysicalaccessibility,societalattitudes,and #) accesstocare.CDCplanstoaddanewgoalnextyeartomonitorthesedisparities. X$*    `     h    ,'5 Ї GoalbyGoalPresentationofPerformance    A_@ d@8 APerformanceGoal:0 Monitor,characterize,andimprovethehealthstatusofAmericanswith i disabilities. 1 # # @v@*z1111!!ű@ *6`;ddA dd A  dd  dd 9dd 91`5##,A dd ,^ dd ,}dd ,dd +  /BB /PerformanceMeasure A,!V  ATargets A,!V  AActualPerformance A,!V  ARef.# DD#D  8#!V   8 Increasethenumberofstatesthat    implementLivingWellWitha r   Disabilityorasimilarhealth 6   promotionintervention $ J  $FY05: 20    FY04: 15  z  FY03: 10 B   FY02: 5   Z FY05:   FY04: z  FY03:  B   FY02:   Z  FY01: 1(baseline)  "    j  # DS#D Page   # D#D 89# DR#D  r  D  2  #Dʸ#Throughresearch,increase n  scientificknowledgetargetingthe .~  healthofpeoplewithdisabilities > asmeasuredbynewpeer   reviewedpublications produced n! bytheprogram $6" $FY05: n # FY04: 6 $ FY03: 20  N%  FY02: 10 &   '  FY05: n ( FY04: 6 ) FY03:  N*  FY02:  +  FY01: 10(baseline) ,   V-  # D#D Page n . # D޻# D 89# D?#  .~ /   D Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures: Forstateusingthe_BRFSS_Ԁtomonitordisabilities,CDCwill f0 verifydataviareviewsofreportsrequiredfromcooperativeagreementrecipients.Basedonthesereviews,CDC .1 willbeabletodeterminewhichstatesareusingthedisabilitymodule.Thenumberofpublicationseachyearwill 2 bemonitoredbythepublicationstrackingprogramin_NCBDDD_.# D# ^3   65 evYa>.*lx `Eeeee<  v ##    ## D TotalProgramFunding(Dollarsinthousands)     FY2003: 0 ` $146,0750` #` #0h##(Estimate)Mh#h#  FY2002: 0 ` $150,6980` #` #0h##(CurrentEstimate) h#h#  FY2001: 0 ` $143,7690` #` #0h##(Actual)# D;#D  xh#h#  Mandate  e   CDCsinjuryresearchandprogramsprotectAmericansfromharm.# D#D  -      HealthBurden   H  Injuriesaretheleadingcauseofyearsofpotentiallifelostbeforetheageof65.I# D#D njurytakesahightollonthe u  livesofAmericansandistheleadingkillerofchildren,teenagers,andyoungadults.Everyyear,nearly150,000 5  Americansdiefrominjuries,andhundredsofthousandsare_nonfatally_Ԁinjured;manysufferpermanent   disabilities.Althoughthegreatestcostofinjuryisinhumansufferingandloss,thefinancialcostsarealso P  staggering:morethan$224billionayearformedicalcareandrehabilitationandinlostincome. u  Despitegreatprogressininjurypreventionandcontrolduringthepastseveralyears,# D#D injuriesremainan  enormousproblemintheUnitedStates: P 0  RatesofhomicideandsuicideforyoungAmericans,particularlymen,arealarminglyhigherthanfor 5 anyotherWesternindustrializednation.## rb  rb0    Violenceamongintimatepartnerscontinuestoresultinlargenumbersofliveslost;eachyearover30% P ofwomenmurderedintheUnitedStatesarekilledbyaspouseorexspouse.rb݌u## Ќ  rb  rbK0    Homefiresandfallsamongolderpersonscausethousandsofdeathsandinjurieseachyearandresult 5 inhighmedicalcostsandsubstantialpropertyloss.rbKf݌## Ќ  rb  rb0    # D#D Anestimated 1.5millionAmericanssufferatraumaticbraininjuryeachyear.Ofthese,about230,000 P arehospitalizedannuallyand50,000die# D#D .Anestimated80,000to90,000peoplesurvivea_TBI_Ԁandare u disabled # D#D .# D#D rb݌5## Ќ  rb  rbE0    Approximately4millionpoisoningsoccureachyear,withassociatedyearlyhealthcarecostsof  approximately$3billion.rbE`݌P ## Ќ  rb  rb^0    About127,000childrenand29,200adultsreceivetreatmentinhospitalemergencydepartmentseach u! yearforbicyclerelatedheadinjuries.# D#D rb^y݌5"## Ќ  rb  rb0    # Dg#D Violenceisaleadingcauseofnonfatalinjuriesamongyoungpeople.In1995,almost400,00015to19 # yearoldswenttoemergencydepartmentsbecauseofinterpersonalviolence.# D8#D rb݌T$## Ќ  rb  rb0    # DE#D Over1millionchildreneachyeararevictimsofabuseandneglect# D#D . # D#D rb݌y %## Ќ  Strategies,Activities,andResources  "' Preventinginjuriescostsfarlessthantreatingthem.CDCssciencebasedapproachencompasses:1) "d( surveillancetofindouttheextentoftheproblem,2)researchtodetermineriskfactors,3)developmentand #$) implementationofpreventionprograms,4)evaluationtofindoutwhichinterventionsworkbest,5)supportto I$* statesandlocalpublichealthprograms,and6)partnershipswithpublicandprivateagenciesorganizations.  % + InJanuary1999,theInstituteofMedicinepublishedReducingtheBurdenofInjury:AdvancingPreventionand &$"- Treatment,whichencouragedtheexpansionofCDCsworkinalloftheseareasandprovidedrecommendations M'". toguideCDCinthedevelopmentofnewactivities.Theperformancemeasuresforinjurypreventionandcontrol (#/ reflectCDCsmissiontoprovideleadershipinpreventingandcontrollinginjuriesthroughresearch,surveillance, (l$0 implementationofprograms,andcommunication. ),%1  Linkstothe_DHHS_ԀStrategicPlan  +&3 Injurypreventionperformanceobjectivesandmeasuresrelateto_DHHS_ԀGoal1:Reducemajorthreatstothe +t'4 healthandproductivityofallAmericans. ,8(5 Ї&%D PresentationofPerformance #D%&?# e Thepresentationofperformanceforprogramsininjurypreventionisnecessarilybroadbecauseoftherangeand  breadthofCDCscrosscuttingactivities.Theseactivitiesaresummarizedinthetablebelowandaredetailedin ` thefollowingsections.   {YG 73h L'"<< `@XE ,  L@ {      ` &%DProtectingHealthandPromotingPartnerships    IIC.5aYouthViolencePrevention#D%&#  /  # D#D Homicideandsuicidetakethelivesofmorethan30ofAmericasyoungestcitizenseveryday.Homicideisthe 4  secondleadingcauseofdeathforU.S.youthaged15to24andthethirdleadingcauseforchildrenaged1to4.   # D#+DXXX +Youthviolenceisalsoresponsibleforhundredsofthousandsofnonfatalinjuriesamongyoungpersonsevery O year.Youthviolenceisacomplexissuethatgoestotheheartofoursocialsystemandeventothefamily t structure.Overthelast15years,CDChasusedsciencetounderstandtheproblemanddeterminewhatworks 4 topreventit.AswithmostproblemsaddressedbyCDC,thepublichealthapproachtoyouthviolencehasfour  components: O Descriptionoftheproblem:CDCanalyzesandreportsfindingsondeathsandinjuriesresultingfromviolence. 4 CDCalsosupportsthedevelopmentofsurveillancesystemsthatenhancetheunderstandingofviolencerelated  injuryandriskfactors./ XXXD/+DXXX + O Identificationofriskfactorsandprotectivefactors:CDCsupportedresearchsuggeststhatchildrenwhohave 4  goodsocialandcommunicationskills,learnthebasicsofresolvingconflictsnonviolently,andreceiveemotional   supportfromparentsorotheradultsarelesslikelytobehaveviolentlythanchildrenwithouttheseadvantages. !O Poverty,discrimination,andlackofopportunitiesforeducationandemploymentareimportantriskfactorsfor t" violenceandmustbeaddressedaspartofanycomprehensivesolutiontoyouthviolence.Strategiesfor 4# reducingviolenceshouldbeginearlyinlife,beforeyoungpersonsadoptviolentbeliefsandbehavioralpatterns. # In1992,CDCbeganfundingprojectstoevaluatewaystopreventandreduceaggressivebehavioramongyouth. $O  Mostprojectsemphasizedddprimarypreventionandcooperativeeffortsamongschools,healthdepartments,and t%! communitypartners./ XXXD/+DXXX + 4&!  Evaluationofinterventionsandprogramsdesignedtoreduceviolence:CDChasfundedseveralprojectstolook 'O#" atarangeofpromisinginterventions!peermediation,conflictresolutiontraining,_mentoring_,roleplaying, t($# improvementsinparentingskills./ XXXD./+DXXX +Sometargetedyoungchildrenandfamiliestopreventtheonsetofriskfactors, 4)$$ whereasotherstargetedadolescentswhoareathighrisk.Theseinterventionswillserveastheframeworkfor )%% performancemeasuresaimedatreducingtheincidenceofyouthviolence./ XXXD/D Ԁ *O&& Implementationofpromisingprogramsatthecommunitylevel:CDCworkswithmanypartnerstoensurethat 4,'( informationiswidelyavailable.# Dw#D  ,() Ї PerformanceSummary  e # Dv#D CDCsupportstenuniversitiesasNationalCentersofExcellencetodevelopandimplementprogramsthatwork, - conductresearch,andhelpcommunitiesaddresstheirownyouthviolenceproblems.Chosenfortheirstrong  researchcapabilityandcommunityinvolvement,thecentersstudywaystotranslateresearchintocommunity H actionandserveasnationalmodelsforthepreventionofyouthviolence.CDCsNationalYouthViolence m PreventionResourceCenter,acollaborationwithotherfederalagencies,providesasinglepointofaccessfor - informationonlineandtollfreeinEnglishandSpanish.# D#D   # D#D Tofurtherhelpcommunities,CDCdevelopedaresourceonthemostpromisingapproachesforpreventingyouth m  violence.BestPracticesinYouthViolencePrevention:ASourceBookforCommunityActionbuildsonthe -   lessonslearnedfromthefirstCDCfundedevaluationprojectsanddrawsontheexpertiseofthenationsleading    scientistsandpractitionersandthescientificliteratureonyouthviolenceprevention.BestPracticesisthefirst  L  publicationtodescribeeffective,sciencebasedpracticesinfourkeyareas:parentandfamilycentered u   activities,homevisits,socialandconflictresolutionskills,and_mentoring_.Withindaysofannouncingthe 5  availabilityofthesourcebook,CDCdistributedmorethan3,000copies.Ratherthandisseminatingthistoolvia   onetimeregionalseminars,CDCchoseamorebroaddisseminationandimplementationplaninvolvinghard P  copydistribution,implementationthroughacomprehensiveyouthviolencepreventionprogramthatisbeing u  implementedandevaluatedat40middleschoolsin4states,andbymakingthe_sourcebook_Ԁelectronically 5  availablethroughourNationalResourceCenterforYouthViolencelaunchedinJanuary,2001.Technical   assistanceonimplementingpreventionprogramsthatworkisbeingprovidedbyCDCstaff,aswellasour10 P AcademicCentersofExcellenceforYouthViolence.# DR#D  u # D#D Tohelpresearchersandpreventionspecialistsconductriskandprotectivefactorresearchandtoevaluate  youthviolencepreventionprograms,CDCalsopublishedMeasuringViolenceRelatedAttitudes,Beliefs,and P Behaviors:ACompendiumofAssessmentTools.Thecompendiumincludesquestions,scales,andinstruments y formeasuringattitudinal,_psychosocial_,behavioral,andenvironmentalfactorsrelatedtoviolence.# Dq#D Ԁ = CDC collaboratedwithDOEand_DOJ_Ԁonasecondnationalstudyofschoolassociatedviolentdeaths,1994 X 1999.ThestudywaspublishedintheJournalofAmericanMedicineinDecember2001.Thefirstnational } study,conductedbyCDCandDOE,examinedtheperiod1992to1994.Oftheschoolassociatedviolentdeaths = inthatstudy,thehighestlevelofriskwasinstudentsinsecondaryschools,inurbanschooldistricts,andof  minorityracialandethnicbackground.# D#+DXXX +Someofthefindingsindicatedthatmosteventsoccurredaroundthestart X oftheschoolday,duringthelunchperiod,oratheendoftheschoolday.Thestudyfurtherconcludedthatwhile }  schoolassociateddeathsarerareevents,theyhaveoccurredoftenenoughtoallowforthedetectionofpatterns =! andtheidentificationofpotentialriskfactors.# D^#D Thisreportprovidesinformationthatcanassistschool " administratorsandfacultyinplanningthetimingandfocusofviolencepreventionprograms. X# # DI#+DXXX +CDCsnewestprojectisaninnovative,multisiteevaluationofastateoftheartviolencepreventionprotocolfor = % middleschools.FoursitesarecollaboratingwithCDCtoimplementbestpractices,suchasconflictresolution,  & angermanagement,andfamilybasedinterventions,atmultiplesitessimultaneously.Theprojectinvolves9,000 !X' middleschoolstudentsin40schoolsacross4states,makingitoneofthelargesteffortstodate./ XXXDH/D  }"( ThemeasuresbelowwillhavebeenachievedbytheendofFY2003.IntheFY2004Performanceplan,CDC #* willproposenewmeasuresthatreflectthecurrentdirectionsofouryouthviolencepreventionprogram. $X +    `     h  ,(6  GoalbyGoalPresentationofPerformance  6D e #D 6Q#A_@ d@!A PerformanceGoal:0 Reducetheincidenceofyouthviolence.  # # @0v@1111!"@*`ddA dd A ^ dd ^ }dd }dd 6`;##, dd ,` dd ,dd ,dd +  /rr /PerformanceMeasure A,!; ATarget A,!; AActualPerformance A,!; ARef. 8#!; 8InaCDCfundedyouthviolence  2  project,reducethenumberof W   studentsreportingincidentsof    fighting. $ r  $ FY00: Reduceby30%  2       FY00: Achieved  2  FY96: Reducedby30% _   FY94: 50%(baseline) '      Page  2 174  W  Developbestpracticeprotocols C  forimplementationand   evaluationofyouthviolence ^  preventionprograms. $  $ FY03 :Increasematerialsand C  technicalassistanceprovided    viatheResourceCenterby15 f  percentd &  d FY02: Developcapacityfor K  technicalassistancethrough   theNationalYouthViolence n  PreventionResourceCenter. .!  FY01 :Providetechnical S" assistancetoatleast5 # communities. v$  FY00 :Disseminatetoatleast 6% 1targetaudience. c&  FY99 :Developprotocols.  #'  FY03:  C (  FY02: Bilingual/Technical [ , staffsuchaswriters,graphic # - artists,etc.havebeenhired. ~ .  FY01: Technicalassistance k0 providedviaAcademic 31 CentersofExcellence 2  FY00: Completedprotocol N3 development. {4  FY99: CompiledintoBest ;5 Practices_sourcebook_.  6 Page C 7 174# D#D   8 ! ! 9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLM"93"  9 2z33    : 0 @   93  ݌̌   9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLM    < Increasethenumberof [= regionalbestpractices > workshops,anddisseminate v? workshopresults. $6@ $ FY01: 8workshops [A  FY00: Develop/test >D disseminationmechanisms kE (e.g.,website).  +F  FY01: AchievedBest [G Practicestrainingviaother #H mechanisms(seenarrative) ~I  FY00: Launchedwebsite >J  FY97: 0workshops  3L Page [M 174# D #D  N   Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures: CDCwilluse_progammatic_Ԁoversighttoverifyandvalidate O performancemeasures NP &%D IIC._5b_Ԁ#D%&#&%DViolenceagainstWomenPrevention#D%&#  3$V Eachyear,2millionAmericanwomenexperiencedomesticorsexualviolence;75%ofthesewomenare %n!X assaultedbytheirintimatepartners.Femalevictimsofviolenceoftenhavephysicalandmentalhealth &."Y problemsandusehealthcarefacilitiesmorethannonvictimizedwomen.CDCslongtermgoalofreducingthe S'"Z incidenceofviolenceagainstwomenmaytakemanyyearstoachieve.Intheinterim,anongoingsystemis (#[ neededtomonitortheproblem,improvethelevelandscopeofpreventionandinterventionservices,evaluate (n$\ whatworksandcommunicatewhatweknowtoserviceproviders,andgainagreaterunderstandingofthesocial ).%] normsthatallowviolenceagainstwomen.Theshorttermgoalisthereforetodevelopsurveillance, S*%^ communications,andevaluation/feedbacksystemsthatwillspeedreductionsintheincidenceofviolenceagainst +&_ women. +n'`  ,.(a  PerformanceSummary  e # D#+DXXX +CDCfundsall50statestoproviderapepreventionandeducationservices.CDChas10projectsthatworkin - communitiestoimprovecoordinationamongsocial,legal,justice,publichealth,andotheragenciestorespondto  violenceagainstwomen.Becausespecialinterventionsareneededtoreachspecific_underserved_Ԁpopulations, H CDCsupports10innovativedemonstrationprojectstoimplementandevaluateculturallyappropriateapproaches m topreventviolenceagainstwomen.# D#D CDCisalsoextendingeffortstohardtoreachgroups.CDC# D#D Ԁfunded - Californiahealthworkerstoimplementanawardwinningtrainingprogramtoteachmigrantwomentoaddress  domesticviolence.CDCisevaluatingandreplicatingthisprograminWisconsinandTexas.# D #+DXXX +  H Withthehelpofexpertsinfamilyviolence,CDCdevelopeduniformdefinitionsforintimatepartnerviolenceand -   recommendeddataelementsforsurveillanceofsuchviolence./ XXXDC/+DXXX +CDCcontinuestofundsurveillancesystemsfor    intimatepartnerviolenceinfivestatehealthdepartments(Kentucky,Michigan,Oklahoma,Minnesotaand  H  Oregon).# Du#D  m   CDCensuresthatthelatestresearchreachespractitionersandotherprofessionalswhoservewomenwhoare   victimsofviolence.CDChostedtheinauguralNationalSexualViolencePreventionConference,wheremore H  than800participantssharedandlearnedaboutsuccessfulstrategiestopreventviolenceagainstwomen.CDC m  supportstheViolenceAgainstWomenPreventionResearchCenterandanelectronicnetworktoprovide -  domesticviolenceandsexualassaultcoalitionsandalliedorganizationswithtimelyinformationandefficient   waystocommunicateaboutpreventionandinterventioninitiatives.# D#D  H AclassroombasedinitiativeinNorthCarolinathatfocusesondatingviolenceisamongthemostpromising - preventionprogramsevaluatedbyCDCtodate.Asadirectconsequenceofthecurriculum,whichaddresses  genderstereotypes,conflictmanagementskills,andsocialnorms,eighthandninthgradershaveexhibitedless H toleranceforviolenceagainstwomen,withacorrespondingreductioninviolenceamongdatingteens. m # D!#D Ԛ GoalbyGoalPresentationofPerformance  6D  #D 6?$#?TA_@ d@u"A PerformanceGoal:0 Reduceviolenceagainstwomen. A # # @0v@:1111!#$@*`dd dd ` dd ` dd dd `##,& dd , dd ,dd ,dd +  /__ /PerformanceMeasure A,!^ ATarget A,!^  AActualPerformance A,!^! ARef. 8#!^" 8# D##D Establishabiennial surveyof# D(#D Ԁthe # incidenceandprevalenceof z$ violenceagainstwomen. $:% $ FY03: EvaluatePilottest & results '  FY02: Pilottestthesurvey B( Ѐ  o )  FY01: Developasurvey / * instrument.  +  FY00: Establishacommitteeto w"- developasurveyinstrument.  ?#. d FY03: d /  FY02: MakeOMB B1 suggestedrevisions o 2  FY01: Contractorhas / 3 developedquestionsfor  4 survey. !R5  FY00: Committee w"6 established ?#7  FY99: Nosurvey #8   G,'C # D(#D Page D 174# D;,#D  zE ! ! 9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLM"93"  9o-2z33   :F 0 @!   # D,#D 93o--݌ 8#_G 8Ќ  PerformanceMeasure A,!d A Target A,!d AActualPerformance A,!d ARef. 8#!d 8 9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLM,Establishdemonstrationprojects % toaddresspreventionofviolence  againstwomen. $@ $ FY03: Modifycurriculaand % researchinstrumentsas   appropriateandcontinue H  interventions# D.#D  m   FY02: Developandpublisha -   progressreportbasedonpilot    testingofresearchinstruments# D1#D   P  FY01: # D2#D Finalizecurriculaand u  researchinstrumentsforCDC =  _IRB_Ԁreview.# D2#D     FY00: Implement/begin  X  evaluationof2innovative   communitybasedprograms.  