The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 130 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 1096 Aug 20. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 2394 Oct 25. The total duration of Saros series 130 is 1298.17 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 1096 Aug 20 18:35:35 TD
Last Eclipse = 2394 Oct 25 17:07:13 TD
Duration of Saros 130 = 1298.17 Years
Saros 130 is composed of 73 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 130 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 73 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 30 | 41.1% |
| Annular | A | 0 | 0.0% |
| Total | T | 43 | 58.9% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 0 | 0.0% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 130 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 130 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 43 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 43 | 100.0% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 73 eclipses in Saros 130: 21P 43T 9P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 130 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Total Solar Eclipse: 1619 Jul 11 Duration = 06m41s
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse: 2232 Jul 18 Duration = 01m14s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: 1457 Mar 25 Magnitude = 0.9845
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: 2394 Oct 25 Magnitude = 0.0298
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 130 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 130 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -35 1096 Aug 20 18:35:35 1107 -11173 Pb -1.5110 0.0743 61.4S 164.6W 0 68
02 -34 1114 Sep 01 01:57:49 1032 -10950 P -1.4527 0.1773 61.1S 75.7E 0 77
03 -33 1132 Sep 11 09:29:13 960 -10727 P -1.4007 0.2695 60.9S 46.1W 0 86
04 -32 1150 Sep 22 17:12:01 889 -10504 P -1.3568 0.3471 60.9S 170.7W 0 95
05 -31 1168 Oct 03 01:04:24 836 -10281 P -1.3197 0.4129 61.1S 62.3E 0 104
06 -30 1186 Oct 14 09:06:01 782 -10058 P -1.2891 0.4670 61.4S 67.1W 0 113
07 -29 1204 Oct 24 17:16:40 728 -9835 P -1.2650 0.5097 61.9S 161.2E 0 122
08 -28 1222 Nov 05 01:35:45 675 -9612 P -1.2474 0.5408 62.5S 27.3E 0 131
09 -27 1240 Nov 15 10:01:04 621 -9389 P -1.2339 0.5649 63.3S 108.5W 0 141
10 -26 1258 Nov 26 18:31:26 571 -9166 P -1.2239 0.5826 64.2S 114.3E 0 151
11 -25 1276 Dec 07 03:05:28 524 -8943 P -1.2165 0.5960 65.2S 24.2W 0 161
12 -24 1294 Dec 18 11:42:14 477 -8720 P -1.2108 0.6064 66.3S 163.9W 0 172
13 -23 1312 Dec 28 20:17:58 441 -8497 P -1.2038 0.6192 67.4S 56.3E 0 183
14 -22 1331 Jan 09 04:53:22 409 -8274 P -1.1961 0.6333 68.4S 83.9W 0 194
15 -21 1349 Jan 19 13:24:42 377 -8051 P -1.1847 0.6546 69.5S 136.2E 0 206
16 -20 1367 Jan 30 21:53:13 348 -7828 P -1.1704 0.6812 70.4S 3.6W 0 219
17 -19 1385 Feb 10 06:14:26 320 -7605 P -1.1498 0.7198 71.1S 142.2W 0 232
18 -18 1403 Feb 21 14:31:42 292 -7382 P -1.1253 0.7660 71.7S 79.7E 0 246
19 -17 1421 Mar 03 22:40:34 267 -7159 P -1.0933 0.8265 72.0S 56.7W 0 260
20 -16 1439 Mar 15 06:43:34 242 -6936 P -1.0559 0.8980 72.1S 168.2E 0 274
21 -15 1457 Mar 25 14:38:16 220 -6713 P -1.0107 0.9845 71.9S 35.3E 0 288
22 -14 1475 Apr 05 22:27:42 202 -6490 T -0.9607 1.0310 60.5S 123.6W 15 327 386 02m08s
23 -13 1493 Apr 16 06:10:20 184 -6267 T -0.9042 1.0391 49.5S 107.2E 25 339 308 03m00s
24 -12 1511 Apr 27 13:47:24 168 -6044 T -0.8425 1.0463 40.0S 14.7W 32 346 286 03m50s
25 -11 1529 May 07 21:19:50 154 -5821 T -0.7760 1.0526 31.3S 133.2W 39 351 276 04m38s
26 -10 1547 May 19 04:48:58 140 -5598 T -0.7060 1.0581 23.5S 110.6E 45 356 270 05m22s
27 -09 1565 May 29 12:15:00 129 -5375 T -0.6329 1.0629 16.5S 3.8W 51 0 266 05m57s
