The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 154 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 1917 Jul 19. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 3179 Aug 25. The total duration of Saros series 154 is 1262.11 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 1917 Jul 19 02:42:42 TD
Last Eclipse = 3179 Aug 25 03:02:28 TD
Duration of Saros 154 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 154 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 154 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 15 | 21.1% |
| Annular | A | 17 | 23.9% |
| Total | T | 36 | 50.7% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 3 | 4.2% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 154 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 154 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 56 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 55 | 98.2% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 1 | 1.8% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 71 eclipses in Saros 154: 7P 17A 3H 36T 8P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 154 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Total Solar Eclipse: 2530 Jul 25 Duration = 04m50s
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse: 2404 May 09 Duration = 02m14s
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: 2061 Oct 13 Duration = 03m41s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: 2332 Mar 27 Duration = 00m30s
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 2386 Apr 29 Duration = 01m30s
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 2350 Apr 07 Duration = 00m06s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: 3053 Jun 08 Magnitude = 0.9922
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: 3179 Aug 25 Magnitude = 0.0173
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 154 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 154 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -34 1917 Jul 19 02:42:42 20 -1020 Pb -1.5101 0.0863 63.7S 101.8E 0 36
02 -33 1935 Jul 30 09:16:28 24 -797 P -1.4259 0.2315 62.9S 5.9W 0 45
03 -32 1953 Aug 09 15:55:03 31 -574 P -1.3440 0.3729 62.2S 114.7W 0 54
04 -31 1971 Aug 20 22:39:31 42 -351 P -1.2659 0.5080 61.7S 135.4E 0 63
05 -30 1989 Aug 31 05:31:47 57 -128 P -1.1928 0.6344 61.3S 23.6E 0 72
06 -29 2007 Sep 11 12:32:24 65 95 P -1.1255 0.7507 61.0S 90.2W 0 80
07 -28 2025 Sep 21 19:43:04 74 318 P -1.0651 0.8550 60.9S 153.5E 0 89
08 -27 2043 Oct 03 03:01:49 87 541 A- -1.0102 0.9497 61.0S 35.3E 0 98 - -
09 -26 2061 Oct 13 10:32:10 118 764 A -0.9639 0.9469 62.1S 54.4W 15 79 743 03m41s
10 -25 2079 Oct 24 18:11:21 157 987 A -0.9243 0.9484 63.4S 160.6W 22 72 495 03m39s
11 -24 2097 Nov 04 02:01:25 198 1210 A -0.8926 0.9494 65.8S 86.8E 26 68 411 03m36s
12 -23 2115 Nov 16 09:58:55 241 1433 A -0.8664 0.9503 68.7S 27.8W 30 63 365 03m32s
13 -22 2133 Nov 26 18:05:55 286 1656 A -0.8473 0.9513 72.0S 143.5W 32 57 337 03m27s
14 -21 2151 Dec 08 02:18:31 332 1879 A -0.8320 0.9526 75.1S 103.1E 33 47 314 03m22s
15 -20 2169 Dec 18 10:37:07 371 2102 A -0.8213 0.9544 77.3S 6.1W 34 31 295 03m15s
16 -19 2187 Dec 29 18:59:03 413 2325 A -0.8126 0.9565 77.7S 111.2W 35 10 274 03m07s
17 -18 2206 Jan 10 03:24:08 456 2548 A -0.8060 0.9592 75.9S 140.5E 36 351 252 02m57s
18 -17 2224 Jan 21 11:48:53 502 2771 A -0.7984 0.9626 72.4S 25.2E 37 339 227 02m46s
19 -16 2242 Jan 31 20:12:58 549 2994 A -0.7894 0.9665 67.9S 95.8W 38 333 197 02m31s
20 -15 2260 Feb 12 04:34:24 599 3217 A -0.7776 0.9711 62.7S 140.2E 39 331 165 02m15s
21 -14 2278 Feb 22 12:52:48 650 3440 A -0.7628 0.9762 57.1S 14.8E 40 331 131 01m54s
22 -13 2296 Mar 04 21:04:46 704 3663 A -0.7418 0.9819 51.1S 110.3W 42 333 95 01m31s
23 -12 2314 Mar 17 05:11:54 760 3886 A -0.7160 0.9880 44.9S 125.1E 44 335 60 01m03s
24 -11 2332 Mar 27 13:11:34 818 4109 A -0.6831 0.9944 38.3S 2.0E 47 338 26 00m30s