E   FY03:  %  FY02: Firstyearprogress -  reportsbeinganalyzed# D3#D     FY01: # D5#D Five(5)of10 }  projectsreceivedCDC_IRB_ E  protocolapproval.   # D5#D  FY00: 10projectsfunded  `   FY99: 0evaluations  (  # D_6#D Page %! 174# D7#D  " ! ! 9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLM"93"  9;82z33   @# 0 @!   # De7#D 93;8h8݌̌   % % Establisharesearchprogramto 4 & addressunderstudiedaspectsof Y ' violenceagainstwomen  ( # D8#D (e.g.,assessfactorsof t)   perpetrationof_IPV_Ԁthatwould 4* informdevelopmentof Y+ interventionsandtreatment)# D:#D . ,  0&42 0 FY03: # D;#D Begintranslating 4 3 # D;#D findingstocommunities. a 4  FY02: Identifyandinitiate ! 5 studiesofotherfactorswhich 6 leadtoperpetration D7  FY01: A ddressatleast# D$<#D Ԁ2 i8 understudiedtopicsfromthe 19 researchplan,withalongterm : goaloftranslatingfindingsto L; communities.# DW=#D  q < # DY>#D  FY00: Developaresearch 1= plan;identifypotentialresearch > institutions. 9/!T? 9 FY03:  4 @  FY02: Injuryresearchplan ! B isbeingreviewed. C  FY01: # D>#D ԀFundsawardedto iE _VAW_ԀPreventionResearch 1F Center toconductresearch.  G # D4@#D  FY00: Identifiedpriorities; 5J developed_RFP_;reviewed K applications;madefunding XL decisions. }M  FY99: Noresearchplan# D1A#D D -#!=N -#DB## DbB#D Page 4 O 174# DC#D  Y P ! ! 9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLM"93"  9GD2z33    Q 0 @!   # DqC#D 93GDtD݌̌   9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLMC# DD#D   YT Establishatleastone 4U surveillancesystemforcollecting YV intimatepartnerviolencedata W representativeofanentirestate. $tX $ FY03: Integrate_IPV_Ԁwithother 4Y surveillancesystems aZ  FY02: Continuetodevelop ![ statewidesurveillancesystems \  FY01: Developandpilotthe i ^ surveillancesystem. 1!_  FY00: Identifydatasourcesat "La thestatelevel.  y#b  FY03: 4c FY02: Statewidesurveys )e completedintwoadditional f states Lg  FY01: Onestate(MI)has q h establishedastatewide 9!i sample# DE#D  !j  FY00: Funded3more "Tk states. #l  FY99: Funded3statesto A$m exploredatacollection  % n methods. %d!o   +d'w # DI#D Page 4x 174# DK#D  Yy ! ! 9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLM"93"  9 definitionswillimproveourabilitytomonitornationalincidenceandtrends,determinethescopeofthisproblem, 5&!? assesstheeffectivenessofinterventions,andinformpolicy.CDCiscurrentlyrevisingthesexualviolencecase &"@ definitionsandrevisionsareexpectedtobepublishedinFY02. 'P#A CDChascontractedwiththeInstituteofMedicine(_IOM_)toconductanassessmentofthetrainingneedsof 5)$C healthcareproviderstodetect,andrefervictimsoffamilyandintimateviolenceorsexualassault.Theresultsof )%D thiscontractwillprovidethebasistosupportpreventionorientedresearchthatwillleadtogreaterknowledgeof *P&E preventionstrategiesforprofessionaltrainingandeducation.ThereportwasfinalizedinSeptember2001. u+'F  -P)I ЇTheCDCfundedNationalSexualViolenceResourceCenterisdesignedto:1)strengthenthesupportsystemfor e sexualassaultsurvivors,2)provideleadershipinpreventingsexualviolence,3)provideinformationand % resources,policyanalysis,anddevelopment,and4)enhancepreventionofsexualviolenceandcommunity  responsetosuchviolencebyprovidingtechnicalassistanceandprofessionalconsultationtosexualassault @ programs,stateandlocalorganizations,communityvolunteers,andthemedia.CDCcontinuestoprovide e technicalassistanceandconsultationtostatesexualassaultcoalitions,statehealthdepartments,localprograms, % andresearchers.   GoalbyGoalPresentationofPerformance  %   A_@ d@ H#A PerformanceGoal:0 Enhancethecapacityofstatestoimplementeffectiverapepreventionand  y  educationprograms.  A  # # @0v@: 1111!$gh@*`dd& dd & dd dd dd `##, dd ,@ dd ,@ dd ,dd +  /: :  /PerformanceMeasure A,!  ATarget A,!  AActualPerformance A,!  ARef. 8#!  8Developcasedefinitionsfor _  sexualassault. $  $ FY02: Publishand _  disseminatecasedefinitions  '   FY02: CaseDefinitions _  currentlybeingrevised. '      # D`#D Page _  174# Dem#D    # Dm#D   z  Conductstatetrainingprograms. ;  $ $ FY03: Conductatleast1 ; trainingsessionbasedona  needsassessment ^   FY02: Assesstrainingneeds ! ofsexualassaultprevention K" programstaff   #  FY03: ;$ FY02: Conductedneeds .' assessment.# Dn#D   [( # DBp#D Page ;) 174# Dp#D  * # Dp# V+  f D Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasure: CDCwillcollectannualprojectreportsfromeachprogram ^, fundedtoverifyperformance.fhq v-    ` &%D#&0"%%&}q# &%"%&0#D%&r#&%DIIC.5d0  ChildMaltreatment#D%&s## Dr# 0## D # Ds#D Over1millionchildreneachyeararevictimsofabuseandneglect.Since1998,congressionallanguage )2 annuallyindicatedthat_NCIPC_Ԁshouldsupportinitiativesdirectedtopreventphysicalandemotionalinjuries N3 associatedwithchildmaltreatment.Inresponse,agroupofchildmaltreatmentexperts(representing 4 researchersfromavarietyofacademicdisciplines,federalagenciesandserviceproviders)wereconvenedin i5 October1999todetermine_NCIPC_sfutureactivitiesintheareaofchildmaltreatment.  )6 Despitebasicprotectionsforchildren,theliteraturedemonstratesthatthereisgreatvariabilityintheapplication "8 ofinterventionsforchildrenwhoaremaltreatedoratriskofbeingmaltreated(Kaplanetal.1999).Also,the "i9 incidenceofchildmaltreatmenthasbeenincreasing(_Sedlak_Ԁ_Broadhurst_,1996).Eventhoughsomeofthe #): increasecanbeattributedtoincreasedsensitivityinreporting,anincreaseinseverityofinjuriesattributableto N$; maltreatmentduringtheperiod1980through1993isclearlydocumented.Thereisaneed,then,formore % < informationoninterventionsthatpreventchildmaltreatment,orthatpreventrepeatoccurrencesofmaltreatment.# Dt#D  %i!= z   `  # DKz#D  PerformanceSummary # Dz#D  N'"? # D6{#D TheCDCcontractedwith_ORC_ԀMacroInternationaltoevaluateSTOPITNOW!,asocialmarketingcampaign (#@ designedtoreducechildsexualabuse. (q$A  Fundswereawardedfor(1)4statebasedmortalitysurveillanceprojects(MI,CA,RI,MN)tocomparealternative V*%C approachestosurveillanceforfatalandnonfatalchildmaltreatmentand(2)3statebasedmorbiditysurveillance +&D projects(CA,MO,RI)totestmethodsthatmaybeemployedforthesurveillanceofviolenceatallages.Work +q'E willinvolveexploringvariousreportingsystemswhichcouldbeusedtocollectsurveillancedata,pilottestdata ,1(F sourcesforimprovedinformationonchildmaltreatment(physical,sexualandpsychologicalabuse/neglect),and V-(G determinethereliabilityofthedata. .)H ЇTheChildAbuse/Suicide/_IPV_/SVDataCollectionPilotcontinuesworkbeguninFY01topilottestdatascreened e tocollectepidemiologicinformationonchildmaltreatment,suicide,_IPV_ԀandSV.EmergencyDepartmentvisits % includefrequencyofvisits,injurydetails,multipleinjurydata,andsocialservicesreferralinformation. # D{# D   AcomprehensivereviewofallpublishedliteratureinEnglish(withinandoutsideoftheUnitedStates)isbeing e conductedtoidentifyanddescribeevaluatedandunevaluatedchildmaltreatmentprogramsintheUnitedStates % andCanadasince1980.  Toworkonthecombinedproblemofchildmaltreatmentandintimatepartnerviolence,CDCisparticipatingin e  The GreenBookProject,acollaborationamong8federalagenciestostopthevictimizationofwomenand %   children.Thiscollaborationhasfunded6projectsdevelopedtoimpactthejudicialandsocialservicessystems    abusedwomenandchildrencomeincontactwith.  @    Presently,_NCIPC_ԀisworkingwithCaliforniaStateUniversitythroughtheIntergovernmentalPersonnelAct %  MobilityProgramwithatemporaryassignmentofaresearchfellowtoworkwiththeOklahomastateprogramto   evaluateastatewidenetworkofComprehensiveHomeBasedServices(_CHBS_).TheOklahomaprojectisa @  largescaleeffectivenesstrialoftheProject_SafeCare_Ԁmodel,whichprovideshomebasedparenting,andfamily e  preservationservicestoapproximately2,000familiesannually.Thefellowisassistingintheimplementation, %  datacollectionandanalysis,oftheoverallProjectSafeCaremodeleffectivenesstrial.     Fundssupportoneresearchproposalinresponsetoan_RFP_ԀdevelopedbytheNIHChildAbuseandNeglect e WorkingGroupconsistingofseveralfederalagenciesinandoutsideNIH.Thestudyisamultisitelongitudinal % studyof560adolescentmothersand180adultmothersandtheirchildrenrecruitedfromprenatalclinicsand  healthprovidersinfourdifferentsites.Theprojectisaimedatclarifyingandmeasuringneglectfromfive @ differentmeasurementsources(e.g.,cellphoneinterviewsanddirectobservationofparentinfantinteractions), e establishingascreeningtoolbasedonprenatalparentbehavior,examiningimpactofneglectonseveral % characteristics(e.g.,intelligence)overthefirstthreeyearsoflife,andtestingandrefiningaconceptualmodel  relatingparentalcharacteristicsandotherfactorstochildoutcome. @  TheParentingCommunityTrial willbeamultisite,multilevelevaluationofaparentingimprovementprogram % thatincludesavarietyofapproachestofamilyinterventions.TheinterventionsthatCDCwillevaluatewill  includebriefprimarycareconsultations,andavarietyofmoreintensivetrainingforparents.Itcanbedelivered @ inmanyways,sowearehopefulthatitwillbeeffectiveinmanydifferentcommunitiesinreducingchild e  maltreatment,youthviolence,andfamilyviolence. %! IntheFY2003PerformancePlan,CDCwillproposeperformancegoalsandmeasuresthatreflectthecurrent @# directionsofourchildmaltreatmentpreventionprogram.# D5#D  e$    `     h &%D IIC.5eUnintentionalInjuryPrevention  #* #&0"%%&#&%"%&0#D%&#UnintentionalinjuryistheleadingcauseofdeathforAmericansages134.Eachyear,morethan90,000people %8!, dieintheU.S.asaresultofunintentionalinjuries.DuringanaverageyearintheU.S.,unintentionalinjuries ]&!- accountfornearly31millionemergencyroomvisits.Forchildren,injuryistheleadingcauseofdeath, '". accountingfor41%ofthesedeathsafterthefirstyearoflife.Medicaidpays$1billionannuallyforemergency 'x#/ treatmentofinjuredchildren.AmongolderAmericans,7,000dieeachyear,duetomotorvehiclecrashesand (8$0 another175,000sustainnonfatalinjuries.Traumaticbraininjury(_TBI_)ratesarehighestamongpersons75years ])$1 andolder,predominantlyduetofalls,whichoftenresultindisabilityordeath.Manyofthesedeathsare *%2 preventable.CDCfundscommunitylevelprogramsin25statesincollaborationwithstatehealthdepartments *x&3 andotherpartnersimplement,andevaluatemultifacetedinjurypreventionandsurveillanceprograms.CDCalso +8'4 fundsresearchatourteninjurycontrolresearchcentersofexcellenceandsupportsresearchgrantsacrossthe ],'5 country. -(6  -x)7  HeadInjuryPrevention     e # D#D CDCdataindicatethatapproximately1millionindividualsaretreatedfor_TBI_Ԁinhospitalemergencydepartments - (ED)annually,withratesofEDvisitsof390per100,000peryear.PopulationbaseddatafromSouthCarolina  indicatethat80%to90%of_TBI_Ԁcasesaretreatedin_EDs_Ԁandthatthehighestratesoccuramongthoselessthan H age19yearsandthoseaged65yearsandolder.Surveillancedatafrom14statesdocumentedhospitalization m ratesfor_TBI_Ԁofabout90per100,000populationandfatalityratesofabout18per100,000.Malesrepresent66% - ofhospitalizedcases.Roughly50%of_TBI_Ԁhospitalizedcasesinthosestatesresultedfrommotorvehicle  crashes,another25%resultedfromfalls,andabout6%fromnonfirearmassaults.  H OtherCDCdatashowsthatannuallyabout3,000childrenunder14yearsofagediefrom_TBI_,29,000are -   hospitalizedandanother400,000receivetreatmentinemergencydepartments.    Eachyearbicyclemishapsresultinan# DA#D estimated127,000childrenandteensand29,200adultsbeingtreatedin m   emergencydepartmentsforinjuriestothebrain,face,eye,orear .Ofthese,about33,000aretraumaticbrain -  injuries;almost80%aresustainedbychildren.# D#D Bicyclesareassociatedwithmorechildhoodinjuriesthanany   otherconsumerproductexceptmotorvehicles.In1998,anestimated362,000childrenweretreatedin H  emergencydepartmentsforbicyclerelatedinjuries.Abicyclehelmetisthesinglemosteffectivesafetydevice m  availabletoreduceinjurytothebrainandupperfacefrombicyclecrashes.CDCfundedresearchhas -  demonstratedthatwearingabikehelmetreducestheriskofheadinjuryby85%andtheriskoftraumaticbrain   injuryby88%.# D#D  H  PerformanceSummary  - InFY1998,CDCbeganasecondroundofbicycleheadinjurypreventioncooperativeagreementsin5states.  Nearlyalloftheseprojectsshowedearlyincreasesinobservedhelmetuse.Thehelmetuserateforthe15 P interventioncommunitiesin5stateswas40%beforeimplementationoftheprogramandincreasedto58%by u theendofthesecondgrantyear!exceedingtheHP2000objectiveof50%use.Thefundedprojectswerenot 5 reachingthepopulationsofgreatestrisk,underscoringCDCslimitedcapabilitytomakeasubstantialimpacton  thereductionoftheseinjuries. P Duetotheexceptional# D#D effortsofprivate,nationalnonprofitpartnerorganizationssuchastheNationalSAFE 5 KIDSCampaignandtheBicycleHelmetSafetyInstitute,CDChaslimitedactivitiesinthisarena.InFY2001,  CDCfundedSAFEKIDS# D#D toaddressbicyclerelatedinjuriesandtheneedforbicyclehelmets,amongother P preventionactivities.CDCalsofundedtheNationalBicycleSafetyNetwork!agroupoffederal,nonprofit,and u  advocacyagenciesdedicatedtopromotionofbikesafety!todevelopanationalactionplanthatwillinclude 5! recommendationsforCDCandotherpartners.AbicyclehelmetuseprojectwasfundedbyCDCinFY2001at " theArizonaStateDepartmentofHealth. P# Toaddressthemedicalandsocialaspectsofdisabilityassociatedwithtraumaticbraininjuries,CDCbegan 5 % creatingasurveillancesystemtotrack_TBIs_.Since1994,CDChasfundedmorethan15statehealth  & departmentstoreportthenumberofpersonswhodieorseekhospitalcarewith_TBIs_.CDCalsofundsfollowup !P' studiesintwostatestodescribe_TBI_Ԅrelateddisabilityanduseofservices.CDChasmodifiedthe_TBI_ u"( performancegoaltoalignwiththeseprogramdirections.CDChasalsochangedperformancemeasuresand 5#) targetstofocusonoutcomesratherthanprocesses. #* # DY#D CDCandStateswillcontinuetousedatafromtheuniformreportingsystemtoguidethedevelopmentof u%!, TraumaticBrainInjury(_TBI_)programs.CDCwillcontinue_TBI_Ԁfollowupregistriestounderstandbettertheimpact 5&!- of_TBI_Ԁonemployment/otherdailylivingactivitiesandtoexploretheuseofregistriestolink_TBI_Ԁvictimsto &". services.CDCwillalsoimprovepublicawarenessof_TBI_Ԁbyprovidinginformationonthetreatment,outcomes, 'P#/ andresourcesavailableforpersonswithlesssevere_TBI_.CDCbelievesthatits_TBI_Ԁsurveillancesystem(12 u($0 stateswerebeingfundedinFY2001atapproximately$135,000/state)willcontinuetohaveasubstantiallocal 5)$1 impactState_TBI_Ԁdatahavebeenusedtotargetpreventionprogramsforfalls,AllTerrainVehicles, )%2 snowmobilesandsuicide.Otherimpactsinclude: *P&3  R9GHIJKLM(Axx9GHIJKLM"93"  93n2A3  0    InSouthCarolina,_TBI_Ԁdatawereusedtoadvocateforandincreasestatefundingforservicesforpeople 5,'5  with_TBI_Ԁand_SCI_Ԁfrom$1millionto$9million.# D#D 93n݌,(6## Ќ  _ R9GHIJKLMD(AxxR9GHIJKLM"93"  93 2A3  0    InGeorgia,CDCdatawereusedbyadvocatestohelppassthe_TBI_ԀTrustFundwhichwillgenerate e  millionsofdollarsfrom_DUI_Ԁfinestoprovideservicestopersonswith_TBI_,and93 :݌%## Ќ  "93"  932A3  0    InOklahoma,abankloanforarehabilitationcenterwasobtainedusingCDC_TBI_Ԁdata.93 ݌## Ќ  @77+7 R9GHIJKLM(AxxR9GHIJKLMD# D#D @77+7 GoalbyGoalPresentationofPerformance   A_@ d@q $A PerformanceGoal:0 # Dݵ#D ReducethenumberandseverityofheadinjuriesinCDCfundedprojectsby  = increasingbicyclehelmetuse. j   # # @Pt޾@c 1111!%U@*`dd dd @ dd @ @ dd @ dd `##, dd , dd , dd ,dd +  /c  c  /PerformanceMeasure A,! b  ATarget A,! b  AActualPerformance A,! b  ARef. 8#! b 8Reducethenumberofbicycle #  relatedemergencydepartment ~  visitsby5%peryearfrom >  123,475in1995. $c  $ FY00: 5%reduction #   FY99: 5%reduction     CY00: 127,500 #   FY99: Datacollectionbegan   inFY2000 N   FY95: 123,475  s  # Dڶ#D Page #  # D2#D 174# D#D   ~  Increasetheuseofbicycle j  helmetsbychildandteen * bicyclistsinCDCfundedproject O areas.   $* $ FY01: Increaseuseby7%. j +  FY00: Increaseuseby25%. W-  FY99: Increaseuseby30%.  :4  FY01: PartiallyAchieved j 5 fundingendedinFY00 26  FY00: Percentabove W7 Ѐbaseline. 8 ЀCA+15% z9 ЀCO+6% :: ЀFL+40% _; ЀOK+616% < ЀRI0% z=  FY99: 0  Percentabove :> baseline.g?   ЀCA.0  +7%'@   0  CO0  +3%A   0  FL0  8%BB   0  OK0  +250%gC   0  RI0  0%'D    FY98: 0  Percentabove E baseline.JF   ЀCA.0  +4%o G   0  CO0  +16%/ H   0  Florida0  +5% I   0  OK0  +333%!JJ   0  RI0  +325%o" K    FY97: 0  Baseline:Proportion /#L ofchildrenwearing #M helmets.$R N   0  CA0  .54w%!O   0  CO0  .307&!P   0  FL0  .62&"Q   0  OK0  .06'R#R   0  RI0  .08 w($S   # DҼ#D Page j T 174# D#D  *U ! ! 9GHIJKLM(zxxR9GHIJKLM"93"  982z33   OV 0 @r!   # Db#D 938e݌ W  Ќ     `  -)] ЇA_@ d@%%A PerformanceGoal:0 Improvethetimelinessandqualityofdatausedtodeterminethemedicaland V socialimpactoftraumaticbraininjury.  # # @0v@1111!&t@*`dd dd dd  dd  dd `##, dd , dd ,dd ,dd +  / /PerformanceMeasure A,!{ ATarget A,!{ AActualPerformance A,!{ ARef. 8#!{ 8Developauniformreporting r systemfor_TBI_;determine  2  incidenceandprevalence; W   reportonusesofstate    surveillanceandfollowup  r  registrydata;disseminate  2  informationon_TBI_Ԁtrends. W  # D#D  $r  $# D#D  FY03: ReviseCNSsurveillance r guidelinestoincludeprotocols  : forcollectionofdataonmild_TBI_; _  # D>#D # DE#D  FY02: # D#D disseminaterevised  z protocolforCNS_TBI_  B surveillance;conductanexpert g   conferencetodevelopprotocols '  formild_TBI_;   # D#D  FY01: # D5#D UseStatesurveillance B  andfollowregistriesdatato o  disseminateinformationof_TBI_ /  trends.# D#D     FY00: Reportonusesofstate J _TBI_Ԁsurveillancedata;report w incidenceandprevalence. 7   FY99: Increase_TBI_Ԁfollowup R" registriesfrom1inFY1997to2 # byFY1999.  ?