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Appendix C
U.S. and Russian Human Spaceflights, 1961-Sep. 30, 1995
(continued)
Spacecraft |
Launch Date |
Crew |
Flight Time (days:hrs:min) |
Highlights |
Soyuz 13 |
Dec. 18, 1973 |
Petr I. Klimuk Valentin V. Lebedev |
7:20:55 |
Astrophysical, biological, and Earth resources experiments. |
Soyuz 14 |
July 3, 1974 |
Pavel R. Popovich Yury P. Artyukhin |
15:17:30 |
Docked with Salyut 3 and Soyuz 14 crew occupied space station. |
Soyuz 15 |
Aug. 26, 1974 |
Gennady V. Sarafanov Lev. S. Demin |
2:0:12 |
Rendezvoused but did not dock with Salyut 3. |
Soyuz 16 |
Dec. 2, 1974 |
Anatoly V. Filipchenko Nikolay N. Rukavishnikov |
5:22:24 |
Test of Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) configuration. |
Soyuz 17 |
Jan. 10, 1975 |
Aleksay A. Gubarev Georgiy M. Grechko |
29:13:20 |
Docked with Salyut 4 and occupied station. |
Anomaly |
Apr. 5, 1975 |
Vasiliy G. Lazarev Oleg G. Makarov |
0:0:20 |
Soyuz stages failed to separate; crew recovered after abort. |
Soyuz 18 |
May 24, 1975 |
Petr I. Klimuk Vitaliy I. Sevastyanov |
62:23:20 |
Docked with Salyut 4 and occupied station. |
Soyuz 19 |
July 15, 1975 |
Aleksey A. Leonov Valery N. Kubasov |
5:22:31 |
Target for Apollo in docking and joint experiments of ASTP mission. |
Apollo |
July 15, 1975 |
Thomas P. Stafford Donald K. Slayton Vance D. Brand |
9:1:28 |
Docked with Soyuz 19 in joint (ASTP) experiments of ASTP mission. |
Soyuz 21 |
July 6, 1976 |
Boris V. Volynov Vitaliy M. Zholobov |
48:1:32 |
Docked with Salyut 5 and occupied station. |
Soyuz 22 |
Sep. 15, 1976 |
Valery F. Bykovskiy Vladimir V. Aksenov |
7:21:54 |
Earth resources study with multispectral camera system. |
Soyuz 23 |
Oct. 14, 1976 |
Vyacheslav D. Zudov Valery I. Rozhdestvenskiy |
2:0:6 |
Failed to dock with Salyut 5. |
Soyuz 24 |
Feb. 7, 1977 |
Viktor V. Gorbatko Yury N. Glazkov |
17:17:23 |
Docked with Salyut 5 and occupied station. |
Soyuz 25 |
Oct. 9, 1977 |
Vladimir V. Kovalenok Valery V. Ryumin |
2:0:46 |
Failed to achieve hard dock with Salyut 6 station. |
Soyuz 26 |
Dec. 10, 1977 |
Yury V. Romanenko Georgiy M. Grechko |
37:10:6 |
Docked with Salyut 6. Crew returned in Soyuz 27; crew duration 96 days, 10 hrs. |
Soyuz 27 |
Jan. 10, 1978 |
Vladimir A. Dzhanibekov Oleg G. Makarov |
64:22:53 |
Docked with Salyut 6. Crew returned in Soyuz 26; crew duration 5 days, 22 hrs., 59 min. |
Soyuz 28 |
Mar. 2, 1978 |
Aleksey A. Gubarev Vladimir Remek |
7:22:17 |
Docked with Salyut 6. Remek was first Czech cosmonaut to orbit. |
Soyuz 29 |
June 15, 1978 |
Vladimir V. Kovalenok Aleksandr S. Ivanchenkov |
9:15:23 |
Docked with Salyut 6. Crew returned in Soyuz 31; crew duration 139 days, 14 hrs., 48 min. |
Soyuz 30 |
June 27, 1978 |
Petr I. Klimuk Miroslaw Hermaszewski |
7:22:4 |
Docked with Salyut 6. Hermaszewski was first Polish cosmonaut to orbit. |
Soyuz 31 |
Aug. 26, 1978 |
Valery F. Bykovskiy Sigmund Jaehn |
67:20:14 |
Docked with Salyut 6. Crew returned in Soyuz 29; crew duration 7 days, 20 hrs., 49 min. Jaehn was first German Democratic Republic cosmonaut to orbit. |
Soyuz 32 |
Feb. 25, 1979 |
Vladimir A. Lyakhov Valery V. Ryumin Nikolay N. Rukavishnikov |
108:4:24 |
Docked with Salyut 6. Crew returned in Soyuz 34; crew duration 175 days, 36 min. |
Soyuz 33 |
Apr. 10, 1979 |
Georgi I. Ivanov |
1:23:1 |
Failed to achieve docking with Salyut 6 station. Ivanov was first Bulgarian cosmonaut to orbit. |
Soyuz 34 |
June 6, 1979 |
(unmanned at launch) |
7:18:17 |
Docked with Salyut 6, later served as ferry for Soyuz 32 crew while Soyuz 32 returned without a crew. |
Soyuz 35 |
Apr. 9, 1980 |
Leonid I. Popov Valery V. Ryumin |
