1917.46(a) -
1917.46(a)(1) Except as provided in
paragraph (a)(1)(viii) of this section, every crane after October 3, 1984
shall be fitted with a load indicating device or alternative device in proper
working condition which shall meet the following criteria:
1917.46(a)(1)(i) The type or model or any
load indicating or alternate device which is used shall provide:
1917.46(a)(1)(i)(A) A direct indication in
the cab of actual weight hoisted or a means of determining this by
referencing a weight indication to crane ratings posted and visible to the
operator, except that the use of a dynamometer or simple scale alone will
not meet this requirement; or
1917.46(a)(1)(i)(B) Indications in the cab according to the radius and load at the moment; or
1917.46(a)(1)(i)(C) A direct means to
prevent an overload from occurring.
..1917.46(a)(1)(ii)
1917.46(a)(1)(ii) The
accuracy of the load indicating device, weight-moment device, or overload
protection device shall be such that any indicated load (or limit), including the sum of actual weight hoisted and additional equipment or "add ons" such
as slings, sensors, blocks, etc., is within the range between 95 percent (5
percent underload) and 110 percent (10 percent overload) of the actual true
total load. Such accuracy shall be required over the range of daily operating
variables reasonably anticipated under the conditions of
use.
1917.46(a)(1)(iii) The device shall permit
the operator to determine, before making any lift, that the indicating
or substitute system is operative. In the alternative, if a device is so
mounted or attached to preclude such a determination, it may not be used
unless it has been certified by the manufacturer to remain operable within
the limits stated in paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section for a specific
period of use. Checks for accuracy, using known values of load, shall be
performed at the time of every certification survey (see 1917.50) and at
such additional times as may be recommended by the manufacturer.
1917.46(a)(1)(iv) When a load indicating
device or alternative system is so arranged in the supporting system
(crane structure) that its failure could cause the load to be dropped, its
strength shall not be the limiting factor of the supporting system (crane
structure).
..1917.46(a)(1)(v)
1917.46(a)(1)(v) Marking shall be
conspicuously placed giving: units of measure in pounds or both pounds and
kilograms, capacity of the indicating system, accuracy of the indicating
system, and operating instructions and precautions. In the case of systems
utilizing indications other than actual weights, the marking shall include
data on: the means of measurement, capacity of the system, accuracy of the
system, and operating instructions and precautions. If the system used
provides no readout, but is such as to automatically cease crane operation
when the rated load limit under any specific condition of use is reached,
marking shall be provided giving the make and model of the device installed,
a description of what it does, how it is operated, and any necessary
precautions regarding the system. All weight indications, other types of
loading indications, and other data required shall be readily visible to the
operator.
1917.46(a)(1)(vi) All load indicating
devices shall be operative over the full operating radius. Overall accuracy
shall be based on actual applied load and not on full scale (full capacity)
load.
EXPLANATORY NOTE: For example, if accuracy of the load indicating
device is based on full scale load and the device is arbitrarily set at
plus/minus 10 percent, it would accept a reading between 90,000 and 110,000
lbs., at full capacity of a machine with 100,000 lbs., maximum rating, but
would also allow a reading between zero and 20,000 lbs., at that outreach
(radius) at which the rating would be 10,000 lbs., capacity - an
Unacceptable figure. If, however, accuracy is based on actual applied load
under the same conditions, the acceptable range would remain the same with
the 100,000 - lb. load but becomes a figure between 9,000 and 11,000 lbs., a
much different and acceptable condition, at the 10,000 - lb.
load.
1917.46(a)(1)(vii) When the device uses
the radius as a factor in its use or in its operating indications, the
indicated radius (which may be in feet and/or meters, or degrees of boom
angle, depending on the system used) shall be a figure which is within the
range of a figure no greater than 110 percent of the actual radius to a
figure which is no less than 97 percent of the actual (true) radius. A
conversion chart shall be provided whenever it is necessary to convert
between degrees of radius and feet or meters.
1917.46(a)(1)(viii) The load indicating
device requirements of this subparagraph do not apply to a crane:
1917.46(a)(1)(viii)(A)
Of trolley equipped bridge type or overhead type while handling intermodal
containers known to be identified as empty, or loaded, and in either case in
compliance with the provisions of 1917.71, or while hoisting other lifts by
means of a lifting beam supplied by the crane manufacturer for the purpose,
and in all cases within the crane rating;
1917.46(a)(1)(viii)(B) While handling
bulk commodities or cargoes by means of clamshell bucket or magnet;
1917.46(a)(1)(viii)(C)
While used to handle or hold hoses in connection with transfer of bulk liquids or other hose handled products; or
..1917.46(a)(1)(viii)(D)
1917.46(a)(1)(viii)(D) While the crane is
used exclusively to handle cargo or equipment the total actual gross
weight of which is known by means of marking of the unit or units hoisted,
when such total actual gross weight never exceeds 11,200 lbs., and when
11,200 lbs., is less than the rated capacity of the crane at the maximum
outreach that is possible under the conditions of use at the time.
[62 FR 40141, July 25, 1997]
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