The crop of the day:

The Mango, Mangifera indica

© Paul Gepts 2006



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Mango production regions

Sources: Simmonds (1976), Sauer (1993), Galán Sauco (1993)


Surface (ha) 

Production (t) 
World  2129201  17000000 
India  1200000  9500000 
Thailand  185700  440000 
Brazil  126500  390000 


Mangifera indica - Mango


  • Botany and distribution
    • Order of the Sapindales, family of the Anacardiaceae. Other families in this order include the Rutaceae (citrus), Aceraceae (maple), and Hippocastaneae (horse chestnut)
    • Anacardiaceae (the sumac family; same family as cashew, smoketree , pistachio, peppertree, poison oak):
      • wild Mangifera sp.: ~ 40 sp., all from S.E. Asia
      • wild Mangifera indica: N.E. India
    • Tree: 30-40 m tall
    • Tropical climates at low altitude (monsoon climate); requires dry season for flowering and fruit set; absence of frost
  • Domestication and dispersal
    • Age of domestication : 4,000 BP (?)
    • Dispersal
      • Dispersal eastward: 400-500 BC to east Asia; reached the Philippines in 15th century
      • Dispersal westward: 16th century: by Portuguese: Africa, Brazil
(Image from Hort15, Cornell Univ)
  • Reproductive system: outcrossing:
    • both male and bisexual flowers in inflorescence
    • hence, great variation among seedling; some apomixis--> vegetative multiplication of best cultivars

(Image from Hort15, Cornell Univ)
  • Domestication: selection for
    • succulence: larger fruits
    • low fibre
    • low resin
    • smaller pit

  • Vitamin A content

Level ug retinol equivalent/kg Crops
Medium <500 ug guava, kumquat, mandarin
High <4000 ug apricot, loquat, orange-fleshed melon, papaya, persimmon
Red pepper 6000 ug
Mango 12500 ug