The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Mercury

RTECS #: OV4550000

CAS #: 7439-97-6

UPDATE: August 2008 MW: 200.59 MF: Hg


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. MUTATION DATA:
  3. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  4. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  5. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  6. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  7. REVIEWS:
  8. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  9. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  10. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  11. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. Colloidal mercury
  2. Hydrargyrum
  3. KWIK (Dutch)
  4. Liquid silver
  5. Mercure (French)
  6. Mercurio (Italian)
  7. Mercury (ACGIH:OSHA)
  1. Mercury fume
  2. Metallic mercury
  3. NCI - C60399
  4. Quecksilber (German)
  5. Quick silver
  6. RCRA waste number U151
  7. RTEC (Polish)


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
cytogenetic analysis unreported route
man 		150 µg/m3 AEHLAU 34,461,1979
DNA damage inhalation
mouse 		2.71 µg/L/1 hour TOXID9 72(Supp 1),360,2003


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 146 µg/m3/2 hour (9 week male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Other effects on male 		WDZAEK 6,142,1992
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 mg/m3 (1-18 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral TOXID9 44,124,2005
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 mg/m3 (1-18 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects 		TOLED5 155,361,2005
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 4.9 mg/m3 (15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) TOXID9 60,357,2001
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 890 ng/m3/24 hour (16 week male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) GISAAA 45(3),72,1980
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 7,440 ng/m3/24 hour (16 week male) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) GISAAA 45(3),72,1980
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/m3/24 hour (1-20 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) TJADAB 35,59A,1987
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 300 µg/m3/4 hour (7-21 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system BRREAP 778,222,1997
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 300 µg/m3 (6-19 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects 		TOXID9 1,114,2001
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 0.2 gm/m3 (1 day male) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) TPKVAL 9,71,1967
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 0.17 gm/m3 (1 day male) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects 		TPKVAL 9,71,1967


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg/14 day- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		ZEKBAI 61,511,1957


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
dog 		lowest published lethal concentration: 15 mg/m3/8 hour N/R VCVN1* -,175,1988
inhalation
man 		lowest published toxic concentration: 44,300 µg/m3/8 hour Behavioral: Muscle weakness

Liver: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature increase 		JJOMDZ 20,532,1978
inhalation
man 		lowest published toxic concentration: 5 mg/m3/3 hour Behavioral: Tremor

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature increase 		VCVN1* -,176,1988
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 2.71 mg/m3/1 hour Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema

Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation 		TOXID9 72(Suppl 1),360,2003
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 5.5 mg/m3/3 hour Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes TXAPA9 197,307,2004
inhalation
rat 		lowest published lethal concentration: 30 mg/m3 N/R HBPTO* 2,1369,2001
inhalation
rabbit 		lowest published lethal concentration: 29 mg/m3/30 hour N/R AMIHBC 7,19,1953
inhalation
rabbit 		lowest published lethal concentration: 30 mg/m3 N/R HBPTO* 2,1369,2001
inhalation
woman 		lowest published toxic concentration: 150 µg/m3/46 day Behavioral: Wakefulness

Behavioral: Anorexia (human)

Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea 		AEHLAU 33,186,1978
inhalation
woman 		lowest published toxic concentration: 54,180 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests CTOXAO 44,333,2006
intravenous
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 571 µL/kg Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Paresthesia

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea

Skin and Appendages: Other: Sweating 		SMJOAV 90,1033,1997
intravenous
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.23 mL/kg Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature increase 		CTOXAO 44,395,2006
multiple
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 86 µL/kg Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Pulmonary emboli

Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other 		JTCTDW 38,254,2000
multiple
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 85,700 µL/kg Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed 		JTCTDW 39,733,2001
multiple
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.86 mL/kg Cardiac: Change in rate

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Pulmonary emboli

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes 		CTOXAO 39,733,2001
oral
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 43 mg/kg Behavioral: Tremor

Liver: Jaundice, other or unclassified

Liver: Other changes 		JTCTDW 31,487,1993
subcutaneous
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 254 mg/kg Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other CTOXAO 2,243,1969
subcutaneous
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 714 µL/kg Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other JTCTDW 38,441,2000
subcutaneous
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 120 mg/kg Musculoskeletal: Other changes

Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other 		HETOEA 22,345,2003
skin
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 129 mg/kg/5 hour- continuous Ear: Tinnitus

Behavioral: Headache

Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, allergic 		DERAAC 172,48,1986


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
dog 		lowest published toxic concentration: 12.5 mg/m3/8 hour/6 day- intermittent Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field VCVN1* -,175,1988
inhalation
dog 		lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 mg/m3/60 day- intermittent Behavioral: Muscle weakness VCVN1* -,176,1988
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic concentration: 10 mg/m3/2 hour/3 day- intermittent Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field VCVN1* -,175,1988
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic concentration: 3.5 mg/m3/4 day- continuous Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field VCVN1* -,175,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 0.2 mg/m3/26 week- intermittent Behavioral: Ataxia

Behavioral: Irritability

Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP 		VCVN1* -,177,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 0.35 mg/m3/3 year- intermittent Behavioral: Ataxia

Behavioral: Irritability

Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP 		VCVN1* -,178,1988
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 4.1 mg/m3/11 week- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins 		ARTODN 78,489,2004
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 0.55 mg/m3/29 week- continuous Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning 		TOLED5 161,210,2006
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 4 mg/m3/2 hour/11 day- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes 		TOXID9 42,193,1998
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/m3/24 hour/5 week- continuous Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria TXCYAC 79,119,1993
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 8 µg/m3/6.5 hour/41 week- intermittent Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning GISAAA 27(1),7,1962
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 17 mg/m3/2 hour/30 day- continuous Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning

Behavioral: Alteration of operant conditioning 		TXAPA9 12,15,1968
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 17 mg/m3/30 day- intermittent Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests HBPTO* 2,1370,2001
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/m3/11 day- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes JJATDK 22,167,2002
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 2 mg/m3/12 day- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		JJATDK 22,167,2002
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 8.3 mg/m3/5 day- intermittent Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins ARTODN 77,12,2003
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/m3/2 hour/11 day- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Biochemical: Effect on specific coenzyme: Disturbed regulation 		JAPTO* 22,167,2002
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 2 mg/m3/2 hour/11 day- intermittent Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		JAPTO* 22,167,2002
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 4 mg/m3/10 day- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes TOXID9 60,356,2001
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 0.1 mg/m3/26 week- intermittent Biochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Catecholamine levels in CNS

Biochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Dopamine at other sites 		TOVEFN (4),27,1994
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 840 µg/kg/14 day- continuous Behavioral: Food intake (animal)

Behavioral: Fluid intake 		TOXID9 72,14,2003
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 105 mg/kg/14 day- continuous Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight

Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		TOXID9 72,14,2003
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 4,200 µg/kg/14 day- continuous Blood: Changes in spleen TOXID9 72,14,2003
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 21 mg/kg/14 day- continuous Endocrine: Other changes TOXID9 72,14,2003
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 3.6 mg/kg/18 day- continuous Immunological Including Allergic: Increased immune response

Immunological Including Allergic: Autoimmune (multiple organ involvement) 		EVHPAZ 110,877,2002
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 7 mg/kg/10 week- continuous Immunological Including Allergic: Increased immune response

Immunological Including Allergic: Autoimmune (multiple organ involvement) 		EVHPAZ 110,877,2002
skin
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 pph/48 hour- continuous Skin: After topical application: Dermatitis, allergic AJCDE* 13,3,2002


