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Surveillance for Acute Viral Hepatitis --- United States, 2006PDF file link - see Legend on left side of page
MMWR 2008;57(SS-2)

Reported Cases of Acute Viral Hepatitis, by Type and Year, United States, 1966–2003 PDF file link - see Legend on left side of page

Surveillance Guidelines and Forms

Guidelines for Viral Hepatitis Surveillance and Case Management

DRAFT Viral Hepatitis Surveillance Report Form (February 2002) PDF file link - see Legend on left side of page
The forms for reporting cases of viral hepatitis to CDC are currently being revised. The new forms will be used to report cases of viral hepatitis through the new National Electronic Disease Surveillance System (NEDSS). Drafts of these forms are provided here for reference purposes, although use of these forms nationally will only occur once NEDSS is operational.

Hepatitis Case Record Form PDF file link - see Legend on left side of page
National Electronic Telecommunications System for Surveillance

Disease Burden from Hepatitis A, B, and C in the United States

Print-friendly version PDF file link - see Legend on left side of page
Hepatitis A
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
No. of Acute Clinical Cases Reported ¹
3,579
4,488
5,683
7,653
8,795
10,616
Estimated No. of Acute Clinical Cases ²
15,000
19,000
24,000
33,000
38,000
45,000
Estimated No. of New Infections ² (current)
32,000
42,000
56,000
61,000
73,000
93,000
 
Estimated No. of New Infections ²  
mean
min
max
(historical) 1990–1999
301,000
181,000
373,000
 1980–1989
254,000
221,000
380,000
 
No. of Persons with Chronic Infection ³
No chronic infection
Estimated Annual No. of Chronic Liver
Disease Deaths †
No chronic infection
Percent Ever Infected ‡ 33%

 

Hepatitis B
 
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
No. of Acute Clinical Cases Reported ¹
4,758
5,494
6,212
7,526
8,064
7,844
Estimated No. of Acute Clinical Cases ²
13,000
15,000
17,000
22,000
no data
Estimated No. of New Infections² (current)
46,000
51,000
60,000
73,000
79,000
78,000
 
Estimated No. of New Infections²    
mean
min
max
(historical) 1990–1999
140,000
79,000
232,000
 
 1980–1989
259,000
208,000
287,000
 
No. of Persons with Chronic Infection ³
1.25 million persons
Estimated Annual No. of Chronic Liver
Disease Deaths †
2,000–4,000
Percent Ever Infected ‡
4.9%

 

Hepatitis C
 
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
No. of Acute Clinical Cases Reported ¹
no data
Estimated No. of Acute Clinical Cases ²
3,200
3,400
4,200
4,500
4,800
3,900
Estimated No. of New Infections ² (current)
19,000
21,000
26,000
28,000
29,000
24,000
 
Estimated No. of New Infections ²    
mean
min
max
(historical) 1990–1999
67,000
36,000
179,000
 
 1982–1989
232,000
180,000
291,000
 
No. of Persons with Chronic Infection ³
3.2 million persons
Estimated Annual No. of Chronic Liver
Disease Deaths †
8,000–10,000
Percent Ever Infected ‡
1.6%


¹ Number of Acute Clinical Cases Reported: For hepatitis A and hepatitis B, the number of cases reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). Cases of hepatitis C/NANB are also reported to NNDSS (766 in 2006) but are unreliable for monitoring trends in hepatitis C because these reports include cases based only on a positive lab test for anti-HCV, most of which represent chronic HCV infection (CDC. Summary of Notifiable Diseases, United States, 2006, MMWR 2008;55[53]).

² Estimated Number of Acute Clinical Cases and New Infections: Incidence estimates are derived from catalytic modeling of seroprevalence data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) applied to cases reported to the Nationally Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) (for hepatitis A and hepatitis B) or to the Sentinel Counties Study of Viral Hepatitis (for hepatitis C).

³ Number of Persons with Chronic Infection: HBV: Margolis HS, Coleman PJ, Brown RE, et al. Prevention of hepatitis B virus transmission by immunization: An economic analysis of current recommendations. JAMA 1995;274(15):1201–8. HCV: Armstrong GL, Wasley A, Simard EP, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1999 through 2002. Ann Int Med 2006;144(10):705–14.

