Question:
What is Title IX?
Response:
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 prohibits discrimination based on sex in education programs and activities that receive federal financial assistance.
The U.S. Department of Education gives grants of financial assistance to schools and colleges. The Title IX regulation describes the conduct that violates Title IX. Examples of the types of discrimination that are covered under Title IX include sexual harassment, the failure to provide equal opportunity in athletics, and discrimination based on pregnancy.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights. Sex Discrimination: Overview of the Law.
Examples of progress towards gender equity since the early 1970s are listed below:
Postsecondary Degrees
- Women earn a greater number and proportion of bachelor抯, master抯, and doctoral degrees than they did about 25 years ago. Between 1979-80 and 2004-05, the percentage of bachelor's degrees earned by women increased from 49 to 57 percent.
- Between 1979-80 and 2004-05, the percentage of master's degrees earned by women increased from 49 to 59 percent. Women earned just under half of the doctoral degrees awarded in 2004-05 (49 percent), an increase from the 30 percent of doctoral degrees awarded to women in 1979-80.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. (2007). The Condition of Education 2007 (NCES 2007-074), Indicator 28.
Participation in Athletics
- Compared to 2002-03, the proportion
of female student-athletes held steady or
increased by one percent in all divisions. Division I had the highest proportion of female student athletes. Division I-AAA for the first time reported
more than 50 percent of student-athletes as female. (It is important to remember that Division I-AAA schools do not have football teams.). In Division I-A, the proportion of female student-athletes remained steady at 44 percent while in Division I-AA the proportion of female student-athletes increased one percent to 43 percent.
- Comparing the 2003-04 data to the 1991-92 data
reveals notable increases in the proportion of female
student-athletes. In Division I, the proportion of
female student-athletes rose from 31 to 44 percent. In
Division I-A, the proportion increased from 29 to 44
percent. In Division I-AA, the change was from 30 to
42 percent in 2002-03, and in Division I-AAA the proportion
of female student-athletes increased from 36 to
51 percent. There has been a nine percent increase in
the proportion of female student-athletes in Division II
(32 to 41 percent) and a seven percent increase in
Division III (35 to 42 percent).
.
Related Tables and Figures: (Listed by Release Date)
- 2006, Digest of Education Statistics 2005, Table 168. Enrollment, staff, and degrees conferred in postsecondary institutions participating in Title IV programs, by level and control of institution, sex, and type of degree: Fall 2003 and 2003-04
- 2006, Digest of Education Statistics 2005, Table 246. Degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of degree and sex of student: Selected years, 1869-70 through 2013-14
- 2005, Degrees conferred on women by Title IV degree-granting private not-for-profit institutions, by level of degree and state: Academic year 2003�
- 2005, Degrees conferred on women by Title IV institutions, by level of degree and state: Academic year 2003�
- 2005, Degrees conferred on women by Title IV private for-profit institutions, by level of degree and state: Academic year 2003�
- 2005, Degrees conferred on women by Title IV public institutions, by level of degree and state: Academic year 2003�
Other Resources: (Listed by Release Date)
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