28 -08 1583 Jun 19 19:39:32 118 -5152 T -0.5581 1.0667 10.4S 116.9W 56 4 262 06m23s
29 -07 1601 Jun 30 03:03:59 107 -4929 T -0.4826 1.0697 5.3S 130.7E 61 8 259 06m37s
30 -06 1619 Jul 11 10:29:59 92 -4706 T -0.4077 1.0718 1.3S 18.6E 66 12 255 06m41s
31 -05 1637 Jul 21 17:57:08 66 -4483 T -0.3335 1.0731 1.8N 93.4W 71 16 251 06m37s
32 -04 1655 Aug 02 01:28:36 41 -4260 T -0.2625 1.0735 3.7N 154.0E 75 20 247 06m28s
33 -03 1673 Aug 12 09:04:05 21 -4037 T -0.1946 1.0731 4.6N 40.6E 79 23 242 06m15s
34 -02 1691 Aug 23 16:45:57 9 -3814 T -0.1317 1.0720 4.5N 74.3W 82 26 236 06m01s
35 -01 1709 Sep 04 00:32:26 9 -3591 T -0.0725 1.0703 3.7N 169.7E 86 28 229 05m47s
36 00 1727 Sep 15 08:27:31 10 -3368 T -0.0202 1.0681 2.2N 51.4E 89 29 222 05m33s
37 01 1745 Sep 25 16:28:56 12 -3145 Tm 0.0269 1.0655 0.3N 68.6W 88 209 214 05m21s
38 02 1763 Oct 07 00:39:04 15 -2922 T 0.0666 1.0627 2.0S 169.1E 86 209 206 05m09s
39 03 1781 Oct 17 08:55:59 17 -2699 T 0.1007 1.0596 4.3S 45.1E 84 207 197 04m59s
40 04 1799 Oct 28 17:21:46 13 -2476 T 0.1274 1.0566 6.7S 81.3W 83 205 188 04m50s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 05 1817 Nov 09 01:53:53 12 -2253 T 0.1487 1.0536 8.9S 150.9E 82 202 179 04m42s
42 06 1835 Nov 20 10:31:58 6 -2030 T 0.1649 1.0510 10.7S 21.6E 81 198 171 04m35s
43 07 1853 Nov 30 19:15:39 7 -1807 T 0.1763 1.0485 12.0S 109.0W 80 194 164 04m28s
44 08 1871 Dec 12 04:03:38 -1 -1584 T 0.1836 1.0465 12.7S 119.4E 80 190 157 04m23s
45 09 1889 Dec 22 12:54:15 -6 -1361 T 0.1888 1.0449 12.7S 12.8W 79 185 152 04m18s
46 10 1908 Jan 03 21:45:22 8 -1138 T 0.1934 1.0437 11.8S 145.1W 79 180 149 04m14s
47 11 1926 Jan 14 06:36:58 24 -915 T 0.1973 1.0430 10.1S 82.3E 79 176 147 04m11s
48 12 1944 Jan 25 15:26:42 26 -692 T 0.2025 1.0428 7.6S 50.2W 78 172 146 04m09s
49 13 1962 Feb 05 00:12:38 34 -469 T 0.2107 1.0430 4.2S 178.1E 78 169 147 04m08s
50 14 1980 Feb 16 08:54:01 51 -246 T 0.2224 1.0434 0.1S 47.1E 77 166 149 04m08s
51 15 1998 Feb 26 17:29:27 63 -23 T 0.2391 1.0441 4.7N 82.7W 76 164 151 04m09s
52 16 2016 Mar 09 01:58:19 69 200 T 0.2609 1.0450 10.1N 148.8E 75 162 155 04m09s
53 17 2034 Mar 20 10:18:45 80 423 T 0.2894 1.0458 16.1N 22.2E 73 162 159 04m09s
54 18 2052 Mar 30 18:31:53 98 646 T 0.3238 1.0466 22.4N 102.5W 71 161 164 04m08s
55 19 2070 Apr 11 02:36:09 136 869 T 0.3652 1.0472 29.1N 135.1E 68 162 168 04m04s
56 20 2088 Apr 21 10:31:49 176 1092 T 0.4135 1.0474 36.0N 15.1E 65 163 173 03m58s
57 21 2106 May 03 18:19:20 218 1315 T 0.4681 1.0472 43.1N 102.3W 62 164 177 03m47s
58 22 2124 May 14 01:59:10 262 1538 T 0.5286 1.0464 50.3N 143.2E 58 167 182 03m34s
59 23 2142 May 25 09:32:37 308 1761 T 0.5937 1.0449 57.4N 31.9E 53 171 187 03m17s
60 24 2160 Jun 04 16:58:36 350 1984 T 0.6645 1.0428 64.5N 74.9W 48 178 192 02m58s
61 25 2178 Jun 16 00:20:42 391 2207 T 0.7378 1.0396 71.0N 175.3W 42 190 198 02m36s
62 26 2196 Jun 26 07:37:40 433 2430 T 0.8149 1.0356 76.3N 97.0E 35 213 208 02m12s
63 27 2214 Jul 08 14:52:45 477 2653 T 0.8925 1.0303 78.1N 28.3E 26 253 230 01m46s
64 28 2232 Jul 18 22:04:56 524 2876 T 0.9717 1.0229 72.4N 33.4W 13 299 348 01m14s
65 29 2250 Jul 30 05:18:25 572 3099 P 1.0490 0.9114 62.9N 124.7W 0 314
66 30 2268 Aug 09 12:32:05 623 3322 P 1.1254 0.7684 62.2N 118.0E 0 305
67 31 2286 Aug 20 19:48:22 675 3545 P 1.1987 0.6322 61.7N 0.2E 0 296
68 32 2304 Sep 01 03:07:40 730 3768 P 1.2684 0.5038 61.4N 118.2W 0 288
69 33 2322 Sep 12 10:32:06 787 3991 P 1.3328 0.3865 61.1N 122.2E 0 279
70 34 2340 Sep 22 18:01:34 846 4214 P 1.3925 0.2793 61.1N 1.4E 0 270
71 35 2358 Oct 04 01:36:39 907 4437 P 1.4464 0.1835 61.1N 120.7W 0 261
72 36 2376 Oct 14 09:18:28 970 4660 P 1.4941 0.1003 61.4N 115.4E 0 252
73 37 2394 Oct 25 17:07:13 1035 4883 Pe 1.5351 0.0298 61.8N 10.3W 0 243
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
