 |
||||||||||
|
||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||
|
||||||||||
|
 |
Division of Laboratory Sciences |
|
National Biomonitoring Program |
|
National Center for Environmental Health |
|
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey |
|
Executive Summary Full Color PDF 3.7MB |
|
Full Report Full Color PDF 3MB |
|
Biomonitoring: Making a Difference Flash Presentation |
Environmental Phenols
Reference
Calafat AM, Ye X, Wong LY, Reidy JA, Needham LL. Exposure of the U.S. Population to Bisphenol A and 4-tertiary-Octylphenol: 2003-2004. Environ Health Perspect 2008 Jan;116(1):39-44.
Abstract
Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) and 4-tertiary-octylphenol (tOP) are industrial chemicals used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins (BPA) and nonionic surfactants (tOP). These products are in widespread use in the United States.
Objectives: To assess exposure to BPA and tOP in the U.S. general population.
Methods: We measured the total (free plus conjugated) urinary concentrations of BPA and tOP in 2517 participants ≥ 6 years old in the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey using automated solid-phase extraction coupled to isotope dilution-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Results: BPA and tOP were detected in 92.6% and 57.4% of the persons, respectively. Least square geometric mean (LSGM) concentrations of BPA were significantly lower in Mexican Americans than in non-Hispanic blacks (P = 0.006) and non-Hispanic whites (P = 0.007); LSGM concentrations for non-Hispanic blacks and non-Hispanic whites were not statistically different (P = 0.21). Females had statistically higher BPA LSGM concentrations than males (P = 0.043). Children had higher concentrations than adolescents (P < 0.001), who in turn had higher concentrations than adults (P = 0.003). LSGM concentrations were lowest for participants in the high household income category (> $45,000/year).
Conclusions: Urine concentrations of total BPA differed by race/ethnicity, age, sex, and household income. These first U.S. population representative concentration data for urinary BPA and tOP should help guide public health research priorities, including studies of exposure pathways, potential health effects, and risk assessment.
Full Text
The full text of this publication is available from:
Environmental Health Perspectives (EHP)
For More Information...
Fact Sheets
|
||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
|
