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Anesthesia and Analgesia Table
Mouse Anesthesia
Mouse Analgesia
Rat
Anesthesia
Rat Analgesia
Rabbit
Anesthesia
Anti-Cholinergic drugs For Rabbits
Rabbit
Analgesia
What Type of Needle Should I
Use?
|
Mouse
Anesthesia |
| Anesthetic |
Comments |
Dose and Route |
Onset |
Duration and Surgical
Anesthesia |
| Mouse Cocktail (Ketamine,
Xylazine) |
The dose of a combination of Ketamine and Xylazine varies
but the most referenced dose is Ketamine 90 mg/kg and Xylazine 10 mg/kg
IP.
A commonly used cocktail of these agents is the combination of
Ketamine and Xylazine mixed and administered as follows. Mix 1 ml Ketamine
(100 mg/ml), 1 ml Xylazine (20 mg/ml) and 5 ml sterile Saline in a sterile
container then administer this dilution at 3-9 ml/g BW i.p.
Alternative mixture using the large animal Xylazine (100 mg/ml): 9
ml Ketamine (100 mg/ml) and 1 ml Xylazine (100 mg/ml) will be used to make
a stock solution. Then a 1:10 dilution will be made from the stock
solution using saline and will be administered at 5-15 ml/g BW
i.p.
Anesthesia can be supplemented by administering 1/3 to 1/2 of
the initial Ketamine dose (do not supplement with additional
Ketamine/Xylazine mixture). |
43-129 mg
Ketamine/g and 8.6-26 mg Xylazine/g
45-135 mg
Ketamine/g and 5-15 mg Xylazine/g |
3-5 min |
15-20 min |
| Isoflurane (need precision
vaporizer to deliver the agent) |
Induction 4-5%
Maintenance
1-2%
Requires scavenging.Contact LASP-Bethesda for
details. |
Inhalation |
2-3 min |
Until Disconnected |
| Medetomidine* + Ketamine |
Medetomidine 1 mg/ml
Ketamine
100 mg/ml |
M = 1 mg/g IM
K = 75
mg/g |
2 min |
30 min |
| Pentobarbital |
|
50 mg/g IP
(40-70 range)
1.25 mg/25g |
5 min |
30 min |
| Tribromoethyl alcohol
(Avertin) |
Preparation of Avertin - A solution of 100% Avertin is
prepared by mixing 10 g of tribromoethyl alcohol with 10 ml of tertiary
amyl alcohol (Sigma). Dilute 10 ml of this solution to 2.5% in 390 ml
isotonic saline (PBS), then sterilize by filtration and aliquot into a
series of sterile snap cap tubes. The 2.5% stock solution is stored
wrapped in foil at 4oC.
Note on preparation of Avertin: When
diluting the alcohol mixture with some commercially available complex
phosphate buffered saline solutions, precipitation of the tribromoethyl
alcohol may occur. This is due to the presence of calcium and/or magnesium
in the PBS. To avoid this, check that the PBS you use is simple sodium
phosphate buffered saline (0.8%) and does not contain calcium and/or
magnesium, or use the following Tris buffered saline solution:
0.8% sodium chloride
1 mM Tris, pH 7.4
0.25 mM EDTA
Note on stability of Avertin: It is the experience of the major
transgenic labs that 2.5% Avertin which is prepared in PBS, sterile
filtered, and stored in the dark at 4oC is stable for at least one year.
However, the tribromoethyl alcohol is unstable as a solid and subject to
the generation of toxic degradation products. When a bad stock of this
compound is used, the 2.5% Avertin may induce lethality and/or peritoneal
damage. If mice do not recover rapidly from the surgery, or appear
listless (or die) after several days to a week, then the tribromoethyl
alcohol is suspect. In this case, order a fresh bottle and make a new
stock of Avertin. |
15 -17 ml of 2.5% Avertin/g BW ip
(= to 375 - 425 mg/g BW) |
|
10-60
min |
*can be reversed with atipamezole (1 mg/g SC, IP or
IV)
|
Mouse
Analgesia |
| Analgesic |
Comments |
Dose and Route |
Frequency |
| Acetaminophen |
Tylenol |
300 mg/100 ml drinking
water |
2-3 days post
operative |
| Buprenorphine |
Buprenex
Practical Bubrenex
for Mice: Mix one 1 cc vial of 0.3 mg/ml Buprenex with 9 ml sterile
saline. This gives a working concentration of 30 micrograms per ml. To
dose at 0.3 micrograms/g give 0.01 ml per gram body weight repeating every
8-12 hours. |
0.05-2.0 microgram/g SC,
IP
1.25-60 microgram/25 g SC |
every 8-12 hours |
| Butorphanol |
Torbugesic |
1-5 mg/g SC |
every 6 hr |
| Bupivacaine |
Marcaine |
2 mg/g intralesional |
Once |
| Banamine |
Flunixin Megumine - a non-controlled NSAID substance
Mixing and administering procedures: To 50 ml vial of 0.9% NaCl add 0.05
ml of 50 mg/ml Flunixin Megumine.
The resulting solution is: 0.05
mg/ml Flunixin Megumine in 0.9 % NaCl. The dose will be at the rate of
0.05 ml per gm of body weight SQ twice a day for a total of 6 doses. (i.e.
20 g mouse gets 1 ml [2.5 mg/kg] SC twice a day for 3 days).
The
solution is discard 7 days after mixing. |
2.5 mg/g SC |
Every 12 hr for a maximum of 3
days |
|
Rat
Anesthesia |
| Anesthetic |
Comments |
Dose and Route |
Onset |
Duration and Surgical
Anesthesia |
Rat Cocktail
(Ketamine,
Xylazine) |
The dose of a combination of Ketamine and Xylazine varies
but the most referenced dose is Ketamine 90 mg/kg and Xylazine 10 mg/kg
IP.