† Estimated Annual Number of Chronic Liver Disease Deaths: HBV: Margolis HS, Coleman PJ, Brown RE, et al. Prevention of hepatitis B virus transmission by immunization: An economic analysis of current recommendations. JAMA 1995; 274(15): 1201–8. HCV: CDC. Recommendations for the prevention and control of hepatitis C virus infection and HCV-related chronic disease. MMWR 1998;47(RR-19):1–39.

‡ Percent Ever Infected: Seroprevalence estimates for HAV, HBV, and HCV come from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. HAV: Bell BP, Kruszon-Moran D, Shapiro CN et al. Hepatitis A virus infection in the United States: Serologic results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Vaccine 2005;23(5):5798–806. HBV: McQuillan GM, Coleman PJ, Kruszon-Moran D, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: The National Health and Nutrition and Examination Surveys, 1976 through 1994. AJPH 1999;89(1):14–18. HCV: Armstrong GL, Wasley A, Simard EP, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1999 through 2002. Ann Int Med 2006; 144(10):705–14.

Acute Disease Burden Data, 1980–2006


 

Incidence of hepatitis A, United States
Year
 Reported Acute Cases Estimated Acute Cases Estimated Total New Infections
1980 29,087
 124,000
 234,000
1981 25,802
 110,000
 223,000
1982 23,404
 100,000
 228,000
1983 21,534
 92,000
 221,000
1984 22,038
 94,000
 232,000
1985 23,211
 99,000
 228,000
1986 23,429
 100,000
 239,000
1987 25,280
 108,000
 255,000
1988 28,506
 122,000
 305,000
1989 35,822
 153,000
 380,000
1990 31,522
 135,000
 373,000
1991 24,219
 104,000
 288,000
1992 23,112
 99,000
 274,000
1993 24,238
 104,000 284,000
1994 26,796
 115,000 333,000
1995 31,582
 135,000 356,000
1996 31,032
 133,000 335,000
1997 30,021 128,000 341,000
1998 23,299 99,000 243,000
1999 17,047 73,000 181,000
2000 13,397 57,000 143,000
2001 10,616 45,000 93,000
2002 8,795 38,000 73,000
2003 7,653 33,000 61,000
2004 5,683 24,000 56,000
2005 4,488 19,000 42,000
2006 3,579 15,000 32,000

 

 

 

Incidence of hepatitis B, United States
Year
 Reported Acute Cases Estimated Acute Cases Estimated Total New Infections
1980 19,014
 53,000
 208,000
1981 21,151
 59,000 229,000
1982 22,176
 62,000 239,000
1983 24,319
 68,000 267,000
1984 26,116
 73,000 281,000
1985 26,612
 74,000 287,000
1986 26,106
 73,000 283,000
1987 25,915
 72,000 287,000
1988 23,175
 65,000 253,000
1989 23,421
 65,000 255,000
1990 21,277
 59,000 232,000
1991 17,911
 50,000 193,000
1992 16,126 45,000 175,000
1993 13,361 37,000 144,000
1994 12,517 35,000 133,000
1995 10,805 30,000 113,000
1996 10,637 30,000 112,000
1997 10,416 29,000 110,000
1998 10,258 29,000 109,000
1999 7,694 21,000 79,000
2000 8,036 22,000 81,000
2001 7,844 22,000 78,000
2002 8,064 23,000 79,000
2003 7,526 21,000 73,000
2004 6,212 17,000 60,000
2005 5,494 15,000 51,000
2006 4,758 13,000 46,000

 

 


 
Incidence of hepatitis C, United States
Year Estimated Acute Cases Estimated Total New Infections
1982 29,500
 180,000
1983 30,800
 188,000
1984 36,000
 219,000
1985 42,700
 261,000
1986 43,000
 262,000
1987 35,400
 216,000
1988 39,400
 240,000
1989 47,800
 291,000
1990 29,400 179,000
1991 18,400 112,000
1992 12,000 73,000
1993 9,400 57,000
1994 8,900 54,000
1995 5,900 36,000
1996 5,900 36,000
1997 6,300 38,000
1998 6,800 41,000
1999 6,400 39,000
2000 6,300 38,000
2001 3,900 24,000
2002 4,800 29,000
2003 4,500 28,000
2004 4,200 26,000
2005 3,400 21,000
2006 3,200 19,000

 

 

Page last reviewed: June 24, 2008 
Page last modified: June 24, 2008
Content source:
  Division of Viral Hepatitis
  National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention