NLM Authority Records Accessible in LocatorPlus
NLM has implemented the Web Authorities feature in LocatorPlus, making its authority records accessible to library users worldwide. This new feature allows users to search and browse the name authority records established in NLM’s internal authority file. The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH®) terms and term/subheading combinations used in cataloging at NLM are also now accessible in LocatorPlus ¹. This feature also provides the capability for display and download of NLM authority records, including those for subjects, in a modified MARC 21 authority format. |
Users now have the ability to search and browse over 1,175,000 authority records ², including:
- Approximately 510,000 subject authority records structured as MARC 21 authority records
(including subject terms and subject term/topical subheading combinations and names and
titles used as subjects)
- More than 625,000 name authority records (ca. 450,000 personal, 125,000 corporate,
45,000 meeting, and 5,000 geographic names)
- Approximately 40,000 series and uniform title authority records
- Ca. 800 name/title authority records
Associated references and scope notes are also provided.
This release does not include:
- Z39.50 functionality
- Full MARC 21 character set for display and download of authority data
- Use of diacritics in searches
- Keyword searching of authority data
Special search indexes have been established which support searching of authority records and allow access to the MARC 21 formatted authority data. To search NLM authority records most effectively, it is important to understand the differences between each available search type. |
Use one of the following search indexes available in the "Search In" box:
Browse MARC Subject Authority -- |
use to search for MeSH terms and subject/topical combinations |
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Browse MARC Name Authority-- |
use to search for personal, corporate, or meeting names |
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Browse MARC Title Authority -- |
use to search for series and uniform title headings |
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Browse MARC Name/Title Authority-- |
use to search for name headings associated with titles |
- Omit all punctuation
- Double dashes: omit double dashes before subject subdivisions
- Apostrophes: close the space when omitting an apostrophe (enter oneill eugene,
not o'neill or o neill).
- Begin with word roots
- Start with a word (or root of a word) that describes the topic
- Review the search results and identify desired headings
- Truncation is automatic
- Searches are automatically truncated and retrieve authority records
that begin with the words or phrases entered
- Do not use the question mark (?) for truncation
To search the MeSH subject heading "Ethics, medical" with the topical subheading of "education", input the string in the search box as follows: |
To search for an authority record for an individual, input the string without any punctuation as "last name first name" in the search box as follows: |
To search for an authority record for an organization, input the string without punctuation in the search box as below: |
To search for an authority record for a series/uniform title, input the string without punctuation in the search box as below: |
All initial search results are presented as a "Headings List" a list of all headings that fall nearest to the first words used in the search, whether the headings have authority records associated with them or not. |
Important
Authority records are available only for those headings in the list that display with one of the icons below in the leftmost column. |
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Clicking this icon leads to a display of the authority record; authority records identified with this icon contain no notes or references |
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Clicking this icon leads to a display of references to the authority record |
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Clicking this icon leads to a display of the authority record and scope note |
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Clicking this icon leads to a display of the authority record, references, and scope note |
Note: LocatorPlus includes all types of bibliographic records, cataloged as well as uncataloged (e.g. on order, regional holdings, collaborating producer records cf. "What kinds of bibliographic records will I find in NLM LocatorPlus?" at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/services/cat_bibrectype.html). This is the reason that the "Headings List" in a search may include many headings that do not have associated authority records. |
For example, the retrieval for the subject search "Ethics Nursing" displays as follows:
Note that clickable icons leading to authority records appear in the left hand column only for the first three items on the list. The last item in the figure appears in the list because it represents a series/uniform title heading that is coded as being also appropriate for use as a subject heading. To retrieve the actual authority record for this series/uniform title, it must be searched again using the selection "Browse MARC Title Authority"; in the retrieval for this second search, this string appears with the authority icon "References" in the left hand column. |
From the headings list, after selecting an icon, you will be linked to an information screen, containing the heading, references, and/or scope notes indicated by the icon you selected. |
The Details Display, which is the default display for authority records in LocatorPlus, provides authority information, including headings, tracings and notes with textual labels. Consult the MARC Display to see all of the data elements with field tags and content designation specified by the MARC 21 format, a communications standard that enables exchange of bibliographic, holdings, and other data among electronic systems. More information about the format of MARC 21 authority records can be found in the MARC 21 Concise Format for Authority Data. |
The MARC View is an alternate display in LocatorPlus that includes all of the data elements with field tags and content designation specified by the MARC 21 format. The leader is displayed; the directory is not displayed. More information about the format of MARC 21 authority records can be found in the MARC 21 Concise Format for Authority Data. Consult the Details Display for a labeled display of the information. |
Authority records may be downloaded individually, one at a time, from LocatorPlus following the steps outlined below. |
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Locate and mark the authority record of interest. |
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At the bottom of the display labeled "SAVE OPTIONS", select the download format. |
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Click on the drop-down menu, which shows the default setting of "Full Record with holdings", to change the selection to the MARC 21 format desired. The options are: |
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Latin1 MARC |
