NOAA/NMFS/NWFSC TM-36: Fish Injury in the Hylebos Waterway

U.S. Dept Commerce/NOAA/NMFS/NWFSC/Publications

NOAA Tech Memo NMFS NWFSC-36: Fish Injury in the Hylebos Waterway (cont)

TABLE 2.5.
Chemical risk factors for liver lesions in English sole, combined studies. Logistic regression was used to calculate the p values for the odds ratios/estimated relative risks associated with risk factors represented by chemical compounds or classes of compounds measured in composite samples of liver, stomach contents and bile, and mean hepatic CYP1A activity. All analyses were performed while simultaneously adjusting for influence of mean fish age on probability of lesion occurrence. Parenthesized values shown under p values are odd ratios/estimated relative risks. Odds ratios for all chemicals in this table other than FACs and CYP1A represent the effect of each additional part per billion (wet weight) on the probability of lesion occurrence. Significantly positive relative risks and p values for hepatic lesions are shown in bold type; significantly negative relative risks and p values are shown in italicized bold type. n = number of chemical analyses. FCA = foci cellular alteration. Prolif = non-neoplastic proliferative lesions. SDN = specific degenerative/necrotic lesions. Any Tox Lesion = any toxicopathic hepatic lesion.


			HEPATIC LESIONS
Chemical	Specific	Tissues	n	Neoplasms	FCA	Prolif	SDN	Any Tox Lesion
Groups	Chemicals	Analyzed

Aromatic Hydrocarbons
	FACs_BaP^a	Bile	12	0.375	0.100	0.128	<0.001	<0.001
							(1.002)^b	(1.001)

	FACs_NPH	Bile	12	0.457	0.811	0.264	<0.001	0.067
							(1.000+)

	FACs_PHN	Bile	12	0.845	0.020	0.006	<0.001	<0.001
					(1.000+)	(1.000+)	(1.000+)	(1.000+)

	LACs	Stomach	8	0.773	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
		Contents			(1.005)	(1.003)	(1.004)	(1.004)

	HACs	Stomach	8	0.794	0.026	0.014	<0.001	<0.001
					(1.000+)	(1.000+)	(1.000+)	(1.000+)

Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
	HCBD	Liver	4	0.158	0.573	0.083	*0.003*	*0.017*
							*(0.671)*	*(0.862)*

	HCBD	Stomach	8	0.137	0.166	0.997	0.191	0.775
		Contents

	HCB	Liver	4	0.158	0.609	0.074	0.002	0.013
							*(0.904)*	*(0.960)*

	HCB	Stomach	8	0.095	0.206	0.855	0.541	0.633
		Contents


			HEPATIC LESIONS
Chemical	Specific	Tissues	n	Neoplasms	FCA	Prolif	SDN	Any Tox Lesion
Groups	Chemicals	Analyzed

Chlorinated Hydrocarbons (cont.)
	PCBs	Liver	4	0.506	0.691	0.127	<0.001	0.055
							(1.001)

	PCBs	Stomach	8	0.868	<0.001	0.005	<0.001	<0.001
		Contents			(1.003)	(1.002)	(1.003)	(1.003)

	PCB 105	Liver	4	0.373	0.778	0.065	<0.001	0.061
							(1.037)

	PCB 105	Stomach	8	0.960	<0.001	0.005	<0.001	<0.001
		Contents			(1.117)	(1.082)	(1.091)	(1.118)

	PCB 118	Liver	4	0.497	0.476	0.058	<0.001	0.007
						(1.006)	(1.008)	(1.004)

	PCB 118	Stomach	8	0.876	<0.001	0.005	<0.001	<0.001
		Contents			(1.035)	(1.027)	(1.034)	(1.036)

	DDTs	Liver	4	0.408	0.871	0.099	0.002	0.157
							(1.019)

	DDTs	Stomach	8	0.794	<0.001	0.008	0.010	<0.001
		Contents			(1.026)	(1.017)	(1.016)	(1.025)

Pesticides, Herbicides
	Chlordanes	Liver	4	0.696	0.549	0.016	0.001	0.001
						(1.421)	(1.789)	(1.343)

	Chlordanes	Stomach	8	0.136	0.468	0.753	0.720	0.653
		Contents

	Aldrin	Liver	4	0.109	0.664	0.090	0.003	0.020
							(0.066)	(0.385)

	Aldrin	Stomach	8	0.879	0.385	0.097	<0.001	<0.001
		Contents					(6.044)	(2.900)

	Dieldrin	Liver	4	0.267	0.926	0.078	0.005	0.097
							(46.880)

	Dieldrin	Stomach	8	0.423	0.019	0.024	<0.001	<0.001
		Contents			(3.011)	(2.718)	(4.985)	(3.122)


			HEPATIC LESIONS
Chemical	Specific	Tissues	n	Neoplasms	FCA	Prolif	SDN	Any Tox Lesion
Groups	Chemicals	Analyzed

Pesticides, Herbicides (cont.)

	Heptachlor	Liver	4	0.347	0.447	0.042	<0.001	0.003
						(1.419)	(1.700)	(1.366)

	Heptachlor	Stomach	8	0.326	0.007	0.273	0.227	0.026
		Contents			(.2830 E+12)			(.3874 E+7)

	Lindane	Liver	4	0.093	0.794	0.094	*0.003*	*0.022*
							*(0.002)*	*(0.130)*

	Lindane	Stomach	8	0.108	0.007	0.464	0.518	0.002
		Contents			(2.752)			(2.065)

Hepatic AHH^c
(CYP1A)		Liver	4	0.871	0.701	0.149	0.028	0.324
								(1.006)

^aFACsBaP = fluorescent aromatic compounds measured at benzo[a]pyrene wavelengths; FACsNPH = fluorescent aromatic compounds measured at naphthalene wavelengths; FACsPHN = fluorescent aromatic compounds measured at phenanthrene wavelengths; LACs = low molecular weight aromatic compounds; HACs = high molecular weight aromatic compounds; HCBD = hexachlorobutadiene; HCB = hexachlorobenzene; PCBs = summed polychlorinated biphenyls (see Appendix B); PCB 105 = polychlorinated biphenyl congener 105; PCB 118 = polychlorinated biphenyl congener 118; DDTs = summed DDTs and its breakdown products (see Appendix B).

^bOdds ratios for FACs represent the effect of each additional unit of value (ng [BaP, NPH, PHN]eq/mg bile protein) on probability of lesion occurrence. The RRe for FACsNPH and FACsPHN are very small (< 1.0005), but the cumulative effect of increasing levels on the odds of lesion occurrence is still significant (p < 0.05) by logistic regression analysis.

^cAHH = hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, as an estimate of CYPIA (cytochrome P450IA) enzyme levels.

Use your browser's BACK button to return to text.

Table of Contents