$ # D}#D  FY03:  r%  FY02: Surveillancedata  z) submissionguidelines  B* disseminatedto12states; g  + Panelwasconvened. ' , # D<#D  FY01: # DZ#D Ԁ_TBI_Ԁdatahasbeen B . analyzedtoassesstrends o / andimpactofchangesin / 0 healthcaredelivery  1 # D#D  FY00: Achieved J2  FY99: Funded2registries, R6 15surveillancesystems; 7 formeduniformreporting ?8 system. 9  FY98: 1followup ; registry;15state G< surveillancesystems. =   -b)V # D#D Page rW 174# D#D   2X # D#D  ) r _ )PerformanceMeasure A,!d A Target A,!d AActualPerformance A,!d ARef. 8#!d 8ImplementCDCguidelinesfor % designanduseof_TBI_Ԁregistries  in2statesby2004;report @ outcomesassociatedwith_TBI_. e # D5#D  $@ $# D#D  FY03: Disseminatefindingsof % feasibilitystudy   FY02: Determinethefeasibility H oflinkingregistrydatatoservice u provisionforpersonswith_TBI_. 5   FY01: # Db#D ԀDevelopaquestionnaire  ! for_TBI_Ԁfollowup;collect,analyze  X " anddisseminateinformationon } # disabilityandother_TBI_Ԅrelated = $ outcomes.   % # D#D  FY00: Disseminatereporton ) _TBI_Ԁandpublichealth,with `* recommendationsonuseof  + registries;disseminate_TBI_ E, brochure. -  FY99: Developguidelinesfor `. registriesforcollectingfollowup (/ databy2002. M0   (3  FY03:  %4  FY02: # DR#D ԀLinkagefeasibility P6 projectsin2stateshave }7 beencompleted;onefinal = 8 reporthasbeenprepared  9 andonelinkage  X: implementationprojectisin } ; progress. = < # D#D  FY01: # D#D ԀQuestionnairehas  = beendeveloped,datahave  ` > beencollectedandbeen  ? presentedatmorethan10 E @ conferences,adatabook  A summaryof_TBI_Ԁoutcomes ` B hasbeenpreparedand  C disseminated.  E D # DD#D  FY00: Achieved; E Guidelinesforregistriesfor hF collectingfollowupdata (G completed(SeeFY99 MH target).  I  FY99: Guidelinesunder hJ development;reviewed 0K surveillanceactivitiesin33 UL states;12statesreported M useofsystemstoidentify pN _TBI_Ԁsurvivorsandprovide 0O informationonservices. UP  FY98 :Guidelinesunder Q development.  xR # D#D Page %S 174# D#D  T # D*#D   X   Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures: CDCwillvalidateperformancebyuseofsurveillancedata hX andfollowupinformationfrom_TBI_Ԁregistries,alongwithprogrammaticoversight. 0Y    `     h   &%D IIC.5fFireRelatedInjuryPrevention #D%&# #p` TheUnitedStateshasthethirdhighestdeathratefromfiresofanyindustrializedcountry.Firesandburnsare u%!b thesixthleadingcauseofunintentionalinjurydeathinthiscountry.# D# D In1999,themostrecentyearforwhichwe 5&!c havedata,homefires(whichincludehouses,apartmentsandmanufacturedhomes)accountedfor73%offire &"d relatedinjuriesand81%offirerelateddeaths.#  D#D ԀAnestimated383,000residentialfireskillednearly3,600persons 'P#e intheUnitedStatesin1999(1.1/100,000)andinjuredanadditional16,000.Propertydamagecausedbyfires u($f exceeded$4.6billion.# D# D About40%ofhomefiresreportedtoU.S.firedepartmentsand52%ofhomefiredeaths 5)$g occurinhomeswithnosmokealarms.#  D#D ԀHousefiredeathratesarehighestforchildrenunderage5andforadults )%h olderthan65.DeathratesforBlacksandNativeAmericansaremorethantwicetherateforwhites.Therateof *P&i deathfromhousefiresishighamongthepoor,thelesseducated,andthoselivinginmobilehomesbuiltbefore u+'j 1976,whenHUDconstructionsafetystandardswere# D# D Ԁinitiated. 5,'k  #  D#O%.  ,(l # .O%#D Mostfire-relateddeathsoccurduringfiresthatstartatnightwhileresidentsareasleep,atimewheneffective e  detectionandalertingsystemsareofspecialimportance.Workingsmokealarmsoneverylevelgiveresidents % enoughwarningtoescapenearlyalltypesoffires.Ifafireoccursinahome,aworkingsmokealarmcanreduce  theriskofdeathbyabout50%.Anysmokealarm!ionizedorphotoelectric,ACorbatterypowered!willoffer @ adequatewarning,providedthealarmislistedbyanindependenttestinglaboratoryandisproperlyinstalledand e maintained.Anestimated94%ofU.S.householdshaveatleastonesmokealarm,butatleastonefourthare % nonfunctionalbecausepeopleeitherremovethebatteries(oftenbecauseofnuisancealarmsfromcooking)or  failtoreplacebatteriesyearly.Toaddressthefunctionalityofsmokealarms,CDCfundedaSmallBusiness  @ InnovativeResearchprojectthatledtothedevelopmentofalonglastinglithiumbatterypoweredalarmwitha e  hushbuttonfornuisancealarms. %   Althoughalarmsprovideanearlywarning,theydonotpreventfires.Moreeducationisneededaboutescape  @  plansandfireprevention.Since1996,CDChascollaboratedwiththeNationalFireProtectionAssociation e  (_NFPA_),theU.S.ConsumerProductSafetyCommission(_CPSC_),UnitedStatesFireAdministration(_USFA_)and %  otherstodevelopandtestaneducationalprogramtoreducetheincidenceoffireandfallrelatedinjuriesamong   olderadults.InFY02,CDCwillworkwith_USFA_Ԁand_CPSC_Ԁonestablishingacollaborativeprogram/initiativeto @  significantlyreduceresidentialfiredeaths.Activitieswillincludeestablishingsurveillance,educationalprograms, e  evaluatingprogramsthatwork,andconductingresearch. %   PerformanceSummary  @ In1994,CDCstartedfundingstatestoestablishsmokealarminstallationprojectsinhighriskcommunities.In m 1997,CDCfunded5statestocomparedifferentapproachestopromotinguseofsmokealarmsinhighrisk - households.Dataanalysisiscurrentlyunderway.In1998,CDCfunded14statestoconductsmokealarm  installationprogramscoupledwithfiresafetyeducationinatleast2communities(eachprojectyear)athighrisk H forhomefiredeaths.Thegoalofthisprogramistoincreasetheproportionofhouseholdsinstatefunded m projectswithfunctionalsmokealarms,particularlythoseathighestriskforfiredeathsandinjuries.Projectstaff - identifyhighriskhomesandtargetpopulationsunderage5andover65.Healthdepartmentsworkwithfire  departmentsandcommunitybasedorganizations.In2.5years,CDCs14statesmokealarm H installation/educationprogramhasinstalledover100,000smokealarmsinprogramhomesandover150lives m havebeensavedbyearlywarningfromasmokealarm.FundingforthisroundofstateprojectsendedinFY01. - BeginninginFY2002,CDCwillfundanew13state,5yearsmokealarminstallation/educationprogram.  @77+7 GoalbyGoalPresentationofPerformance  " A_@ d@u&A PerformanceGoal:0 Reducetheincidenceofresidentialfirerelatedinjuriesanddeathsbyincreasing A$ functionalsmokealarmsoneveryhabitablefloor. n % # # @0v@g!1111!'x@*`dd dd dd dd dd `##, dd ,v dd ,* dd ,dd +  /g!&g! /PerformanceMeasures A,!!f' ATargets A,!!f( AActualPerformance A,!!f) ARef. 8#!!f* 8Theincidenceofresidentialfire '#+ relateddeathswillbereduced. $#, $ FY03: 1.1per100,000 '#-  FY02: 1.1per100,000# Dm#D  #.  FY01: 1.1per100,000# D.#D  $R /  FY00: 1.1per100,000# D#D  %!0  FY99: 1.1per100,000# D#D  G&!1   '"2  FY03: 10/2004 '#3  FY02: 10/2003# D#D  #4  FY01: 10/2002# D0#D  $R 5  FY00: 1.2per100,000# D#D  %!6  FY99: 1.2per100,000 G&!7  FY97: 1.1per100,000# D#D   '"8 # D#D Page '#9 # D #D 174# Dd #D   #: InCDCfundedprojectswithin k($; 13states(ournewroundof +)$< stateprojects),increasethe )%= numberofhomeswithatleast *F&> onesmokealarmoneach k+'? habitablefloor.# D #D  +,'@  $-F)B $# D #D d FY03 :41,600 k($C Ѐ FY02: 20,800d  3)$D  FY03:  k($E  FY02: Dataavailable 3)$F 12/2002 )%G  FY01: Beganinstallationof *V&H smokealarms  +'I Page k($J 174# D #D  ) +)$K )PerformanceMeasures A,!d A Targets A,!d AActualPerformance A,!d ARef. 8#!d 8InCDCfundedprojectswithin % 14states(ourpreviousroundof  stateprojects),increasethe @ proportionofhomeswithat e leastonesmokedetectoron %   eachhabitablefloor.    *Thisdatasourceshaschanged e   fromthe1time_CPSC_ԀSmoke %   DetectorSurveytotheannual   NationalHealthInterview  @  Survey $e  $ FY01: 65% %  FY00: 60%   FY99: Theproportionof P homeswithatleastonesmoke } detectorwillbeincreasedfrom =  80%in1993to88%in1999.*   dd  }   FY01: 72% %  FY00: 69.4%   FY99: 87%* P   } Page % 174# D #D    Publishrecommendationsfor T  conductingandevaluating y  smokealarmpromotion 9 ! programs.  " dd $y$ $ FY02: Publishand T % disseminate  & recommendations.  A ' FY01: Disseminate  ( recommendations. d)  FY00: Publish $* recommendations. Q+  FY99: Develop , recommendationsfor t- constituentreview.  4.  FY02: T / FY01: R# D# D ecommendations  2 drafted. t3 #  D#D  FY00: Dataanalysisin 44 progress a5  FY99: Achieved  !6 Page T 7 174# D0#D  y 8  # D#D  Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures: CDCwillverifythefirstmeasureviatheannualproject I9 reportingsystemfromeachstatehealthdepartment# Db#D . :    `     h    `     h     &%DIIC.5gInjuryPreventionandControlResearch #D%&/# ,@ ЀTheCDCinjurypreventionandcontrolresearchprogramfundsandmonitorsextramuralandintramuralresearch 1B inthreephasesofinjurycontrol:prevention,acutecare,andrehabilitation.Theprogramalsofundsresearchin C thetwomajordisciplinesusedininjurycontrolresearch:_biomechanics_Ԁandepidemiology.Researchsupported  LD bytheprogramfocusesonthebroadbasedneedtoreducemorbidity,disability,death,andcostsassociatedwith q! E injury.Theresearchprogramclassifiesinjuriesasintentionalorunintentional: 1"F  R9GHIJKLMD(Axx9GHIJKLM"93"  932A3  0    Intentionalinjuriesresultfrominterpersonal,orselfinflicted,violenceandincludehomicide,assaults, #LH suicideattempts,elderandchildabuse,domesticviolenceandrape;93݌q$ I## Ќ  "93"  93O2A3  0    Unintentionalinjuriesincludethosethatresultfromsuchcausesasmotorvehiclecrashes,falls,fires, 1% J poisonings,and_drownings_;93O|݌%!K## Ќ  CDCsextramuralresearchprogramsupportsindividual,investigatorinitiatedresearchthatistargetedtoa q' #M specificsetofresearchquestions.Theprogramfundsteninjurycontrolresearchcentersor Centersof 1(#N Excellence,twospecializedpreventionresearchcenters,whichaddresssuicideandviolenceagainstwomen, ($O and# Da#D Ԁindividualresearchgrantsandsmallbusinessinnovativeresearchgrants. )L%P Intheintramuralprogram,CDCscientistsconducthighqualitystudiesthatapplyestablishedepidemiologicand 1+&R behavioralsciencemethodstoevaluatetheefficacyandeffectivenessofinterventions,analyzemortalityand +'S otherdatatounderstandthescopeoftheinjuryproblemandwhoisasgreatestrisk,andstudyinformationon ,L(T whypeopleareatriskforinjuryandwhatfactorskeepsomefrombecominginjuryvictims. q- )U  1.)V _InFY2002,CDCseekstoaddress: e  c9GHIJKLM(fZxxR9GHIJKLMD"93"  93$2fZ"3  0    fallrelatedinjuriesamongolderadults,elderlydrivers,andchildpassengersafety;and93$$݌## Ќ  "93"  93%2fZ"3  0    childmaltreatment,suicide,violenceagainstwomen,andyouthviolence.93%&݌@## Ќ  Injuriesamonghighriskpopulationsareaspecialfocus.Primaryresearchactivitiesinvolvetherigorous % assessmentoftheeffectiveness(i.e.,theimpactoroutcome)ofinterventionstoreduceunintentionalinjuryrisk  behaviors,injurymorbidity,mortality,and/orcostsrelatedtoinjuriesathome,inrecreation,andduringtravel.  @ CDCconductsandsponsorsresearchthatfocusesonsurveillanceofunintentionalinjuriesandontheefficacy e  andeffectivenessofinterventions,suchasthedevelopmentandevaluationofpromisingnewinterventions, %   andtheevaluationofwidelyimplementedinterventionsforwhichevaluationisneeded.Researchprojects    addresscounseling,epidemiology,healthservicesdelivery,training,education,productengineering,  @  environmentalandbehavioralchange,andpolicy.Projectsarevariouslycarriedoutincommunitysettings, e  laboratories,schools,academiccentersandclinicalsettings.Researchareasincludefallspreventionamongthe %  elderly,reducingresidentialfiresandburns,bicyclesafety,decreasingalcoholimpaireddriving,playground   injuryprevention,suicide,violenceagainstwomen,youthviolence,olderdriverrisks,childpassengersafety, @  NativeAmericaninjuryprevention,drowningprevention,watersafety,sportsinjuries,motorvehicleoccupant e  protection,dogbites,andpedestrianinjuries. %   PerformanceSummary  @ Theextramuralprogramsupportsaproductiveandrelevantresearchportfolioandusesanextramuralprocess m thatisbothcredibleandtransparent.Thisisachievedthroughtheuseofapeerreviewapproach,referredtoas - the dualreviewsystem, whichisbasedontwosequentiallevelsofreview.Thesetwolevelsofrevieware  conductedbytheInjuryResearchGrantReviewCommittee(_IRGRC_)andtheAdvisoryCommitteeforInjury H PreventionandControl(_ACIPC_).The_IRGRC_Ԁiscomposedofexpertsininjuryrelatedscientificdisciplinesor m currentresearchareasthatenablestheirevaluationofthescientificandtechnicalmeritsofgrantapplications, - andischarteredspecificallyforgrantapplicationreview.The_ACIPC_Ԁiscomposedofbothscientificandlay  representativeswhoarenotedfortheirexpertise,interest,oractivityinmattersrelatedtothemissionoftheCDC. H _ACIPC_Ԁrecommendationsarebasednotonlyonconsiderationsofscientificmerit,asjudgedbythe_IRGRC_,but m alsogeographicbalanceandtherelevanceoftheproposedstudytoCDCsprogramsandpriorities.Atpresent, - CDCdoesnotconductapeerreviewprocessforintramuralresearchorformanyevaluationprojectsfunded  withinstateandlocalhealthdepartments,communitybasedorganizations,orresearchinstitutions. H  GoalbyGoalPresentationofPerformance  " nY8 ($dx; `E;xttS E n ##     ##*`dd dd v dd v * dd * dd `##, dd ,A dd ,` dd ,Xdd +  /u"(u" /  PerformanceMeasures A,!"t)  A6@%Target A,!"t* A@4ActualPerformance A,!"t+ ARef.mD 8#!"t, 8#Dm8#Increaseefficiencyand 5$- effectivenessof# Dm!#D research $ . investmentsbyemploying %P!/ competitivepeerreview u&"0 processes.mD 5'"1 #Dm9# 6D $+'6 $#D 69# FY03 :fund1researchprojectfor 5$7 toplevelinjuryresearchpriority. $ 8  FY02: CompleteaCDCinjury %X!9 researchagendafordefiningthe & ": scopeandprioritiesforinjury E'"; researchatCDC.Allresearch (#< projectswillbepeerreviewed. (`$=  FY01 :Initiateaninjuryresearch ) %> agendadevelopmentprocess.  M*%?  FY03:  5$@  FY02: Draftinjuryresearch %X!B agendareviewedbyadvisory & "C committee E'"D  FY01: Injuryresearchagenda (`$F drafted )(%G  FY00: Baselineonly M*%H investigatorinitiated +&I extramuralgrantsandInjury +p'J ControlResearchCenter ,0(K applicationsarepeer U-(L reviewed.  .)M Page 5$N # D8#D 174# Dn>#D Ԁ $ O ! ! 9GHIJKLMD(zyxc9GHIJKLM"93"  9?2z33   5'"R  0 @!   93??݌ '#S  Ќ  Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasure: Programmaticoversightwillbeusedtoverifyandvalidate e  performancemeasures.# D>#D  -    ` # D)A#D O &%DIIC.5hDataAccess#D%&A#  - CDCcontinuestoexpandtheexistingmodelsystemforinjurymortalitydatafromtheNationalVitalStatistics  h Systemcalled_WISQARSTM_Ԁ(WebbasedInjuryStatisticsQueryandReportingSystem)  ( (http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/wisqars)thatcanbeaccessedthroughtheCDChomepage.Thissystemwhichwas M   developedbyCDCtoprovidesinjuryandviolencerelateddeathdatatoinjurycontrolcolleagues,decision    makers,thepress,students,andthepublicworldwidehasproventobeveryhelpful.Recentlywehavehadan  h  averageofover500visitsperdaytothissitefromallovertheworldsuggestingthatthissystemismeeting  (  importantdataneeds.Thismenudrivensystemallowstheusertorequestdataasneededfortheirparticular M  purposeandpresentsthedatainastandardtableformatorinatableformateasilydownloaded.Thissystem    enhancesreportingofinjurydatabeyond onlymortalitydatafromtheNationalVitalStatisticsSystemby h  addingnonfatalinjurydataobtainedfromtheNationalElectronicInjurySurveillanceSystem!All# DA#D InjuryProgram (  conductedjointlywith_CPSC_. M   PerformanceSummary     h      p      x  h DuringFY2000,CDCcompleteddevelopmentoftheinitialphaseof_WISQARSTM_,asystemforinjurymortality 0 datafromtheNationalVitalStatisticsSystem,whichcanbeaccessedthroughtheCDChomepage.This U systemwhichprovidesinjuryandviolencerelateddeathdatatoinjurycontrolcolleagues,decisionmakers,the  press,students,andthepublicworldwidehasproventobeveryeffectivemeansofmakinginjuryrelateddata p availableforgeneralusage.CDCcontinuestoassist_epidemiologists_,statisticians,andinjurypractitionerswith 0 datarequestsasneededfortheirparticularpurpose.InFY01,CDCexpanded_WISQARSTM_,toincludenational U estimatesonnonfatalinjuriestreatedinhospitalemergencydepartments.Infutureyears,CDCwilladd  additionaldataforspecificinjurytypes,suchastraumaticbraininjury. p  GoalbyGoalPresentationofPerformance# DqG#D    vYa>.*lx. `E.eed _v ##    ##*`dd dd  A dd A ` dd ` Xdd X`##, dd ,\ dd ,F dd ,dd +    /8$8 /O  PerformanceMeasures A,! %  AO@((%Target A,! & A@3oActualPerformance A,! ' ARef. 8#! ( 8Implementauserfriendly, ]!) personalcomputerbased "* systemforaccessingFederal "x+ injurydatainavarietyof #8, nationalandstatebased ]$- systems $% . $ FY03: Expand_WISQARS_Ԁto  ]!/  includeyearsofpotentiallife %"0 lossandinjurydeathdata.  "1 FY02 :Expand_WISQARS_Ԁto #@2 includenonfatalinjury m$ 3 statistics.  -% 4  FY03: ]!5 FY02: Nonfatalinjury #P8 statisticsadded. }$ 9  FY01 :Baseline!includes =% : onlymortalitystatistics.  &!; Page ]!< 174# DOM#D  "= "93"  9U2z33   "x> 0 @v!   93UAU݌ #8?  Ќ  Verification/validationofPerformanceMeasures: Programmaticoversightwillbeusedtoverifyandvalidate 'P#@ performancemeasures. }($A    ` _ -X)H OV ee   &%DIIC.5iElectronicEmergencyDepartmentPublicHealthReporting#D%&W#  e Thenearly5,000EmergencyDepartment(_EDs_)intheUnitedStatesarestrategicallywellpositionedfor  publichealthsurveillanceofawidespectrumofdiseasesandinjuries,fromemerginginfections,asthma,and ` adversedrugeventstounintentionalinjury,violence,andthethreatofchemicalandbiologicalterrorism.   However,variationinthewaythatdataareenteredinEDpatientrecords,missingdata,andlackoftimely E availabilityhaveimpededtheuseofEDrecordsforpublichealthsurveillance.Aselectronicpatientrecord   keepingentersintothemainstreamofEDpractice,theseshortcomingscanbeaddressedthroughcareful  ` attentiontostructureddataentryandhealthdatastandardsapplicabletoeachdataelement,safeguardsto   protecttheprivacyandconfidentialityofpersonallyidentifiabledata,andthespecificneedsofsurveillance E   systemsatthelocal,state,andnationallevels.    