25 -10 2350 Apr 07 21:06:03 878 4332 H -0.6452 1.0011 31.7S 119.7W 50 340 5 00m06s
26 -09 2368 Apr 18 04:51:38 940 4555 H -0.5992 1.0079 24.8S 120.8E 53 344 34 00m47s
27 -08 2386 Apr 29 12:32:25 1004 4778 H2 -0.5483 1.0146 18.1S 2.9E 57 347 60 01m30s
28 -07 2404 May 09 20:05:45 1070 5001 T -0.4902 1.0212 11.4S 112.8W 61 350 83 02m14s
29 -06 2422 May 21 03:34:51 1138 5224 T -0.4278 1.0275 5.0S 133.1E 65 354 103 02m56s
30 -05 2440 May 31 10:58:15 1209 5447 T -0.3598 1.0334 1.0N 21.0E 69 358 121 03m33s
31 -04 2458 Jun 11 18:19:40 1281 5670 T -0.2891 1.0388 6.3N 90.0W 73 2 136 04m04s
32 -03 2476 Jun 22 01:38:29 1356 5893 T -0.2153 1.0435 11.1N 160.4E 78 6 149 04m25s
33 -02 2494 Jul 03 08:56:16 1432 6116 T -0.1397 1.0477 15.0N 51.7E 82 11 160 04m40s
34 -01 2512 Jul 14 16:14:11 1511 6339 T -0.0634 1.0510 18.1N 56.5W 86 15 170 04m47s
35 00 2530 Jul 25 23:33:49 1591 6562 T 0.0124 1.0538 20.2N 164.6W 89 196 178 04m50s
36 01 2548 Aug 05 06:56:36 1674 6785 Tm 0.0862 1.0556 21.4N 86.6E 85 202 184 04m49s
37 02 2566 Aug 16 14:22:25 1759 7008 T 0.1581 1.0569 21.8N 22.8W 81 206 190 04m46s
38 03 2584 Aug 26 21:54:18 1846 7231 T 0.2258 1.0573 21.4N 134.0W 77 208 193 04m43s
39 04 2602 Sep 08 05:31:32 1935 7454 T 0.2895 1.0572 20.6N 113.3E 73 210 196 04m39s
40 05 2620 Sep 18 13:15:47 2026 7677 T 0.3476 1.0565 19.4N 1.6W 70 211 198 04m35s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 06 2638 Sep 29 21:06:37 2119 7900 T 0.4007 1.0554 18.1N 118.4W 66 210 198 04m31s
42 07 2656 Oct 10 05:06:01 2214 8123 T 0.4468 1.0539 16.7N 122.2E 63 209 197 04m28s
43 08 2674 Oct 21 13:13:05 2312 8346 T 0.4869 1.0522 15.4N 0.5E 61 207 196 04m25s
44 09 2692 Oct 31 21:27:40 2411 8569 T 0.5212 1.0503 14.4N 123.3W 58 204 193 04m23s
45 10 2710 Nov 13 05:50:18 2512 8792 T 0.5489 1.0486 13.6N 110.5E 57 201 191 04m20s
46 11 2728 Nov 23 14:20:46 2616 9015 T 0.5701 1.0468 13.1N 17.8W 55 197 188 04m17s
47 12 2746 Dec 04 22:57:39 2721 9238 T 0.5864 1.0454 13.0N 147.9W 54 192 186 04m15s
48 13 2764 Dec 15 07:40:02 2829 9461 T 0.5984 1.0443 13.3N 80.4E 53 188 184 04m12s
49 14 2782 Dec 26 16:26:47 2939 9684 T 0.6070 1.0435 14.1N 52.4W 53 184 183 04m10s
50 15 2801 Jan 06 01:17:30 3050 9907 T 0.6127 1.0432 15.5N 173.7E 52 179 182 04m07s
51 16 2819 Jan 17 10:08:37 3164 10130 T 0.6180 1.0433 17.4N 39.6E 52 175 184 04m04s
52 17 2837 Jan 27 19:01:17 3280 10353 T 0.6223 1.0438 20.0N 95.0W 51 171 187 04m02s
53 18 2855 Feb 08 03:51:22 3398 10576 T 0.6288 1.0448 23.2N 131.0E 51 167 191 04m00s
54 19 2873 Feb 18 12:39:50 3518 10799 T 0.6369 1.0461 27.1N 2.8W 50 164 198 03m59s
55 20 2891 Mar 01 21:22:05 3640 11022 T 0.6501 1.0477 31.7N 135.2W 49 161 207 03m58s
56 21 2909 Mar 13 06:00:58 3765 11245 T 0.6663 1.0495 36.8N 93.1E 48 158 219 03m56s
57 22 2927 Mar 24 14:32:03 3891 11468 T 0.6886 1.0514 42.6N 36.8W 46 156 233 03m54s
58 23 2945 Apr 03 22:56:50 4019 11691 T 0.7164 1.0532 49.0N 165.4W 44 154 251 03m50s
59 24 2963 Apr 15 07:12:58 4150 11914 T 0.7513 1.0547 55.9N 68.0E 41 152 273 03m44s
60 25 2981 Apr 25 15:22:39 4282 12137 T 0.7917 1.0560 63.3N 57.6W 37 150 303 03m36s
61 26 2999 May 06 23:23:57 4417 12360 T 0.8388 1.0566 71.5N 177.3E 33 146 345 03m25s
62 27 3017 May 18 07:17:56 4553 12583 T 0.8919 1.0564 80.3N 46.1E 26 134 417 03m11s
63 28 3035 May 29 15:04:56 4692 12806 T 0.9507 1.0548 84.8N 167.7W 17 38 605 02m50s
64 29 3053 Jun 08 22:46:25 4833 13029 P 1.0142 0.9922 67.1N 36.8E 0 358
65 30 3071 Jun 20 06:21:51 4976 13252 P 1.0823 0.8613 66.1N 87.0W 0 348
66 31 3089 Jun 30 13:53:21 5121 13475 P 1.1533 0.7248 65.2N 150.7E 0 338
67 32 3107 Jul 12 21:21:18 5268 13698 P 1.2269 0.5833 64.3N 29.6E 0 329
68 33 3125 Jul 23 04:47:58 5417 13921 P 1.3012 0.4409 63.5N 90.9W 0 319
69 34 3143 Aug 03 12:11:53 5568 14144 P 1.3771 0.2960 62.8N 149.6E 0 310
70 35 3161 Aug 13 19:37:05 5721 14367 P 1.4513 0.1553 62.2N 29.9E 0 302
71 36 3179 Aug 25 03:02:28 5876 14590 Pe 1.5246 0.0173 61.8N 89.7W 0 293
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
