Click to see larger image

Attributed to John Townsend
(1733 - 1809)

c. 1780 - 1800

Newport, Rhode Island

Mahogany; soft maple, chestnut, eastern white pine

27 x 20 (closed) - 36 1/4 (open) x 33 1/4 in. (68.6 x 50.8 [closed] - 92.1 [open] x 84.5 cm)

Pembroke Table
In America, the terms "Pembroke" and "Breakfast" table were used interchangeably by the 1770s, a full ten years after the form became popular in England. Flexibility of use also prevailed, as these tables are noted in inventories in various types of rooms and were suitable not only for eating but also for working, gaming, and drinking.

This particular example is closely related to a group of tables attributed to John Townsend on the basis of similarities to two labelled examples. In addition to having "classic" Townsend construction features on the underside of the frame, it also has characteristic incised cross-hatching on the bottom edge of the skirt, typical brackets with central circular cutouts (mortised into the legs), stop-fluted legs with five flutes, and a drawer with its front cut from the same mahogany board as the skirt.

There are three quite atypical features: the elaborately pierced and shaped stretchers, the molded edge of the top, and the shaped corners of the drop-leaves. At first, one wishes to dismiss these features as later alterations, but the overall quality and verity of this table warrants more caution. While all three characteristics are more closely related to those found on Philadelphia Pembroke tables, a comparison of the stretcher with the fret on an attributed Townsend china table suggests the probable originality of the stretcher. Furthermore, recent x-rays of the junctures of the stretcher with the legs revealed no evidence of reworking or 20th century tool marks. Likewise, there are no visible clues to indicate whether the molded edges and shaped corners date from the original manufacture of the table or a later alteration. Although the shaped corners are rare, they are known in another instance on a slightly larger Newport dropleaf table with crossed stretchers and stop-fluted legs.

Finally, the question must be posed: was this table ordered in the 18th century by a Rhode Islander who had seen locally owned Philadelphia tables and exercised his right of client choice; or was the table inherited in the 19th century by a Philadelphian who wished it to be more like regional examples he knew well?

Author:
Wendy A. Cooper