Benign Teratoma
Seminoma
Nonseminoma
Recurrent or Refractory Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors

A link to a list of current clinical trials is included for each treatment section. For some types or stages of cancer, there may not be any trials listed. Check with your doctor for clinical trials that are not listed here but may be right for you.

Treatment of benign teratomas is surgery.

Check for U.S. clinical trials from NCI's PDQ Cancer Clinical Trials Registry that are now accepting patients with benign teratoma.

Treatment of seminoma extragonadal germ cell tumors may include the following:

• Radiation therapy for small tumors in one area, followed by watchful waiting if there is tumor remaining after treatment.
• Chemotherapy for larger tumors or tumors that have spread. If a tumor smaller than 3 centimeters remains after chemotherapy, watchful waiting follows. If a larger tumor remains after treatment, surgery or watchful waiting follow.

Check for U.S. clinical trials from NCI's PDQ Cancer Clinical Trials Registry that are now accepting patients with extragonadal seminoma.

Treatment of nonseminoma extragonadal germ cell tumors may include the following:

• Combination chemotherapy followed by surgery to remove any remaining tumor.
• A clinical trial of a new treatment.

Check for U.S. clinical trials from NCI's PDQ Cancer Clinical Trials Registry that are now accepting patients with malignant extragonadal non-seminomatous germ cell tumor.

Treatment of extragonadal germ cell tumors that are recurrent (come back after being treated) or refractory (do not get better during treatment) may include the following:

• Chemotherapy.
• A clinical trial of high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell transplant.
• A clinical trial of a new treatment.

Check for U.S. clinical trials from NCI's PDQ Cancer Clinical Trials Registry that are now accepting patients with recurrent extragonadal germ cell tumor.

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