Interest is an amount you pay for the use of borrowed money. To deduct interest you paid on a debt you must be legally liable for the debt. Additionally, you generally must itemize your deductions, unless the interest is on rental or business property or on a student loan.
If you prepay interest, you must allocate the interest over the tax years to which it applies. You may deduct in each year only the interest that applies to that year. However, there is an exception that applies to points paid on a principal residence.
The types of interest you can deduct as itemized deductions on Form 1040, Schedule A (PDF) are investment interest and home mortgage interest, including certain points. For information on points, refer to Topic 504 .
You can deduct student loan interest on Form 1040 (PDF) or Form 1040A (PDF). For information on deducting student loan interest, refer to Topic 456.
Home mortgage interest is interest you pay on a loan secured by your main home or a second home. The loan may be a mortgage to buy your home, a second mortgage, a home equity loan, or a line of credit.
Your main home is where you live most of the time. It can be a house, cooperative apartment, condominium, mobile home, house trailer, or houseboat that has sleeping, cooking and toilet facilities.
A second home can include any other residence you own, and treat as a second home. You do not have to use the home during the year. However, if you rent it to others, you must also use it as a home during the year for more than the greater of 14 days or 10 percent of the number of days you rent it, for the interest to qualify as home mortgage interest.
Home mortgage interest and points are generally reported to you on Form 1098 (PDF), Mortgage Interest Statement, by the financial institution to which you made the payments.
If all of your mortgages fit into one or more of the following three categories at all times during the year, you can deduct all of the interest on these mortgages:
- A mortgage you took out on or before October 13, 1987 (grandfathered debt.)
- Mortgages taken out after October 13, 1987, to buy, build, or improve your home, (called home acquisition debt) but only if this debt plus any grandfathered debt totals $1 million or less throughout 2007. The limit is $500,000 if you are married filing separately.
- Any mortgages taken out after October 13, 1987, other than to buy, build, or improve your home (called home equity debt), but only if these mortgages total $100,000 or less throughout 2007, and all mortgages, including any grandfathered debt and home acquisition debt, on the home, total no more than your homes fair market value. The limit is $50,000 if you are married filing separately.
If one or more of your mortgages does not fit into any of these categories, refer to Publication 936, Home Mortgage Interest Deduction, to figure the amount of interest you can deduct.
You may be able to take a credit against your federal income tax if you were issued a mortgage credit certificate by a state or local government for low income housing. Use Form 8396 (PDF), Mortgage Interest Credit, to figure the amount. For further information, please refer to Publication 530, Tax Information for First Time Homeowners.
You cannot deduct personal interest. Personal interest includes interest paid on a loan to purchase a car for personal use, credit card and installment interest incurred for personal expenses. Items you cannot deduct as interest include points (if you are a seller), service charges, credit investigation fees, and interest relating to tax–exempt income, such as interest to purchase or carry tax–exempt securities.
You may be subject to a limit (phaseout) on some of your itemized deductions including mortgage interest. For more information on the limitations based on the adjusted gross income please refer to the Form 1040 Instructions.