Research
Highlights...
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Number 269 |
September 8, 2008 |
NREL solar cell sets efficiency record
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NREL scientist John Geisz and his record solar cell. |
Scientists at DOE's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) have set another world record in solar cell efficiency with a photovoltaic device that converts 40.8 percent of the light that hits it into electricity. The new solar cell differs significantly from the previous record holder – also based on a NREL design. Instead of using a germanium wafer as the bottom junction of the device, the new design uses compositions of gallium indium phosphide and gallium indium arsenide to split the solar spectrum into three equal parts. Those are absorbed by each of the cell's three junctions for higher potential efficiencies. The new cell, which is extremely thin and light, is a natural candidate for use on space satellites and in solar concentrators on Earth.
[George Douglas, 303/275-4096,
george_douglas@nrel.gov] |
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle demos amassing data
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Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) |
As plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) ride the cusp of commercialization, field tests are revving up. Public and private vehicle fleets using plug-in hybrids are sending day-to-day driving data to DOE's Idaho National Laboratory for analysis. PHEVs use larger batteries than conventional hybrids and recharge from a standard electrical socket. By the end of 2008, more than 140 PHEVs from across the nation will be transmitting data to INL about gasoline and electricity use, average and top speeds, miles driven per charge, and charge duration. INL's analysis will help gauge PHEV potential for reducing petroleum use and gaining wide acceptance.
[Nicole Stricker, 208/526-5955,
nicole.stricker@inl.gov] |
PPPL team takes flight on "Weightless Wonder"
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Team DPX members Rachel Sherman (left) and Mike Hvasta aboard NASA's DC-9. |
Four students from The College of New Jersey who are collaborating with the DOE's Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory took their Dusty Plasma Experiment (DPX) on a special zero gravity flight in June. Team DPX went to NASA's Microgravity University in Houston to carry out, "Using Fluorescent Dust to Obtain a Three-Dimensional Analysis of a Dusty Plasma," aboard a DC-9 plane affectionately known as the "Weightless Wonder." Plasma is the fourth state of matter; dusty plasmas are prevalent throughout the universe, including in comet tails and the rings of Saturn. The experiment studied the science of dusty plasmas in microgravity - how dust and plasma interact, and the effects of gravity on dust particles. The DOE Office of Science-Fusion Energy Sciences provided some funding and PPPL donated equipment.
[Patti Wieser, (609) 243-2757,
pwieser@pppl.gov] |
Garbage in, fuel out?
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A novel bioreactor may shed light on how to convince microbes to convert municipal garbage into biodiesel and other fuels. |
To get bacteria to turn biomass into biofuels or other chemicals, researchers need to understand what the bugs eat and what byproducts they produce. But processing samples to measure the chemical compounds produced during these activities introduces delays during which these so-called metabolites can change. Scientists at DOE's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory developed a system that uses a bioreactor sitting in a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instrument. Bacteria grow and metabolize under controlled conditions, and researchers can take NMR snapshots of the whole caboodle without having to manipulate the sample. Initial use of the system revealed significant amounts of a previously unreported metabolite. The work took place at DOE’s EMSL user facility at PNNL and appeared on the cover of the May 2008 Journal of Magnetic Resonance.
[Judy Graybeal, 509/375-4351,
graybeal@pnl.gov]
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LLNL’s Steve Suppe takes
his work to Israel
Schools and libraries in Israel are about to get a much needed boost in basic computer support thanks to the volunteer efforts of a Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory scientist.
Computer scientist Steve Suppe has traveled to Haifa, Israel, where he will study advanced techniques in information retrieval. Suppe, of LLNL’s Computation Directorate, was awarded a Fulbright Student Grant to study at the University of Haifa.
The Fulbright Program is sponsored by the U.S. State Department and allows students, scholars and career professionals access to graduate study, advanced research and teaching opportunities at institutions around the world.
Suppe was selected out of thousands of candidates for the prestigious grant and will work in conjunction with IBM Research Labs, also in Haifa. His Fulbright proposal emphasized both research and community service.
On the research front, he will study advanced techniques in information retrieval and data mining of unstructured text. He will focus on the representation, storage, organization and retrieval of unstructured data, with an emphasis on textual documents.
In his spare time, Suppe plans to volunteer for a variety of activities, from helping with basic computer support for schools and libraries to working in a broader role to help make the community a better place.
“I am hoping to venture outside of my comfort zone and make some real friends in the area," Suppe said. "The computer science part is so exciting, but learning about Israel and the people there — a place with such a deep knowledge of its history — is what excites me more than anything."
At LLNL, Suppe is a member of the Global Security Principal Directorate's Counterproliferation and OpIntel Support Program. He is a senior software developer for Trinidad—a distributed system for performing entity extraction, document classification, annotation-aware indexing, and general text analysis on large collections of documents.
He was the architect of the distributed system, designing the basic topology and data flow using the IBM/Apache Unstructured Information Management Architecture (UIMA). His experience using UIMA is what drew him to Haifa, and it was the focal point of his Fulbright proposal.
When he returns to the Livermore Lab in August 2009, he hopes to bring back a working knowledge of advanced information retrieval techniques.
"I hope to be that bridge between the all-important academic research and the indispensable application of that knowledge to create end-to-end working systems," Suppe said.
Submitted by DOE's Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory
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