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 0.025 mg/m3 (skin) DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2007
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value Not classifiable as human carcinogen DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2007
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 58,239,1993
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 58,239,1993
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Group 3 IMEMDT 58,239,1993
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
AJOGAH 126,390,1976
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JTEHD6 2,491,1977
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TRBMAV 33,85,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
PHJOAV 213,159,1974
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JDSCAE 58,1767,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CPEDAM 13,783,1974
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JAADDB 49,1109,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
QURBAW 7,75,1974
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
AEMBAP 48,463,1974
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JAVMA4 164,277,1974
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CRTXB2 2,365,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
AEMBAP 40,239,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CTOXAO 5,151,1972
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
BIOGAL 41(7),208,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ADTEAS 5,51,1972
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
RREVAH 42,103,1972
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
FOREAE 7,313,1942
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
NISIA9 27,942,1974
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MIBUBI 9,321,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
STEVA8 2,341,1974
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ENVRAL 13,36,1977
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
85CVA2 5,63,1970
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JOCMA7 2,337,1960
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 140-141,161,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
PEXTAR 12,102,1969
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
PDTNBH 6,204,1977
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
49DXAV -,57,1983
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 134,3,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 134,17,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ARTODN 78,207,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
NETOX* 26,521,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
NETOX* 26,531,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
NETOX* 26,691,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
NRTXDN 27,429,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
NETEEC 28,39,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CLNUT* 25,369,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JJATDK 26,191,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ENTOX* -,36,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CRTXB2 36,609,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOPADD 32(Suppl. 2),71,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JTEHD6 7,1,2004


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) ceiling concentration 0.1 mg/m3 CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.1 mg(Hg)/m3 , vapor (skin) CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) ceiling concentration 0.1 mg/m3,vapor (skin) CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3 (skin) CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Exposure Limit - ARAB Republic of Egypt time-weighted average 0.05 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - DENMARK time-weighted average 0.025 mg/m3 (vapor), OCT 2002
Occupational Exposure Limit - DENMARK time-weighted average 0.05 mg/m3, OCT 2002
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND time-weighted average 0.05 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE VME 0.05 mg/m3, Skin (vapor), FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY MAK 0.1 mg/m3 (skin, sen), 2005
Occupational Exposure Limit - JAPAN Occupational Exposure Limit 0.025 mg/m3 (vapor), APR2007
Occupational Exposure Limit - KOREA time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, skin, 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit - MEXICO time-weighted average 0.05 mg/m3, 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE NETHERLANDS MAC-TGG 0.05 mg/m3, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit - NEW ZEALAND time-weighted average 0.025 mg/m3, skin, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY time-weighted average 0.05 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - POLAND MAC(time-weighted average) vapors 0.025 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) vapors 0.2 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - RUSSIA time-weighted average 0.005 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 0.01 mg/m3, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN time-weighted average 0.03 mg/m3, Skin, JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND MAK- week 0.005 ppm (0.05 mg/m3),KZG- week 0.04 ppm (0.4 mg/m3), DEC2006
Occupational Exposure Limit - TURKEY time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value;

Not classifiable as human carcinogen
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
Not classifiable as human carcinogen


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO MERCURY, ARYL AND INORGANIC-air ceiling concentration 0.1 mg/m3 (Sk) NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO MERCURY, vapor (as Hg)-air 10 hour time-weighted average 0.05 mg/m3 (Sk) NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 44870;
Number of Industries 32;
Total Number of Facilities 2,072;
Number of Occupations 36;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 15,002
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 44870;
Number of Industries 42;
Total Number of Facilities 2,937;
Number of Occupations 67;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 71,932;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 23,826


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/99/142416)
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Used as a catalyst, to control instrument, in dental applications, and in pharmaceuticals
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
On EPA IRIS database
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Mercury, 6009
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1996: Mercury, 6009
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID145


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CODEN
REFERENCE
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Used as a catalyst, to control instrument, in dental applications, and in pharmaceuticals

NIOSH PROFILE (DENTISTRY), SRC, 2/80

NIOSH PROFILE (JEWELRY MANUFACTURING), SRC,

NIOSH PROFILE (PETROLEUM REFINING), FIRL, 4/78

NIOSH PROFILE (SMELTERS, SECONDARY NON-FERROUS), SRI, 2/77

FDA-over the counter drug

RTECS Compound Description:
   Agricultural Chemical
   Tumorigen
   Drug
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data

ALT CAS #: 8030-64-6
ALT CAS #: 51887-47-9
ALT CAS #: 92355-34-5
ALT CAS #: 92786-62-4
ALT CAS #: 123720-03-6
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