Naegleria Infection
(nigh-GLEER-e-uh)

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports (MMWR)

References

Reviews

1. Visvesvara GS, Moura H, Schuster FL. Pathogenic and opportunistic free-living amoebae: Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia mandrillaris, Naegleria fowleri, and Sappinia diploidea FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2007 June;50:1-26.
2. Marciano-Cabral, F, Cabral,GA. The immune response to Naegleria fowleri amebae and pathogenesis of infection. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2007;51:243�.
3. Barnett ND, Kaplan AM, Hopkin RJ, Saubolle MA, Rudinsky MF. Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis with Naegleria fowleri: clinical review. Pediatr Neurol. 1996;15:230�
4. Visvesvara GS, Stehr-Green JK. Epidemiology of free-living ameba infections. J Protozool. 1990;37:25S-33S.

Environmental Testing

1. Ettinger MR, Webb SR, Harris SA, McIninch, SP, Garman GC, Brown BL, Distribution of free-living amoebae in James River, Virginia, USA. Parasitol Res. 2003;89:6�.
2. John DT, Howard MJ. Seasonal distribution of pathogenic free-living amebae in Oklahoma waters. Parasitol Res. 1995;81:193�1.
3. Wellings FM, Amuso PT, Chang SL, Lewis AL. Isolation and identification of pathogenic Naegleria from Florida lakes. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1977;34:661�

Treatment

1. Vargas-Zepeda J, et al. Successful treatment of Naegleria PAM using IV amphotericin B, fluconazole, and rifampin. Arch Med Research. 2005;36:83-86.
2. Schuster FL, Visvesvara GS. Free-living opportunistic and non-opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals. Int J Parasitiol. 2004;34:1001-1027.
3. Treatment Review: Schuster FL, Visvesvara GS. Opportunistic amebae: challenges in prophylaxis and treatment. Drug Resist Updat. 2004;7:41-51.
4. Jain R, et al. Naegleria meningitis: A rare survival. Neurol India. 2002;50:470-472.
5. Seidel JS, Harmatz P, Visvesvara GS, Cohen A, Edwards J, Turner J. Successful treatment of PAM. N Engl J Med. 1982;306:346-348.

Transplantation

1. Kramer MH, Lerner CJ, Visvesvara GS. Kidney and liver transplant from a donor infected with Naegleria fowleri. J Clin Micro. 1997;35:1032-1033.

Naegleria Infection

Naegleria Infection