Secure,computertocomputertransmissionofEDdatafromDEEDSimplementationsitestostatehealth   agenciesinastandard,structuredformatwillprovideasoundtechnologicalframeworkforelectronicpublic E  healthreportingby_EDs_ԀthroughouttheUnitedStates.Improvementsintheuniformity,quality,andaccessibility   ofEDdatawillyieldimmediatebenefitsforpublichealthsurveillance,andasmoreeffectivetiesbetween_EDs_ `  andhealthagenciesareestablished,theselinkageswillbeavailableforuseinrespondingtoanyfuture,   populationwidehealthemergenciesthatmayarise. E  Ѐ PerformanceSummary  ` Toensurethatwewillhaveconsistentdatatostudyandimprovetraumacare,alongwithmoretimelydatafor ( publichealthsurveillanceofinjuriesandotheracutemedicalproblems,CDCisleadinganationaleffortto M developuniformdataelementsforemergencydepartment(ED)records.CDCpublishedDataElementsfor   EmergencyDepartmentSystems(DEEDS)asasetofrecommendationstofosteruniformityinthewaythat h emergencydepartmentrecordsarecreated,stored,transmitted,andused.Thespecificationsareintended ( primarilyforelectronicpatientrecordsbutalsoareusefulforpaper-basedrecordkeeping.Specific M uses/achievementsinclude:   @77+7 R9GHIJKLMD(Axy9GHIJKLMD"93"  93c2A3  0    TheDEEDSprojectanticipatesincreasinglyrapidmigrationtoelectronicrecordsystemswithnew ( opportunitiesforpublichealthuseofclinicalinformation;93c@c݌M## Ќ  "93"  93{d2A3  0    DEEDSisbeingusedbyemergencymedicalandnursingpractitioners,recordsystemdevelopers,   healthdatastandardsorganizations,andfederalagenciesseekingmoreuniformandaccessible h emergencydepartmentdata;93{dd݌( ## Ќ  "93"  930f2A3  0    TheCentersforMedicare&MedicaidServices(CMS)hasincorporatedDEEDSinitsplansfor M! implementationoftheHealthInsurancePortabilityandAccountabilityAct(_HIPAA_),specificallythe  " emergencydepartmentclaimsattachment;930f]f݌h### Ќ  "93"  93h2A3  0    Leadingnationaldatastandardsorganizations,suchasHealthLevel7(HL7)haveincorporatedpartsof ($ DEEDSintotheirownspecifications;and93hBh݌M %## Ќ  "93"  93oi2A3  0    ProjectsinOregonandNorthCarolina,fundedbyCDC'sHealthInformationandSurveillanceSystems  !& Board(_HISSB_),across-cuttingorganizationalunitthatseekstointegrateinformationandsurveillance !h' systemsusingCDC-widestandards,areusingDEEDSininnovativeelectronicpublichealthreporting "(( projects.93oii݌M#)## Ќ     -h)7  GoalbyGoalPresentationofPerformance  e # DT#D vYa>.*lx `Eee= - mv ##        ##*`dd dd \ dd \ F dd F dd `##, dd ,t dd ,dd ,dd +  /-  -  /PerformanceMeasures A,! , " ATargets A,! , " AActualPerformance A,! , " ARef. 8#! , " 8Establishthecapabilityofstate   healthdepartmentstoreceive  H  securetransmissionofnon m  identifiablepatientdatafrom -  participatingemergency   departments. H   $m  $ FY02: Expandbeyond2   states  P   FY01: FundatleastoneState u  tostrengthenthecapabilityof =  emergencydepartmentsto   electronicallyreportdatato X  statehealthdepartments.  }   FY02: Complete_RFA_Ԁand   awardfunds  P   FY01: 2stateshavebeen u  fundedonatrialbasis =   FY00: Healthdepartments = # cannotreceivesecuredata $ transmissionsfromhospital `% _EDs_Ԁ(baseline).   & Page  ' # DOl#D 174# Dt#D   H ( @B"B"IB"! ! 9GHIJKLMD(zyxR9GHIJKLMD"93"  9u2z33   - * 0 @*!   93uv݌  +  Ќ  Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures :Programmaticoversightwillbeusedtoverifyandvalidate 5, performancemeasures.! !# Du#  - D  vYa>.*lx  `EneeJe v ##    ### Dw#D TotalProgramFunding(Dollarsinthousands)  M  FY2003: 0 ` $258,3090` #` #(Estimate) ##  FY2002: 0 ` $286,5610` #` #(CurrentEstimate) x##  FY2001: 0 ` $269,6200` #` #(Actual)# Dx#D   h  @##   Mandate     CDCischargedbyCongresswithdevelopingwaystoimproveandprotectthehealthandsafetyofUSworkers.  `   HealthBurden M   Americansareworkingmorehoursthaneverbeforeinenvironmentsthatprofoundlyaffecttheirhealth.   Despiteimprovementsoverthelastseveraldecades,9,000Americanssufferadisablinginjuryonthejobevery p  day,and16diefromtheseinjuries.Workrelateddiseasesaddtothiscostlytoll,takingthelivesof137 0  Americanworkerseveryday.# Dz#D  U   ##                     ## ~@H84r|0  `.(#"@EZ 0 ww~ "p( Occupationaldiseasesareofteninsidious,developingslowlyoverthelifetimeofaworker.Theeconomicburden U$* forworkplaceinjuries,diseases,andviolenceishigh!estimatedatmorethan$171billionannually. % +  Strategies,Activities,andResources  &0"- CDCsNationalInstituteforOccupationalSafetyandHealth(_NIOSH_)isthefederalentityresponsiblefor ]'". conductingresearchonandmakingrecommendationsforthepreventionofworkrelatedillnessandinjury. (#/ # Ds}#D Through_NIOSH_,CDCconductsresearchandmonitorsworkplaceinjuriesanddiseasestoidentifyriskfactors, (x$0 engineeringdesigns# D0#D Ԁandothersolutionstopreventthesehazards,andcommunicatesuptodateinformation )8%1 aboutworkrelatedthreatstohealthandsafetypersonnelsothattheknowledgegainedcanbeappliedquickly ]*%2 andeffectively# D%#D Ԁinsettingsrangingfromcorporateofficestoconstructionsitesandcoalmines. +&3 CDCseffortsareguidedbyanoverallresearchstrategy!theNationalOccupationalResearchAgenda(NORA). ,8(5 NORAistheproductofaconsensusbuildingprocessthatincludedCDC,otherfederalpartners,employers,and ]-(6 workersandhasbecomethecornerstoneofCDCsefforttopreventworkplaceillnessandinjuryinthe21st .)7 _century.TheNORAprocessresultedinaconsensusonthetop21researchprioritiesforoccupationalsafetyand e health.CDCsponsoredresearchhasfocusedondangerousoccupations!suchasfirefighting,construction, % mining,andagriculture!aswellasspecificconsequences,includingfalls,lungdisease,andhearingloss.  Throughresearchinlaboratoriesandatworksites,CDCdevelopsproceduresandequipmentformeasuringand @ controllingoccupationalhealthhazards.Mostimportant,CDCmovesresearchresultsquicklyfromthe e laboratorytotheworkplace. % Byusingaresearchagendatofocustheagencysefforts,continuouslymonitoringoldandnewhazards,and  @ rapidlydisseminatingusefulinformation,CDChashelpedtocontributetothesubstantialprogressinreducing e  workplaceinjuriesandillnesses.ThesemethodswillhelpCDCconfronttheinevitablenewchallengesthatare %   thebyproductsofprogressandmaketheworkplaceassafeaspossibleinthefuture.    # Dc#D   Linksto_DHHS_ԀStrategicPlan  e  Performancemeasuresrelateto_DHHS_ԀGoal1:Reducemajorthreatstothehealthandproductivityofall -  Americans,specificallyObjective1.2:ReducetheincidenceandimpactofinjuriesandviolenceinAmerican   society;Goal2:Improvetheeconomicandsocialwellbeingofindividuals,families,andcommunitiesinthe P  UnitedStates,specificallyObjectives2.4:Improvethesafetyandsecurityofyouth,and2.5:Increasethe y  proportionofolderAmericanswhostayactiveandhealthy;Goal5:Improvethenationspublichealthsystems, =  specificallyObjective5.1:Improvethecapacityofthepublichealthsystemtoidentifyandrespondtothreatsto   thehealthofthenationspopulation;andGoal6:Strengthenthenationshealthsciencesresearchenterpriseand ` enhanceitsproductivity,specificallyObjectives6.2:Improveourunderstandingofhowtoprevent,diagnoseand $ treatdiseaseanddisability,6.3:Enhanceourunderstandingofhowtoimprovethequality,effectiveness, M utilization,financing,andcosteffectivenessofhealthservices,6.4:Accelerateprivatesectordevelopmentofnew  drugs,biologictherapiesandmedicaltechnology,6.5:Strengthenanddiversifythebaseofwellqualifiedhealth p researchers,and6.6:Improvethecommunicationandapplicationofhealthresearchresults. 4  Partnerships  ! ThroughNORA,partnershipshavecontinuedbetweenCDCandover200organizationstoensuretheNORA  agendaisimplemented.Withstakeholderandpartnershipinput,CDCisbetterpositionedtoaddressthetollof D workplaceinjury,illnessanddeathandisassuredofhavinganappropriateresearchagenda. i  &%DPresentationofPerformance    ProtectingHealthandPromotingPartnerships  @!  #&0"%%&Y#&%"%&0IIC.6aOccupationalSafetyandHealthResearch#D%&#  ]#  PerformanceSummary   % # D#D In1996,CDCandpartnersestablishedNORAtoguideoccupationalsafetyandhealthresearch.Thisbroad !`& basedinitiativeinvolvesmorethan500organizationsandindividualsfocusingon21priorityareasinthree " ' categories:diseaseandinjury,workenvironmentandworkforce,andresearchtoolsandapproaches.Todate, E#( 17scientificorganizationshavereplicatedaspectsoftheNORAprocess.ThesuccessoftheNORApartnership $) washighlightedbyitsselectionasasemifinalistinthe1998InnovationsinAmericanGovernmentAward. $` * CDCconductsbothintramuralandextramuralresearch,allocating75%ofnewresearchfundingtoitsextramural E&!, program.Thiscommitmentwillassurescientificqualityandensurethattheproposedgranttopicscoverthe '"- areasmostessentialtoadvancingworkersafetyandhealth.Toensurescientificquality,theextramuralprogram '`#. isfullyintegratedintotheNIHgrantssystem.Toensurerelevance,CDChasrapidlyaligneditsextramural ( $/ grantsandintramuralprogramwithNORApriorities.CDChasestablishedandachievedannualtargetsto E)$0 increaseinvestmentsinNORArelatedresearch.In1996,CDCinvested50%ofextramuralfundsinNORA *%1 priorityareas;thisfigureclimbedto92%in1999.ToextendthereachandimpactofNORAandtoleverage *`&2 federalresearchdollars,CDCdevelopedjointfundingopportunitieswithotherfederalagencies.These + '3 governmentpartnershipsgrewfrom3in1998to11inFY2000. E,'4   -(5 NORAhasbeguntoshiftthespectrumofoccupationalsafetyandhealthresearchtoachievemorebalance e  betweenproblemidentificationresearchandproblemsolvingresearch,asevidencedbya nine foldincreasein % CDCfundingofinterventioneffectivenessresearchbetween1996and 2000 .Thesetypesofstudiesprovide  crucialinformationtoemployers,workers,andothersontheeffectivenessofspecificstrategiesforpreventing @ workplaceinjuryandillness.InFY2000,10%ofNORAfundingwasusedforinterventioneffectiveness e research.ForFY2001,a12%increaseininterventioneffectivenessresearchwasseen. % Throughgeographicallydiversecooperativeresearchagreements,CDCtargetsagricultureandconstructionfor  @ specialattention.Thesetwoindustriesconsistentlyleadthenationinoccupationalfatalitiesandsustainhigh e  levelsofinjuryandillness.Theseinvestmentsarepayingoff.CDCsupportedandcollaboratedinresearchto %   preventtractorrollovers,theleadingcauseoffatalitiesonfarms.IntwocountiesinKentucky,thepurchaseof    rolloverprotectionretrofitkitsjumpedfrom4in1998to69in1999.Buoyedbysuccessinthesetwoindustries,  @  CDChasbeguntofocusattentiononthehealthcareindustry.CDCsteppedupitscommitmenttoprotecting e  healthcareworkersinFY2001byinitiatingtheNORAproject"StrategiesforthePreventionofInjuries/Illnesses %  amongNurses.Thegoalofthisprogramistoreduceillnessandinjuryamongnursesandrelatedoccupationsin   thehealthcareworkplacethroughtheconductoffocusedresearchprojects.Fourindividualprojectsareincluded H  inthisproject:1)exposureto_antineoplastic_Ԁdrugs,2)preventionofviolence,3)risksforadversereproductive m  outcomes,and4)effectsofworkschedules.@6 -  @_CDCsintramuralresearchprogramisnationallyandinternationallyrecognizedasaworldresourcein H occupationalsafetyandhealth.ResearchconductedbyCDCscientistsisproducinginformationofpractical m importancetomillionsofworkersandtheiremployers.Forexample,recentlaboratoryfindingsconfirmedthe - abilityofcommonsolventstocausehearingdamage,revealedthemechanismsbywhichinhaledmetaldusts  maybecausinglungcancer,anddeterminedthephysicalcharacteristicsofinhaledfibersthatcause H occupationallungdiseases.Engineeringresearchidentifiedeffectivetechnologyforprotectingworkersfrom m chemicalemissionsinautomobilerepairandliftinginjuriesinnursinghomesandbeveragedelivery. - InFY2001,CDCincreasedfinancialsupportforNORAresearchby15percent.Atotalof$89.2millionwas H attributedto187extramuralresearchgrantsandavarietyofnewandcontinuingintramuralresearchprograms m andprojects.InFY2000,CDCscommitmenttoNORAisreflectedintheimpressiveupwardtrendsinboth - intramuralandextramuralresearchfunding.InFY2000,CDCfunded165extramuralresearchgrantsinseveral  NORAresearchpriorityareas,makingthisthelargestinfusionofextramuralfundingeverbythefederal H governmentforoccupationalsafetyandhealthresearch.CDCincreaseditsoverallinvestmentinNORArelated m  researchby$73.7millioncomparedtoFY1996(405%increase).ThiswasachievedthroughCongressional -! supportandthereinvestmentofresearchfundsintoNORApriorityareas. " DedicationtoNORAandoccupationalsafetyandhealthhasproducedabroadbasedNORAliaisoncommittee, q $ anetworkofpublicprivatepartnerships,successfuleffortsof20NORAteams(includingoutreach,conferences 1 % andsymposia,andproductionofwhitepapers,documents,andjournalarticles),agrantsprocessthathas  & producedrecordbreakingfundingfortargetresearchareas(for3 consecutiveyears),andrecognitionasa !L' partnershipmodelforotherorganizationsembarkingonsimilarplanningefforts.Usingkeywords,_NIOSH_Ԁtracks q" ( peerreviewedpublicationsinselectedNORApriorityareas.SinceNORAwasinitiatedinApril1996,the 1#) averageannualpublicationcountfor19931995servesasabaselinemeasureofpublicationactivityforeachof #* theNORAtopicareas.Similarly,theaveragepublicationactivityforthe3yearperiodfollowingtheintroduction $L + ofNORA(19971999)wascalculated.Thismetrichasshowna26%increaseinoverallNORArelated q% !, publications.ԀAslightdecreaseinoverallpublicationsrelatedtothe21NORAtopicareas(24%fortheperiod 1&!- 19982000)wasobserved.Factorssuchasvariationsinfunding,journalactivityandpublishingpractices &". accountforthisdecrease.# D#D  'L#/  # D#D GoalbyGoalPresentationofPerformance# DX# D  *L&3  A_@ d@A,''APerformanceGoal:0 Conductatargetedprogramofresearchtoreducemorbidity,injuries,and r, (5 mortalityamongworkersinhighpriorityareasandhighrisksectors.:-(6 # #  @@I{@3.)1111!(@# DŴ#D   3.)7 *U`Vdd dd t dd t dd dd `##,idd ,' dd , dd ,dd +  /ee / # D#D PerformanceMeasure A,!d ATarget A,!d AActualPerformance A,!d ARef. 8#!d 8# D2#D Increaseintramuraland % extramuralresearchin  NORApriorityareas,and @ ensurethequalityand e relevanceoftheresearch. %    $e  $ FY03: MaintainFY02funding % levelandlargescaleintramural  researchprogramsintargeted H NORAareas.Continue m evaluationofcomponentsofthe -  intramuralresearchprogram   throughtheCDC/_NIOSH_ԀBoardof  H ScientificCounselorsorother m  externalmechanisms.  -  FY02: Maintainlargescale  P  intramuralresearchprogramsin }  targetedNORAareas.Establish = ! ameasureofsuccessfor  " extramuralactivity. X # MaintainFY01funding;maintain = % intramuralresearch;evaluate & intramuralresearchthrough X' _NIOSH_ԀBoardofScientific }( Counselorsorotherexternal =) mechanism. *  FY01: IncreaseFY00fundingby  , 12%;establish2additional M- intramuralresearchprogramsin  . targetedNORAareas. h/  FY00: $32.7millionin %#; extramuralgrants;$42.8millionin #< intramuralprojects. $H =   -&!? # D#D  FY03:D %@ #D#FY02: Available12/2002 򀀀  = K  FY01 :# Dq#D ԀExtramural$40.8 X million;Intramural$47.9 hY million.# Do#D ԀExceededtarget. (Z Established4largescale M[ intramuralNORAprograms  \ (OrganizationalRiskFactorsfor h] Depressionand_CVD_, (^ OccupationalTraumaticInjury M_ PreventionandIdentifying  ` EffectiveHearingLoss ha PreventionStrategies,and (b StrategiestoPreventInjuries M c AmongHealthCareWorkers  !d (Nurses).  !he   "(f  FY00: Extramural/$32.7 M#g million;intramural/$42.8 $h million;3largescaleintramural $p i programs. %0!j # D#D  FY99: Extramural/$26.7 '"l million;intramural/$34.4 'x#m million). (8$n  FY96: Baseline: *%p Extramural/$6.7million; *&q intramural/$8.7million. +@'r   -)u # D[#D Page %v # D#D 186D w  9GHIJKLM(zxy9GHIJKLMD"93"  92z33   5  0 @r!   93#݌̌  ! ! 9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLM"93"  9P2z33   % 0 @r!   93P}݌̌   ) ,' )#D6#PerformanceMeasure A,!d A Target A,!d AActualPerformance A,!d ARef. 8#!d 8Expandinvolvementof % otherfederalagenciesin  NORArelatedresearch. @  $@ $ FY03: Seekadditionalfunding % partnersforNORArelatedgrants  andcooperativeagreements. H Maintainnumberofconferences m inFY02. -   FY02: Trackfundingofother  P federalagenciesinNORArelated }  research;seekfundingpartners =   forgrantsandcooperative  ! agreements;cosponsor5  X " researchandscientific } # conferences. = $  FY01: IncreaseoverFY00;co ( ' sponsor3researchandscientific U ( conferenceswithotherfederal ) agencies. p*  FY00: IncreaseoverFY99.  U, FY99: Determinecurrentlevels u0 ofCDCandotheragencies =1 intramuralandextramural 2 researchfundinginNORAareas X3 asabaseline,andcalculate }4 annualincreases.  =5  FY03: %6 FY02: 5/2003  p<  FY01: 5/2002Exceeded @ E target,9researchand mF scientificconferences -G  FY00: $51mil.reportedby mJ otherfederalagenciesfor 5K NORArelatedfunding L  FY99: In1998,otherfederal uN agenciesreported$23.4million =O forNORArelatedfunding. P ̀ =S  FY96: $15millionforNORA T relatedfunding  `U # D#D Page %V # DT#D 186# D#D  W ! ! 9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLM"93"  92z33   eY 0 @r!   @f"f"If"93݌̌  ! ! 9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLM"93"  982z33   % f 0 @r!   938e݌  g Ќ  # D#D Increasethesciencebase h foroccupationalsafetyand ti healththrough  4j publications,innovations, Y!k andresearchpartnerships. $"l $ FY03: Maintainthenumberof m peerreviewedpublicationsby |n _NIOSH_Ԁand_NIOSH_Ԅsponsored  <o researchers.Maintainthe a!p numberof_NIOSH_Ԁinnovations.  !"q FY02: Increasethenumberof #Ds peerreviewedpublicationsby q$ t _NIOSH_Ԁand_NIOSH_Ԅsponsored 1% u researchers;increasethenumber %!v of_NIOSH_Ԁinnovations. &L"w  FY01 :Establishbaselineofpeer 1(#y reviewedpublicationsof_NIOSH_Ԅ ($z sponsoredresearchers; )T%{ establishbaselinefor_NIOSH_ y*&| innovations@Ԁ@suchasinventions 9+&} andtechnologydevelopments.  +'~ # D'# D FY03:  FY02 :12/2002 #d  FY01: # D#D 1)Baselineof42,300 Q(# pubs.for9395established.(2) )$ Baselinefor_NIOSH_ )t% innovations:3devices,3 *4& trainingvideos,9newpatents Y+& and58continuingpatents.# D@#D  ,'   -4) # D#D Page  # D#D 186# Dr#D  t ! ! 9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLM"93"  92z33   #4 0 @r!   93݌̌  ! ! 9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLM"93"  92z33   (# 0 @r!   93݌̌  _ ) +t' )PerformanceMeasure A,!d A Target A,!d AActualPerformance A,!d ARef. 8#!d 8Reportannual_NIOSH_ % researchaccomplishments  inhighpriorityandhighrisk @ areas(e.g.,agriculture, e construction,mining, %   healthcareworkers). $   $ FY01 :Maintainpublication %  productivity.    FY00 :Publish254peerreviewed m  articles. 5   FY99 :Establishbaseline.   P   FY01 :Exceeded/278articlesD %  #DR#and# D#D peerreviewedmining  articlesincreasedfrom17in H FY00to32inFY01.# D#v v m #D# FY00 :Exceeded/260articles u   FY99: 234articles   h  # D#D Page %! # D#D 186# D #D  " ! ! 9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLM"93"  9$2z33   @# 0 @r!   93$Q݌  e$ Ќ  Demonstrateimpactof ) % NORAonresearchactivity  & through_bibliometrics_Ԁand D ' otherproxymeasures,such i ( asaccomplishmentsof ) ) NORApartnershipteams. *  $)5 $ FY03: Continuetotrack ) 6 frequencyofpublicationson  7 NORApriorityareas.Continueto L 8 trackNORAteamproducts, q 9 includingpublications,scientific 1 : meetings,etc.  ; FY02: Continuetotrack y= frequencyofpublicationsin A> NORApriorityareasandNORA ? teamproducts,including \@ publications,scientificmeetings, A etc.  AB FY01 :Begintotrackfrequencyof dD peerreviewedpublicationsin ,E selectedNORApriorityareasfor QF 19962000;trackNORAteam G products,includingpublications lH andscientificmeetings. ,I  FY00 :Establishbaseline "lP _bibliometrics_/citationcountsforall #4Q NORAareas. Y$R  FY99 :Establishprotocolonthe a'"V useof_bibliometrics_Ԁandother )(#W proxymeasures.  ($X  FY03: ) Y FY02: 12/2002  <` FY01: # DN#D SpecificNORAtopic Qf areaswithincreasesgreater g than30%betweenthebaseline th periodand19982000included 4i Asthma/ChronicObstructive Yj PulmonaryDiseases,Health k ServicesResearch, tl InterventionEffectiveness 4m Research,andRisk Yn AssessmentMethods# D#D   o  FY00 :Achieved/baseline Y"r establishedfor9remaining !#s priorityareas;earlyreviewsfor #|t FY9799showa26%increase $< u inNORArelatedpublications.  a% v FY99: Establishedbaseline &"x protocolusingNLMand 'L#y InstituteofScientificd q( $z Idnformationdatabases; 1)${ establishedbaselinesfor12of )%| 21NORApriorityareas; *L&} established20partnership q+ '~ teams;trackedteamproducts 1,' asameasureofNORAs ,( success.  -L) # D#D Page )  # D#D 186# D #D     ! ! 9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLM"93"  9,2z33   d 0 @r!   93,Y݌̌  ! ! 9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLM"93"  92z33   A  0 @r!   93݌    Ќ  Validation/VerificationofPerformanceMeasures :InformationwillbereportedthroughtheProjectPlanning e  SystemoftheCDCIntegratedResourcesInformationSystem(IRIS).CDCseniorscientistswillreviewalldata - foraccuracy.Baselinedataanddataforsubsequentyearsarecollectedinthesameformattoensureaccurate  comparisons.Partneringeffortshaveincreasedtheabilitytotrackresourcesoutsidetheorganization.  H # DO#D &%DIIC.6bSurveillance#D%&#  PerformanceSummary   @ # D#D Ongoingsurveillanceactivitiesinoccupationalsafetyandhealthformthefoundationforthepreventionactivities m   neededtoprotectAmericansfromworkrelatedinjuriesandillnesses.# Dm#D ԀCDCplaysakeyroleinthetrackingof -   occupationalhazards,diseases,andinjuries,workingcloselywithmanystatesandotherfederalagencies.InFY    2000,CDCsupportedscientistsandpublichealthagenciesacrossthecountrytodevelopstatebased  H  occupationaldiseaseandinjurysurveillanceprograms.Inaddition,CDCsupportsseveralstatebased m  surveillanceactivitiesandmaintainsnationaldatabasesofoccupationalinjuriesandfatalities. -  Twentyseven statesparticipateintheCDCsupportedAdultBloodEpidemiologySurveillance(_ABLES_) H  program,anefforttocountbloodleadlevelsamongU.S.adults.Throughtheuseofthissystem,Connecticut m  reducedbloodleadlevelsamongconstructionworkersby50%.# D|#D Inaddition,inthepast18months,therehave -  been12additionalawardsprovidedtothestatestosupportcoreandenhancedoccupationalsurveillance.# DG#D   # D6#D CDCcollaborateswith13statehealthdepartmentstoimprovetherecognition,tracking,andpreventionofwork m relatedsentinelevents.Targetedeventsincludepesticiderelatedillness,asthma,silicosis,carpaltunnel - syndrome,dermatitis,workrelatedfatalities,burns,andyouthinjury.Forexample,atargetedeffortinColorado  identifieddeepfatfryersinrestaurantsasaleadingcauseofburnsresultinginhospitalization.CDCworkedwith H industrytodevelopahazardalertthatwasdistributedstatewideduringhealthinspections.# D#D TheSENSOR m program(SentinelEventNotificationSystemforOccupationalRisk),providesfundingandtechnicalsupportto - healthdepartmentsinsevenstatestosupportpesticiderelatedillnessandinjurysurveillance# DE#D .# D#D Ԁ# D#D ԀOnearticlewas  publishedintheCDCMorbidityandMortalityWeeklyReportwhichhadimportantpublichealthimpacts.This H articledescribedacutepesticiderelatedillnessesamonghealthcareprofessionalswhowereexposedwhile m treatingapesticidecontaminatedpatient.Recommendationswereprovidedonhowtopreventfutureillnessesin - thisexposuresetting.Theprogramalsofinalizedcriteriafordeterminingtheseverityofacutepesticiderelated  illnessorinjury.Finally,theprogramreceived_NIOSH_ԀLeadTeamapprovaltodevelopa Howtoguidefor H  establishingandmaintainingastatebasedpesticidepoisoningsurveillanceprogram. m! # D #   W #    #D CDCcollaborateswiththeConsumerProductSafetyCommissiontocollectworkrelatedinjuryandillnessdata # fromanationalsampleofhospitalsthroughtheNationalElectronicInjurySurveillanceSystem(_NEISS_).In1998, P$ _NEISS_Ԁcollectedinformationoninjuriesandtheircausesfor47,000persons.Furtherindepthinformationis u % collectedthroughtelephoneinterviewswithspecialpopulationsofworkers,suchasyouth,olderworkers,and 5!& childreninagriculturalsettings.Since1995,informationgainedfromthissurveillancesystemhasyielded !' significantpreventionsuccesses,particularlyintheareaofworkingyouth.# D #D Analysisofsurveillancedatafrom "P( 19931999collectedbytheMassachusettsDepartmentofPublicHealth(_MDPH_),withsupportfromCDC, u#) revealedbothhighratesandnumbersofinjurycasesintheretailbakeryindustry,whichhadnotpreviouslybeen 5$* identifiedashighriskforworkingyouth.Analysisrevealedthatapproximately60%oftheinjuredworkerswere $ + employedatestablishmentsofasinglelargefranchisedretailbakerychain.Burnsaccountedfor10%ofall %P!, injuriesidentifiedbythesurveillancesystem,withapproximately40%ofallinjuriestoyouthinthese u&"- establishmentsbeingattributedtoburns.Hotcoffeewasidentifiedasaleadingculpritinparticularhotcoffee 5'". spilledwhenremovingbrewbasketsonthecoffeemachines.Additionally,lackofhealthandsafetytrainingat '#/ work,inadequateproceduresforrespondingtoinjuries,andthesupervisornotpresentonsiteatthetimeof (P$0 injurieswereidentifiedascontributingriskfactors.Sincethesummerof2000,_MDPH_Ԁhasrequiredowners u)%1 purchasingnewequipmenttoinstallbrewbasketswithshieldstopreventspillage,andbyspring2002,new,high 5*%2 volumecoffeebrewingequipment,whichreducestheneedtochangebrewbaskets,willberequiredin *&3 establishmentsmakingnewequipmentpurchases.Continuedsurveillanceofoccupationalburninjuriestoyouth +P'4 inthisretailbakerychainshouldprovideimportantinformationabouttheeffectivenessoftheseinterventions# Db#   .#   #D  u,(5   =-(6 InFY2000,CDCpublishedtheWorkerHealth_Chartbook_Ԁ2000.Thefirstofitskind,the_Chartbook_isa e  matchlessresourceforoccupationalsafetyandhealthprofessionals,researchers,policymakers,andindustry ) andlabororganizationswhoneeddatatotrackhealthoutcomesandtheirassociatedworkplaceconditionsand  totargetinterventions.The_Chartbook_wasdisseminatedwidelyand,alongwithitsdatatables,hasbeenmade D availableelectronically.# D#D  m # D#D Withbroadstakeholderinvolvement,CDCrecentlycompletedacomprehensivestrategicplanningprocessto  addressoccupationalhealthsurveillanceneedsforthe21stcentury.Internalandpublicmeetingswereheld,  H solicitinginputfrommorethan400occupationalhealthprofessionals.Theresultingstrategicplan,Tracking m  OccupationalInjuries,Illnesses,andHazardsforPrevention:the_NIOSH_ԀSurveillanceStrategicPlan,seeksto 1   balancenationalandstatebasedactivitiesandtoachieveabalanceamongdisease,injury,andhazard    surveillance.TheplanwillguideCDCintothenextdecade.  P   GoalbyGoalPresentationofPerformance:  P   A_@ d@= (APerformanceGoal: 0 Identifyhighriskworkingconditionsbydevelopingasurveillancesystemfor n  majoroccupationalillnesses,injuries,exposures,andhealthhazards. # D>#D 6  # # @(@/1111!)@*W`Xdd}dd i? dd ' dd dd U`V##,4dd ,` dd , dd ,dd +  /// /PerformanceMeasure A,!. ATarget A,!. AActualPerformance A,!. ARef. 8#!. 8Implementthestrategic  plan,andseek J opportunitiesfor o  enhancementvia / stakeholderinteraction.# D#D  -# -# D"#D  FY03: Maintainactivities  amongstakeholders(e.g. R cooperativeagreements,best w practicesworkshops, 7  preventionactivities,etc.).  ! FY02: Increasestakeholder # activities.  G$ FY01: Establishbaselinefor _( stakeholderactivities. ')  FY03: * FY02: BestPracticesin :0 WorkplaceSurveillance g1 ConferenceheldinNovember '2 2001 3  FY01: Targetresultsdelayedto g5 Spring2002.Currentlya /6 coordinationgrouphasbeen 7 formedwhichwilldetailhowto J8 implementstrategicplanand o 9 includeestablishmentofbaseline /!: forstakeholderactivities.  !; # D ##D Page < # D7'#D 186# D'#D  J= ! ! 9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLM"93"  9(2z33   /C 0 @.!   93((݌̌   /G # D'#D Completea C#H comprehensive $I surveillanceplanning $^ J process,andimplement %!K recommendations. $C&!L $ FY00: Finalizeasurveillance C#M strategicplan,andbegin  $N implementation. $f O  FY99: Undertakea %&!P collaborativeplanningprocess; S&!Q establishprioritiesandroles. '"R   -(Z  FY00: Achieved C#[  FY99: Achieved %6!^   #'"` Page C#a # D)#D 186# Dr,#D  $b  # D,#  .)b *c`fdd4dd 4` dd ` dd dd W`X##,4dd ,` dd , dd ,dd +  D  /ee / PerformanceMeasure A,!d ATarget A,!d AActualPerformance A,!d ARef. A,!d ACollect,analyze,and % disseminatesurveillance  dataonoccupational @ illnesses,injuries,and e hazards. %    9/!  9 FY03: Publishsurveillance % reportson2topicsannually;  target1nationalactivity H annually;prepare/distribute m publicusedatasets. # DL.#D  -  FY02: Publishsurveillance  P reportson2topicsannually; }  target1nationalactivity =  annually;prepare/distribute   publicusedatasets.   X  FY01: Initiatewebbaseddata   dissemination;pilotimproved x ! datacollectionmethods; 8 " initiatehazardsurveys,by ] # workforcesector. $  FY00: Collect,analyze,and h3 disseminatedata. 04  FY99: Collect,analyze,and =$: disseminatedata.# D1# 9/!% ; 9D  FY03:  %<  FY02: Spring2002  HB # D5# D FY01: Achieved,_websites_ % I created:  J FarmFamilyHealthandHazard H K Survey mL (4{ O  5  http://www2.cdc.gov/ffhhs/66O6  7 H6Ԁ) -M NationalElectronicInjury N SurveillanceSystem HO (4| O  5  67O7  7 48February2002launchdate)6 mP NationalSurveillanceSystemfor R PneumoconiosisMortality HS (4} O  5  8http://mtn.niosh.cdc.gov/drds/sb/n mT sspmhlp.htm6_9Os9  7 49Ԁ) -U AccesstodatafromtheMine HW SafetyandHealthAdministration. mX (futurelaunchdate) -Y   # D5#D  FY00: Achieved.# Di;# D ԀInjury,Illnessand u\ HazardExposuresinMining =] Industry19861995wasreleasedin  ^ Summer2000. _MMWR_Ԁarticle  `_ collectedthroughtheToxic !(` ExposureSurveillanceSystem M"a (TESS)published6/9/00,Vol29.  #b  FY99: # D;#D ԀAchieved 9/!$0 d 9# D=#D Page %e # D>#D 186# Du>#D 9 f ! ! 9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLM"93"  9?2z33    @k 0 @4!   93??݌̌  ! ! 9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLM"93"  9 A2z33    r 0 @4!   93 A9A݌1'%@ s   1Ќ  # D># D Validation/VerificationofPerformanceMeasures: InformationwillbereportedthroughtheProjectPlanning &X"t SystemofCDCsIntegratedResourcesInformationSystem(IRIS).CDCseniorscientistswillreviewalldatafor ' #u accuracy.# DB# E(#v  -P)}  D &%DIIC.6cInvestigationof_Worksite_ԀIllnesses,Injuries,andDeaths#D%&C#  e # DC#D  PerformanceSummary   CDCconductsthreeprogramsforthesystematicinvestigationofkeyeventsinoccupationalsafetyandhealth: h # DD#D HealthHazardEvaluation(_HHE_)# DE#D :Eachyear,CDCs_NIOSH_Ԁconductsabout300investigationsofoccupational M healthproblemsatworksitesinresponsetorequestsfromemployers,employees,andothergovernment   agencies.The_HHE_Ԁprogramhasledtotheidentificationofmanyoftheemergingoccupationalhealthproblems  h ofthepastthreedecades!e.g.,occupationalasthma,cumulativetraumadisorders,indoorairquality._HHEs_  ( havebeenparticularlyusefultotheservicesector,especiallyhealthcaresettings,wheretheyaddressproblems M   rangingfromjobstressandergonomicstoinfectiousdiseasetransmissionandreproductive_toxicants_.InFY    2000,_NIOSH_Ԁmistakenlyprojectedadecreaseinthenumberofsitevisitsconductedinresponseto_HHE_  h  requests.Theintentionwastorespondtoalargernumberof_HHEs_Ԁthroughtechnicalassistanceletterswhile  (  maintainingorincreasingthenumberofsitevisitsbasedonthevolumeandcomplexityoftherequestsreceived. M  InFY2000,CDC# DF#D establishedthe_HHE_ԀEffectivenessEvaluationProgram,aquestionbasedsurveyof50%of h  _HHE_Ԁrequests.# DK# 91 Ԁ# 1 9L#D Theestablishmentofa_followback_ԀsurveyprogramforevaluatingtheHealthHazardEvaluation (  (_HHE_)programinvolvesaseriesofsurveysconductedona50%sampleofvalid_HHE_Ԁrequests.Inpersonor M  mailedsurveyformsaredistributedatthecloseoftheinitial_NIOSH_Ԁsitevisit(whenasitevisitismade),one    monthaftertheissuanceofthefinalreport,andoneyearaftertheissuanceofthefinalreport. h BytheendofFY2001,someofthecomponentsofthesurveyprogramproducedsufficientdatatoanalyzeand M reportresults.Thiswriteupwillreportonresultsofthesitevisitevaluation.Duringthe23monthperiodending   August2001,sitevisitevaluationdatawerereceivedfor44_HHEs_Ԁ(ofthe46includedinthesample).# DL#D Surveys h weredistributedto284individuals,andresponseswerereceivedfrom204(72%).Overallsatisfactionwiththe ( CDC_HHE_Ԁthusfar,46%describeditas excellent,41%as good,12%as fair,and1%as poor.Eightyeight M percentofrespondentsfelttheywerekeptwellinformedaboutCDCactivitiesand80%felttheresponsewas   timely.Ninetyfivepercentfeltthattherecommendationsmadeattheclosingmeetingappropriateand h practical.# Dcommunicationstowers.Thewidespreaduseofwirelesscommunicationdeviceshasacceleratedthe  " constructionoftowerstoholdtransmittingdevicesforcellularphones,personalcommunicationservices,and h# radioandtelevisionbroadcastantennas.CDCestimatedthatthissectoraccountsfor49to468deathsannually ($ per100,000workers,versus5per100,000workersoverall.Theseresultsareinformingvoluntaryandregulatory M % approachestothisemergingsafetyproblem.# D#T#D V  !& Eachyear,nearly100workersarekilledandmorethan20,000areinjuredinthehighwayandstreet "(( constructionindustry.InFY2001,CDCpublishedadocumentthatdetailshazardstoworkersinroad M#) constructionandpromisingpreventioneffortsthatcanbeundertakenbyvariousgroupsincluding:agenciesthat  $* contractoutroadconstructionandmaintenance,employers,standardssettingbodies,manufacturers,and $h + employees.Thisdocumentprovidesrecommendationstoenhancethesafetyofworkersinthishighrisk %(!, occupationwhereanincreaseinactivityisexpectedoverthenextdecadeduetoaninfusionoffunds.# DX#D CDCstaff M&!