Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) and Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID)
Specific recreational water illness outbreaks, safety, and pool operation issues
- Diarrhea
- Skin, Ear, and Eye Infections
- Respiratory Infections
- Neurologic Infections
- Wound Infections
- Other Illnesses
- Swimming Pool Operation and Disinfection
- RWIs and Behavioral Science
- Swimming Pool Chemicals
- International Recreational Water
- Injuries and Outdoor Health
Diarrhea
Communitywide Cryptosporidiosis Outbreak --- Utah, 2007
MMWR. September 12, 2008 / 57(36);989-993.
Cryptosporidiosis Outbreaks Associated with Recreational Water Use --- Five States, 2006
MMWR. July 27, 2007 / 56(29);729-732
An Outbreak of Norovirus Gastroenteritis at a Swimming Club --- Vermont, 2004
MMWR. September 3, 2004 / 53(34);793-795
Shigellosis Outbreak Associated With an Unchlorinated Fill-and-Drain-Wading Pool --- Iowa, 2001
MMWR. September 21, 2001 / 50(37);797-800
Protracted Outbreaks of Cryptosporidiosis Associated With Swimming Pool Use --- Ohio and Nebraska, 2000
MMWR. May 25, 2001 / 50(20);406-410
Outbreak of Gastroenteritis Associated With an Interactive Water Fountain at a Beachside Park --- Florida, 1999
MMWR. June 30, 2000 / 49(25);565-568
Outbreak of Cryptosporidiosis Associated with a Water Sprinkler Fountain -- Minnesota, 1997
MMWR. October 16, 1998 / 47(40);856-860
Outbreak of Cryptosporidiosis at a Day Camp -- Florida, July-August 1995
MMWR. May 31, 1996 / 45(21);442-444
Lake-Associated Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 -- Illinois, 1995
MMWR. May 31, 1996 / 45(21);437-439
Cryptosporidium Infections Associated with Swimming Pools -- Dane County, Wisconsin, 1993
MMWR. August 12, 1994 / 43(31);561-563
Swimming-Associated Cryptosporidiosis -- Los Angeles County
MMWR. May 25, 1990 / 39(20);343-345
Gastrointestinal Illness Among Scuba Divers -- New York City
MMWR. November 11, 1983 / 32(44);576-577
Skin, Ear, and Eye Infections
Buruli Ulcer Surveillance, Benin, 2003--2005
Emerg Infect Dis 2007 Sep / 13(9):1374-1376 (PDF, 219 KB)
Pseudomonas Dermatitis/Folliculitis Associated With Pools and Hot Tubs--Colorado and Maine, 1999-2000
MMWR. December 08, 2000 / 49(48); 1087-1091
Outbreak of Pharyngoconjunctival Fever at a Summer Camp -- North Carolina, 1991
MMWR. May 15, 1992 / 41(19);342-344
Cercarial Dermatitis Outbreak at a State Park -- Delaware, 1991
MMWR. April 10, 1992 / 41(14);225-228
An Outbreak of Pseudomonas Folliculitis Associated with a Waterslide -- Utah
MMWR. August 19, 1983 / 32(32);425-427
Staphylococcal Infections Among River Guides--Tennessee, South Carolina, and North Carolina
MMWR. November 19, 1982 / 31(45);605-607
Otitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Serotype 0:10 Associated with a Mobile Redwood Hot Tub System -- North Carolina
MMWR. October 15, 1982 / 31(40);541
Cercarial Dermatitis among Bathers in California; Katayama Syndrome among Travelers to Ethiopia
MMWR. August 20, 1982 / 31(32);435-8
Respiratory Infections
Illness Associated with Red Tide --- Nassau County, Florida, 2007
MMWR. July 4, 2008 / 57(26); 717-720
Surveillance for Travel-Associated Legionnaire's Disease --- United States, 2005--2006
MMWR. December 7, 2007 / 56(48);1261-1263
Cruise-Ship--Associated Legionnaires Disease, November 2003--May 2004
MMWR. November 18, 2005 / 54(45);1153-1155
Mycobacterial Aerosols and Respiratory Disease
Emerg Infect Dis 2003 Jul / 9(7):763-767 (PDF, 203 KB)
Rhinosporidium seeberi: A Human Pathogen from a Novel Group of Aquatic Protistan Parasites
Emerging Infect Dis 2000 May-Jun / 6(3):273-282 (PDF, 304 KB)
Legionnaires Disease Associated with a Whirlpool Spa Display -- Virginia, September - October, 1996
MMWR. January 31, 1997 / 46(04);83-86
Update: Outbreak of Legionnaires' Disease Associated With a Cruise Ship, 1994
MMWR. August 12, 1994 / 43(31);574
Outbreak of Pneumonia Associated with a Cruise Ship, 1994
MMWR. July 22, 1994 / 43(28);521
Outbreak of Pharyngoconjunctival Fever at a Summer Camp -- North Carolina, 1991
MMWR. May 15, 1992 / 41(19);342-344
Neurologic Infections
Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis -- Arizona, Florida, and Texas, 2007
MMWR. May 30, 2008 / 57(21);573-577
Aseptic Meningitis Outbreak Associated With Echovirus 9 Among Recreational Vehicle Campers -- Connecticut, 2003
MMWR. August 13, 2004 / 53(31);710-713
Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis -- Georgia, 2002
MMWR. October 10, 2003 / 52(40);962-964
Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis -- North Carolina, 1991
MMWR. June 26, 1992 / 41(25);437-440
Wound Infections
Vibrio Illnesses After Hurricane Katrina --- Multiple States, August--September 2005
MMWR. September 23, 2005 / 54(37);928-931
Aeromonas Wound Infections Associated with Outdoor Activities -- California
MMWR. May 25, 1990 / 39(20);334-335, 341
Other Illnesses
Brief Report: Leptospirosis After Flooding of a University Campus --- Hawaii, 2004
MMWR. February 10, 2006 / 55(05);125-127
Update: Leptospirosis and Unexplained Acute Febrile Illness Among Athletes Participating in Triathlons -- Illinois and Wisconsin, 1998
MMWR. August 21, 1998 / 47(32);673-6
Outbreak of Acute Febrile Illness Among Athletes Participating in Triathlons -- Wisconsin and Illinois, 1998
MMWR. July 24, 1998 / 47(28);585-588
Swimming Pool Operation and Disinfection
Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia intestinalis in Swimming Pools, Atlanta, Georgia.
Emerg Infect Dis. June 2008, Volume 14, Number 6.
Surveillance Data from Public Spa Inspections --- United States, May--September 2002
MMWR. July 2, 2004 / 53(25);553-555
Surveillance Data from Swimming Pool Inspections --- Selected States and Counties, United States, May--September 2002
MMWR. June 6, 2003 / 52(22);513-516
Chlorine Disinfection of Recreational Water for Cryptosporidium parvum
Emerg Infect Dis. 1999
Emerg Infect Dis Jul-Aug;5(4):579-584. (PDF, 79 KB)
RWIs and Behavioral Science
Assessing Parents' Perception of Children's Risk for Recreational Water Illnesses
Emerg Infect Dis. 2005 May;11(5):670-676.
Swimming Pool Chemicals
Ocular and Respiratory Illness Associated with an Indoor Swimming Pool --- Nebraska, 2006
MMWR. September 14, 2007 / 56(36);929-932.
Erosion of Dental Enamel among Competitive Swimmers -- Virginia
MMWR. July 22, 1983 / 32(28);361-362
International Recreational Water
Leptospirosis in “Eco-Challenge” Athletes, Malaysian Borneo, 2000
Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Jun;9(6):702-707 (PDF, 200 KB)
Update: Outbreak of Acute Febrile Illness Among Athletes Participating in Eco-Challenge-Sabah 2000 -- Borneo, Malaysia, 2000
MMWR. January 19, 2001 / 50(02);21-24
Public Health Dispatch: Outbreak of Acute Febrile Illness Among Participants in EcoChallenge Sabah 2000 -- Borneo, Malaysia, 2000
MMWR. September 15, 2000 / 49(36);816-7
Outbreak of Leptospirosis Among White-Water Rafters -- Costa Rica, 1996
MMWR. June 27, 1997 / 46(25);577-579
Schistosomiasis in U.S. Peace Corps Volunteers -- Malawi, 1992
MMWR. July 30, 1993 / 42(29);565-570
Acute Schistosomiasis in U.S. Travelers Returning from Africa
MMWR. March 09, 1990 / 39(9);141-142,147-148
Acute Schistosomiasis with Transverse Myelitis in American Students Returning from Kenya
MMWR. August 10, 1984 / 33(31);445-447
Schistosomiasis among River Rafters -- Ethiopia
MMWR. November 11, 1983 / 32(44);585-586
Cercarial Dermatitis among Bathers in California; Katayama Syndrome among Travelers to Ethiopia
MMWR. August 20, 1982 / 31(32);435-438
Injuries and Outdoor Health
Sunburn Prevalence Among Adults --- United States, 1999, 2003, and 2004
MMWR. June 1, 2007 / 56(21);524-528
Nonfatal and Fatal Drownings in Recreational Water Settings --- United States, 2001--2002
MMWR. June 4, 2004 / 53(21);447-452
Drownings in a Private Lake -- North Carolina, 1981-1990
MMWR. May 15, 1992 / 41(19);329-331
Child Drownings and Near Drownings Associated with Swimming Pools -- Maricopa County, Arizona 1988 and 1989
MMWR. July 06, 1990 / 39(26);441-442
Injuries at a Water Slide -- Washington
MMWR. July 13, 1984 / 33(27);379-382,387
Perspectives in Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Aquatic Deaths and Injuries -- United States
MMWR. August 13, 1982 / 31(31);417-419
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Content Source:Division of Parasitic Diseases
National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-borne, and Enteric Diseases
Page last modified: September 15, 2008