Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes
of Whole Buildings X International Conference
|
Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes |
Buildings X Workshops – Overview and Abstracts
Air Barrier University – A Short Version
Tooling Around Clearwater Beach WORKSHOP CANCELLED Envelope Errors: Eleven Egregious Examples A practices presentation from the standpoint of a commercial building PCA inspector, PE. Description: Field examples of the best examples of fuzzy thinking in design, maintenance, and construction dealing with deterioration of buildings because of misconceptions about materials and methods of detailing building envelope protection from elements. Relevance: There are many new mistakes that have not yet been made, why repeat old ones. By presenting a tour of several years worth of building forensic investigations, the consequences of poor design and execution will be underlined for attendees. Learning Outcomes: Errors dealing with roof pitch, chases, interstices, penetrations, products, gravity, geometry, weather, supervision, materials alchemy, heat, mass and momentum transfer, pitch pockets, jacks, aerodynamics, diffusion vs. convection, and capillarity. Workshop will deal with examples of the worst case results in living color caused by errors in:
ORNL Thermal Mass Workshop III Since 2001, a group of building science specialists and researchers have been meeting during the Thermal Performance of Exterior Envelopes Conference to discuss current research results and new applications of the thermal mass in buildings. A modern "massive building" is one, which can utilize thermal excitations coming from the environment to improve overall energy efficiency. Significant energy-savings are possible by blending thermally massive building envelopes with natural elements such as sunlight, breezes, and appropriate landscaping. When properly combined, these elements produce a building with less reliance on purchased energy, less environmental impact, and improved thermal comfort. Today, building designs, utilizing either conventional thermal mass or phase change materials, are receiving wider acclaim due to both energy cost concerns and the increasing interest in the environmental impact of buildings. This year, the following sessions will be offered during the workshop (with nine internationally-recognized speakers from Europe and US: Session 1: Traditional Thermal Mass Applications Introduction - Short History of Application of Thermal Mass in Residential Buildings (Dr. Jan Kosny – ORNL) Session 2: New Generation of PCM-Enhanced Building Envelope Materials Micronal PCM for Building Applications ( Marco Schmidt – BASF, Germany) In-formal Session 3: SAMPLING OF PCM Please join us at 1.30 P.M. in the hotel lobby for continuation of discussion about THERMAL MASS. At this time we will serve PCMs: free margaritas and ice (PCM) and ice-cream (PCM) will be available for all conference participants. Participants will receive tickets for the sampling event in their conference materials. Please join us on Sunday, December 02, 2007 Window Flashing Rodeo Buildings X Window Flashing Rodeo Workshop
A window flashing workshop - the “Rodeo” teams will be drawn from the audience. Each team will be provided with a standardized wall mock-up with a rough opening and a standardized, nail-flange window. The teams will be required to develop a design for their window installation that conforms to as many of the requirements set forth in: The window manufacturer’s installation instructions:
The teams will then install their windows in accordance with their designs. Once installed, the assemblies will be tested in accordance with ASTM E 1105 Standard Test Method for Field Determination of Water Penetration of Installed Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors and Curtain Walls by Uniform or Cyclic Static Air Pressure Difference. No exterior cladding or perimeter sealants will be used, therefore the moisture loading on the window/wall interface is expected to be greater than in-service conditions. Each team will report to the group a summary of their design, installation process, and testing results. These results will reveal areas of conflict between the design requirements and some difficulties in implementing the designs. Teams will also learn about the benefits of design mock-ups and commissioning to identify design and construction problems. The anecdotal data provided by this workshop should be utilized by the publishers of the design and installation documents as well as the testing standard to influence future revisions. BEEMS Workshop for Buildings X Conference JELD-WEN Product Integrity Group has developed a new technological innovation entitled Building Envelope Environmental Monitoring Service (BEEMS) technology. The goal of the system is to pre-empt costly and timely destructive testing by implementing a wireless mesh network of sensors. These sensors will provide for the monitoring of relative humidity, temperature, UV, pressure, dew point, surface temperature, and moisture content in the structure. Schedule A Time: 1.5 Hrs A mock wall structure will be built and placed in a specified area. It will consist of 2 4x8 wall sections (complete with steal studs, drywall, insulation, vapor barrier, and siding) connected to display at a 90 degree angle. The wall will incorporate 4 sensors placed 18” from the floor (typical installation). 3 of the sensors will be pre installed leaving 1 for demonstration of installation. Other sensors can be displayed to the audience for direct interaction with the system. The wall will also be equipped with a liquid delivery system to simulate a water intrusion event. Presentation: Introduction to WUFI Plus: Hygrothermal Performance of a Whole Building The hygrothermal behaviour of a building component that is exposed to weather is an important aspect of the overall performance of a building. Today the hygric transport phenomena through a building envelope are well understood and a realistic assessment of all relevant effects can be carried out by one of the numerous models and computer programs that have been developed in different countries over the last years. The calculation of the hygrothermal performance of a part of the envelope is state-of-the-art, but until now the total behaviour of the actual whole building is not accounted for. Its importance is increasing as modern dwellings become more airtight and show elevated indoor humidity levels. In this workshop new holistic models, that takes into account the main hygrothermal effects like moisture sources and sinks inside a room, moisture input from the envelope due to capillary action, diffusion and vapour ab-/desorption as a response to the exterior and