- workedwithtrafficandworkersafetyorganizationstoemphasizetheimportanceofworkersafetybothwithinthe  '". workzoneaswellasfrompassingmotorists,assistedinthedevelopmentoftheNationsfirstOSHA10hour 'h#/ coursedesignedforroadconstructionworkers,contributedto_flagger_Ԁandwork# D<\#D zonetrainingdocumentsand (($0 videos,andcosponsoredaninternationalworkzonesafetyconference.Specificrecommendationsfromthe M)$1 documenthavebeenimplementedbyroadconstructors,arebeingconsideredbyStateandFederalregulatory  *%2 agencies,andguidednewresearchinitiatives. *h&3 @77+7 -h)7 FirefighterFatalityInvestigationandPrevention(_FFIP_):Thisprogramidentifiescausesofdeathamong e firefightersandprovidesrecommendationsforpreventionandimprovedsafety.InFY2000,CDCs_NIOSH_ % conducted57investigationsoffatalities,including17offirefighterswhosufferedfatalheartattacksinthelineof  duty.CDCuses_FFIP_Ԁdatatogenerateadatabasetoguidepreventionandinterventionactivities.CDCalso @ postsinformationandrecommendationsfromeachinvestigationonthe_NIOSH_Ԁfirefighterwebsiteand e disseminatesinformationbymailtoallU.S.firedepartments.Firedepartmentsuse_FFIP_Ԁresultstomodify % standardoperatingprocedures,justifyandsupportequipmentneeds,andimprovetraining.Forexample,an  investigationattributedanexplosionthatseverelyburnedseveralfirefighterstotheuseofaluminumincertain  @ resuscitationequipment.Inresponse,CDCandFDAissuedajointpublichealthadvisorythatledtoa e  manufacturersrecallandredesignoftheequipment. %   DuringFiscalYear2001,CDCconducted38investigationsin26states.Ofthe38investigations,36involved  @  fatalitiesandtwoinvolvedinjuries.The36fatalityinvestigationsencompassed40deaths.Additionally,in e  responsetothreeinjuryinvestigationsthatinvolvedoxygenregulatorfires,CDCcollaboratedwiththeU.S.Food %  andDrugAdministrationonathirtyoneminutevideoentitled HiddenDanger:OxygenRegulatorFires.The   trainingvideowasproducedinordertoenhancesafehandlingofoxygenregulatorstominimizethehazard. @  Alsoasaresultoftheoxygenregulatorinvestigations,NASA,incollaborationwithCDC,developedmethodsto e  determineifoxygenregulatorshaveapropensitytoflashorexplode.Thenewtestmethod, StandardTest %  MethodforEvaluatingtheIgnitionSensitivityandFaultToleranceofOxygenRegulatorsUsedforMedicaland   EmergencyApplicationsismorereliablethanpriortestmethodsandhasbeenadoptedasaprovisionalASTM @ standard(ASTMPS12700.) e    `     h      p    % Alongwiththeseepidemiologicprograms,CDCconducts,analyzes,andtranslatesanenormousamountof  researcheachyearinsupportofpublichealthpolicy.Thisworkisreflectedinpolicyrecommendations, @ scientificinputintorulemaking,andthedevelopmentofenforcementproceduresbyEPA,OSHA,MineSafety e andHealthAdministration(_MSHA_),andotheragencies.InFY1999,CDCproducedpolicydocumentson % occupationalexposuresandcancer,TBrespiratoryprotectioninhealthcarefacilities,preventionofinjuriesand  deathsinfirefighters,andstressatwork. @ NationalSkillStandardsBoard(_NSSB_),aCongressionallymandatedactivity,isbuildingavoluntarynational % systemofskillstandards,assessment,andcertificationthatwillenhancetheabilityoftheUnitedStatesto  competeeffectivelyintheglobaleconomy.The_NSSB_Ԁhasdividedtheeconomyinto15sectorsforthepurpose @ ofdevelopingpartnershipswithindustry,education,labor,civilrights,andcommunity-basedorganizationsto e  developappropriatestandardsforworkersbasedonhighperformanceworkinmodernworkenvironmentsthat %! willbeportableacrossindustrysectors.The_MSSC_Ԁhascompleteditseffortsandpublishedtheirstandards. " _NIOSH_,alongwithotherpartnerswereverysuccessfulinhavingOS&Hasakeycomponentofthisstandard. @# Theoveralleffortofthe_NSSB_Ԁwilltrainworkerstorecognizehazardsandpreventinjuriesandillnessasthey e$ developnecessaryworkskills.6YԀ % % @77+7 e.*8  GoalbyGoalPresentationofPerformance  e 7mA_@ d@-)A PerformanceGoal:0 Promotesafeandhealthyworkingconditionsbyincreasingoccupational ^ diseaseandinjurypreventionactivitiesthroughworkplaceevaluations, & interventions,andCDCrecommendations. # #  @&2ݾ@1111!*r@ *~`dd4dd 4` dd ` dd dd c`f##,4dd ,A dd , dd ,dd +  /BB /PerformanceMeasure A,!  ATarget A,!  AActualPerformance A,!  ARef. 8#!   8Respondtorequestsfor g   workplaceevaluations '   fromemployers,workers,    andothers,andprovide  B  practicaladviceto g   addressproblems. ''  ' FY03: Initiateacrosscutting g  projectfocusingonsafetyand /  healthproblemsofHealthCare   Workersthataddresses  J workplaceviolence,exposure o  assessment,reproductive /  outcomesandworkorganization.    FY02: Conductsitevisitsforat w  least30%of_HHE_Ԁrequests; ?  provideconsultationfortherest;   conductfollowupassessments Z viathe_HHE_ԀEffectiveness  EvaluationProgram,withperiodic ? dataanalysis/reports.   FY01: Reportonresultsfromthe "  _HHE_ԀEffectivenessEvaluation O! Program. '" ' FY03: g # FY02: Yr@Ԁ@$|Fall2002 B +  FY01: I|ԀResponsesreceived J3 reflectedpositivefeedback(see w4 performancesummary).# D^#D  75  '7-(Q '# DD}#D Page g R # D}#D 186# D8~#|D  ' S ! ! 9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLM"93"  9~2z33   ' [ 0 @4!   93~݌̌  ! ! 9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLM"93"  9Ҁ2z33   gb 0 @4!   93Ҁ݌̌   8#Be 8PerformanceMeasure A,!d A Target A,!d AActualPerformance A,!d ARef. A,!d AReportannual % performanceonworkplace  evaluations,technical @ assistancevisits,and e preparationofpolicyand %   Кtechnicaldocuments.     9/! 9 FY01: Maintain_HHE_Ԁsitevisits; % increaseconsultations;conduct  followupassessmentsviathe H _HHE_ԀEffectivenessEvaluation m Program,andprepareareport; -  producedocumentsonemerging    issues;providecommentsand  H! testimonytofederalagencies,as m " needed. - #  FY00: Decrease_HHE_Ԁsitevisits E ' to95;increasetechnical   ( assistanceletters;conductfollow h ) upassessmentsof5%ofsite ( * visits;producepolicyand M + technicaldocumentson  , emergingissues;provide h- commentsandtestimonyto (. federalagencies,asneeded. M/  FY99: Establishbaseline.# D~#D  p1  9/!86 9 FY01: # D]#D Ԁ # D#D 572requestsforhealth %7 hazardevaluations(_HHEs_). 8 Thisrepresentsa30%increase H9 inthenumberofrequests m: receivedinFY2000.Sitevisit - ; dataavailable2/02.54final  < reports,270technical  H= assistanceletterssent. m > # DG#D # D%#D Testimonygivento2agencies  @ on3regulatoryactivities.~@ # Dn#D   H A @ FY00: 122sitevisits;57final - C reports;271technical  D assistanceletters;followupof P E 20%ofsitevisits; established u F _HHE_ԀEffectivenessEvaluation 5 G Program;testimonyto3 H agencieson5regulatory PI actions.# D+#D  uJ  FY99: 334_HHEs_;100_HHE_ `M sitevisits;234technical (N assistanceletters;68othersite MO visits;testimonyto4agencies  P on12regulatoryactions;policy hQ documents# D.#D . (R  9/!MS 9# Dҏ#D Page %T # Dc#D 186# D#D sԀ# D#D  U ! ! 9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLM"93"  93A2z33  0 @   93An݌ eW Ќ  A,!@n" AProvidescientificsupport <o forpolicydevelopment, ap testimony,andnon !q regulatoryinitiatives.# Dj#D 6 9/!|r 9 # D#D FY03: Seekimprovement  <s FY02 :Seekimprovement.  it FY01: Establishbaselinesfor4@Ԁ@\ 1u numberofinternational v collaborationonoccupational Tw safetyandhealthdocumentsand y x criteriadocuments.# D#D  9/!9!y 9 # D#D FY03: <z FY02 : i{  FY01: @DԀ#D#@HelpedpublishConcise 1| InternationalChemical } Assessmentdocuments# D#D  T~ (_CICADS_),InternationalSafety y  Cards# D#D Ԁ(_ICSC_),andacriteria 9! documentonOccupational ! ExposuretoAsphaltFumes.# D?#D  "T  9/!9-( 9# D#GD Page < # D#D 186# DT#D Ԁ# D#D  a ! ! 9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLM"93"  93ל2z33  0 @   # D#̛D 93ל݌ A,!|" AЌ  PerformanceMeasure A,!d A Target A,!d AActualPerformance A,!d ARef. 8#!d 8Evaluatetheextentto % whichrecommendations  arebeingimplemented. '@ ' FY01: Completereportsand % analysis.    FY00: Beginevaluation.    FY99: Designandimplement2 P modelinformationdissemination } andtrainingprogramsfortarget = hazards/populations;with  partners,developasystemto X assess/determineabaselineand } increasetheuseofCDC =  recommendedexposurelimits. '! ' FY01: # D#D The_NIOSH_Ԁ_FFIP_Ԁreport %" describesfirefightingactivities # inavacantbuildingandthe H$ subsequentoutcome,and m% providesprevention - & recommendationswhichmay  ' beapplicabletoallfire  H( departmentsintheU.S.# DP#D  Six m ) CareerFireFightersKilledin 1 * Cold-StorageandWarehouse  + BuildingFire-Massachusetts.  T , published.# D+#D  } -  FY00: Conducted_FFIP_  / investigations;published ` 0 preventionandintervention  1 activitiesonwebsite. E 2  FY99: Developedand `4 implementedtrainingcurricula (5 onelectricalsafetyfor M6 vocationalandtechnical  7 education;developedand h8 implementedtrainingprogram (9 topreventhearinglossin M: miners;initiatedevaluationof  ; useofCDCrecommended h< exposurelimits. (=  'M-(V '# D3#D Page %W # Dr#D 186# Dͨ#D  X ! ! 9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLM"93"  9 2z33   eZ 0 @4!   93 :݌̌  # D#ED  8#ej 8PerformanceMeasure A,!d A Target A,!d AActualPerformance A,!d ARef. 8#!d 8Evaluatetheeffectiveness % oftargetedprevention  programs.d @ d $e $ FY03: Continueapplicationof %  lessonslearnedtootherefforts    FY02: Continueapplicationof u  lessonslearnedtootherefforts.  =    BeginImplementationofthe   NationalSkillStandardsBoard,  X setbaselinemeasures.  }  FY01: Beginapplicationof   lessonslearnedtootherefforts.  h   FY00: Continueintervention }" studies;reportresults. E#  FY99: Implementintervention ) effectivenessstudy.  P*  FY03: %+ FY02: Fall2002  }. FY01: Ԁ# D#D Ԁ# D#D Aprospectivestudyof - 4 hearingdamageofnewlyhired  5 constructionworkers P 6 (research),trackingnoise u 7 exposureandhearingloss 5 8 amongsandandgravelminers  9 (surveillance),anddeveloping P : innovativeinterventionsto u; preventhearinglossin 5< undergroundandsurface = miningoperations(prevention) P> aresomeoftheactivities u? _NIOSH_ԀbeganinFY01.# D۰#D  5@ # D#D  FY00: Performed~1,000 5D hearingtestsandnoise E dosimetrymeasurementson XF participantsinminingstudy; }G establishedQuietbyDesign =H partnershipsformajortypesof I miningmachinery. XJ  FY99: Achieved/studied EL effectivenessofahearingloss  M programindifferentsectors;  hN interventiontoreducelowback !(O paininretailindustry; M"P interventiontoreduceinjuriesin  #Q sanitationworkers.  #hR # D#D Page %S # DӶ#D 186# D.#D  T ! ! 9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLM"93"  9n2z33   eV 0 @4!   93n݌̌  ! ! 9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLM  @ ]   Validation/VerificationofPerformanceMeasures :_NIOSH_Ԁwillobtaindatafromsurveysofarepresentative % !^ samplefromtheoccupationalsafetyandhealthcommunityandwilldevelopevaluationreportsfortargeted M&!_ interventionprograms.# D#D &%D   '"`  -P)h ЇProvidingInformationforInformedDecisionMaking e #D%&[#&%D#&0"%%&<#&%"%&0#D%&#&%DIIC.6dInformation,Training,andCapacityBuilding#D%&#&%D #&0"%%&b#&%"%&0    #D%&#PerformanceSummary&%D  p #D%&ֽ#CDCtranslatesoccupationalresearchfindingsintovariousmediaforworkers,employers,policymakersand 8 practitioners.Thisinformationisusedto:1)informpoliciesand_rulemaking_,2)identifyunrecognizedthreatsto ]  healthorsafety,3)alertcitizensabouthazardousconditions,and4)developrelatedpreventionstrategies.CDC   distributes>1millionpapercopiesofdocumentsannuallyandalsomakesinformationavailablethroughthe  x _NIOSH_Ԁwebsite.Several_NIOSH_Ԁpublications!suchasthePocketGuidetoChemicalHazards!arebestsellers  8  amonggovernmentdocuments.TheManualofAnalyticalMethods,whichlistswaystomonitorcontaminantsin a   workplaceairandinthebloodandurineofworkers,isusedinworkplacesandresearchlaboratoriesworldwide. %   _NIOSH_ԀAlertshelpemployersandworkersidentifyandrespondtoworkrelatedhealthhazards.Forexample,   Preventing_Needlestick_ԀInjuriesinHealthCareSettings,providesdataandrecommendationsforbothemployers @  andworkersonhowto&%DԀ#D%&#prevent_needlestick_Ԁinjuriesandassociated_bloodborne_Ԁinfectionsandevaluatesafer i  needledevices. A  The_NIOSH_Ԁwebsiteisexperiencingincreasingdemand,posting25%ofthetotalinformationdisseminated \  throughthe_NIOSH_Ԁwebsite.CDCalsooperatesatollfreetelephoneservicetoanswerpublicinquiries!often  providinglifesavingadvicetocallers.Since1995,callstothetollfreelinehaveincreasedby60%,from88,432 A to141,000inFY2000.InFY2000,inquiriesonhealthcaretopicsincreaseddramatically,100%morethaninFY  1999.CDCs_NIOSH_Ԁcreatedthreesearchabledatabasestoimprovethetrackingofrequeststothesesources: \ 1)anelectronicversionofthe800NumberResourceGuide,2)adatabasetoprocessandtrack800number  requestsandstatistics,and3)adatabasetotrackwebsiterequestsandstatistics. E CDCcontinuestoaddresstheneedsoftheagriculturalcommunitybycontinuingtofunditsnineAgricultural ` Centersthroughoutthecountry.Thesecentersprovidegeographicallytargetedresearch,education,and   preventionprojectsthataddresspressingagriculturalhealthandsafetyproblems. E CDCwillcontinuetoprovidekeyinformationtoindividualsanddecisionmakerstohelpreduceworkrelated ` injuriesandillnessesandseeknewandbetterwaysofreachingstakeholders,includingthroughexpandeduseof   theInternetasamethodofinformationdissemination.CDCwillalsoevaluate_NIOSH_Ԁpublicationstoassess E theirvalueandusefulnesstoprimaryusersofthisinformation.   Trainingeffortscontinuetobeanimportantfocus,asCDCseeksnewwaystoreachworkers,employers,and  " providerswiththelatestfindingsandrecommendations.InFY2000,CDCestablishedits16thEducationand E# ResourceCenter(_ERC_)toconducteducationprogramsforoccupationalhealthandsafetyprofessionals.Each  $ year,~700studentsgraduatefromtheseprograms,withtraininginnursing,industrialhygiene,andsafety  `% engineering.CDCalsofundsmorethan1,000continuingeducationcoursesinoccupationalsafetyandhealth ! & eachyear,withawardsto32,659participantsinFY2000.InschoolyearSeptember1999August2000,CDC E"' fundedover1,300coursesinoccupationalsafetyandhealthwithover33,000trainees. #( InFY1999,adraftcurriculumtitledElectricalSafetywasreadiedforfieldstudyandevaluation.Thecurriculum $ * wastestedin52secondaryclassroomsinFlorida,Georgia,Illinois,Massachusetts,NewYork,Ohio,Oklahoma, I% + andVermont.DataanalysiswillbecompletedinearlyFY2001,andaprototypecurriculumwillbepreparedfor  &!, disseminationbasedontheresultsofthestudy.AfinalreportshouldbeissuedinFY2001.Resultswillbeused &d"- inarticlessubmittedtopeerreviewedjournals. '$#.    `     h     @77+7   `     I.)7    `     h      p     # Db#D A_@ d@*APerformanceGoal: 0 Fostersafeandhealthyworkingconditionsbyprovidingworkers,employers,  thepublic,andtheoccupationalsafetyandhealthcommunitywithinformation, y training,andcapacitytopreventoccupationaldiseasesandinjuries. A # # @2\޾@:1111!+@  *`d d4dd 4A dd A dd dd ~`##,q dd , dd ,= dd ,dd +  /_ _  /PerformanceMeasure A,! ^ ATarget A,! ^ AActualPerformance A,! ^  ARef. 8#! ^  8Transferscientificand    technicalinformationto  z  employers,workers,the  :  public,andtheoccupational _  safetyandhealth   community. $z  $ FY03: SeekImprovement    FY02: Seekimprovement.  J  FY01: Baselinelevelof ?  informationtransferredviaweb,   telephone,andprintbased b  requests;quarterlyreviewof "  _NIOSH_Ԁwebsite.  G   FY03:   FY02:   J  FY01: 11,000requestsfor ?  informationviaweb,20,000   requestsviatelephoneand b  5,000requestsviamail  " ! # Dl#D Page  " # Dx#D 186# D#D   z# "93"  9r2z33    & 0 @h!   93r݌  z ' Ќ  Trackinformationproducts 6( andlevelsofinformation [) dissemination. $* $ FY00: Increaseto 24 6+ educationalandinformational c, documents;4videos;reporton #- progressforotherinformation ~. sources. >/  FY99 :Establishbaseline.  +1  FY00: # D#D Ԁ57_HHE_Ԁreports;# D #D 3 0 62 _NIOSH_Ԁpublications;4videos; c3 15.6millionhitstowebsite; #4 >141,000callstohotline. ~5  FY99: 43_HHE_Ԁreports;42 38 _NIOSH_Ԁpublications;12 9 educationaldocuments;14.4 V: millionhitstowebsite;148,000 {; callstohotline.  ;< # D#D Page 6= # D#D 186# D.#D KԀ# Ds#D   [> Conduct,arrange,and *? sponsortechnologytransfer O@ andtrainingsessions. $A $ FY03: Targetwillbeestablished *B oncebaselineisestablished.  WC FY02: Settarget.  D FY01: Establishbaseline.  zE  FY03: *F FY02: Spring2002  H FY01: 28trainingsessions I given,3trainingvideos JJ released.  o K # D#D Page *L Ѐ# Dj#D 186# D#D  OM ! ! 9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLM"93"  92z33   *P 0 @h!   934݌̌    R Supportcapacitybuilding c!S activities. $#"T $ FY03: SeekImprovement.  c!U  EstablishnumberofInteragency +"V Agreementswithotherfederal "W agencies  #FX FY02: Increasethrough 3% Z establishmentof_NPPTL_Ԁand %![ OCAS.  &V"\ FY01: Establishbaseline.  C(#^  FY03: Fall2003  c!_ FY02 :Fall2002 K% d  FY01: Baselineof500 k($h PartnerssupportingNORA 3)$i efforts. )%j   ,(n # D/#D Page c!o Ѐ# D#D 186# D.#D  #"p "93"  92z33   #>r 0 @h!   93݌̌   ) %~!u )PerformanceMeasure A,!d A Target A,!d AActualPerformance A,!d ARef. 8#!d 8Supporttrainingfor % occupationalsafetyand  healthprofessionals. $@ $ FY03: Continuesupport  % FY02: Continuesupport    FY01: Continuesupport. P   FY00: Continuesupport. }   FY99: Newmeasure.    FY03 : %  FY02:    FY01: 16# D#D _ERC_sin15states, P totaling$14.7million,# D#D $2.9 } millionwith35_TPG_sin24 =  statesplusPuertoRico.    FY00: 1new_ERC_Ԁforatotalof  ! 16in15states,totaling$11.9 M " million;establishedHeartland  # CenterforOccupationalHealth  h $ andSafetyattheUniversityof ( % IowaforTrainingProgram M & Grants$2.3millionwith35   ' _TPGs_Ԁin22statesplusPuerto h ( Rico.  ( ) FY99: $10.3millionto15 + _ERCs_Ԁin14states;$2.6million x, to41trainingprogramgrantsin 8- 26states/territories.  ]. # D#D Page %/ # DN#D 186# D#D Ԁ# D#D  0 ! ! 9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLM"93"  9+2z33   @1 0 @h!   93+X݌  e2 Ќ  Reviewasampleof L3 documents,training q 4 materials,and 15 communicationefforts,and 6 beginimplementationof L7 findings. q 8  $1= $ FY03: Continuetoreviewand L> implementfindings.# DU#D   y? FY02: Continuetoreviewand A implementfindings.  dB FY01: Continueimplementation QD offindings. E  FY00: Continuetoreviewa  \K sampleofdocuments,training !$L materials,andcommunication I"M efforts,andbegin  #N implementationoffindings. #dO  FY99: Reviewthemostwidely &!R distributedtrainingmaterialsto &|"S ensurereadability,clarity,and '<#T usefulnessforintendeduser  a(#U  FY03: LV ЀFY02:  Y FY01 :# Dx#D Ԁ# D#D Over20,000copies a\ distributedofThe_NIOSH_ )] PocketGuidetoChemical ^ Hazards-CD-ROMversion D_ wasthemostrequested_NIOSH_ i` publicationD.#v## v,#D  )a  FY00: Distributed>34,000  Dc copiesofPreventing q! d _Needlestick_ԀInjuriesinHealth 5"e CareSettings;produceda "f videoforhealthcareworkers, #Xg Respirators:YourTBDefense. }$ h  FY99: Analyzeddataand &!j reportedpreliminaryresultsof &d"k anevaluationofthe_NIOSH_ '$#l latexallergyalert;updated30 I(#m analyticalmethods,basedona  )$n surveyof347laboratories.  )d%o # D#D Page Lp # D #D 186# D #D ! q q ! ! 9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLM"93"  9' 2z33   1r 0 @h!   93' T ݌̌   Lt   Validation/VerificationofPerformanceMeasures :CDCwillobtaindatafrominternalreviewsandwilluse y+'u EfficiencyandEffectivenessRatioEvaluationstocompareactualtoplannedresults. A,'v Ѐ` # D- # D  -(w  -\)x  # D  #D A_@ d@e+A   `    mD@  7 #Gm #mGIIC.7EnvironmentalHealth#Dm2 ## D #D   1 @2ͫv@f1111!, @  # D  #D TotalProgramFunding(Dollarsinthousands)  K  FY2003:0 ` $155,6060` #` #0h##(Estimate) h#h# FY2002: 0 ` $156,7230` #` #0h##(CurrentEstimate)vh#h#  FY2001: 0 ` $140,1040` #` #0h##(Actual) >h#h# # D #i D  # D #D Mandate# D #D      # DX #D CDCplans,directs,andcoordinatesprogramsthatpreventorcontrolthosediseasesordeathsthatresultfrom  N  interactionsbetweenpeopleandtheirenvironment. s   # D #D  HealthBurden    # D # D Manyofthepublichealthsuccessesthatwereachievedinthe20thcenturycanbetracedtoinnovationsin V  environmentalhealthpractices.However,overthepastseveraldecades,thenationscapabilitytodetermine {  andaddresspotentialenvironmentalhealththreatshaseroded.Suchthreatscontinuetoposeriskstoour ;  healthandposesignificantchallengestopublichealthandenvironmentalpolicymakers.#  D2 #D Forexample,acluster   of14casesofchildhoodleukemiainthesmalltownof_Fallon_,Nevadaarate42timeshigherthanthenational V averagecontinuestostumphealthofficialsandfrightenlocalparentsastheyseektodeterminethecauseof { thediseasecluster.# D_ # D ԀTherehasbeenmuchspeculationaboutpossibleenvironmentallinkstoneurological ; diseases,autism,andattentiondeficitdisorder.Someresearchershavehypothesizedthatdiseasessuchas  multiplesclerosis,Parkinsonsdisease,andAlzheimersdiseasemaybelinkedtoenvironmentalhazard V exposures.Currently,thenationsenvironmentalpublichealthsystemslackthecapacitynecessarytoconduct { thescientificstudiesneededtoanswerthesecriticalquestions.#  D  # D Ԁ#  D} # D  ; #  D #D # D # D Environmentalfactorsmayalsobelinkedtoexistinghealthconditionsthathaveworsenedoverthepastfew V years.#  DZ #D ԀForexample,anestimated14.9millionAmericans# D" #D Ԁhaveasthma(including4.8millionchildren).The { numberofpeoplewithasthmaincreasedby102%between1980and1994.Thefinancialburdenofasthmawas ; $6.2billionin1990andapproximately$11billionin1998.# D #D Ԁ# D #D Racialdisparitiesforcertainconditionshavealso  becomemoreevident.Forinstance,theproblemofchildhoodleadpoisoningiscurrentlyconcentratedinracial V andethnicminoritiesandlowincomehouseholds;nearly22%ofblackchildrenlivinginhomesbuiltbefore1946 { haveelevatedbloodleadlevels,comparedwithlessthan2%inwhiteslivinginnewerhomes.# D #D Ԁ# D  # D ԀGlobalhealth ;  disparitiesarealsobecomingmorepronounced;environmentalfactorssuchas_micronutrient_Ԁmalnutrition,poor ! airquality,andpoorsanitationcausemuchgreaterlossoflifeandhealthinsomepartsoftheworldoutsideof V" theU.S. {# #  DN #D  Strategies,Activities,andResources   % # D # D CDCintendstocontinuefully#  D # D ԀsupportingitsasthmaandchildhoodleadpoisoningpreventionprogramsinFY !^& 2003.CDCalsowillcontinue#  D # D to#  D # D provideassistancetostatesforpublichealthgeneticsactivitiesandexpand "' effortstointegrategeneticsintoCDCresearch.#  D #D Ԁ C#( # D # D CDCintendstohelpbuildsustainablepublichealthcapacityatstateandlocallevelsbyassigningCDCstaffto $^ * healthdepartments,creatingguidelinesforprofessionaluse,andprovidingeducationtoformahighlytrained %!+ publichealthworkforce.#  D # D Bybuildingtheenvironmentalpublichealthinfrastructureanddevelopingtheworkforce, C&!, CDCwillbeabletorespondtocurrentandfutureenvironmentalhealththreats.ThisactivityaddressesthePew '"- EnvironmentalHealthCommissions18monthexamination(culminatinginJanuary2001)oftheabilityof '^#. Americaspublichealthsystemtorespondappropriatelytocurrentandfutureenvironmentalhealththreats.The ($/ Commissionfoundexistingenvironmentalhealthsystemstobeinadequateandfragmentedateverylevelof C)$0 government,withenvironmentalresponseandprotectionresponsibilitiesscatteredamongenvironmental *%1 regulatoryandpublichealthprograms. *^&2 #  Dy # D TheCommission#  D # D calledupontheDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesandtheCDCinparticularto1) C,'4 strengthenthenationsenvironmentalhealthdefensesystem;and2)preventdiseaseandimprovethehealthof -(5 allAmericansbyidentifyingandcontrollingtheenvironmentalprecursorsofchronicillnessandestablishing -^)6 publichealthsreadinesstorespondtoenvironmentalhealththreatsnationwide.#  D8! # D Inparticular,itwas e recommendedthattheCDCcreateanationalhealthtrackingnetworktoprovidenecessaryinformationtobetter % understand,respondto,andpreventchronicdiseaseintheU.S.#  DB# # D Ԁ#  Do$ #D SinceCDCsmissionforitsNationalCenterfor  EnvironmentalHealthistopromotehealthandqualityoflifebypreventingorcontrollingthosediseasesor @ deathsthatresultfrominteractionsbetweenpeopleandtheirenvironment,theperformanceplanforFY2003 e consistsprimarilyoffillingthisinformationandcapacitygap.# D$ # D ԀInFY2003,CDCaimstocontinuetobuildsuch % capacityinenvironmentalhealth,whichwillfacilitatetheaccomplishmentofspecificperformancegoalsinall  programs.#  D}& #D   @ # D' # D Linksto_DHHS_ԀStrategicPlan %    Environmentalhealthmeasuresrelateto_DHHS_ԀGoal1:Reducemajorthreatstothehealthandproductivityofall    Americans,andGoal5:Improvepublichealthsystems.# D' # D   L     &% DPresentationofPerformance# D% &) #  5  #  Dl) #D &%D ProtectingHealthandPromotingPartnerships #D%&q* # p   &%DIIC.7aEnvironmentalHealthLaboratoryScience!_Biomonitoring_#D%&+ # m   # DN* #D Toprotectthepublicfromdeathanddiseaseresultingfromexposuretoenvironmentalchemicals,CDCand   otherhealthagenciesneedaccurateandreliablemeasurements,fromactualhumantissuesamples,ofthe h extentanddegreeofsuchhumanexposures.Althoughscientistscanestimatetheseexposures,itismore , accuratetoactuallymeasurethelevelsof_toxicants_Ԁinpeople'sbodies,aprocesscalled _biomonitoring_.# D+ #D Without Q adequateexposuremeasurements,healthofficialsmightdeclaredangeroussituationsassafe,threateningthe  healthofthepublic;similarly,theymightdeclaresafesituationsasdangerous,causingunduealarmandwasting l largesumsofmoneyonneedless_remediation_Ԁefforts.# DX. #D Ԁ# D0 #D However,routine_biomonitoring_Ԁofhumantissuesamples , representativeoftheU.S.populationoccursforonly6%of1,400knownorpotentiallytoxicchemicals. Q ThroughitsNational_Biomonitoring_ԀProgram,CDCisexpandingtheinformationontheamountandtypesof l environmentalchemicalsthataffectpeopleshealth.CDCcannowmeasurethepresenceofmorethan200 , suchsubstances!metals,pesticides,_dioxins_,andothers!inbloodandurine.CDCusesstateoftheart Q analyticalmethodstomeasurethepresenceofchemicalsatlowlevels,suchaspartspertrillionorpartsper  quadrillion.Typically,CDCmeasurestheselevelsinlessthanateaspoonofbloodorurine. l  CDCproducedtheNationalReportonHumanExposuretoEnvironmentalChemicals,whichprovides Q" informationabouttheU.S.populationsexposuretosuchchemicals.Currently,mostassessmentsofhuman # exposureto_toxicants_Ԁarebasedonindirectsurrogatesofexposure,suchasquestionnairedataor p$ concentrationsoftoxicsubstancesmeasuredinair,water,food,soil,anddust.ThefirstReport,releasedin  0% March2001,providedinformationonlevelsof27environmentalchemicalsactuallyfoundinpeople.# DU0 #D Thereport U!& willimprovethepublicshealthby:1)providinginformationonthelevelofexposuretochemicalsthatmaycause "' cancer,birthdefects,andrespiratoryandotherdiseases;2)determiningexposuresindifferentdemographic "p( groups;3)identifyingandtrackingexposuresthatmaybeontherise;and4)trackingtheimpactofprograms #0) designedtoreduceexposures. U$* CDCalsousesits_biomonitoring_Ԁexpertisetoinvestigateunusualexposuresandtostudythecausesofdiseases %p!, andbirthdefects.Forexample,afterthepesticidemethylparathionwasillegallysprayedinhomesinseven &0"- states,CDCdevelopedabetterwaytomeasurethepresenceofthatpesticideinurine.CDCwillexpandits U'". _biomonitoring_Ԁeffortstomeasuremoretoxicsubstancesandtotransfertechnologytostatelaboratories.Over (#/ thenext3years,CDCwillalsoincreasethenumberofenvironmentalchemicalsintheexposurereporttoat (p$0 least100. )0%1 Theperformancemeasuresforthisprogramrepresentimportantoutcomesforaddressingamajorpublichealth +&3 gap.Limitationsintheabilitytomeasureenvironmentalchemicalsinhumansimpedetheabilitytodeal +p'4 effectivelywithenvironmentalemergenciesandcompromisetheresultsofstudiesseekingcausesof ,0(5 environmentaldiseases.GreateravailabilityofmethodsforassessinghumanexposurewillenhanceCDCs U-(6 abilitytorespondtoemergencieswhenpeoplearesickordyingfromunknowncauses,toimplementand .)7 evaluatepreventionprograms,andtomeasuretrendsinexposureoftheU.S.populationtoenvironmental e chemicals.# D6 #D CDCs_biomonitoring_Ԁeffortswillbeexpandedovertimetoincludeagreaterfocusontechnology % transfer;toachievethis,CDCisprovidingfinancialandtechnicalassistancetostatepublichealthlaboratoriesto  helpthemdevelopcapacitytomeasureenvironmentalchemicalsinhumansamples.Suchassistanceallows @ stateofficialstostudyenvironmentalchemicalsthatarepriorityconcernsintheirstatesandaccuratelydetermine e iftheirpopulationshavebeenexposed. # D> # D Ԁ#  DUA # D Ԁ#  DA #D Ԁ# DA #D Ԁ %  PerformanceSummary   @ CDCachievedtheFY1999targetformethodstomeasurehumanexposuretoenvironmentalchemicalsandthe m  FY2000targetformethodstomeasure8additionalsubstances.CDChasincreasedtheFY2002targetto13 -   newsubstancesduetoanimprovementinanalyticalmethods.CDCanticipatesmeetingthisnewperformance    goalof13newsubstancesbytheendofFY2002,foracumulativetotalof41newsubstancessinceFY1999.  H  TheavailabilityofnewmethodsallowsCDCtoparticipateinadditionalstudiesoftheimpactofexposureon m   developmentofdiseaseandallowsforadditionalsubstancestobeincludedintheannualnationalexposure -  report.InFY2001,CDCreleasedthefirstsuchreport,entitledtheNationalReportonHumanExposureto   EnvironmentalChemicals.# D/B #D GiventheeventsofSeptember11andsubsequentshiftinprioritiestointensifyanti L  terrorismactivities,CDC'sexpectedreleasedateforthesecondNationalReportwillbedelayeduntilDecember u  2002.uA H 5  G # DWF #D  GoalbyGoalPresentationofPerformance u A_@ d@,APerformanceGoal:0 Developlaboratorycapacitytomonitorhumanexposurestoenvironmental 2 chemicalsintheenvironment.  # # @Zv@1111!-_H @*`edddd q  dd dd = dd `##, dd ,\ dd ,dd ,dd +  / /PerformanceMeasure A,!W ATarget A,!W AActualPerformance A,!W ARef. 8#!W 8Developlaboratorymethodsto N measurehumanexposureto s environmentalchemicals. $3 $ FY03: 13newsubstances  N  FY02: 13newsubstances  {! FY01: 12newsubstances C"  FY00: 8newsubstances  #  FY99: 󀀀8newsubstances  n$  FY03: N% FY02: {& FY01: Achieved C'  FY00: Achieved  (  FY99: Achieved n)  FY97: 200(baseline)  6* Page N+ 113 s,  9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLM"93"  9DO 2z33   . 0 @t!   93DO qO ݌ N/  Ќ   9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLMN Ӏ A_@ d@n-APerformanceGoal:0 PeriodicallydeterminethenumberofAmericansexposedtoenvironmental  2 chemicalsandthedegreeoftheirexposure.  g3 # # @Zv@!`1111!.P @*`eded dd \ dd \ dd dd `##,( dd , dd ,dd ,9dd +  &!`4!` & PerformanceMeasure /)"5 / Target /)"6 / ActualPerformance /)"7 / Ref. /)"8 /# DG #D TestasampleofAmericansfor # 9 tissueexposuretoanincreasing E$: numberofpriorityenvironmental % ; chemicals. $%`!< $ FY03: 100substances;report # = onthe75substancesfromthe M$> previousyear   % ? FY02: 75substances;report %h!@ onthe50substancesfromthe &0"A previousyear  U'"B FY01: 50substances;report (x$D onthe27substancesfromthe )@%E previousyear e*&F  FY00: 25substances  ,@(I  FY03: # J FY02: %x!M FY01: Releasedreporton ($Q 27chemicals/completed )`%R testingof50substancesfor * &S subsequentreport E+&T  FY00: Exceeded/27 ,`(V  FY98: 0(baseline)  -()W Page # X # DET #D 113# DX #D G  E$Y   9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLM"93"  93Y 2z33  0 #   D#vX #v93Y Y ݌#& "\####  #Ќ   9GHIJKLM(xx9GHIJKLMDY #D8Z # Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures :Thedevelopmentofnewmethodsrequirescertification e  undertheClinicalLaboratoryImprovementsActof1988(_CLIA_).DatasystemsareinplacetomonitorCDCs - performanceunder_CLIA_Ԁ(seeAppendixA.2).CDCalsoconductsinternalqualityassuranceproceduresto  confirmresultsandensurevalidity.TheNationalExposureReportwilluse_CLIA_Ԅapprovedmethodsforthe H prioritytoxicsubstancestobemeasuredasapartofthe_NHANES_Ԁsurveys.Theuseofthe_CLIA_Ԅapproved m methodswillbeverifiedbybothinternalqualityassurancepersonnelandseniorstaff.Thesamplesizeand - controlmechanismsfortheexposurereportareestablishedaspartof_NHANES_Ԁ(seeAppendixB).   &%DIIC.7bEnvironmentalHealthLaboratoryScience!#&0"%%&zZ #&%"%&0NewbornScreeningQualityAssurance#D%&_ #  -   Inadditiontoitscriticalworkin_biomonitoring_,CDCsenvironmentalhealthlaboratoryplaysaroleinthe  h  screeningofnewbornsforinheriteddisorderssuchas_phenylketonuria_Ԁ(PKU),hypothyroidism,andsicklecell  (  disease.Ifsuchdisordersaredetectedearly,actionscanbetakentoreducementalretardation,disability,or M  deathinaffectedinfants.CDClaboratorytechnologyisimprovingtheabilityofthehealthcarecommunityto    detecttreatablemedicalconditionsearlythroughnewbornscreening.Morethan4millionbabiesborneachyear h  aretestedthroughscreeningprogramsusingdriedbloodspotscollectedatbirth.Accuracyinscreeningensures (  thataffectedbabiesareidentifiedquickly,thatcasesarenotmissed,andthatthenumberof"falsepositive" M  resultsareminimized.Toensurethatthesescreeningeffortsmeetthehigheststandards,CDCoperatesa    NewbornScreeningQualityAssuranceprogramtoassiststatepublichealthlaboratoriesthatconductscreening. h  PerformanceSummary  M CDCsNewbornScreeningQualityAssuranceProgramhasbeentheonlycomprehensivesourceofessential  qualityimprovementservicesformorethan20yearsandisrecognizedworldwideasthecenterofexpertisein p driedbloodspottechnologies.Eachyear,approximately3,000babieswithseveredisordersaredetected,and 0 thousandsofchildrenarelivinghealthyandproductivelivesasaresultofnewbornscreeningandCDCsquality U assuranceprogram.Astechnologytodetectnewborndisordersadvances,statesareexpandingscreening  programstoincludeadditionaldisorders.Forexample,theuseoftandemmassspectrometryallowsfor p identificationofanumberofadditionaldisorders.Therefore,CDCisexpandingitsqualityassuranceprogramto 0 includetheseaddedillnesses.CDCseffortsatexpandingnewbornscreeningqualityassurancethroughtheuse U oftandemmassspectrometrywillnotbefullyoperationaluntiltheendofFY2002.   GoalbyGoalPresentationofPerformance # DA` #D Y  0   A_@ d@.APerformanceGoal:0 Ensurethequalityoflaboratorytechnologiestoquicklyandaccuratelydetect N" inheriteddisordersinnewborns. # # # @Zv@ 1111!/j @*`eded( dd ( dd dd 9dd 9`##, dd ,) dd ,dd ,dd +  & $  & PerformanceMeasure /s % / Target /s & / ActualPerformance /s ' / Ref. /s ( /Increasethenumberofdisorders !j) coveredbytheNewbornScreening "** QualityAssuranceProgram. $O#+ $ FY03: 32disorders  !j, FY02: 32disorders "2-  FY01: 15disorders  _#.  FY03: !j/ FY02:  "20  FY01 :15 _#1  FY00: 15(baseline)  '$2 Page !j3 # Dj #D 113# Dpp #D j  "*4  9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLM"93"  9q 2z33   O#5 0 @u!   93q q ݌ $6  Ќ  Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasure :Newdisorderswillbeverifiedthroughcollaborationwith %z!7 statepublichealthandotherlaboratoriesandpublicationinpeerreviewedjournals. &B"8    `    &%DIIC.7cAsthma#D%&}s #  ($; # Dp #D ThenumberofAmericanswithasthmadoubledbetween1979and1994.Anestimated14.9millionpersonsin *"&= theU.S.currentlyhaveasthma,and4.4millionofthesepeoplearechildren.Whilethecauseofasthmaremains G+&> unknown,itispossibletocontrolasthmaattacksinpeoplewhohaveasthma.CDCisworkingtowardsthegoal ,'? ofdevelopingcosteffectiveenvironmentalinterventionsthat,inconjunctionwithimprovedmedical ,b(@ management,willreducethenumberofasthmaexacerbationsandimprovethequalityoflifeofpeoplewith -")A asthma.Whileitisdifficulttomeasureimprovementsinqualityoflife,CDCusesthreeindicatorstobest G.)B estimatequalityoflifeinitsstrategytoattainthisgoal:numberofmissedschooldaysduetoasthma,numberof e dayscharacterizedbyactivitylimitationduetoasthma,andnumberofmissedworkdaysduetoasthma. % Inspiteofthefactthatimprovedmedicalmanagementincombinationwithenvironmentalinterventionshas @ proveneffectiveinpreventingasthmaattacks,CDCdidnotmeetitsHealthyPeople2000objectivesrelatedto e reductionsinhospitalizationsrelatedtoasthma.Infact,theminimalnationaldata(whichareneithercomplete % nortimely)thatareavailableindicatethatratesofasthmaamongbothchildrenandadultsareincreasing.  Outcomegoalsarenotcurrentlyfeasible,becausethereisnosuitablesystemformeasurement(sinceasthma  @ programsdonotcurrentlyexist).Essentially,thereiscurrentlynonationalprogramtoaddresstheasthma e  epidemic.Thefirststepinovercomingthisbarrieristoenableallstatesandmajorcitiesthatcandocumentan %   asthmaproblemtoimplementcoreasthmaprograms.Acoreasthmaprogramiscomposedofthreeactivities:    tracking(surveillance),ensuringthatinterventionsaresciencebased,anddevelopingrelevantpartnerships  @  withinthestate(i.e.,withmedicalfacilities,schools,etc.).Oncestateshavethesecapabilities,wecan e  strengthenoureffortstoimprovethequalityoflifeofpeoplewithasthma.