|
Intervention Description
Intervention Package Information
Evaluation Study and Results
References and Contact Information
Intervention Description
Target Population
High-risk African American youth living in low-income urban community sites
Goal of Intervention
Reduce adolescent truancy, substance abuse, and sexual risk behaviors
Brief Description
FOK+ImPACT is a skill-building intervention to reduce substance and sex risk behaviors of high-risk youth. The first component, FOK, is an 8-session HIV risk reduction intervention delivered to small groups of 5-12 youth. The intervention emphasizes decision-making, goal setting, communication, negotiation, and consensual relationships. Through the use of games, discussions, homework, and videos, youth receive information on abstinence and safe sex, drugs, alcohol, drug selling, AIDS and STDs, contraception, and human development. ImPACT, the second component, is a single-session intervention delivered to each youth and his/her parent or guardian. ImPACT begins with a 20-minute video emphasizing parental monitoring and communication. After the video, the parent and youth role-play a vignette where the parent is confronted with evidence of a child’s involvement in a sexual relationship. Finally, the youth and parent are taught and practice correct condom use.
|
Theoretic Basis
Protection Motivation Theory
Intervention Duration
The 9 intervention sessions (8 for FOK and 1 for ImPACT) last approximately 1.5 hours each, and are generally delivered one session per week. ImPACT is delivered to the parents at the beginning of the FOK delivery.
Intervention Setting
Thirty-five sites located throughout the community (urban housing developments, community centers, recreation centers) for FOK and ImPACT; in participants’ homes for ImPACT.
Deliverer
An interventionist and assistant group leader deliver FOK. ImPACT is delivered by an interventionist.
Delivery Methods
- Exercises/Games
- Group discussion
- Lectures
- Role-plays
- Risk-reduction supplies (condoms)
- Videos
Go to top
Intervention Package Information
The FOK intervention package is distributed through
ETR Associates, 4 Carbonero Way, Scotts Valley CA 95066-4200. The FOK+ImPACT
intervention is being packaged as Focus on
Youth with ImPACT, and training is currently being developed with funding from
CDC’s
Diffusion of Effective Behavioral
Interventions (DEBI) project. Contact DEBI Technical Monitor Winifred King, 404-639-0892, email:
WKing@cdc.gov, for details on intervention materials.
Go to top
Evaluation Study and Results
The original evaluation study was conducted in Baltimore, Maryland between 1999 and 2002. The sample included 817 African American youth.
Key Intervention Effects
- Reduced sexual intercourse
- Reduced unprotected sex
Study Sample
- 100% African American
- 58% Female, 42% Male
- Median age of 14 years (range: 13-16 years)
Recruitment Settings
Housing developments, community centers, and recreation centers
Eligibility Criteria
Youths were eligible if they were aged 12 to 16 years and living in or around 35 recruitment sites. Youth with a recognized psychiatric disorder or mental retardation were not eligible.
Assignment Method
Recruitment sites were randomly assigned to one of three groups: FOK+ImPACT and multiple booster sessions (n = 238), FOK+ImPACT (n = 258), and FOK only comparison (n = 321).
Comparison Group
Youth in the comparison group received the 8-session FOK intervention only, and parents and youth received information and participated in a discussion regarding employment readiness and education.
Relevant Outcomes Measured and Follow-up Time
-
Sexual risk behaviors during the previous 6 months (including sexual intercourse and unprotected sex at last sexual encounter) were measured at 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-ups
Participant Retention
- FOK+ImPACT:
74% retained at 6 months
67% retained at 12 months
60% retained
at 24 months
- FOK+ImPACT+Booster:
74% retained at
6 months
69% retained at 12 months
59%
retained at 24 months
- FOK only comparison:
75% retained at 6 months
76% retained at 12 months
62% retained at 24 months
Significant Findings
At the 6-month follow-up, youth receiving the FOK+ImPACT intervention who were sexually active at baseline reported significantly lower rates of sexual intercourse (p = .05) and unprotected sex (p = .005) than youth in the FOK
only comparison.
Considerations
- Compared to the FOK only comparison group, youth who received the FOK+ImPACT intervention were less likely to report other risk behaviors, including: cigarette smoking at 6 and 24 months, alcohol use at 6 and 12 months, marijuana use at the 12-month follow-up, and been pregnant or gotten a girl pregnant at 24 months.
- The FOK+ImPACT+Booster intervention, which included booster sessions at 7, 10, 13, and 16 months, did not meet the best evidence criteria. A significantly larger percent of youth participating in this intervention reported a pregnancy compared to youth participating in the FOK+ImPACT intervention at 24 months.
Go to top
References and Contact Information
- Wu, Y., Stanton, B. F., Galbraith, J., et al. (2003). Sustaining and broadening intervention impact: A longitudinal randomized trial of 3 adolescent risk reduction approaches.
Pediatrics, 111, e32-e38.
- Stanton, B., Cole, M., Galbraith, J., et al. (2004). Randomized trial of a parent intervention: Parents can make a difference in long-term adolescent risk behaviors, perceptions, and knowledge.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 158, 947-955.
Researcher: Dr. Bonita F. Stanton, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Suite 1k40, Wayne State University, 3901 Beaubien St., Detroit, MI 48201. e-mail:
bstanton@dmc.org or Dr. Jennifer Galbraith, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333. e-mail:
jgalbraith@cdc.gov
Go to top
|
=
Link to a PDF document