interior climate conditions, heat source and sinks inside the room, heat input from the envelope, the solar energy input through walls and windows and hygrothermal sources and sinks due to natural or mechanical ventilation will be presented. Besides the theoretical background, several practical applications will be shown. In this presentation, a full year measured indoor temperature and relative humidity data for an occupied condominium with an EIFS envelope is compared with numerical solutions by using WUFI-plus. Although temporal profiles on supplied energy for heating and air-conditioning were not recorded, different heating and air-conditioning energy supplies and heating and moisture loads released by occupants and appliances as well will be assumed with an aid of WUFI-plus database and simulation results will be compared. Field hygrothermal status recorded on experimental test boxes with EIFS and conventional interior insulation are also examined by the simulation results for which complete indoor and outdoor status are applied from the measured data. These comparisons will demonstrate that WUFI-plus can be considered as complementary to these field measured data and it can help to understand potential energy and moisture balances on the occupied buildings with some limitations to record complete hygrothermal performance. Building Sustainability: Hurricane Katrina in Louisiana/Mississippi and Hurricane Wilma in South Florida were both catastrophic events. In both cases, even in the worst-affected areas, some facilities fared better than others; i.e., some buildings were more hurricane-ready than others. The issues faced by building owners and managers in the aftermath of a catastrophic event range from structural concerns to mold remediation to insurance claims to re-occupancy monitoring. Facility managers need to prepare for several years of harsh hurricane seasons, and architects and engineers need to incorporate hurricane readiness considerations into their designs and retrofits. Consideration of hurricane readiness in the use of building materials and construction techniques will be discussed in this session. Learn about the importance of hurricane readiness in sustainable building design; explore how certain building materials respond to severe hurricane conditions. Based on first-hand experience in both New Orleans and South Florida, this session will examine the key components of a hurricane readiness program for buildings in the hurricane-prone southeastern United States. Hear first-hand about and see photos of the building problems faced by building owners and managers in Hurricane Katrina’s aftermath. A wide variety of building/facility evaluation and rehabilitation services may be needed as a result of a hurricane or other catastrophic event. If a building or facility is in trouble due to damage from a hurricane, for example, it will be necessary to determine whether it can be saved, what needs to be done to rehabilitate it, design the correction, and oversee the reconstruction. This presentation will provide a thought-provoking discussion of various aspects of the disaster recovery process. The significance of some aspects of the disaster recovery process may be surprisingly underestimated. General discussion areas will include the following:
US DOE Envelope and Windows R&D Roadmap Workshop This presentation will highlight the key research and development areas that the US Department of Energy is working on to achieve net zero energy buildings (ZEB). The development of the next generation of windows that are highly insulated and have dynamic solar control are a major component of the overall strategy to achieve the ZEB goal. Integrated roof systems including phase change material, below roof deck ventilation, and radiant barriers can offer dramatic savings. These advanced research topics along with projects and technologies that are closer to the market will be discussed. DOE will present its current research activities and priorities that have been documented in its multi-year plan. Participants will be able to provide key input to influence DOE’s decisions that may result in plans to conduct competitive solicitations for funding opportunities. Lastly, an update on the Buildings and Appliance Task Force within Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate which was initiated in FY05 and funded in FY07 will be provided. The partnership which includes Australia, China, India, Japan, South Korea, and the USA provides a structure to allow for government collaboration and encourages private sector investment in energy efficiency. The Need for Testing of the Building Envelope A complete working test chamber will be set up and operated, physically demonstrating air, water, and structural testing through Category 5 hurricanes. “If we are not testing, we’re guessing” A shift in the construction industry is demanding accountability and performance verification. This is the result of failures and costly repairs that have increased the final cost of ownership, construction and risk management throughout North America. Architects, consultants and contractors have been at the mercy of manufacturers data sheets, specifications and computer generated models to predict the performance of wall systems, waterproofing methods and lifespan of building envelopes with results ranging from acceptable to disastrous. A popular alternate approach is to build an on-site mock-up wall that fulfills the need to prove constructability, train craftsmen and determine construction sequence. The mock-up wall can also be used for limited air and water intrusion testing. If the wall is to offer more than confirmation of design, it can be constructed prior to materials being ordered and bids accepted, eliminating the drive to accept marginal results to meet schedule. Wall systems, components and materials can be sent to test labs offering such services that provide accurate results under careful conditions with pass-fail reporting. These labs can offer tremendous confidence in construction applications once all tests have indicated passing results for each component, material and assembly. A more comprehensive approach is to verify construction technique, materials performance and compatibility, along with schedule economy with a versatile test chamber that is capable of multi-function testing, either on site or in a controlled environment, offering a proactive insurance policy for the contractor and all others that have a vested interest in the performance of the building envelope. The demonstration will show the value of a test chamber that can be transported to facilities and job sites that offers air and water intrusion and other testing of the details, components, materials, and assemblies of a building envelope prior to construction when it is far more practical to make changes in design, schedule or products. 