# D t #D Aspartoftheefforttoassiststatesin %  gainingthecapabilitytodocumenttheirasthmaproblemsandtoappropriatelytargetresources# D} #D ,CDChas:   developedanasthmamoduletobeusedbyanationaltrackingsystemforaddressingadultasthma;begun @  developmentofamoduleforanationaltrackingsystemthatfocusesonchildren;andbeguntoprovidefunding e  tostatestodeveloptheirownasthmatrackingcapabilities. %  Duetothenewnessofthestateprograms,thecurrentperformancemeasureisofamoreprocessbasednature. @ Asthestatebasedprogramsbecomefullyimplemented,theperformancegoalandmeasurewillbechangedto e reflectlongtermhealthoutcomes andwillbeguidedbytheHealthyPeople2010asthmaobjectives. % # D~ #D  PerformanceSummary  @ # D #D In1998,CDCestablishedasthmacontactsinall50statestoactasfocalpointsforinitiationofasthmaprograms. m CDCprovidedtheasthmacontactswithcriticalinformationontheepidemiologyofasthma,surveillance, - interventions,legislation,andmedicalmanagement.In1999,CDCfundedstatestobuildcorecapacityfor  respondingtotheincreasedprevalenceofasthma.CDCplannedtofund6statesinFY1999,butfundingwas H adequateforonly4states.InFY2000,CDCfunded8states,bringingthetotalto12.# D( #D CDCwasabletoexceed m theestimatedFY2001targetof18statesduetothefactthatCDCreceivedmorefundingforFY2001asthma - activitiesthanexpected.# DƄ #D Similarly,sinceFY2002appropriationsincludeanunexpectedfundingincreasefor  asthmatheFY2002targethasbeenincreasedto28states. H CDCdevelopedasthmaquestionsforthestatebased_BRFSS_Ԁtoestimatetheprevalenceofasthmainadultsin -! allstates.CDCalsoimplementedasentinelasthmasurveillanceprojectinhospitalemergencydepartmentsand " developedanasthmaquestionnairethatfocusesonchildrentobeusedintheStateandLocalAreaIntegrated H# TelephoneSurvey(_SLAITS_).# Dͅ #D CDCisfundingseveraluniversitiesandhospitalemergencydepartmentsto m$ conductresearchonasthmascreeningandsentinelsurveillance. - %  GoalbyGoalPresentationofPerformance  !H'  A_@ d@5#/APerformanceGoal:0 Improvestateandlocalpublichealthcapacitytopreventandcontrolasthma. f#) # # @Zv@_$1111!0Ɖ @*`ded dd ) dd ) dd dd `##, dd ,j dd , dd ,dd +  /_$*_$ /PerformanceMeasure A,!$^ + ATarget A,!$^ , AActualPerformance A,!$^ - ARef. 8#!$^ . 8Stateswillhaveimplementedcore &!/ asthmaprograms $&z"0 $ StateswithAsthma &!1 Programs: &"2 FY03: 28states  w($4 FY02: 28 states  ?)$5 FY01: 18states *%6  FY00: 8states *j&7  FY99: 󀀀6states  +2'8  StateswithAsthma &!9 Programs: &": FY03: w($< FY02: ?)$= FY01: Exceeded/25 *%>  FY00: Exceeded/12 *j&?  FY99: 4 +2'@  FY97: 0  _,'A Page &!B # D #D 113# D2 #D p  &z"C  9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLM"93"  9R 2z33   )$F 0 @q!   93R  ݌ )z%G     9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLMѐ  W-(G  VerificationandValidationofPerformanceMeasure :Dataverificationisbasedonrequiredreportingby e  grantees.CDCprojectofficerswillverifythatstatesarefulfillingtherequirementsofcooperativeagreements - throughroutinemonitoringofthegrantsprocess.CDC_epidemiologists_Ԁwillreviewallstatisticalandsurveillance  datatoensureappropriateapplicationofstatisticalandepidemiologicmethods. H Ѐ  m &%DIIC.7dChildhoodLeadPoisoning#D%& #  - Leadpoisoningisamajorenvironmentalhealththreattochildren.TheNationalAcademyofScienceshas  h reportedthatevenrelativelylowlevelsofleadexposure10microgramsperdeciliter(%g/dl)areharmfuland  ( areassociatedwithdecreasedintelligence,behaviorproblems,andotherphysicalproblems.Duringthepasttwo M   decades,therehasbeenadramaticreductionoftheprevalenceofleadpoisoninginyoungchildrenintheU.S.    Thisreductionwasduetoanumberofdifferentstrategies,includingtheremovalofleadfromgasolineandnew  h  housepaintandtheimplementationofpreventionprogramsbyCDC,HousingandUrbanDevelopment,andthe  (  EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.# Dw #D Ԁ# DϘ #D  M  Despitethesesuccesses,however,childhoodleadpoisoningremainsaseriousproblem.CDCestimatesthatas h  manyas890,000youngchildrenstillhaveelevatedbloodleadlevels.Childrenfromlowincomebackgrounds, (  especiallyracialandethnicminoritieswholiveinrundownhousingbuiltbefore1960,areathighestriskforlead M  poisoning.Nearly22%ofnonHispanicblackchildrenlivinginhomesbuiltbefore1946haveelevatedblood    leadlevels,comparedwith<2%innonHispanicwhiteslivinginnewerhomes.# D #D Medicaidenrolledchildren h accountfor60%ofallchildrenwithelevatedbloodleadlevels.# DÛ #D ԀRecentdatashowthatonly19%ofMedicaid ( enrolledchildrenhavebeenscreenedforleadpoisoning. M Inresponsetorecentfindings,CDChasshiftedtheemphasisfromuniversalscreeningofallU.S.childrento h targetedscreeningofhighriskchildrenandhasrevisedpolicyrecommendationsandfundingguidelines ( accordingly.CDCsupportedafederaladvisorycommitteetodeveloprecommendationsforscreeningand M improvedcasemanagement.CDCalsodevelopeditsfirstgeographicinformationsystem(GIS)websiteusing   U.S.censusdataonincome,race,andhousingagetoidentifyhighriskgeographicareas.CDCworksclosely h withotheragenciestoincreasescreeningofMedicaidenrolledchildrenandisexpandingtechnicalassistance, ( consultation,andtrainingtosupportstateandlocalhealthofficialsandtheirpreventionprograms.Throughan M interagencyagreementwithCMS(formerly_HCFA_),CDCprovidestechnicalassistanceandconsultationto   improvethescreeningrateofchildrenenrolledinMedicaid. h  PerformanceSummary  U! # Du # D CDCprovidesnationalleadership,technicalassistance,andsurveillancetopreventandreducechildhoodlead " poisoning.Traditionally,_NHANES_Ԁhasprovidedthebasisforestimatingtheprevalenceofchildrenwithelevated x# bloodleadlevelsovera3yearperiod;thus,resultsforthefirstperformancemeasurecanbeassessedonly 8$ everythreeyears. ] % However,CDCcontinuesannuallytoactivelysupportleadpoisoningpreventionandsurveillanceeffortsinstates !x' throughoutthecountry.CDChasaperformancemeasuretoensurethatsupportedstatesestablishasystem "8( thatdeterminesthenumberofchildrenparticipatinginMedicaidwhoarebeingscreenedforelevatedbloodlead ]#) levels.ThisrequiresthatstatesengageinaninformationexchangewithCMS.Workingoutthemechanicsin $* establishingsuchasystemofinformationexchangeisacumbersometaskforthesestates.Somestatesare $x + abletodothismorequicklythanothers,sometimesduetodifferingstartingpoints.TheFY2000targetforthis %8!, measurewas15%ofCDCsupportedstates,andactualperformancewas12.5%.WhileCDCoffersasmuch ]&!- supportaspossibletothesestates,itisimpossibletopredictwhichoneswillexperiencetechnicaldifficultiesor '". delaysinestablishingtheirsystemswithCMS.Althoughonly12.5%ofCDCsupportedstateshadsuchasystem 'x#/ inplaceattheendofFY2000,manystateshavebeguneffortstoatleastlinkMedicaidinformationwith (8$0 childhoodleadpoisoningsurveillancedata,pavingthewaytodevelopingsuchasystem.InFY2000,45%(18) ])$1 ofthefortyCDCsupportedstateshadbegundialoguewithMedicaidstaff,and35%(14)hadbegunusing *%2 Medicaiddata.#  Dߡ #D Thetargetof25%wasachievedforFY2001.Basedonthetrendsfromthesedata,CDC *x&3 believesthatitstargetsforFY2002willalsobeachieved. +8'4 # D #D    `     h    -x)7 Ї bGoalbyGoalPresentationofPerformance  %    `    A_@ d@H0APerformanceGoal:0 Helpstatesreducetheburdenofleadpoisoninginchildren. # D #  y # # #  Ԭ #@ѝ@r1111!1 @D *`ddZ dd ' dd j dd  dd `##, dd , dd , dd ,dd +  /22 /PerformanceMeasure A,! ATarget A,! AActualPerformance A,! ARef. 8#!  8Reducethenumberofchildren W   withelevatedbloodlead    levels. $ r  $ FY03: 35%reduction  W   FY02:   FY01:   FY00:  J FY99: 25%reduction  w    FY03: W  FY02:   FY01:   FY00:  J FY99: NodatainFY99 w   _NHANES_;next_NHANES_Ԁdata ?  availableFY03.    FY9194 :890,000children Z  withbloodlevels>10 "  microgramsperdeciliter. G    " Page W  # Du #D 113# DO #D       Increasethepercentageof v! CDCsupportedstateswith 6" systemstodeterminethe [# numberofMedicaidenrolled $ childrenwhoarescreenedfor v% leadpoisoning. $6& $ FY03: 40%  v' FY02: 40%  >( FY01: 25% k)  FY00: 15%  3*  FY03: v+ FY02: >, FY01: Achieved k-  FY00: 12.5% 3.  FY99: 󀀀0%  / Page v0 # D #D 113# D #D dz  61   Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures: CDCregularlyreviewsgranteesprogressreportstoensure K2 adherencetograntrequirements.Reviewsincludeupdatesontheabilityofstatestodeterminethenumberof 3 Medicaidenrolledchildrenwhoarescreenedforleadpoisoning. n4    `     h    &%DIIC.7eGeneticsandDiseasePrevention #D%& # D 7 #D ] #CDCintegratesdiscoveriesinhumangeneticsintodiseasepreventionstrategiesasoutlinedintheCDCstrategic N9 plan,TranslatingAdvancesinHumanGeneticsintoPublicHealthAction.CDCpromotespublichealthgenetic s : knowledgeandcapacitythrough:1)stateandcommunitylevelhealthassessmentandplanning,2)publichealth 7!; researchon_gene:environment_Ԁinteractions,3)evaluationofgenetictesting,4)anationalprogramfor !< implementingeffectiveandethicaldiseaseinterventions,and5)communicationandtrainingstrategiesfor "R= providingrelevantgeneticsinformationtovariousaudiences.Theseprogramsarecollaborativeeffortsamong w#> public,academic,andprivateorganizationsthatstrengthencrosscuttingresearch,training,laboratory,and 7$? preventivehealthprograms.Byintegratinggeneticsintoexistingpublichealthprograms,CDCandpartnersare $ @ expandingopportunitiestotargetinterventionstopersonswithspecificgeneticvariantsthatreducetheirriskof %R!A diseaseanddisability. w&"B @77+7 -)L bq e   PerformanceSummary   CDCactivelypromotestheintegrationofhumangeneticsintopublichealthpreventionactivities.CDC'sgenetics  activitiesinthispursuitcanbebrokendownintotwofacets:integratingscientificadvancesingeneticsintopublic  healthactionanddevelopingstatepublichealthcapacityforsuchintegration.# Dض #D CDCbeganprovidingtechnical CH assistancetostatestobeginintegratinggeneticsintotheirpublichealthactivitiesinFY2001andachievedits  goalofassistingbetween3and5states.# D #D ԀCDCalsoworkscollaborativelywithotherfederalagenciestofacilitate  theintegrationofgeneticsintotheirfederalandstateactivities.CDChasstartedassessingDNAbasedtestsfor   clinicalandpublichealthutility,andthegoalofthreetestswasachievedduringFY2001.TheoriginalFY2002 C H targetwasdevelopedbasedonafundinglevelnotgrantedintheactualFY2002appropriations.Therefore,the   FY2002targetof79stateswasdecreasedto35statesandtheFY2003targetwasdecreasedfrom12states    to79states.However,thedecreaseinexpectedfundingwillnotaffectthetargetsforthesecondgenetics    performancegoal. C H  # D #D   GoalbyGoalPresentationbyBudget     A_@ d@  1APerformanceGoal:0 Helpstatesusegeneticinformationintheirpublichealthprograms. <A  # # @Zv@5: 1111!2 @*`edd^ dd dd V dd dd `##, dd ,@ dd ,dd ,dd +  &5: 5:  & PerformanceMeasure /  / Target 8#  8ActualPerformance A,!  ARef. 8#!  8Increasethenumberofstates  receivingtechnicalassistancefrom  CDCtointegrategeneticsinto uz publichealth. $5: $ FY03: 79states   FY02: 35states   FY01: 35states    FY03:  FY02:    FY01: Achieved/4   FY00: 0(baseline)  MR  Page ! # DB #D 113# D9 #D   " "93"  9 2z33   uz# 0 @o!   93  ݌ 5:$  Ќ  A_@ d@2APerformanceGoal:0 Increasetheavailabilitytopublichealthprofessionalsandthepublicof & informationonspecificDNAbasedtests. ' # # @Zv@1111!3 @*`eded dd @ dd @ dd dd `##, dd ,v dd ,dd ,dd +  &( & PerformanceMeasure / ) / Target 8# * 8ActualPerformance A,! + ARef. 8#! , 8IncreasethenumberofDNAbased w|- testsassessedusingacoresetof 7<. datatodefineclinicalandpublic / healthutility. $0 $ FY03: 6tests  w|1 FY02: 4tests  ?D2 FY01: 3tests  3   5  FY03: w|6 FY02: ?D7 FY01: Achieved  8  FY00: 0(baseline)  9 Page w|: # D~ #D 113# D{ #D   7<; "93"  9 2z33   < 0 @v!   93 E ݌ =  Ќ  Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures :Performancemeasureswillbeverifiedbyreviewsof G!L> reportsrequiredbycontractrecipients.CDCprojectofficerswillregularlyreviewrequirementstoensure "? compliance. "@  @77+7&%DIIC.7fEnvironmentalHealthTrackingandInfrastructure#D%&" # % D  # D # D InJanuary2001,afteran18monthexaminationoftheabilityofAmericaspublichealthsystemtorespondto '"F environmentalhealththreats,thePewEnvironmentalHealthCommissionreportedsuchcapacitytobeseverely O(T#G deficient.Inparticular,theCommissionidentifiedavarietyofindividualchronicdiseasesurveillancesystems )$H thatwereunabletolinktoeachotherortoexistingdatabasescontaininginformationaboutenvironmental )$I exposures.Whilethereisawealthofinformationthatexistsinhazard,exposure,andhealthoutcomedatabases *%J atthestateandnationallevels,thereislittlesynchronizationinthecollection,analysis,anddisseminationofthis O+T&K information.Inordertocorrectthedisjointednatureofthesesystems,itwasrecommendedthatCDCcreatea ,'L NationalHealthTrackingNetworktoproperlyintegrateexistingandnewlyacquiredinformationintoasystemfor ,'M effectiveenvironmentalpublichealthtracking,analysis,andevaluation. -(N  O.T)O 7mr 78  %%d %%d8 7  CDCconcursthatsuchadeliberateprocesscoulddocumentpossiblelinksbetweenenvironmentalhazardsand  chronicdisease,therebyprovidingthefundamentalinformationneededtodesign,implement,andevaluate  diseasepreventionstrategies.Suchknowledgecouldbeusedinrespondingtooutbreaks,diseaseclusters,and { trendsinidentifiedhealthconditions.CDCsvisionforaNationalHealthTrackingNetworkisthatthehealthof ;@ Americansisimprovedbytrackingandlinkinghealthdatatoenvironmentalhazardsandexposuresandassuring  thatcommunitieshavethecapacitytoactonthisinformation.#  D # D  p      x   #  D #D Anothernecessityinsafeguardingthepublicshealthagainstenvironmentalhealththreatsisadequate ; @ infrastructureatthelocal,state,andfederallevelstoensurerapidandeffectivedeliveryofsurveillance,analysis,   andinterventionstoallofthepotentiallyimpactedpeople,andtoensureappropriateandrapidresponseto    reduceoreliminatetheenvironmentalhealthimpact.Manyoftheemergingandreemergingpublichealth {   issuesoccurringtodayrequireacoordinatedandsophisticatedenvironmentalhealthresponse,dependenton ; @  solidinfrastructure.Currently,suchinfrastructureandcoordinationdoesnotexistatthestateandlocallevels,   whereitismostimportant. Stateandlocalenvironmentalhealthprogramsdonothaveanadequateworkforce   (bothinnumberandskills)topreventorrespondtomanyenvironmentallyrelateddiseasesandemergencies. {  CDCiscurrentlyattemptingtocorrectthisgapthroughtheprovisionoftrainingandothermeansofworkforce ;@  developmenttostates.d# Du #D     dPerformanceSummary  {  Thenewenvironmentalhealthtrackingprogramencompassesthe CoreCapacitygoalsfromFY2002's CH performanceplan.Thefirstperformancemeasurehasbeenchanged,however,tomoreaccuratelyreflectthe  activitiesthatCDCwillundertakeinpursuitofthegoalofincreasingunderstandingoftherelationshipbetween  environmentalexposuresandhealtheffects.# Dp #D ԀInFY2002,CDCwillsupportupto20statebaseddemonstration  projectsthatwillfocusondefiningacoresetoftrackingfunctionsthatcanbeimplementedwithinthestate.# D # D In CH additiontocoordinatingthesecollaborativeextramuralplanningefforts,CDCwillsupportthedevelopmentof  CDCteamsthatcanrespondtoenvironmentaldiseaseoutbreaksandcancerclusters.#  D #    #   #D Regardingitsgoalofdevelopingcorecapacityinenvironmentalhealthservices,CDChasbeguntheprocessof KP developingsuchcapacitybyprovidingrelevantservicestoandexpandingcollaborationswithitsconstituents.   CDCachievedandexceededitsgoalofassisting5sitesinFY2001andhaschangedthetargetforFY2002and  FY2003from7statesto17states.Thegoalof5sitesforFY2001wasgreatlyexceededduetounexpected  fundingfromdiscretionarysources.ThegoalsforFY2002andFY2003wereincreasedto17sitesforsimilar KP reasons;FY2002appropriationsincludedfundingfortrackingandcapacitydevelopmentthatwasnotexpected    untilFY2003andthatwasathigherlevelsthanexpected. !  GoalbyGoalPresentationbyBudgetd  KP#  A_@ d@ 3AdPerformanceGoal:0 Increaseunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenenvironmentalexposures ! % andhealtheffects.!& # #  @T١C3@"1111!4 @*`eded dd v dd v dd dd `##, dd ,v dd ,dd ,dd +  &"'" & PerformanceMeasure /)#.( / Target /)#.) / ActualPerformance /)#.* / Ref. /)#.+ /Numberofstatebased $, demonstrationprojectstodefine E%J - trackingfunctionsforaNational & !. HealthTrackingNetworkd $&!/ $d FY03: upto20demonstration $0 projects M%R 1  FY02: upto20demonstration  &!2 projects  &!3  FY03: $4 FY02:  &!6  FY01: 0(baseline)  '"8 # D7 #D Page $9 # D #D 113d# D #D   E%J : ! ! 9GHIJKLM(zxx9GHIJKLMd"93"  93 2z33   & !; 0 @v!   d933 ` ݌ &!<  Ќ     `     h      p        `     h      p    -(C Ї A_@ d@4AdPerformanceGoal:0 Increasethecapacityofstateandlocalhealthdepartmentstodeliver  environmentalhealthservicesintheircommunities.  # # @Zv@1111!5 @*`eded dd v dd v dd dd `##, dd , dd ,[dd ,dd +  & & PerformanceMeasure / / Target / / ActualPerformance / / Ref / /Increasethenumberofstateand m r localhealthdepartmentsprovided - 2  withconsultationand/ortechnical    assistancetoaddress    environmentalhealthservice m r  issues. $- 2  $ FY03: 17sites  m r FY02: 17sites 5 :  FY01: 5sites     FY03: m r FY02:  5 :  FY01: Exceeded/14    FY00: 0(baseline)    # D3 #D Page m r # D #D 113# DU #D f  - 2 "93"  9 2z33     0 @p!   93  ݌    Ќ  Verification/ValidationofPerformanceMeasures :Performancemeasureswillbeverifiedbyreviewsofthe   reportsrequiredbycooperativeagreementrecipients.CDCprojectofficerswillregularlyreviewrequirementsto   ensurecompliance.# D #