--which provides a MARC-formatted record utilizing the ASCII character set, including the "common" diacritics that often occur in languages that employ the "Latin" alphabet; or |
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Raw MARC |
--which provides a MARC-formatted record inclusive of special characters. |
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Then, click on the "Print/Save" icon which appears to the right of the drop-down |
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At that point, click on "File/Save As" in the Menu Bar of the browser. Then indicate a file name in the appropriate box depending on the browser, specifying where in your local environment you wish to save the records. If using Internet Explorer 5.50, change the "Save as Type" box to "Text File" before saving. |
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As the final step, use the MARC record import functionality of your local integrated library system to load the records into your local database. |
7.1 All Authority Records are not formulated according to current cataloging rules
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Not all authority records in LocatorPlus conform to the rules codified in the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR) and its most recent edition. |
NLM currently applies the rules embodied in the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, 2nd edition, 2002 revision in establishing name and title headings used in LocatorPlus bibliographic records. |
NLM commonly reexamines older authority records for conformance to AACR only as these headings are used again in the current cataloging process. |
7.2 Bibliographic Records Linked to Older Forms of Headings
Many records in LocatorPlus were cataloged prior to the adoption of the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules and thus, the headings used may reflect earlier cataloging practices. |
In addition, LocatorPlus contains a mixture of cataloged and uncataloged materials, including records created by contributing special producer organizations. Access points on these types of records may not be under authority control. |
Users may identify records for cataloged titles in LocatorPlus by clicking on the MARC VIEW tab and examining the full MARC 21 bibliographic record. NLM identifies cataloged records by adding the value "AUTH" in an NLM locally-defined MARC 21 field 999. If a value other than "AUTH" appears in the MARC 21 field 999, the record has not been cataloged by NLM. |
7.3 Bibliographic Records Linked to References, rather than to Established Heading Forms
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One reason this may occur is the fact that LocatorPlus contains a mixture of cataloged and uncataloged materials, including records created by contributing special producer organizations. |
7.4 Multiple NLM Authority Records are found for Geographics
Multiple NLM authority records for geographics appear because there are two legitimate authority records in LocatorPlus, used for different aspects of authority control. There is one authority for the geographic as a jurisdiction (i.e., Alaska) that is established according to AACR and is appropriate for use as the governmental body or as a qualifier in corporate headings. In addition, the NLM authority file contains a subject authority record for the MeSH term in the "Z" tree for use in the MARC 21 field 651; the records originating as MeSH contain an 035 $a beginning with the letter "D". |
Therefore, users will encounter a retrieval such as the one below when searching the "Browse MARC Subject Authority" index: |
7.5 Duplicate NLM Authority Records are found for Other Types of Headings
NLM is aware that there are other duplicate authority records in LocatorPlus and is undertaking a project to resolve these problems. However, this process is likely to be ongoing. |
7.6 Two series entries appear in the Headings List display for ever series/uniform title, but only one series authority record exists
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In the LocatorPlus retrieval, series appear twice, listed as "series title" and "non-series title" headings.
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This is a result of treatment of the 008 coding for bytes 14 and 16 in the authority record. The same authority record can be viewed via either entry.
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Example: A Title Authority Headings search for the title "Nursing clinics of North America." The Headings List shows the heading first as a non-series title with no associated bibliographic records. The second listing indicates that seventy-seven (77) bibliographic records are associated with the heading as a series title.
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Series authority records may be retrieved by a Title or a Name-Title Headings search, as appropriate. For these searches (as for Name Heading searches), the heading appears in the Headings List when byte 14 or byte 16 of the 008 field contains value 'a'. |
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008, byte 14: value "a" indicates heading is appropriate for use as a main or added entry (as a 1XX/7XX field in a bibliographic record; i.e., not as a series entry) |
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008, byte 16: value "a" indicates heading is appropriate for use as a series |
7.7 Some NLM Authority Records not coded as contributed to the NACO, the name authority component of the Program for Coopeartive Cataloging (PCC)
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Many authority records in LocatorPlus pre-date NLM's participation in NACO. In addition, NLM does not contribute all authority records to NACO (e.g., headings associated with bibliographic records cataloged at the limited level are not generally contributed).
To determine whether or not a particular heading exits in NACO authority file, look in the MARC View; those records that contain an LC control number in the MARC 21 field 010 should appear in the NACO authority file. |
7.8 Some NLM Authority records for series/uniform titles contain the 6XX fields, while others do not
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NLM did not fully adopt the content designation provisions of the MARC 21 Format for Authority Data, particularly those regarding series information, until the implementation of Voyager at NLM. Therefore, authority records for series created before December 1998 do not contain this detailed information. |
Comments or questions regarding this feature in LocatorPlus should be directed to custserv@nlm.nih.gov. |
¹The MeSH Browser available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/MBrowser.html is the authoritative source for NLM controlled vocabulary and provides access to the hierarchical arrangement of MeSH. The subject authority records in LocatorPlus are structured for use in the creation and maintenance of bibliographic records. |
²These numbers are dynamic as new authority records are added to the database in real time as materials are cataloged. |
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