11 Zero Energy Homes – An investigation of Performance A Net Zero Energy House (ZEH) is one that, over the course of a year, generates as much energy as it consumes through the use of Solar Photovoltaics (PV) or other renewable energy sources located on site. This is desirable because it reduces the use of fossil-fuel produced energy, reducing the negative effects on the environment. The goal of the presentation is to describe the factors which affect the design and operation of the lowest cost zero energy house. To achieve this, a program capable of optimizing the design to the lowest cost configuration of a Net ZEH was developed. This presentation summarizes the work completed to develop a program capable of calculating the energy consumption of a house with user-input dimensions, orientation, insulation level, equipment type and other characteristics which describe the home, and optimizing the applied Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs). The program then calculates the optimal configuration and path of ECMs which will lead to a lowest-cost ZEH. The results of the study, showing the effect of different parameters on the lowest-cost ZEH, are presented. The study has shown that house orientation, the price of energy, the location of the home, and the installed cost of solar PV can have large effects on the cost effectiveness of the ZEH. At the present time, Zero Energy Houses are not cost-effective. However, given current conditions, it has been shown that decreases in house energy consumption of 63% (Minneapolis) to 98% (El Paso) from the current energy code are possible without increasing the total annual homeowner payment. This is achieved by utilizing ECMs such as optimized window efficiency and location, house orientation, a high efficiency HVAC system with ducts in the conditioned space, solar hot water heating, high levels of insulation, compact fluorescent lighting, and tight construction with heat recovery ventilation. It has also been shown that doubling conventional energy costs or halving PV cost makes a ZEH cost effective in many areas of the country. 12 Liar, Liar Pants on Fire: An In-depth Investigation of Thermal Performance of Buildings; Homes often look great on paper but their “true life” operational performance often does not perform anywhere close to their design spec. This class examines the common thermal defects lead to poor performing homes and call backs. The presenter uses slides from hundreds of field investigations that to show causes and practical solutions to these construction defects. The focus of this talk is on designing and building homes that are energy efficient, durable and comfortable to live in. Homes that are Energy Star rated must now pass the Energy Star Thermal BY-Pass Check list. This class interprets and presents cost effective methods for reducing conductive and convective by- passes to comply with the Energy Star Homes Thermal By-Passes Check List. Formosan Termite Research Facility (FTRF) Abstract: Since its introduction into the United States, Coptotermes formosanus, more commonly known as the Formosan subterranean termite has been identified in approximately a dozen states!This pest has had significant economic impact in Hawaii and Louisiana and is becoming a growing concern in Mississippi. To date, 25 Mississippi counties have been found to be the home of active FST infestations! A field and laboratory test site to evaluate the resistance of building materials to the Formosan subterranean termite (FST), the effectiveness of construction techniques in preventing infestation by the FST, and the efficacies of biocides to the FST have been established as part of MSU’s housing research program in cooperation with the USFS Advanced Housing Research Center. MSU is a partner in the Coalition for Advanced Wood Structures. The test site is located on the Mississippi State University Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station at McNeill, MS ( Pearl River County). This site was chosen because it is in region known to be colonized by the FST. Multiple active colonies have been located on the experiment station and alates were captured within the test site in the spring/summer of 2004 and 2005. Tests conducted at this facility will include but, not be limited to, field stakes, framing, siding, and panel product testing in small-scale houses, and near-ground exposure, all of which will be conducted over established FST colonies. Seven colony sites have been established and are being monitored in the field test area. Field testing will begin when it is felt the colonies are well enough established to support meaningful research and provide valid data. A laboratory for small-scale testing has been in operation at this facility since December 2004. Since its completion, multiple contractual laboratory tests have been completed evaluating the efficacy of various wood preservatives when exposed to FST, and currently there is a backlog of studies to be completed as laboratory space is available, thus demonstrating the need for such a facility. Graduate student research conducted in this laboratory facility has been the basis for attaining of U.S. Patent #6,837,001 "Positive Directed Movement of Termites by Radio Waves as a Basis for Control Procedures", as well as the filing of one other invention disclosure. 14 Three Decades of Passive Solar Heating and Cooling Lessons Learned Session 1 – Envelope Design Basics – Minimizing Undesirable Heat Transfer Each participant will receive a valuable CD-ROM containing all presentation slides and photographs, 400+ supplemental Future Energy slides, short 3D movies of current Zero Energy Building Projects, and a .pdf file of the 800+ page book: Zero Energy Design – Abundant Energy In Harmony With Nature, which answers many important questions that you may not have thought to ask yet. The ZED CD-ROM is a comprehensive collection of Three Decades Of Lessons Learned, which includes innovative material and experience not available from any other source. Workshop participants are invited to have a free one-hour telephone conference with Larry after attending the workshop. He will be available to socialize, discuss expanding international Zero Energy possibilities, and his aggressive Vision for the near future during the rest of the conference.
| Home | Accommodations | Call for Papers | Committee | Important Dates | Proceedings Order Form | | Sponsors | Sponsorships | Workshops | Registration | Program |
ORNL
Disclaimer This page was last updated on October 11, 2007, by Teresa Williams. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