A commonly used cocktail of these agents is the combination of
Ketamine and Xylazine mixed and administered as follows. Mix 1 ml Ketamine
(100 mg/ml), 1 ml Xylazine (20 mg/ml) and 5 ml sterile Saline in a sterile
container then administer this dilution at 3-9 ml/g BW i.p.
Anesthesia can be supplemented by administering 1/3 to 1/2 of the
initial Ketamine dose (do not supplement with additional Ketamine/Xylazine
mixture). |
0.1-0.2 ml/250 g IM, IP24-48 mg
Ketamine/g BW and 3.2-6.4 mg Xylazine/g BW.
In Fischer 344 rats
this combination and dosage does not appear to have as wide a margin of
safety. For this strain, dilute Ketamine:Xylazine:sterile Saline at a
ratio of 2:1:10 and administer at the rate of 3.0 ml/kg IP. |
3-5 min |
30-40 min |
Isoflurane
(need precision
vaporizer to deliver the agent) |
Induction 4-5%
Maintenance
1-2%
Requires scavenging. Contact LASP-Bethesda for
details |
Inhalation |
2-3 min |
Until Disconnected |
| Pentobarbital |
65 mg/ml |
30 mg/kg (7.5mg/250 mg)
50
mg/kg (12.5 mg/250 mg) |
5 min
5 min |
90 min
120
min |
|
Rat
Analgesia |
| Analgesic |
Comments |
Concentration |
Dose and Route |
Frequency |
| Acetaminophen |
Tylenol |
Tablets or liquid |
110-300 mg/kg
PO 25-75 mg/250
g) |
every 4 hours |
| Aspirin |
Various |
Tablets or liquid
baby = 125
mg/tablet
adult = 325 mg/tablet |
100 mg/kg PO 2.5 mg/250
g |
every 4 hours |
| Buprenorphine |
Buprenex |
00.3 mg/ml |
0.1-1.5 mg/kg SC,
IP 25-375
mg/250 g |
every 6-12 hours |
| Butorphanol |
Torbugesic |
10 mg/ml |
0.05-2 mg/kg SC
125-500
mg/250g |
every 4 hours |
| Nalbuphine |
Nubain |
10 mg/ml |
1-2 mg/kg IM
0.25-0.5
mg/250g |
every 4 hr |
| Bupivacaine |
Marcaine |
2 mg/g intralesional |
|
|
| Banamine |
Flunixin Megumine - a non-controlled NSAID
substanceMixing and administering procedures: To 50 ml vial of 0.9% NaCl
add 0.05 ml of 50 mg/ml Flunixin Megumine.
The resulting solution
is: 0.05 mg/ml Flunixin Megumine in 0.9 % NaCl. The dose will be at the
rate of 0.05 ml per gm of body weight SQ twice a day for a total of 6
doses. (i.e. 20 g mouse gets 1 ml [2.5 mg/kg] SC twice a day for 3 days).
The solution is discard 7 days after mixing. |
2.5 mg/g SC |
|
Every 12 hr, maximum of 3
days |
Buprenorphine Jello Recipe for
rodent analgesia
Feed Jello without the drug to get the animals
accustomed to the Jello. |
Synapse Volume 25 #3, September
1992, pp36-37
1. Decide on the dose (0.1-0.5 mg/kg) is recommended.
(0.025-0.10 mg/250g)
2. Determine dosage. Plan on one ml volume of
Jello per average weight of rat, thus, for example, 0.33 ml Buprenex per
0.66ml of Jello/250g rat.
3. Making enough Jello for twice daily
dosing for up to 4 days. Strawberry seems to be the favorite.
4.
Follow the Jello recipe up to the part where you dissolve the Jello in hot
liquid. Reduce the volume of cold water by the volume of Buprenex you will
be adding first. Add the cold H2O. Wait until mixture is less than 90F
before adding Buprenorphine. Pour into ice cube trays @ 4 ml/section.
Freeze and administer 1 cube/4 rats twice daily.
5. Dose by giving 1/4
of a 4 ml cube per rat. place on cage floor on top of rodent
food. |
|
Rabbit
Anesthesia |
| Anesthetic |
Comments |
Dose and Route |
Onset |
Duration and Surgical
Anesthesia |
Rabbit Cocktail
(ketamine,
xylazine and acepromazine) |
42.8 mg/ml
1.4 mg/ml
8.5
mg/ml |
1 ml/1.5 kg IM |
5-10 min |
30 min |
| Pentobarbital |
65 mg/ml |
28 mg/kg IV |
1-2 min |
30-45 min |
Isoflurane
(need precision
vaporizer to deliver the agent) |
induction 4-5%
maintenance
1-2%
Requires scavenging. Contact LASP-Bethesda for
details |
Inhalation |
2-3 min |
until
discontinued |
**Not an anesthetic/analgesic
|
Rabbit
Analgesia |
| Analgesic |
Comments |
Concentration |
Dose and Route |
Frequency |
| Buprenorphine |
Buprenex |
0.3 mg/ml |
10-50 mg/kg SC, IM, IV |
every 8-12 hr |
| Butorphanol |
Torbugesic |
10 mg/ml |
50-200 mg/kg SC, IM |
every 4 hours
|
What Type of Needle Should I
Use?
A one inch needle ranging in size
from 20 to 23 gauge is usually used for the IP injection. A larger gauge needle
of this sort is used in order to prevent inadvertent introduction of anesthetics
into the lumen of the abdominal viscera. Smaller gauge needles are more likely
to penetrate the lumen of organs. Administer injections in the lower left or
lower right abdominal quadrant with the animal in the head down
position.
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