55:1:29 |
Docked with Salyut 6. Crew returned in Soyuz 37. Crew duration 184 days, 20 hrs., 12 min. |
(continued)
Spacecraft |
Launch Date |
Crew |
Flight Time (days:hrs:min) |
Highlights |
Soyuz 36 |
May 26, 1980 |
Valery N. Kubasov Bertalan Farkas |
65:20:54 |
Docked with Salyut 6. Crew returned in Soyuz 35. Crew duration 7 days, 20 hrs., 46 min. Farkas was first Hungarian to orbit. |
Soyuz T-2 |
June 5, 1980 |
Yury V. Malyshev Vladimir V. Aksenov |
3:22:21 |
Docked with Salyut 6. First crewed flight of new- generation ferry. |
Soyuz 37 |
July 23, 1980 |
Viktor V. Gorbatko Pham Tuan |
79:15:17 |
Docked with Salyut 6. Crew returned in Soyuz 36. Crew duration 7 days, 20 hrs., 42 min. Pham was first Vietnamese to orbit. |
Soyuz 38 |
Sep. 18, 1980 |
Yury V. Romanenko Arnaldo Tamayo Mendez |
7:20:43 |
Docked with Salyut 6. Tamayo was first Cuban to orbit. |
Soyuz T-3 |
Nov. 27, 1980 |
Leonid D. Kizim Oleg G. Makarov Gennady M. Strekalov |
12:19:8 |
Docked with Salyut 6. First three-person flight in Soviet program since 1971. |
Soyuz T-4 |
Mar. 12, 1981 |
Vladimir V. Kovalenok Viktor P. Savinykh |
74:18:38 |
Docked with Salyut 6. |
Soyuz 39 |
Mar. 22, 1981 |
Vladimir A. Dzhanibekov Jugderdemidiyn Gurragcha |
7:20:43 |
Docked with Salyut 6. Gurragcha first Mongolian cosmonaut to orbit. |
Space Shuttle Columbia (STS-1) |
Apr .12, 1981 |
John W. Young Robert L. Crippen |
2:6:21 |
First flight of Space Shuttle; tested spacecraft in orbit. First landing of airplane-like craft from orbit for reuse. |
Soyuz 40 |
May 14, 1981 |
Leonid I. Popov Dumitru Prunariu |
7:20:41 |
Docked with Salyut 6. Prunariu first Romanian cosmonaut to orbit. |
Space Shuttle Columbia (STS-2) |
Nov. 12, 1981 |
Joe H. Engle Richard H. Truly |
2:6:13 |
Second flight of Space Shuttle; first scientific payload (OSTA 1). Tested remote manipulator arm. Returned for reuse. |
Space Shuttle Columbia (STS-3) |
Mar. 22, 1982 |
Jack R. Lousma C. Gordon Fullerton |
8:4:49 |
Third flight of Space Shuttle; second scientific payload (OSS 1). Second test of remote manipulator arm. Flight extended 1 day because of flooding at primary landing site; alternate landing site used. Returned for reuse. |
Soyuz T-5 |
May 13, 1982 |
Anatoly Berezovoy Valentin Lebedev |
211:9:5 |
Docked with Salyut 7. Crew duration of 211 days. Crew returned in Soyuz T-7. |
Soyuz T-6 |
June 24, 1982 |
Vladimir Dzhanibekov Aleksandr Ivanchenkov Jean-Loup Chrétien |
7:21:51 |
Docked with Salyut 7. Chrétien first French cosmonaut to orbit. |
Space Shuttle Columbia (STS-4) |
June 27, 1982 |
Thomas K. Mattingly II Henry W. Hartsfield, Jr. |
7:1:9 |
Fourth flight of Space Shuttle; first DoD payload; additional scientific payloads. Returned July 4. Completed testing program. Returned for reuse. |
Soyuz T-7 |
Aug. 19, 1982 |
Leonid Popov Aleksandr Serebrov Svetlana Savitskaya |
7:21:52 |
Docked with Salyut 7. Savitskaya second Soviet woman to orbit. Crew returned in Soyuz T-5. |
Space Shuttle Columbia (STS-5) |
Nov. 11, 1982 |
Vance D. Brand Robert F. Overmyer Joseph P. Allen William B. Lenoir |
5:2:14 |
Fifth flight of Space Shuttle; first operational flight; launched two commercial satellites (SBS 3 and Anik C-3); first flight with four crew members. EVA test canceled when spacesuits malfunctioned. |
Space Shuttle Challenger (STS-6) |
Apr. 4, 1983 |
Paul J. Weitz Karol J. Bobko Donald H. Peterson Story Musgrave |
5:0:24 |
Sixth flight of Space Shuttle; launched TDRS 1. |
Soyuz T-8 |
Apr. 20, 1983 |
Vladimir Titov Gennady Strekalov Aleksandr Serebrov |
2:0:18 |
Failed to achieve docking with Salyut 7 station. |
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