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Abstract

Title: Bladder cancer risk and genetic variation in AKR1C3 and other metabolizing genes.
Author: Figueroa JD,Malats N,García-Closas M,Real FX,Silverman D,Kogevinas M,Chanock S,Welch R,Dosemeci M,Lan Q,Tardón A,Serra C,Carrato A,García-Closas R,Castaño-Vinyals G,Rothman N
Journal: Carcinogenesis
Year: 2008
Month: July

Abstract: Aromatic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are carcinogens present in tobacco smoke and functional polymorphisms in NAT2 and GSTM1 metabolizing genes are associated with increased bladder cancer risk. We evaluated whether genetic variation in other candidate metabolizing genes are also associated with risk. Candidates included genes that control the transcription of metabolizing genes (AHR, AHRR, and ARNT), and genes that activate/detoxify AA or PAH (AKR1C3, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP3A4, EPHX1, EPHX2, NQO1, MPO, UGT1A4, SULT1A1, and SULT1A2). Using genotype data from 1,150 cases of urothelial carcinomas and 1,149 controls from the Spanish Bladder Cancer Study, we estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusting for age, gender, region and smoking status. Based on a test for trend, we observe ten nonredundant SNPs in five genes (AKR1C3, ARNT, CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and SULT1A2) significantly associated with bladder cancer risk. The most significant finding we observed was an inverse association with risk for the AKR1C3 promoter SNP rs1937845 [OR (95%CI) for heterozygote and homozygote variant compared to common homozygote genotype were 0.86 (0.75-1.06) and 0.74 (0.57-0.96), respectively; p for trend = 0.02]. Interestingly, genetic variation in this region has been associated with lung, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and prostate cancer risk. We further analyzed additional SNPs to capture most ( approximately 90%) of common genetic variation in AKR1C3 and haplotype walking analyses based on all AKR1C3 SNPs (n = 25) suggest two separate regions associated with bladder cancer risk. These results indicate that genetic variation in carcinogen metabolizing genes, particularly AKR1C3, could be associated with bladder cancer risk.